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Westerrr Electric 88A User manual

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Westerrr Electric
AMPLIFIER
No. 88A
Weight--Approximately 760 Pounds
INDEX Page
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1
DESCRIPTION OF CIRCUITS 3
INSTALLATION 6
TUNING PROCEDURE 11
MAINTENANCE 14
LOCATION OF TROUBLE 15
APPARATUS LIST 17
ILLUSTRATIONS;
Front View with Doors Open Figure 1
Schematic Figure 2
Wiring Diagram. Figure 3
Dimensional Diagram ... Figure 4
Calibration of Second Harmonic Shunt .. Figure 5
Instructions for Use
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Western Electric No. 88A Amplifier is a single-stage power amplifier
capable of raising the modulated output of a 50-watt ultra high frequency
radio telephone transmitter to 500 watts of carrier power. It may be adjusted
to operate on any frequency in the range from 30 to 42 MC. Provision is made
for operating it into a single open wire, a double open wire or a coaxial trans-
mission line. The amplifier is equipped with a mercury vapor rectifier and the
necessary transformers for plate and filament supplies. Approximately 4.6
KW of power is required from a 3 -phase 220-volt 50 or 60-cycle supply.
The components of this amplifier are assembled in a steel cabinet having
a welded structural steel frame. The meters are located on a panel at the top
Instruction Bulletin No. 746
of the cabinet behind a glass window. Directly below are two glass paneled
doors permitting observation of the amplifier tubes and providing access to the
radio frequency equipment. Centrally located on the front of the cabinet is a
control panel on which are mounted three screw-driver operated controls for
adjusting the grid input circuit, the neutralizing condenser and the plate
circuit. Two tumbler switches are also provided for controlling the power
supply circuits. Below this panel are two hinged metal doors providing access
to the lower portion of the cabinet where the rectifier and power equipment
are located. Safety switches are provided on all doors for the protection of
the operator. A horizontally mounted fan, located between the power and
radio equipment, provides ventilation by sucking air in through an opening
near the bottom and forcing it up through the set and out through perforations
at the top of the cabinet. The air entering the set is cleaned by a spun glass
filter covering the opening at the base of the cabinet.
Figure 1-Front View with Doors Open
[21
DESCRIPTION OF CIRCUITS
For purposes of discussion, the circuits of this amplifier shown on sche-
matic diagram Figure 2 and wiring diagram Figure 3, are divided into three
groups: radio-frequency, power-supply and control.
Radio-Frequency Circuits
Two Western Electric No. 251A Vacuum Tubes are used in a single neu-
tralized stage of push-pull amplification. The RF input terminals connect to
a coupling coil (L1) which is inductively coupled to a variable inductance (L2).
This variable inductance with the fixed condensers C2, C12, C13, and C14,
comprise the grid input tuned circuit. Grid bias voltage supplied from the
50-watt transmitter is applied to the grids of the tubes through a grid current
meter (M1) and two RF choke coils (L3 and IA). A filament transformer
(T3) supplies the filament power and condensers C5 and C6 by-pass each side
of the filament to ground.
Neutralization is accomplished by means of the balanced variable con-
denser C4 connected between the grids and plates of the opposite tubes.
The plates of both tubes are connected to a center tapped inductance
(L5) and a balanced variable condenser (C3). Plate voltage is fed into the
center of the inductance (L5) through an RF choke coil (L7) and a plate current
meter (M5).
The output circuit is conductively coupled to the antenna transmission
line by means of taps on the plate circuitinductance (L5). Blocking condensers
(C9 and C10) remove the DC potential from the transmission line and meters
M2 and M4 provide an indication of the RF current in the two transmission
lines. When a balanced two wire transmission line is used for connecting the
output to the radiator, it is connected to terminals 17 and 18, and a second
harmonic shunt similar to HS1 must be provided and connected to terminal
17. When the amplifier is used with a single open wire or a coaxial transmission
line transmission line meter (M4), blocking condenser (C10) and the corres-
ponding output coil tap are not used. Output terminal 18 which is located
on the same side of the transmitter as the connected coil tap, should be used
for a single open wire line and the transmission line running to the base in the
bottom of the set should be connected and used for terminating a coaxial
transmission line.
