ACE RC micropro8000 User manual

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mlcropro8000
Poge #2 So odvqnced, it's simple.

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
l.
t!. INTRODUCTION
cETTING TO KNOW YOUR micropro......................4
A. The Batteries: Charging and Changing...........4
B. The RF Deck...... ........4
C. The Two micropro Modes .............5
D. The micropro LCD Display ...........5
ilt. THE RUN MODE .............5
A. Dual Rates --.............. _.._......5
2. Pre-Programmed Mlxing 6
6
6
E. ManualTrim
F. Voltmeter
l. Throttle Preset
J. Setting Engine
K. Throttle Trim Cn Options
ft Memorl
L. Eight Aircraft Memory .-.................8
IV. THE CALIBRATE MODE 8
9
A. Glossary ol Terms:....
B. Selectlng the Alrcraft ....................9
C. Calibratlng the Servos ................10
1. Setting Neutrals, Normal and Dual Rate
Endpoints, and Trim o/o .............................. 10
2. Saving the Settings
3- Turnino on Default I
12
3. Turning on Default Settings......................14
Mixing ......................14
1. lnlroductlon to Mixing ..........14
a. Dellnlng the "FROM" and "TO"
Channels.... .-.---------..-----..15
b. The Mking Matrix ..........15
c. The Zero Mix Point 15
15
d. Absolute Mixing
2. Setting the Mixing Values .........................15
3. Setting Mix Switches.... 16
V.
4. Mixing Examples... ................17
E. Setting the Expo Values. ............19
F. Enabling Pre-Programmed Mixing ..................19
1. Aileron Differential ................20
2. V-Tail ......----.......2O
3. Elevons ------.......21
SPEC|AL FUNCTIONS .......................21
A. BatteryTlmer .-.----... ...........--........21
B. Flight Timer.......... ........................21
C- Reading AutoTrim Values ...........22
D. Changing the AutoTrim Slew Speed/Dlsabllng
AutoTrlm :.................22
E. Selecting Throttle Trim TYPo ,a
F. Selecting NumbEr of Channels Outputted......23
G. The "Center Servos" Fsature..........................23
vt. SoFTWARE uPGRADES......................................23
vil. THE "SET JOYSTICKS" ROUTINE--.....................24
VIII. INITIALTZING A NEW EPROM AND READING THE
A/D CONVERTERS.......... ................24
tx. HS232INTERFACE OPTION..-.... ......25
x. coNcLUSloN........... ..........................26
I. INTRODUCTION
Both the hardware and software for the
micropro 8000 transmitter havebeen developed
by Emulation Electronics, in conjunction with
Ace R/C, and is manufactured under license
agreement between the two parties. We would
like to thank Marty and Tom Hendrickson of
Emulation Electronics for their considerable
talents and total commitment to this project.
WARNING AND DISCLAIMER: Improper use
ofthis unitmaycause serious personal injuryto
yourself, to others, or result in properby damage.
The user is urged to read and understand the
information contained before operating the
equipment. Prudent and reasonable conduct
when operating this radio system is requested by
the manufacturer.
Ace R/C, Inc. assumes no responsibility for
accident, inJury, property damage, or death in-
curred as a result of any use of this equipment
whatsoever. The user accepts the responsibility
to comply with all safety requirements, includ-
ing, but not limited to, those established by all
federal, state, and local governmental agencies,
the regulations of the FCC (Federal Communica-
tions Commission) Part 95, and to abide by the
rules and recommendatlons of all non-govern-
mental bodies related to the use of this equip-
ment. including, but not lirnited to, those set
forth by the Academy of Model Aeronautics.
You are about to embark on an exciting
adventure in radio control technologr. The
micropro SOOO ls an R/C transmitter that pos-
sesses the awesome power of modern micropro-
cessor computer-controlled circuitry, coupled
wittr software that has been developed and re-
Ilned to apointwhereyou, the user, canharness
the power of the computer with ease, comfort,
and simplicity. You will soon flnd out this
transmitter is so advanced, it's simple.
With this system, you wlll not be intimidated
by the complodty and power you are about to
unleash at your fingertips: you will only enjoy
the advantages brougtrt to you by state-of-the-
art electronics and American ingenuity and
thought that has made Ace R/C a leader in R/C
since 1953. Don't be afraid to orplore all of the
possibilities of the micropro system. At every
step of the way, we have installed the capability
foryou to recalibrate or clearwhateveryou have
done so you can get back to 'square one" and
start over. Wtren dealingwith the programming
of the system, you can't "break" anSrthing, so
don't hesitate to ocperiment.
Poge #3

These instructions assume that you are an
erperienced R,/C'er and know the basic opera-
Uon of a typical radio control system. We will
only provide the speciflc tnformation necessary
for set-up and use of the micropro transmltter.
