Unikor MXVOLTA User manual

UNIKOR BATTERY CO.,LTD.
www.ukbkorea.com
MXVOLTA BATTERY
TECHNICAL &
HANDLING
MANUAL

CONTENTS
1. WHAT IS MXVOLTA BATTERY ----------------------------
2. CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Oxygen recombination reaction -----------------------
2.2 Prevents generation of hydrogen gas from negative pole
2.3 Prevention of gas generation by adjustment of charging
voltage -----------------------------------------
2.4 Principle of preventing liquid leakage -------------------
2.5 Principle of self-electric discharge ---------------------
3. BEFORE USING
3.1 Unloading and checking -----------------------------
3.2 Installation and connection ---------------------------
3.3 Operational test and recharge -------------------------
4. DAILY INSPECTION AND SERVICING
4.1 Treatment ----------------------------------------
4.2 Discharge ----------------------------------------
4.3 Charge ------------------------------------------
A. MONTHLY CHEKING -----------------------------------
B. 6MONTHLY CHECKING ---------------------------------
C. CHECKING ANNUALLY ---------------------------------
D. SAFETY OF HANDLING --------------------------------
REFERENCE GUIDE
*MXVOLTA battery discharge performance data -----------------
*Storage and manage MXVOLTA batteries ---------------------
*General charge range --------------------------------
*List of material for MXVOLTA batteries -----------------------
P. 3
P. 3
P. 4
P. 4
P. 5
P. 5
P. 7
P. 7
P. 7
P. 8
P. 8
P. 9
P.11
P.11
P.12
P.12
P.15
P.20
P.21
P.22

1. WHAT IS MXVOLTA BATTERY ?
MXVOLTA battery is a kind of sealed batteries with maintenance free.
Generally, it still needs to add pure water regularly in order to keep a battery efficiency. Even
though the capacity of battery having been reduced due to self discharge, MXVOLTA battery
has a circulation system to re-fill in its function automatically and will not get any bad
influence in spite of using a long period of time.
As it is, no need to add pure water for MXVOLTA battery because we made MXVOLTA battery
minimized to generate gas such as H2, O2 in the battery, which are changed into water
automatically.
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEALED BATTERY
2.1 Oxygen recombination reaction.
It is to solve the problems of the gas generated in charging the sealed lead acid battery,
incidental acid mist, liquid leakage and refill water and its theory is as follows:
Flooded Recombination
Reaction Formula

① Oxygen is produced in the positive plate in overcharge.
H2O→2H+ + 1/2 O2 + 2e
② The oxygen is diffused to the negative plate thorough the separator.
③ The oxygen combination with lead in the negative plate
Pb + 1/2O2 → PbO
④ The oxidized lead in the negative plate makes water by bonding with sulphuric acid for
a certain amount of lead to be in the discharged condition.
PbO + H2SO4 → PbSO4 + H2O
⑤ The discharged lead is to be in the new charged condition electrically and chemically to
form a complete cycle.
PbSO4 + 2H+ + 2e → Pb + H2SO4
Offsetting the right and the left, it become the original condition. That is, water
disappeared in the 十pole, is produced in 一pole.
For this, the generation of hydrogen gas in 一pole should be controled. It is possible by
reducing the hydrogen generation voltage(hydrogen overvoltage), which is possible by using
the calcium alloy as the existing antimony alloy cannot perform it.
2.2 Prevents generation of hydrogen gas from negative pole
The existing lead-antimony battery generates much hydrogen from negative pole when
charging it and this is due to less excessive voltage by generation of hydrogen on alloy plate
of lead and antimony. When charging VRLA battery the over voltage of hydrogen generating
was largely reduced by use of alloy grid of lead & calcium instead of alloy of lead &
antimony and with this the generation of hydrogen could be largely reduced.
2.3 Prevention of gas generation by adjustment of charging voltage.
To restrain or prevent from gas generation by causing not to be enhanced to the gas
generating point by charging voltage by setting forth ceiling of charging voltage of VRLA
battery. The ceiling voltage of charging VRLA battery is 2.46V/Cell (maximum 2.50V/Cell)
and prevent from gas generation so that charging voltage of any more may not be enhanced
and that takes in-charge of decisive role to enable this is the grid used lead & calcium.
The existing lead antimony battery generates more gas of 5-8 times than the VRLA battery
by charging voltage of 2.46V/Cell. In case VRLA battery extremely small amount of gas
generates out of charging voltage of 2.50V/Cell however, gas is not emitted outside of
battery because of this reduces to water again through gas recombination reacting process.

