Whise HA1500HD-A User manual
HA1500 HD-A® Loudspeaker
Instruction Manual
2
Table of Contents
Table of Contents..................................................................................................2
Important Information............................................................................................3
Introduction...........................................................................................................4
Controls and Inputs...............................................................................................5
Speaker placement ...........................................................................................6
Quick Start Installation ......................................................................................7
Step 1) Unpack & Check Voltage ..................................................................7
Step 2) Position .............................................................................................7
Step 3) Connections......................................................................................7
Step 4) Controls and Volume setting.............................................................8
Step 5) Power Up ..........................................................................................8
Audio configuration...............................................................................................9
Imaging .............................................................................................................9
Brightness .........................................................................................................9
Absolute Phase.................................................................................................9
What makes the Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker sound so much better?.....10
HA1500 HD-A®Electrostatic Array .....................................................................11
No more electrostatic restrictions....................................................................11
Non-curved array.............................................................................................11
Front and Rear image is identical....................................................................11
The Art of Speed - Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker.......................................12
Imaging ...........................................................................................................12
HA1500 HD-A®Balanced Woofer.......................................................................13
NTM®(Neville Thiele Method) Crossover....................................................13
PAM™ (Parametric Acoustic Modeling).......................................................13
VR/UR™ (Velocity Reflex/Ultra Reflex) .......................................................14
Troubleshooting..................................................................................................15
Specification .......................................................................................................16
Glossary..............................................................................................................18
Warranty Terms & Conditions.............................................................................19
© 2008 All rights reserved. Immersion Technologies International plc of One America Square,
Crosswell, London, United Kingdom EC3N 2SG.
3
Important Information
To ensure that you get the best possible experience from your new speakers,
please read the following points before continuing with the set up of your
speakers.
This product contains hazardous voltages inside.
DO NOT attempt to gain access to the internal workings of the loudspeaker.
• Before making or changing any connections between the speakers and your
audio equipment, ensure that both the speakers and equipment are turned off.
• If the speaker is behaving abnormally, unplug it from the wall socket and
• Any faults or problems should be referred to a qualified repair technician.
Contact your dealer for information.
• Any excessive moisture or liquid that makes contact with the speaker or its
internal workings creates a potential safety risk of fire or electrical shock.
• Do not place any liquids on or around the speaker.
• Be sure to use a properly grounded AC power source.
4
Introduction
Thank you for investing in the Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker. It represents a
leap forward in audio reproduction, and is achieved through the application of
over 18 years of experience and research into both electrostatic and
conventional electromagnetic speaker technologies.
• The Whise 1500 HD-A®electrostatic array does away with the perceived
limitations of electrostatic sound. It can achieve crystal clear sound at amazingly
high levels without distortion. The speed at which our array moves reduces inter-
modulation distortion significantly, and allows not only the details of the audio to
get out, but sets the music free by reproducing all the subtleties of the recording
environment and presenting them to you as a holographic sound stage.
• New techniques have been employed to produce a dispersion pattern that is
even and clean without resorting to curved arrays or artificial delays. This results
in a smooth and well-integrated image that the speakers practically ‘vanish’ to
your ears, and all that you are left with is an amazingly life-like sound.
• The Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker features 100 Watt amplifiers for each
array and woofer. This allows you to run the Whise 1500 HD-A® loudspeaker
from any signal-level source, without having to purchase expensive power
amplifiers for each stage. You can directly plug in your CD player, computer,
game console, or even portable music player. You can even directly plug
multichannel decoded outputs from any high definition source (DVD, SACD, Blu-
ray, HD-DVD etc) straight into the speakers. The independent subwoofers can
create a 5.2 or 7.2 or 10.2 systems when surround, rear and centre channels are
added. They are compatible with all lossless formats including Dolby TrueHD
and DTS-HD sources.
• Got your favorite amplifier? No problem! The Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker
also accepts speaker-level input for total flexibility.
• The Whise 1500 HD-A®subwoofer recreates bass with incredibly low levels of
distortion, and amazing power efficiency. Using PAM™, VR/UR™ and NTM®
digital crossovers (an acronym for the Neville Thiele Method) enables precise
control of frequency signals giving the Whise 1500 HD-A®subwoofer a
proprietary advantage over competitors with conventional alternatives.