Nomenclature used will be for flxed wing air-
planes: if you are using the transmitter in some
other application, you will need to translate
accordi:e$y.
One thing we ask of you: PLE \SE READ THE
INSTRUCTIONS thoroughly before you pick up
the phone and call us with a question. Hope-
fully, all questions have been covered: but, it
may take a bit of reading and orperimenting on
your part.
II. GETTING TO KNOW
YOUR micropro
A. The Batteries: Charging and
Changing
Your micropro transmitter is equlpped with
rechargeable 8OO mah/9.6v (etght cell) ni-cd
batteries. Under normal operation, you can
orpect four to six hours of operation from the
batteries before needing recharging. If you have
purchased a transmitter by itself, a suitable
charger will need to be obtained to charge the
batterles and the furnished 0.10" pin charge
plug will need to be installed (Ace P/N CCO84).
Refer to Illustration I for hookup. Make sure you
malntaln proper polarity. Heat shrlnk tubtng ts
provided to insulate the solder connections.
Technically, the overnight charge rate for the
8OOmAhbatteries is SOma for 12- 14hours, but
there is some leeway here for successful charg-
ing. Most chargers furnlshed with a radio sys-
tem charges the transmitter at 5O ma (which
would be the case if you bouglrt a complete
system). At the standard 50 ma rate, you will
need to charge the batteries 24-36 hours for the
initial charge, and about 18-20 hours for all
subsequent charges. The transmitter should be
recharged after each flying session or, if the unit
hasn't been charged in over a week, it should be
recharged before use.
If you have a variable rate charger, you can
Poge #4
charge the batteries at the overnight charge rate
(8O ma) and ttrey will be fully charged in I2-I4
hours. (Charge 24 hours on thevery first charge
cycle.)
Note: at the overnight charge rate or less,
leaving the batteries on for a couple of days won't
hurt anything, so don't worry if you forget to
unplug batteries after the prescribed tJme.
If you want more lnformatlon on the care of
Ni-cd batterles, Ace has a 'Battery Baslcs'video
tape (Ace P/N SOG1 l) or written Ni-cd Data
Sheet (free, send a S,\SE) which orplains the
details of nt-cds including cycling. We manufac-
ture a whole line of nt-cd chargi:eg and rycling
equipment to fit any need. Call us for details.
Because of the multiple airplane memory
and the possible need for more operation than
the batteries can supply, your micropro has a
removable, replaceable, "quick-change" battery
pack.
To access this pack, as well as the RF Deck
(see next section), the transmltter has a snap{n
back. Just press lre on the stdes ofthe transmttter
and the back will easily come off. Do so, and
notice that the batteries are connector wired
with a three pin Deans connector palr and are
attached to the back with Velcro. To remove,
simply unplug and peel the pack off the back.
Additional battery packs are avallable from Ace
R/C (P/N 38K8OOM), or you can make up your
own serles wired 8 cell nt-cd packs with a Deans
3 pin female connector, heat shrtnk tubing or
electrical tape, and readily avatlable self-adhe-
sive Velcro. Please don't attempt to make up
your own packs unless you are con_fldent you
have the tools and capabilities to do so.
After you have installed a freshly charged
pack, carefully snap the back on, making sure
the pack and BOTH RF Deck connectors arc
securely plugged tn.
NOTE: this transmitter's memory ls 'non-
volatile"; that means that loss of battery power
through discharge or disconnection doesn't af-
fect anything so don't worry about losing your
set-ups by disconnecting the batteries, lt won't
happen.
B. The RF DecK
The portion of the micropro transmitter that
broadcasts the commands to the receiver ts the
RF Deck. It is on a specific frequency or channel
as indicated on frequency plate that is orposed
on the outside of the back. The crystal in the RF
deck is also liabeled with the frequency/channel.
The RF Deck is attached to the transmitter's
snap-onbackbymeans of two 2-56bolts, which
also hold the frequenry plate in pliace. TWo
WRE = POSITIVE (+)
CHARGE PLUG

Deans connectors (a two and three pin) make the
electrical connections. Wtren plugging these
connectors back in, make sure you observe the
proper polarity on the three pin connector; the
two pin connector has no polarity and doesn't
make any difference how it is plugged in.
Additional RF Decks are available from Ace
R/C. (P/N 11G9M)
C. The Two micropro Modes
Your micropro runs in two basic Modes:
RUN and CALibrate. You will have the trans-
mitter in the RUN Modewhenyou are flyingand
in the CAlibrate mode when you are setting up
the transmitter for a particular airplane. The
mode is determined by the RUN/CAL switch
located behind the antenna. For safety, this
switch is a locking type switch; the bat on the
switch has to be lifted to be able to switch
between ttre two modes.