2.4 Principle of preventing liquid leakage
a. Complete sealed structure
VRLA battery is structurally completely airtight under the normal atmosphere. Especially,
vent hole is mechanically tight by valve and the safety valve was mounted with pressure
adjusting function if excessive pressure is filled inside of the battery taking into account of
safety.
b. Free move prevention structure of electrolyte
The electrolyte inside of battery is completely absorbed by glass fiber mat or gel which
absorption of liquid is very good and cannot freely move within the battery. Since therefore,
there is no worry about leakage of liquid as there is no electrolyte freely move even if the
battery is laid down or upside down.
2.5 Principle of self-electric discharge
The self-electric discharge phenomenon of lead-acid battery is by interaction between
active material of negative pole and electrolyte and the element incurs self-electric
discharge are largely classified into two(2) sorts as follows:
(a) Constituents consist electrolyte (hydrogen ion in sulfuric acid)
(b) Impure substances contained in electrolyte
Out of the two sorts above a is unremovable element but (b) is removable but (a) that is to
say the electrolyte itself cannot be eliminated and so, the electric discharge phenomenon by
lead battery cannot completely be restrained. However, electric discharge volume may be
reduced. VRLA battery has very small electric discharge volume than the existing lead
antimony battery and this is because of use of alloy of lead & calcium in lieu of alloy of lead
& antimony as the grid material. The plate alloyed by lead & calcium has very big resistance
against electric discharge. On the alloy grid surface of lead & calcium the sponge lead
which is negative pole active material is not easily discharged electricity since hydrogen is
difficult to be generated (high hydrogen over voltage)
For your information the electric discharge principle by hydrogen ion in electrolyte is as
follows:
(-) pole - hydrogen ion in electrolyte
2H+ + 2e ---→ H2(gas) ------------------------- (1)
(-) pole - lead which is active material
Pb + H2SO4 --→ PbSO4 + 2H+ + Ze -------------- (2)
To sum up (1) reaction & (2) reaction
Pb + H2SO4 --→ PbSO4 + H2 ↑
(charged condition) (discharge condition)
3. BEFORE USING
Please read following specification before using.
When we release the battery to the users, the battery keep initial charged state which can be
generated of flammable gas. Don't short each connection before sufficient ventilation of
Installed places and just keep it away from fire in order to prevent dangerous factors.

3.1 Unloading and checking
3.1.1. When unloading the batteries, check the batteries in appearance and secure the
batteries firmly to protect it from impact.
3.1.2. After unloading, it needs to check followings.
a. Check the number of batteries, accessaries and its status in appearance.
b. Check open circuit voltage (over 2.1 Volt / cell)
3.2 Installation and connection
3.2.1. The installation places should be clean and keeping the temperature between IO℃
and 35℃.(Read the reference Figure 2. which shows the capacity of battery depends on
temperature)
3.2.2. When placing the battery, take suitable places and right upside in equipment.
3.2.3. Make sure to clean the battery connections before joining it with electric wire.
3.2.4.
a. In case using several batteries in series,the terminals should be correctly connected
To pay keen attention is needed not to short each other while connecting it.
b. When series connection, take the positive plate(+) to the negative plate(-) of next
connection battery. Never short it as batteries furnished with charged status.
#. Recommended torque for connecting bolts and nuts are :
Size of Bolt & Nut Torque
M6 Bolt 11±1 N.m
M8 Bolt 20±2 N.m
M10 Bolt 30±3 N.m
M10 Nut 18±2 N.m
c. After connecting, painting anti rust material slimly, having putted on safety cover on
the plate battery.
d. And then, take to connect the battery to a load or a charger.
The positive plate(+) of battery should be joined with the positive plate(+) of a load
or a charger and the same way to join it with negative parties.
3.3 OPERATIONAL TEST AND RECHARGE
3.3.1. Operation test
Please test the battery efficiency after joining with a load or a charger.
3.3.2. Recharge
As the battery can be in self discharge while transportation or storage period, the battery
should be recharged as following way.
a. After Charging on 2.4 Volt / Cell of 3 hours to 5 hours,
b. The charge should be changed to float charging voltage.
4. DAILY INSPECTION AND SERVICING
In order to maintain battery life span long and to use high power battery efficiently, to pay
heed is needed as below points.
4.1 Treatment
4.1.1. Maintain the numerical value of the regulations for float charging voltage.
4.1.2. Avoid operation of the battery with over 45℃