• The PAM™ (Parametric Acoustic Modeling) technology uses acoustic modeling
and mechanical filtering techniques to control audio quality. This technology has
already won awards for its ability to remove mechanical distortion from low-
frequency reproduction.
5
Controls and Inputs
6
Speaker placement
Basic guidelines for standard stereo and multichannel surround sound
configurations are illustrated below. You may have to adjust the characteristic of
the sound to accommodate for your room shape and size, but try to ensure that
the panel portion of each speaker is a minimum of 30cm away from any nearby
walls.
7
Quick Start Installation
Since you are no doubt eager to listen to your Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeakers,
here is a fast guide to get you up and running in no time.
Step 1) Unpack & Check Voltage
Remove your new Whise 1500 HD-A® loudspeakers from the packaging.
Check the correct voltage setting on the IEC power input at the base of
the Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker has been selected.
Step 2) Position
For optimal performance place your Whise 1500 HD-A® loudspeakers
such that the rear of upper panel is at least 30 cm from any back wall.
Point the Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker inwards slightly, towards the
listening position if you wish.
They may also face straight forwards or slightly inwards if you wish to
have a larger listening area, but for the absolute optimum listening for one
person only, aim the Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker directly at the
listener.
Step 3) Connections
With your equipment turned off, connect your Whise 1500 HD-A®
loudspeakers to the equipment either via the RCA pre-amplified input or
via the loudspeaker output of your equipment.
If you choose the speaker-level connection, be sure that you connect both
loudspeakers in the same polarity (i.e. Red to +, Black to -) or else the
loudspeakers will be out of phase with each other and the sound image
will become vague and incoherent.
If your preamplifier or surround decoder system has a separate output for
bass (below 80 Hz) a separate RCA input has been provided (on the front
units), marked as SUB-in, to allow you to recombine the bass frequency
component with the rest of the audio.
See the Controls and Inputs section of this manual for more detailed
instructions.
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Step 4) Controls and Volume setting
Set each of the four knobs at the upper-right of the rear of the speaker
(fronts only) to the 12-o’clock position to begin with. You can adjust these
settings to your personal preference once you start listening to the
speakers and determine any adjustments required for the room.
Step 5) Power Up
Connect either the IEC power cable to the back of the speaker (front /
rear), and the other end into the wall socket and turn on. Make sure you
are not playing any audio when you turn the speakers on, as you will not
know what volume to expect the first time and may damage your
equipment.
The Whise logo at the front of the speaker will turn blue when there is a
signal present. The speaker will go into standby mode after 2 minutes of
zero input, and the logo will change to amber.
Congratulations! You are now ready to experience audio at its finest! Refer to the
Audio Configuration section for more information on adjusting the Whise 1500
HD-A®loudspeaker to your room and taste.
9
Audio configuration
Once your Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker are in a position you are comfortable
with, you should spend some time adjusting the bass and treble to suit both the
room you are in, and your own personal preference.
The best way of achieving this is to select a recording that you are intimately
familiar with, such as a favorite song. Select music that has a broad range of
frequency components so that you can judge where to set each of the knobs
more effectively.
Imaging
The first thing to check is that the stereo image is even and coherent. Make sure
that the components of the track such as vocals, different instruments etc are in
the places they should be within the stereo image as if you were listening to the
song on headphones.
This is especially important if you have never listened to electrostatic speakers
before, because they create a more precise, detailed and wider image compared
with conventional electromagnetic cone speakers.
Once you are satisfied that the audio imaging is correct, listen to the various
frequency components with the knobs all set to 12 o’clock.
Brightness
Now you should adjust the room brightness to your taste. It is not uncommon for
this to be somewhat lower than the normal, especially if you have a lot of
reflective surfaces in
the room. The best way to test is to clap your hands. The echo you hear is the
time delay effects and room resonances, and so this adjust feature lets you
compensate for that.
Adjust the knob until it sounds natural to your ears.
Now listen to the track with frequency adjust knobs set to their extremes, one at a
time. First set the 80 Hz adjust knob all the way up and listen, and then all the
way down and listen. Repeat this with the 250 Hz adjust knob. This will help to
give you a feel for the limits of the adjustment, and give you some idea as to
where you would prefer to listen.
