
MORTEXPRODUCTSINC.501TERMINALRDFORTWORTH,TEXAS76106Page11
diaphragm. It’s purpose is to regulate the rate at which
refrigerant flows into the evaporator.
Figure 12: The TXV Bulb Best Placement
The bulb is best mounted on a horizontal suction line tube and
in a position corresponding to between 1 o'clock and 4 o'clock.
The location depends on the outside diameter of the tube.
(Figure 6) .
Note: The bulb must never be located at the bottom of the
suction line due to the possibility of oil laying in the bottom of
the pipe causing false signals.
The bulb must be able to sense the temperature of the
superheated suction vapor and must therefore not be located in a
position that will expose it to extraneous heat/cold.
Be sure that the expansion valve provided is the proper size and
type required to achieve rating. If a non-bleed type valve is to be
used, the outdoor unit must be equipped with a hard start kit
allowing the outdoor unit to start under load. Check with our
factory if necessary.
How the TXV Controls Superheat
The thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) is a precision device
designed to regulate the rate at which liquid refrigerant flows
into the evaporator. This controlled flow is necessary to prevent
the return of liquid refrigerant to the compressor.
The TXV separates the high pressure and low-pressure sides of
a refrigeration or air conditioning system. Liquid refrigerant
enters the valve under high pressure, but its pressure is reduced
when the TXV limits the amount of refrigerant entering the
evaporator.
Remember: the TXV controls only one thing: the rate of flow of
liquid refrigerant into the evaporator. The TXV is not designed
to control air temperature, head pressure, capacity, suction
pressure, or humidity. Attempts to use the TXV to control any
of these system variables will lead to poor system performance
and possible compressor failure.
The TXV responds to the temperature of refrigerant gas as it
leaves the evaporator. This temperature is detected by the
sensing bulb, which is located near the evaporator outlet. The
TXV also responds to the refrigerant pressure within the
evaporator, which is transmitted to the TXV by an equalizer
line. By responding to these variables, the TXV maintains a
predetermined superheat within the evaporator. This is how the
TXV keeps the system in balance and operating properly. To
understand how this works, we must have a clear understanding
of superheat.
The TXV controls superheat by controlling the flow of liquid
refrigerant. As it does this, it also reduces refrigerant pressure.
Liquid refrigerant enters the TXV under high pressure. As the
flow of liquid refrigerant is reduced, its pressure drops. The
refrigerant leaving the TXV is now a combination of low-
pressure liquid and vapor.
As the flow is restricted, several things happen:
The pressure on the liquid refrigerant drops;
A small amount of the liquid refrigerant is converted
to gas, in response to the drop in pressure;
This "flash gas" represents a high degree of energy
transfer, as the sensible heat of the refrigerant is
converted to latent heat;
The low-pressure liquid and vapor combination moves
into the evaporator, where the rest of the liquid
refrigerant "boils off" into its gaseous state as it
absorbs heat from its surroundings.
Changes in gas temperature at the evaporator outlet are detected
by the sensing bulb, which then causes the valve pin to move in
or out, regulating the flow of refrigerant through the TXV. In
this way, the valve allows just enough refrigerant into the
evaporator, to maintain the correct level of superheat in the
suction line.
The TXV controls superheat by varying the size of the orifice
through which the refrigerant flows. The pin angle, the size of
the stroke (typically 0.015- to 0.035-in.) and the diameter of the
orifice itself all affect how much refrigerant can pass through
the valve. In addition, all valves have some leakage around the
valve pin, although this is normally kept within acceptable
limits.
It's important to remember that valve capacity is a function of
the orifice diameter, pin angle, and stroke. Adjusting the
superheat spring doesn't change valve capacity.
Trouble Shooting:
The thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) is like the carburetor
in your car's engine. It opens and closes to allow the correct
amount of refrigerant into your system. When the TXV isn't
working properly, the efficiency of your unit is crippled. If you
suspect you have a faulty TXV, perform these tests:
First, connect your gauges to the system and check that the
refrigerant pressures, subcooling and superheat are where they
should be (for pressures settings, refer to unit's pressure chart;
for subcooling (usually around 10°F) and superheat (between
8°F-12°F) follow manufacturer's specification sheet.
Check to see if airflow through the system is good . There
should be no dirty coils or air filters. Also check for proper
CFMs readings across the system.
Make sure there's the right amount of refrigerant charge in the
system (this step may require weighing out the refrigerant in the
system). Once you've added or removed charge as necessary,
check the pressures, subcooling and superheat again. If there is
no change then it is probably the TXV.