D. The micropro LCD Display
The LCD digitat display on the front of the
transmitter is your communlcations link
throughout your micropro experience. It will tell
you all you need to know about using and setting
up this transmitter and will displayyour lnterac-
tions with the transmitter as you program its
powerful computer.
As we proceed through the instructlons, we
will show you how the display reacts to your
inputs.
III. THE RUN MODE
VOLTMETER & BAfi. TIMER AIRCRAFT SELECTED
ll,lU $3--ll ll 0:[0
MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 FLIGHT TIMER
In the RUN mode, you have a ma:dmum of
eight channels of command available to you.
The normal four stick channels (three neutraliz-
lng and one racheted): Elevator (Ch. l), Aileron
(Ch. 2), Rudder (Ch. 3), and Throttle (Ch. a);
Channel 5, which is a two position switch nor-
mally used for retracts; Channel 6 and 7, which
are proportional levers, and Channel8, a three
position switch. If you are operating a seven
channel receiver, Channel8, when used with the
mixer function, can be used to give you presets
for various purposes which we'll cover later.
If for any reason, you wish the transmitter to
broadcast less than eight channels, it can be
changed to 4, 5, 6, or 7. If less than eight
channels are selected, the switches or levers that
normally control those functions are simply
ignored unless you use the unused channel as a
Mix'FROM" channel. Thatwillbe ocplained ttre
Special Functions section of the instructions.
Other features t]lat are available in the RUN
mode are:
A. Dual Rates
Dual rates allow the user to have two different
sensitivities on the three neutralDing stick
controls (Elevator/Aileron/Rudder.) Each pri-
mary control stick has a toggle switch associated
with it that allows the user to select eittrer rate.
The rates are determined by the endpoints that
are set in the C,Alibration routine.
The dual rate can be either less than, equal
to, or more than the normal rate, depending on
your preference. If exponential rate is enabled,
itwill be turned onwhen ttre switch is in the up
position.
B. Exponential Rates
THE EXPONENTIAL CURVE
E>rponential Rate ls exponential currring of
stick travel versus servo motion. On the three
neutralizing channels, exponential rate'soft-
ens' or desensitizes the stick around neutral.
Whenyou are flyingwith the exponential rate on.
movements of the stick around neutral will
result in little servo motion. With experience,
erponential rate makes it much easier to fly
smoothly when flytng sensitive airplanes.
s
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o
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Poge #5

Exponential rate on the throttle stick desen-
sitizes the stick at low throttle so stick movement
versus RPM response can be more of a one-to-
one relationship because most carburetors have
non-linear response.
The amount of oqponential rate is deter-
mined for each channel in the CAlibrate mode.
It can be set from "O" (which is ofO to "9' (whtch
is the most available). On the three neutralizing
channels, the Dual Rate switches serve double
duty and will engage or disengage o<ponenttal
rate. When the dual rate switch is in ttre up
position, ttre orponential rate curve you have
chosen is turned on. T?re endpoints of servo
travelwill remaln the same as theynormally are
for this switch position.
If exponential rate is enabled for throttle, lt is
always on.
C. Mixing
1. Universal Mixing
The micropro offers totally universal mldng.
You will ffnd when you get to Midng in the
calibration section of the iestructions, you can
program limifless midng capabtlities for any
imaginable requirement.
Up to twelve mldng tasks can be assigned to
mi:dng switches in order to have the capabilityof
turnlng the mixing tasks on or off. Essentially,
there are three mldng switches. "Mix I' and
*J&fixz" switches are accessible in normal opera-
tion and can be turned on and off as desired.
"Mix 3' is always ON. You will assign mfdng
tasks to *Mlx 3" that you never want to turn off
when you are flying. Up to four mldng tasks can
be assigned to each of the three switches for a
total of twelve.
(Note: tf you want to be able to turn'Mix 3"
on or off, it can be done by installing another
switch in the transmitter. Contact the factory for
details.)
The LCD Display wtll indicate the status of
ttre mixing switches. If an "M' appears in the
"Mix 1", "Mix 2", or "Mix 3" locatlons, that
particular switch ls on. You wlll note that the
'M' is always displayed for "Mix 3', indicating
that it is always on.
2. Pre-Programmed Mixing
As a short cut, there are ttrree mfidng func-
Uons that are pre-programmed in your micropro
that you can access. All of these are always on
and not affected by the mixing switches.
Aileron Differential: Thls feature allows you
to control the amount of up versus down travel
on each individual aileron in order to do away
with the adverse yaw caused by the ailerons
moving downward, particularly in $iders and
high winged powered planes.