Absolute Phase
If you are using your own power amplifier to connect to the Whise 1500 HD-A®
loudspeaker, you might want to experiment with Absolute Phase. This is a much
10
talked about phenomenon. Imagine you are listening to a bass drum. When the
sound gets to the speaker, the diaphragm will either move forwards first or
backwards first. There is some debate as to whether or not this makes a
difference to the sound quality, but there have been reports of subtle changes
achieved by reversing the phase on all the speakers (ensuring that they are still
in-phase). Try it out for yourself and see if you prefer it one way over the other.
It helps to remember the last time you listened to a totally live and “unplugged”
performance; conventional electromagnetic cone speakers start to seem dull in
comparison. If your initial setting is lower than the standard setting, over time you
may wish to increase this once you become accustomed to the nuances and
detail that the Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeakers offer. If you go back to listening
on conventional electromagnetic cone speakers you will appreciate just how
much of the recording was missing, and just how much additional information the
Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker recovers from the recording.
What makes the Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker sound so much better?
The techniques employed are unrivalled, and are designed to ensure that all the
frequency components are in the proper place in the time domain; harmonics and
distortion components are reduced to incredibly low levels, even at maximum
output. The result is a crisp clean sound that is incredibly complete. You can hear
details that are commonly masked, and readily identify the smooth transition
between the frequencies.
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HA1500 HD-A®Electrostatic Array
No more electrostatic restrictions
Electrostatic speakers have traditionally been known to have drawbacks.
o Poor bass response
o Low sensitivity
o Poor dispersion
o Large physical size
Different companies have tackled one or two of these issues with mixed results,
introducing artificial delays in order to simulate a point source, curving the array
in an attempt to improve dispersion and enhancing various frequencies to make
the sound appear better than it is. The Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker evolved
from over 18 years research and development and overcomes these limitations
without any compromise on sound quality.
Non-curved array
Some current generation electrostatic speakers use curved panels. Any curved
diaphragm that is non-stretchable, such as Mylar™, cannot move linearly as the
force required for forward motion differs from the force required for rearwards
motion. In addition, any motion will inherently cause a buckling of the diaphragm
surface. This non linear distortion increases greatly at lower frequencies, and this
typically results in the use of higher crossover frequencies to minimise these
problems.
Using a symmetrically flat electrostatic array, combined with the patented
mechanical techniques, ensures that the shape and size of the speaker does not
contribute to the sound. what you hear is an incredible reproduction of the
recording, and an amazing presence of the recording environment. It truly is like
being there.
Front and Rear image is identical
Uniform bi-directional speakers have a rear audio image that is identical to the
front. This has two major advantages. Firstly, rather than try and discard or
distort the rear image, it can be used to reinforce the audio, adding power to the
overall sound. It is well known that the room contributes a lot to the listening
experience. By allowing the rear audio image to propagate, the entire room is
utilised more effectively.
Secondly, the rear audio image helps to extend and enhance the sound stage,
giving it much needed depth of image that is essential in recreating a fully
dimensional reproduction of the original recording.
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The Art of Speed - Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker
Because the electrostatic diaphragm has an ultra-low mass, it can respond with
extraordinary speed, and react precisely to every change and nuance present in
an audio signal, whether live or recorded. No electromagnetic cone speaker is as
fast as an electrostatic and the Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker is the one of the
fastest loudspeakers in the market today.
What about other electrostatic loudspeakers? Independent tests using CSD
waterfall techniques to analyse spectral decay of an impulse signal were applied
resulting in a 5 times faster than those considered to be competitors to the Whise
1500 HD-A®loudspeaker, across the entire frequency range. This is not an
imperceptible difference; the quality increase is apparent resulting in a cleaner,
clearer sound and unparalleled audio. Take full advantage of the higher bit
stream rates of the latest high definition sources.
Imaging
The Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeakers major advantage is greatly improved
imaging. It provides a sound stage that is not confined by the physical position of
the speakers in the room and, depending on the recording, presents a larger
image than the room the speakers are in. That startling sound image is retained
even when moving around the room.