The harmonic shunt (HS1) connected between ground and output terminal
18 reduces the second harmonic to a negligible value. This suppressor consists
of a section of coaxial transmission line one quarter wavelength at the operating
frequency or one-half wavelength long at the second harmonic frequency and
is short-circuited at the far end. When correctly adjusted as described under
"Installation" it produces a short circuit across the. output terminal of the
amplifier to the second harmonic frequency and has negligible effect on the
fundamental frequency.
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Power Supply Circuits
Filament voltage for the amplifier tubes (V1 and V2) and the rectifier
tubes (V3, V4 and V5) is supplied from filament transformers T3 and T2
respectively. The 220-volt primary voltage for these transformers and the
200-volt grid bias voltage are obtained from the associated transmitter, where
they are adjusted to the proper value.
The plate supply consists of a 3-phase mercury vapor rectifier and a
single section filter. The primary windings of the three-phase high-voltage
transformer (T1) are tapped to provide adjustment of the high-voltage supply.
The center tap of the secondary of this transformer (T1) is connected to ground
through the coil circuit of an overload relay (S3). The high-voltage direct
current is indicated by a voltmeter (M3) and the current drawn by the amplifier
is indicated by an ammeter (M5).
Control Circuits
The control circuits of this amplifier operate in conjunction with some of
the circuits of the associated transmitter to provide the necessary sequence of
switching operations.
The power supply switch (D1) is a three-circuit main line switch for the
high-voltage rectifier. It supplies power to the contacts of relay S1 which
completes the primary circuit of the high voltage transformer (T1). The plate
supply switch (D2) is connected in series with the coil circuit of relay Si, which
is energized with power supplied from the associated transmitter when it is
operating. The contacts of the overload relay (S3) are connected in series with
the overload relay of the associated transmitter so that if either relay mo-
mentarily opens when the transmitter is operating, both equipments will be
turned off and cannot be started again until the plate control switch of the
associated radio transmitter is turned off and on.
The door switches (D3.1 to D3.5 inclusive) are connected to circuits in the
associated transmitter so that when any door is opened the high-voltage supply
in both units is removed.
Relays S2 and S4, and resistance R1 constitute a protective circuit for
reducing the initial charging current of the filter condenser (C1). Resistor
Rl is automatically connected in series with the filter condenser (Cl) while
it is being charged, thus protecting the rectifier tubes from a heavy surge of
current when the equipment is turned on. The relays operate as follows:
When the plate supply of the amplifier is turned on, the condenser charging
current operates relay S4 through resistor Rl. When condenser Cl is fully
charged, the charging current stops, relay S4 releases and relay S2 operates
and connects the negative terminal of the condenser (C1) to ground.
INSTALLATION
Dimensions of the amplifier and the location of terminal blocks are shown
on Figure 4. Sufficient space should be allowed around the amplifier, partic-
ularly in the rear, to provide free entrance of the incoming air, to facilitate the
installation of the power transformer (T1) and power supply wires, and to
enable the operator to remove the rear panel for cleaning the air filter.
The amplifier may be placed alongside the 50-watt transmitter and the
conduits placed underneath the floor. If the latter is impractical the equipment
may be raised up from the floor by wood spacers to provide room for the inter-
connecting wires. When this is done it is necessary to close all of the space
between the base of the amplifier and the floor so that air cannot be drawn into
the unit at this point.
R. F. Input Circuit
The input circuit of the amplifier should be connected to the output of the
transmitter by means of a length of Western Electric No. D-96800 Trans-
mission Line. A section of this line is connected to input terminals 19 and 20
and extends to the bottom of the amplifier as shown on Figure 4. The line
from the transmitter should be spliced at this point.