V-Tail: This feature mixes elevator into rud-
der and ru dder back into elevator for a a/-Tailed"
airplane appltcation.
Elevon: The best orample of Elwon mi:dng is
a delta winged airplane tllat uses the two control
surf,aces at the rear or the wing for both pitch
(elevator) and roll (ailerons).
D. AutoTrim
AutoTrim allows you to trim ttre aircraft by
only using a push button switch and not removing
your hands from the sticks. AutoTflm is activated
by pushing theAUTO TRIM switch which moves
the servos in the same direction in which the
sticks are displaced from neutral. This movement
of the servos will be at a slow and controlled rate
(this is called slewtng) so there will be no quick
movement of the aircraft. AII three neutralizing
channels (Elerzator/Aileron/Rudder) are effected
by AutoTrim if their stick is displaced.
For gross trimming on the inittal fltght of a
new, out-of-trim model, displace tJe sticks as
necessary to fly the model 'straigf,rt and level'
and press the auto-trim swltch. .ds you continue
to fly the airplane straight and level with the
auto-trlm button pushed, you will notice ttrat
eventually, the sticks will be in ttre neutral
position as the airplane flys tn the desired atti-
tude.
After the plane is rougfily trimmed by this
method, the best way to "fine tune" the AutoTftm
is to start with the control in neutral, push tlre
ALIO TRIM switch, and then *bump" ttre re-
spective control a few times ln the direction you
want to move the servo to get it ireto a trimmed
position. Youwillbesurprisedathowquickly
this unique method of trimming will become
second nature to you while flying.
The amount of offset from neutral the
AutoTrim feature has created can be read and
ttren incorporated as a new neutral, or you can
mechanically trim the airplane with tts linkage
and return to the transmltter's normal neutral
by zeroing out the AutoTfim. We wtll explatn
either procedure in the CAlibrate secflon of the
manual.
The speed at which the servos "slew" can be
controlled. Also, if d esired, the AutoTf im feature
can be turned off. See the section on Changing
the AutoTfim Slew Speed in the CAlibrate secl
tion.
Poge #6

E. Manual Trim
BesidesAutoTFim, your micropro is equipped
with normal, manual trims for the four primary
stick channels: Elevator, Aileron, Rudder, and
Throtfle. The sensitivity of the trim levers is
programmable in the Servo Calibration menu of
the CAlibrate mode from Oo/o to 5oolo of the
normal throw and there are two options on the
throttle trim which will be discussed later.
As it comes, your micropro is set up in the
"cross-trim" configuration: i.e., elevator and ai-
leron trims are on the left side of the transmitter
and controlled byyour left hand and the rudder
and throttle trims are on the right side of the
transmitter and controlled by your right hand.
This allows you to trim the airplane without
removing your hand from the control stick.
Ifyou want a different mechanical configura-
tion for your trims, it is a simple matter of
swapping connectors. Remove the back from the
transmitter, unplug the RF Deck and batteries,
and set the back aside. Look at the upper left
hand corrrer of the encoder PC board and ob-
serve the four connectors that are plugged into
the board; these connectors arewlred to the trim
levers. Note that the PC board is marked -ELV,
AIL, RUD, and THT." If you want to convert to
"standard trim," simply swap ttre ELV and THT
connectors and the AIL and RUD connectors.
When ptugging them back in, make sure you
maintain ttre proper polarity: i.e., the red rvire
should always be on the left. There ls another
check for proper polarity. Look on the bottom of
the connector and observe the '1" stamped into
the plastic. When it is plugged in, the * 1" should
correspond wift the pin that is marked with a
small vertical line printed on the PC board.
Now reinstall the back, MAKING SURE you
plug BOTH connectors into the RF deck and the
battery pack is plugged in.
NOTE: ifyou have swapped the trims around,
you must perform the Set Joysticks routine.
(Section VII.)
F. Voltmeter
The LCD Display normally shows the voltage
of the micropro's eigfrt cell ni-cd battery pack,
depending on the state of charge ofthebatteries.
Normal operating voltage will be over I lV when
thebatteries are freshly charged and 9.6Vis tl.e
minimum operating voltage. When the voltme-
ter goes below 9.6V, the batteries are becoming
discharged, and a new pack needs to be installed
or the existing pack needs to be recharged.
When the batteries reach 9.6V, the voltmeter
display starts to blink andwhen thevoltage goes
down to a dangerous level, (9.4V) the audio
alarm sounds continuously to warn you to stop
operation immediately.
G. Battery Timer
You also have a Battery Timer that will tell
you how many minutes the transmitter has been
on since the last time the batterles were charged.
It is not automatic and has to be reset in the
Special Functions menu of the CAlibrate mode
whenyou rechargethebatteries in orderto do its
Job. Instructions will follow.