Other electrostatic loudspeakers do their best to simulate a point-source. This
has the effect of destroying most of the advantages that electrostatic sound
provides. The sound stage collapses, and there are artificial delays introduced
into the signal, which in turn affect the clarity of the original recording, and reduce
accuracy. The Whise 1500 HD-A®loudspeaker utilises an entirely flat array
without any adverse effect on dispersion from the physical shape of the array.
13
HA1500 HD-A®Balanced Woofer
The Whise 1500 HD-A®subwoofer recreates bass with incredibly low levels of
distortion, and amazing power efficiency. Using PAM™, VR/UR™ and NTM®
digital crossovers enables precise control of frequency signals giving the Whise
1500 HD-A®balanced subwoofer a proprietary advantage over competitors with
use conventional alternatives.
NTM®(Neville Thiele Method) Crossover
This crossover design was developed by the legendary Neville Thiele, who
helped formulate the Thiele/Small equations upon which all modern loudspeaker
design is based. It is used to handle the critical crossover region of this hybrid
speaker to give incredibly tight frequency control and a seamless transition
between the woofer and the electrostatic array.
NTM®crossovers are exact summing, steep roll off crossovers. As the name
suggests, they were invented by Neville Thiele and are protected by patents
owned by Immersion Technologies International plc.
They have the rare advantage of providing a steep roll off with low group delay
as well as a behaved phase response.
•NTM®crossovers eliminate the breadth of interference region between
bands to the extent that interference becomes negligible.
•NTM®crossovers have significantly reduced group delay variation
compared to conventional crossovers of equivalent steepness.
•In analogue implementations, NTM®crossovers have substantially lower
component counts than conventional systems of equivalent steepness.
This is because low order NTM®crossovers give steep roll offs, whereas
with conventional systems a high order crossover is required to get a
steep roll off.
PAM™ (Parametric Acoustic Modeling)
PAM™ is a computer aided modelling technique for loudspeakers. It is an
advance on all pre-existing loudspeaker simulation applications in that it
represents waveguides as distributed parameters. Superficially this may seem a
trivial advance, but it enables the simulation of impedance discontinuities to
behave correctly and thus has enormous significance for all forms of
waveguides. In particular it enables waveguides to be structured with custom
profiles for particular applications and it provides the designer with significant
flexibility to tailor the response of a loudspeaker in a predictable way.
14
PAM™ design manifests in loudspeakers as waveguides with one or more
selective impedance discontinuities. The impedance discontinuities may be a
consequence of changes in cross section, or a consequence of junctions in the
waveguide.
PAM™ can be used to make the response of a loudspeaker flat and at the same
time minimise cone excursion by inserting multiple cone minima in the pass
band. Accordingly PAM can be used as the basis of high fidelity, low distortion
loudspeakers and subwoofers. For the Whise 1500 HD-A® subwoofer, the result
is very loud bass with incredibly high efficiency, and an almost ideal frequency
response over its chosen frequency range. This technique has been employed in
all Whise high-end, professional and cinema subwoofer designs, and is praised
globally by audio professionals, including Tomlinson Holman of Lucasfilms THX
fame.
VR/UR™ (Velocity Reflex/Ultra Reflex)
VR/UR™ is a subwoofer technology originally developed for automotive
applications. VR/UR™ is an acoustically filtered infinite baffle system that has the
capability of providing quite high sound pressure levels (‘SPL’) at low frequencies
with a small enclosure size. It also has the unique advantage of providing high
SPL without causing exterior nuisance. The Whise 1500 HD-A® subwoofer is
evidence of the power of this technology.
15
Troubleshooting
No audio at all
o Check that all the connections are secure and in the right places.
o Test all cables.
o Check that all components are powered up.
o Use another speaker to test that there is a signal.
Audio from only woofer or only electrostatic panel
o Double check that sound is equalised correctly.
o Check that bass and treble adjustment knobs are set correctly.
o Likely this is an internal fault, contact your dealer for service information.
Indistinct Sound Image
o Are you using the speaker-input terminals? Check to make sure you have
wired them correctly and in-phase.
o Try adjusting the positioning or direction of the speakers.
Excessively high or low bass
o Try adjusting the 80 Hz and 250 Hz knobs.
o Try moving the speakers, test different distances from the wall.