(The battery life span will be shorten in high temperature like over 45"C)
4.1.3. We recommend providing a vent hole to ensure ventilation.
4.1.4. keeps clean and dry conditions.
Never use any flammable liquid such as gasoline, benzene, etc to wash the container of
battery.
4.2 Discharge
4.2.1 DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS
a. The variation of time of duration according to discharge current
The capacity fully charged state effects 100% of capacity with law current discharge of. 20
hours case. Increasing voltage causes shorten time duration of discharge as Figure I shows.
* Note : C means nominal capacity with 20 hours rate. (Figure shows 6 Volt battery)
Figure 1. The variation of time of duration according to discharge current
b. Temperature and variation
The battery capacity beyond 20℃ caused increase in the apparent capacity, having
decreased the capacity below 20℃.
Figure 2 shows 100% capacity when 20 Hours rate discharge at 20℃, 106% capacity at -
20℃.
Figure 2. Temperature and the variation of capacity
c. For discharge current and final discharge voltage, please refer catalogue.
d. Precaution when discharging

Take discharging at an ambient temperature of -20℃ to +35℃.
The capacity to hold a charge may not be recovered if the battery is left discharged for a
long period.
The battery should be immediately recharged if discharged deeply and or after using it.
The discharge capacity is affected by the discharge current. Evidently, increasing
discharge current causes decrease in the capacity, decreasing discharge current causes
increase in the capacity. ( Refer Figure 1. )
4.3 Charge
4.3.1 CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGE (Recommend to use constant voltage charger)
This type of charging generally employs a constant voltage constant current method with
current limitation to prevent the initial current from increasing, using a charger which
controls electric current by transistor.
As a lot of electric current needs during charging of initial current to the middle current,
electric current redcoats rapidly because being charge constant voltage at the last period of
charging.
At the last period of charging, keeps to charge constant voltage with reduced electric
current rapidly.
The setting value of constant voltage Is 2.4 Volt/Cell for cycle service.
The zone between 2.24 Volt/cell and 2.28 Volt/Cell are adopted for float charging.
The 2.23 Volt/Cell is a minimum charge value in order to maintain battery capacity after
fully charging.
Figure 3. Characteristics of constant voltage charging
Note : A charge quantity of 120% of discharge quantity is needed to fully charge the battery
a. Float charge
? Keep charging constant voltage with 2.23 Volt - 2.28 Volt/Cell at 25℃
Numeral value of temperature ; Vc, t = Vc, 25- 0.00033 ( t - 25 )
Vc,t ; Charging voltage at t℃
Vc. 25 ; Charging voltage at 25℃
? Initial current charging Is below 0.4 C
C : Nominal capacity A : Ampere
Ex) In case of 100 AH as battery capacity : 100 × 0.4 = 40 A

? Ambient temperatures are between 0℃ and 35℃
? Battery life will be shorten if high temperature charging.
b. cycle
? The constant voltage charge method is recommended to charge this battery.
? The charging voltage is between 2..4V and 2.5V/Cell as average.
? Constant current charge initially is with current remitted to 0.4C.
? As it is hardly possible to check the .tine charged full, we recommended using a timer to
be automatically stopped or the charger to be changed to float charging.
c. Precaution when charging
? The vent value should not be sealed.
? Always take the nominated voltage .
? Over Charging : shorten battery life
? When the temperature is over 45℃, please reduce electric current or ventilate the room
where is stored of battery.

< The following points are needed to check regularly and please take note as record >
A. MONTHLY CHECKING (or 1 time per bi-week in case sensitive equipments needed for
high quality electric powers)
Check point Description Standard Arrangement
Total voltage of battery
while float charging
The voltage of volt
meter
Flat voltage × the
number of cell
ex) 6cell for 12V
Arrange the number of
cell by the float voltage
charging
Battery room
Subsidiary Facilities
Battery room
a. Condition
b. Ventilation equipment
1. Keep dry & clean
with 10～35℃
2. Operate normally
a. To keep it dry and
clean as temperature
with 10～35℃
b. Abnormal operation
cases, take mending
or change
B. 6MONTHLY CHECKING
Checking point Description Standard Arrangement
Battery room &
subsidiary facilities
a. State of vent valve
b. Safety facilities like
fire extinguisher
c. State of connection
a. Never close vent
valve remove dust
b. State of connection
between charger and
connect cable
a. Remove dust from
vent valve and vent
hole
b. Check the rafty
facilities
c. Tighten connection
never short the
terminals
Appearance a. Broken container crack
& damage
b. Dust of container in
appearance
a. In case broken
container, crack &
damage, please
contact
us
b. Remove dust with
water, not gasoline or
flammable liquid
C. CHECKING ANNUALLY
Checking point Description Standard Arrangement
Connections State of connection Normal operation Checking tight state of
connection as well as
removing rust on the
terminals