To display the Battery Timer, push the
AutoTrim button when the transmitter is in ttre
RIIN mode and all the stlcks are at rest ln
neutral. Now the display will show the Battery
Timer instead of the Voltmeter. It is shown in
minutes from OOO to 999. To return to the
Voltmeter mode, push the Auto-him button
again and the Voltmeter will be displayed.
H. Flight Timer
The micropro has a "count-up' or a'count-
down" flight timer which is displayed on the
LCD. You determine which conliguratlon in the
Special Functions menu of the CAlibrate mode.
To activate the flight timer in the RUN mode,
click the Option Switch once to start the clock,
again to stop the clock (display wiU blink), and
again to clear the clock.
In the "count-down" mode, theAudio Alarm
will alert you as you reach zero as follows: at one
minute, it will beep three times: at 3O seconds,
itwill beep twice; at 1O seconds, itwill beep once:
and, at 5 seconds, it w'ill beep each second until
it reaches zero.
l. Throttle Preset
When pushed and held, the throttle preset
button will move the throttle servo to a pre-
programmed setting. This feature is designed
primarilyto ldll tle engine upon command. Or,
it can take the throttle channel servo to any
setting desired for whatever purpose: for ex-
ample, it maybe a preset flap or spoiler position
for $iders. It is programmed in the CAlibrate
mode.
Poge #7

J. Setting Engine ldle in the RUN
Mode
A handy feature of the micropro is that you
can set the LO throttle endpoint while in the RUN
mode. With this feature, you can have the engine
running and easily set the engine's idle RPM
without having to go into the CALibrate mode.
To do so, while in the RUN mode, push and hold
the AutoTrlm button first and then the Throttle
Preset button, in that order. While still holding
both buttons down, 'slew" the throtfle servo
higher or lower using the elevator stlck. (Refer to
the CAL instructlons to deflne the "slewing'
technique; it will become automatlc as you learn
to use the micropro.) CAUTION: this process
must be done while the plane is on the ground
and while someone is holding the airplane be-
cause all the other functions are deactivated
while using this feature. Be sure to depress the
switches i:r the proper order: Iirst ttre AutoTflm
and then ttre Throttle Preset button; when you
release them, the transmttter will return to the
normal run mode with only the throttle servo LO
endpoint being affected, nothing else.
To summarize:
1. Push and hold AUTO TRIM.
2. Then push and hold PRESET.
3. Slew throttle servo with ELEVATOR
STICK.
4. Release both buttons, keeping the
throttle stick at idle.
K. Throttle Trim Options
In the Special Functions menu of the GAL
mode, you can determine which of two options
are turned on for the throttle trim function; they
are elther:
l. The'T" (throtfle trtm) option, which causes
the throttle trim lever to be effectlve only while
the ttrottle stick is in the LO throttle position.
That way, the HI throttle endpoint settlng stays
the same, no matter what the throttle trlm lever
position is.
2. Or, the *N" (normal trim) mode, whtch
allows the throttle trim lever to be effective
throughout the entire throttle stick movement.
L. Eight Aircraft Memory
The micropro 8OO0 has ttre conslderable
ability to program eight different aircraft: AIl of
the flight parameters for a particular airplane
are stored away in memory, and are recalled by
the SELECTAIRCRAFT# menu in the CAlibrate
mode. When in the RUN mode, the aircraft
Poge #8
number selected is displayed on the LCD.
M. The Audio Alarm
The micropro 8OO0 is equipped with an audio
alarm which "beeps" when certain things hap-
pen.
One, when you switch from the RIIN mode into
the CALibrate mode, the alarm will beep three
times to tell you that you are gotng lnto a
different mode. Also, if the transmltter is in the
GAlibrate modewhenyou turn it on, itwill beep
three times to warn you that you are not in the
proper mode to fly with the transmitter.
TWo, whenthebatteries reach a dangerously
low voltage level (9.4V), the alarm emlts a con-
stant beep and operation should be ceased as
soon as possible.
Three, in the countdown mode, the Audio
Alarm gives an alert of when the countdown is
reaching the end. It will beep three times when
the timer reaches one minute, turice at 3O sec-
onds, once at lO seconds and once every second
from 5 seconds to zero.
IV. THE CALIBRATE MODE
All the programming is done ln the CALibrate
mode. You enterthe CAlibrate modebymoving
the RIIN/CAL switch to CAL. As a safety mea-
sure, you will have to ltft the swttch lever to get it
to move. Whenyou go into the CAlmodewtth the
transmitter on, the Audio Alarm will beep three
times. If you are alreadytn tl e CALmodewhen
you turn the transmitter on, the alarm will also
beep three times.