Popping, crackling, hissing noises
o This is normal on start-up for electrostatic panels, particularly if they have not
been used for some time. Wait and see if it stops in time.
o Vacuum clean the electrostatic speaker panel. Be sure to turn the speaker off
and wait 5 minutes before proceeding.
o If sounds continue, turn speakers off, unplug and wait 30 minutes.
o If sounds continue after this your speaker may require servicing, contact your
dealer for information.
Please note: It is better to leave the loudspeakers permanently plugged into the
mains supply and switched on, as this keeps the panels dry and dust-free.
16
Specification
Frequency Response
24 - 30,000 Hz +/- 6 dB With Active Dynamic Equalization Below 50 Hz and
below 250Hz
Impulse "Waterfall" Decay Time
80 microseconds
General Topology
Electrostatic / Cone Hybrid Active Driven With a Total of 200 W Amplification
Sound Pressure Fall Off With Distance
1 dB / m
Woofer Topology
Dual 8 Inch Balanced Anti-Vibration
Distortion 50 to 300 Hz
Less Than 1%
Woofer Amplification
100 W Class A/B
Distortion Above 300 Hz
Less Than 0.7%
Electrostatic Panel Amplification
100 W Class A/B
Electrostatic Array Topology
3 Segment Non Parallel Structure, Turbulence Reduction Technology
Maximum Output Level @ 3 Meters
110 dB
Bass Control
(+/- 6 dB Below 80 Hz)
(+/- 6 dB Below 250 Hz)
Input Impedance
10 kOhm Fully Isolated
17
Room Brightness Control
+/- 6 dB Above 5 kHz
Electrostatic Panel Blend Crossover
220 Hz
Connectivity
RCA Line in ( 1 or 2 Cable ) or Speaker Level Terminal
Stereo/Multichannel Compatible
Yes
Power Supply
240/110 VAC Switchable
Weight
Approx. 37 kg
Vertical Dispersion
1100 mm Line Source
Dimension (HxWxD)
1500 x 377 x 350 mm
Horizontal Dispersion
( Stereo Mode )
30 Degrees
18
Glossary
AC power - Alternating current. Household mains power is AC.
Bass - The low frequency component of audio.
dB - Decibels, the measurement of sound intensity. A logarithmic scale, an increase of 3 db
represents a doubling of sound intensity.
Dispersion - The outgoing pattern of width from the loudspeaker.
Distortion - In audio this refers to unwanted frequency components present in the reproduced
audio, generated by the speaker itself. Refer to THD and IMD.
Equalised - When the audio is balanced across the whole frequency range.
Hybrid - In audio this refers to any speaker which uses more than one speaker technology.
Image - This is the audio ‘picture’ that is presented to you across or around the face of the
speakers.
Panel - In this case, the panel is the electrostatic portion of the speaker that provides the upper
frequencies.
Phase - The amount of load or lag one signal has over another. The human brain uses phase
information to determine location of the audio, and so out of phase sound becomes confusing
because the brain is telling you that the sound isn’t where it’s coming from, and the image
becomes blurry. Some recordings do this deliberately to simulate 3-dimensional audio.
Preamplifier - A preamplifier usually lies between the amplifier and the signal source in order to
provide volume control.
RCA - The standard connection type for signal-level audio. Stereo pairs are usually red and
white.
Speaker level -This is the audio level that comes out of an amplifier. It is usually between 20 and
80 volts.
THD / IMD - The two main types of distortion in audio – Total Harmonic Distortion which refers to
unwanted harmonic sound components, usually due to the speaker, the amplifier and the
enclosure. The second is Inter-Modulation Distortion, and is a function of the capability of the
speaker to reproduce more than one frequency at a time, such as music.
Treble - The upper frequency component of audio.
Disclaimer: All information contained in this Instruction Manual is correct at the time of
publication. The user should follow the instructions herein and contact support@iti-
plc.com for further information.
HA1500 WARRANTY TERMS & CONDITIONS
1. DEFINITIONS
1.1 These terms and conditions govern any warranty claim for the HA1500
product (“the Product”) supplied by Immersion Technologies International plc
(Company No. 5542880) (‘ITI’) to a purchaser of ITI Product (“the Buyer”)
whether modified by legislation or otherwise.