R. F. Output Tuned Circuit Inductance
There are four sizes of output tuned circuit inductances (L5) to cover the
complete frequency range from 30 to 42 megacycles. The correct one should
be specified when ordering (see apparatus list). When installing the coil the
lugs should be bolted to the terminals of the variable condenser (C3) and a
short length of No. 14 wire should be connected between the center tap of the
coil and the terminal on the stand-off insulator which supports the front end
of the RF choke coil (L7) located directly above the tuning inductance.
Transmission Line Current Meters
Since the output circuit is arranged so that either a high impedance (single
or double open wire) transmission line or a low impedance coaxial transmission
line can be used, two ranges of transmission line current meters are available.
0-3 ampere meters for transmission lines of approximately 500 ohms or 0-5
ampere meters for transmission lines of approximately 70 ohms impedance
should be specified when ordering. To install these meters it is necessary to
remove the meter panel heat shield inside the amplifier and the front glass
meter protecting panel. The heat shield is held in place by six screws around
its periphery and the glass panel by three flat head screws located in the upper
jamb of the glass paneled observation doors. These panels should be replaced
after the meters are installed.
Second Harmonic Shunt
The amplifier as supplied contains one coaxial transmission line type of
second harmonic shunt mounted on the left side wall of the cabinet and con-
nected to output terminal 18. This shunt when cut to the proper length as
described below is all that is required when a single conductor (coaxial or open
type) transmission line is used. When a two wire transmission line is used an
[ 7 1
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2I- INPUT TRANSMISSION LINE
Ì 6" I! DRILL
4 -HOLES
FRONT
BOTTOM VIEW
ANTENNA TRANSMISSION
LINE BOX
TERMINAL BLOCKS
FRONT
TOP VIEW
TERMINAL BLOCKS
ANTENNA TRANSMISSION
LINE BOX
ROLE FOR =ANTENNA
TRANSMISSION LINE
Figure 4-Dimensional Diagram
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additional second harmonic suppressor should be specified when ordering
(see Apparatus List). This shunt should be adjusted as described below,
clamped in the other side of the amplifier, and connected to terminal 17.
The suppressor should be adjusted to the operating frequency by cutting
it to the correct length. As supplied it is 86 inches long and the outer con-
ductor is notched every two inches. Remove the suppressor from the amplifier
and cut off the inner end of the spiral so that the remainder has a length as
specified on Figure 5. To do this cut through both conductors with a hack
saw so that the shunt is % inch longer than the required length and then cut
through the outer conductor alone at the prescribed point. This procedure
will enable the inner conductor to extend beyond the outer conductor. Thread
the knurled plug over the center conductor and force it into the end of the
tubing. Solder the center conductor to the plug and replace the suppressor in
the amplifier.
Transmission Line Connections
When a single conductor transmission line of the open wire or coaxial type
is used, only one coil clip in addition to the center tap on the tuning inductance
(L5) is required and the unused clip and lead should be removed from the
amplifier.
When a coaxial transmission line is used it should be run from the antenna
underneath the floor and be terminated at the junction box in the bottom of the
amplifier where the conductors should be securely spliced and soldered.
When an open wire, single or double conductor transmission line is used,
the section of "N -inch coaxial transmission line in the amplifier should be
disconnected from terminal 18. A single open wire transmission line should
be connected to terminal 18 and a two wire line to terminals 17 and 18 on top
of the amplifier.
AntennaThe length and type of the antenna to be used depends upon the radio
frequency employed, the service for which the equipment is to be used, and the
location of the transmitting site. For these reasons no specific constructional
details of the antenna are included in this bulletin.
GroundA copper strip located alongside of the terminal blocks is provided for
grounding the amplifier frame. This strip should be connected by means of a
similar strip to ground. For best results it should be connected to as good an
external ground as possible.
Transformers
The power transformer (T1) and retardation coil (L6) should be installed
after all wiring is completed. These units are shipped separately and should
be mounted as shown on Figure 1. The leads in the amplifier which connect
to these units are tagged and should be connected to the correspondingly
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30
29
2860 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80
TRANSMISSION LINE LENGTH IN INCHES 82
Figure 5-Calibration of Second Harmonic Shunt
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