A menu system will verbally guide you through
the calibratlon procedure by displaylng your
actions on the LCD, making the setup easy.
You wlll be learnlng three basic moves which
wlll be almost all you need to know to unleash the
power of your micropro:
-Topagethrough the menu leftand right, you
move ttre aileron stick left and right.
A
I
-T
++L
-To move deeper into or out of the
structure, you click the option button.

'GL[CK'
-To increase or decrease ttre calibration val-
ues, you move the elevator stick up or down.
Another aid to calibration of the micropro is
the Flow Chart. This Flow Chart is your road map
to the micropro system. It guides you to a par-
ticular point in the CAlibrate mode where you
might want to go; or, it will tell you how to get out
of a particular spot if you are lost. Once you gain
famitiarity with the system, you will ffnd that if
you need to refer to the instmctions at all, you
will only need to look at the Flow Chart.
In the process of set-up, you can have the
receiver in the airplane turned on and actually
watch the servos react to your inputs. Thatway,
you can correlate actual servo motion to what
you will see displayed.
Another feature of this transmitter that is a
help in set-up, is the ability to, upon command,
move all ttre servos to their center of travel, no
matter what. That simplifles things when you are
mechanically setting up a given airplane.
A. Glossary of Terms:
ABSOLUTE MDilNG: Available only when the
"FROM" mixing channel is a neutralizing chan-
nel. It causes the'TO" channel to be affected in
the same direction by the "FROM" channel, no
matter which way the *FROM" channel stick is
deflected from neutral.
DIGITAL PULSE METER (DPM): The display of
the actual pulse width being transmitted to the
receiver measured in milliseconds. The width of
the pulse determines servo posiUon. Normal
operation is 1.5O ms neutral I O.O5 ms. The
micropro will not transmit beyond O.8O and 2. 1O
ms.
"FROM" CFIANNEL: The channel that provides
the input from which mixing occurs. Also known
as the "master" channel.
PAGE RIGHT OR LEFT: Move the aileron stick off
neutral to the right or left and return to neutral.
This will change the menu page displayed to the
tr
ELV
next page either right or left.
SLEU/UP ORDOWN: Move the elevator stick off
neutral upwards or downward and hold. The
number being displayed will increase or decrease
until the stick is returned to neutral.
SLEWING SERVOS: When the computer "slews"
a servo, it moves in a smooth, slow manner that
prwents abrupt adjustments.
'TO" CFIANNEL: The channel that gets mixed to
by the stick input of the "FROM" channel. Also
known as the "slave" channel.
TOGGLE RIGFII OR LEFT: Move the aileron or
the rudder stlck off neutral either right or left and
return to neutral. This will cause a particular
item on the display to change to the next item.
TOGGLE UP ORDOWN: Move the elevator stick
offneutral eitherupward or downward and return
to neutral. This will cause a particular item on
the display to change to ttre next item.
ZERO MIX POINT: The "FROM' channel's posi-
tion when no mixing occurs. It is in neutral on
the three neutralizing channels. On the non-
neutralizing channels, it can be set for either the
upward, downward, or middle position of the
switch or lever. It is selected by pushing the
AI-[O TRIM button in the SET MDilNG VALUE
menu.
B. Selecting the Aircraft
We use ttris procedure to select the aircraft
(# I through #8) for the purposes of flying it in the
RUN mode or setting it up in the CAlibrate mode.
It will serve as your first exercise in using the
micropro's powerful features; refer to the FIow
Chart as you progress.
Begin by turning the transmitter on and
switch into the CALmode. The followingwill be
displayed:
$ELEII HIFCHHFT S
You are at kvel One in the menu structure
and on Page One.
Now, using ttre aileron stick, "Page Right"
ttrrough this level of the menu. To do this, simply
move the aileron stick to the right and return to
neutral. Note that the displayhas changed to the
next page in the menu. Repeat again and again
Poge #9

until you come back to SELECT AIRCRAFT#.
Nowf6r exercise, "Page Left" throu$h this level of
the menu. To do thls, move ttre aileron stick to
ttre left and return to neutral. Repeat until you
return to SELECT AIRCRAFT#. Visualize this
level of the menu as a continuous loop that you
can move right or left in by using the aileron s tick.
You have just learned one of the basics of
micropro operationt
Now, learn the second basic by clicking the
OPTION button while the display reads SELECT
AIRCRAFT# whichwill moveyou deeper into the
menu structure which we call Level TWo.
The display reads:
HIHIHHFT l'l|Jll = I
C. Calibrating the Servos
1. Setting Neutrals, Normal and Dual
Rate Endpoints, and Trim 7o
The second page in Level One of the menu
structure lets you set up ttre servos for each ofthe
transmitter's eight channels. Ttre parameters
are: both endpoints of servo travel (including the
dual rate switch settings): the neutral position:
and, the sensitivity of the manual trim lever for
the four stick channels. What is traditionally
known as "servo reversing" is performed when
you set endpoints. We rvill cover each one in
detail.