1.2 For the purpose of these terms and conditions and where the context permits:-
“ITI Authorised Service Centre” means premises that are authorised and
approved by ITI for the repair and/or replacement of ITI product as determined
from time to time by ITI.
“Standard Warranty” means the terms and conditions of this agreement.
“Standard Warranty Period” means 12 months from the date of purchase of
the Product by the Buyer.
2. GENERAL
2.1 Subject to the Standard Warranty, ITI agrees to repair or replace at ITI’s cost
the Product, and any ITI accessory supplied with it, purchased by the Buyer
from ITI or an authorized seller and identified as not performing in accordance
with ITI specifications during the Standard Warranty Period.
2.2 ITI reserves the right to replace the Product or relevant part with the same or
equivalent Product or part, rather than repair it. Where a replacement is
provided the Product or part replaced becomes the property of ITI.
2.3 ITI may replace parts with refurbished parts.
2.4 Replacement of the Product or a part does not extend or restart the Standard
Warranty Period.
2.5 In the event of a claim under this Standard Warranty, the Product must be
returned to an ITI Authorised Service Centre at the Buyer’s cost.
2.6 The Product will be at the Buyer’s risk whilst in transit to and from the ITI
Authorised Service Centre, unless transported by ITI or its authorised
representatives.
2.7 ITI and its Authorised Service Centre may seek reimbursement from the Buyer
of any costs incurred by ITI if the Product is found to be in good working order.
3. GENERAL EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS
3.1 To the full extent permitted by law, this Standard Warranty will not apply:-
a. if the Product has not been installed, operated, maintained or used in
accordance with ITI’s instructions or specifications provided with the Product;
b. if the factory-applied serial number has been altered or removed from the
Product;
c. to damage, malfunction or failure resulting from alterations, accident, misuse,
abuse, fire, liquid spillage, mis-adjustment of customer controls, use on an
incorrect voltage, power surges and dips, thunderstorm activity, acts of God,
voltage supply problems, tampering or unauthorised repairs by any persons,
use of defective or incompatible accessories, the operation of a computer
virus of any kind, exposure to abnormally corrosive conditions or entry by any
insect, vermin or foreign object in the Product;
d. to damage arising during transportation, installation or while moving the
Product, or to any transportation costs of the Product or any parts thereof to
and from you, unless otherwise specified in these warranty conditions;
e. to any third-party software or hardware not contained in the Product as
originally configured by ITI;
f. to any failure, to the extent that the failure is not a failure of the Product to
perform in accordance with its specifications.
g. to any wear and tear;
h. in commercial, business, industrial, educational or rental applications.
i. replacement or repair of any
i. consumables (including batteries and cables), or
ii. lost parts or accessories.
j. to service of any product unless returned to an ITI Authorised Service Centre.
3.2 To the full extent permitted by law ITI will not be liable for any loss, damage or
alterations to;
a. third party hardware or software; or
b. programs, data or information stored on any media or any part of the Product,
no matter how occurring; or
c. for any loss or damage arising from loss of use, loss of profits or revenue, or
for any resulting indirect or consequential loss or damage.
3.3 ITI’s aggregate liability in respect of all claims under the Standard Warranty
shall not exceed the original purchase price of the Product or, at ITI’s option,
the cost of replacing the Product.
3.4 ITI excludes all other warranties, conditions, terms, representations and
undertakings, whether express or implied.
4 SEVERABILITY
As far as possible the parties must ensure that:
a. this Standard Warranty is construed so as not to be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable;
b. if a provision of this Standard Warranty is illegal, invalid or unenforceable,
then that provision is read down to the extent necessary to ensure that it is not
illegal, invalid or unenforceable and so as to give it a valid operation of a
partial character; and
c. if a provision or part of it cannot be read down, then that provision or part is
deemed to be void and severable and the remainder of this Standard
Warranty continues to be valid and enforceable.
5 NOTICES
A notice must be in writing and delivered to the other party by post, facsimile, email
or delivery by hand.
6 JURISDICTION
This Standard Warranty shall be governed by the laws of the United Kingdom and
each party submits to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State or Territory in which
the Product is sold.
7 TIME
Time shall be of the essence.
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