Go into the CAL mode and SELECT AIR-
CRAFT # appears. Page Rigltt to:
IHL I EHHTE 5ERUO5
Click the OPTION button to move to Ievel Tlvo
and the following wtll appear:
ELEUHTOH
Now, with the aileron stick, Page Right and
Left through LwelTWo of the CALIBRATE SERVO
menu page to familiarize yourself with this tevel.
Note that we cover all eight channels, plus a
"SAVE NEW VALUES', an "EXIT TFIIS MENU",
and an'INITIALIZE SERVO" function. We will
cover each of these tn detail.
Note: If you want to odt this level of the menu
for any reason, you c€ul do so two ways. One,
page to the E)flTTHIS MENU function and click
the option button; you will move back up to Level
One of the menu. The other way is to simply
switch the RUN/CAL switch back to RIIN.
Return to:
You will now learn the third basic of calibration
which is to "Slew' the displayed value up or
down. To do this, move the elevator stick upward
from neutral and hold. Watch the AIRCRAFT
NUM increase in value up to 8 and then loop
around to I and continue to increase. Release
the sttck to neutral and note that the number
stays the same. Now move the stick downward
and hold, watching the number decrease in
value. It too, continues to loop around until you
neutralize the stick.
With the desired aircraft number displayed,
click the OPTION button to move back upward in
the menu stmcture to Level One and watch the
display read once again:
SELECT HIHIHHFT S
InJust a few minutes, you have just learned
almost alt you need to know about the calibration
procedure for your micropro! Easy, wasnt it?
The same basic moves will serve you throughout
the micropro experience.
In orderto retum to the RUNmode, slmply
swttch back to the RUN mode whlle ln Itvel
One of the menu structure and you are ready
for operatlon.
ELEUHT[F
There is a Third Level to t]-e CALIBRATE
SERVOS menu. Click the OPTION button to go
to ttre Level Three. The following is displayed:
Poge #10

SET IH ELU I ,9[
Now, Page Right and Left to see the four
parameters that we will set at tl.is level: SETDN
(down) ELV, SET UP ELV, SET NU (neutral) ELV,
and SETMTRIM (manual trim)= 25o/o. Return to
SET DN ELV.
As you would surmise, we are now ready to set
the elevator servo's endpoint of travel for full
down elevator. We will set this endpoint for both
dual rate switch positions.
You will now be using an important feature of
the micropro system, the Digital Pulse Meter
(DPM) which is displayed on the right side of the
LCD. It is a display of the actual pulse width of
the signal being sent by the transmitter. It
dictates servo position and is measured in mil-
liseconds. With most systems, neutral is nor-
mally 1.50 ms. (Futaba G AM is 1.31 ms).
Generally, throw on both sides of neutral is O.5O
ms (1.0O ms to 2.OO ms.) No matter what, the
micropro limits out at O.8O ms at one extreme
and 2.10 on the other and will not ever transmlt
beyond these extremes. Don't let these numbers
alarm you. Dealing with them will soon become
second nature and you will ftnd having a Digital
Pulse Meter (DPM) displayed makes set-up a
breeze.
sET UP ELU t I ,90
Now, let's discuss the dual rate switch. Flip
the ELV D/R switch "up" and observe that an
*up' arrow appears on the display, indicating the
dual rate switch position. Wtratever servo travel
endpoint you program into the micropro will be
the one that occurs when the dual rate is up,
whether that be more than, equal to, or less than
the endpoint programmed for the "down" switch
position. Now, flip the switch down and watch
the arrow disappear.
Once again, the display should read:
SET t]H ELU I,9[
Using the elevator stick, "sled'the endpoint
setting for DN elevator. The Digital Pulse Meter
(DPM) will increase in value when you move the
elevator sUck upward and visa versa. Note that
the DPM limits out at 0.8O and 2.1O ms. Also,
note that as you displace the stick more and more
from neutral, the speed that the DPM changes
increases. When you return tl e stick to neutral,
the DPM stops changing.
Now turn the recelver on. trratch the
elevator serro as you use the elevator stick to
change the endpolnt settlng. It wtll move ln
dlrect relatlonshlp to the DPM dtsplay. "Slew"
the servo untllyouget the deslredposltlon for
fuIl down elevator. Note the DPM. It should
dtsplay a number that ls close to elther 1.OO
or 2.(X).
That's all there is to it! You have just set the
'down' elevator endpoint.
SET DH ELU t H,HH
Flip the elwator dual rate swttch up and note
ttrat ttre arrou/ is displayed. Set the desired
amount of 'down' elevator for this swttch posi-
flon. It can be greater ttran, the same as, or less
than the endpointforthe'down" dual rate switch
position.
SET UH ELU t*H,HH
We will now discuss another feature of the
micropro that is available for all three neutralizing
channels (elevator, aileron, and rudder). If you
wantthe other endpointsettingto be thesame on
the other side of neutral (equal throw), you can do
so by pushing the AutoTrim button while in this
menu. An (*) will appear on the display. Thts tells
the computer to position the UP endpoint an
equal amount away from neutral as the DN
endpolnt, no matter what the UP endpoint set-
ting may show on the display when in the SET LIP
ELV menu. To turn this feature off, push the
AutoTrim button again, and observe that the (*)
disappears.
Note that this setting is independent of the
Dual Rate switch. Ifyou want ttris feature in the
Dual Rate mode, you will need to turn it on by
pressing the AutoTrim button while the dual rate
switch is up and the'up" arrowis displayed. This
allows you the ultimate in versatilit5r.
Poge #11

SET UP ELU I,I[
Enter thls menu by paging right from SETDN
ELV. You are now ready to set the "IJP" elevator
servo endpoint setting by slewing the DPM up or
down wlth the elevator stick. The procedure is
ocacily the same as the "SET DN ELV- except, of
course, you are setting the UP elevator endpolnt
instead of the DOWN endpoint.
SET HU ELU I.5t]
This ls tl:e next menu availiable by paging
right from SETUP ELV. It, as the menu implies,
sets the elevator seruo's neutral position. Usu-
ally, this setting should stay at I . 5O ms. ( l. 3 I ms
if you are usi:rg Futaba G servos.)
If you have used the AutoTffm feature and
want to permanently store the new neutral set-
Ung, tJris is where you will do that. We will
describe how to do that when we cover the Special
Functions menu page.
ELU NTHIIl 25$
Thls menu is one page right from the SET NU
ELV and is used to set the sensiilvity of the
manual trim lever for elevator. It is orpressed in
terms of a percentage of the normal stlck throw.
In ottrer words, if it is set at 25o/o, full excursion
of the trim lever will b e 25o/o of normal sttck travel.
It is slewed up and down with the elerrator stick
and limits out at @/o and 5Oo/o.
You can page right and left through the Third
Level of this menu untll you have the elevator
servo set up as desired. When satisfled, "click"
the option button to return to the Second Level:
ELEVATOR will be displayed.
2. Saving the Settings
NOTE: Nonc of your settlngs wtll be saved
untll you gio to the SAVE NEWVALUES menu.
We will cover that now.
SHUE HElJ UHLUES
As you can see from the Flow Chart, SAVE
NEWVALTiES is an important page in the Second
Level of the CALIBRATE SERVOS menu. Here
you will save the settings thatyou have inputted
into the micropro. Nothing you have done will be
permanently stored until you do so wittr thds
operation. While in the Second Lerzel of tlle
CALIBRATE SERVOS menu, page left or right
untilyou reach the SAVE NEWVALUES display.
You don't have to save for each change you make;
you can make several changes and save them all
at once.
Important: When you perform the SAVE
NEWVALUES routine, anyneutral offset caused
by the AutoTrim feature will be zeroed out. Ifyou
want to permanently tnstall the neutral that the
AutoTfimhas produced, youwillhave to read the
offset value in the SPECLAL FUNC(tions) menu
under READ ATRIM VALUE, then increase or
decrease NEIJTRAL by that amount. Thls will be
covered in more detail later.
Now "click' the option button and the following
is displayed:
V[U sUEE? V (H)
You can toggle between the Yes (Y) or No (N)
statement witJ: the aileron stlck. If you want to
save ttre new settings, toggle to (Y) and click the
optionbutton. The displaywill hesitate and then
indicate:
STOFHGE t]OHE
And automattcally return to:
SHUE HEIJ UHLUES
This tndicates that storage is done and the
parameters are now in memory and will remain
there until you make a change and SAVE NEW
VALUES again. You can go to the RUN mode or
tum the transmitter offwithout losing anyt}dng.
Note: Ifyou want to return to Level One of the
menu structure, page right to E)cTTFIIS MENU
Poge #12

and click the Option button. CALIBRATE SER-
VOS will be displayed and you can page right or
left in this level.
If you want to go to the run mode, simply flip
the RUN/CAL switch to RUN. Ifyou want to turn
the transmitter off, do so. But, remember that
none of your settings will be saved unless you
have performed the SAVE NEWVALUES routine.
You have completed the calibration of the
Elevator. Now let's do the other channels. Re-
turn to the CALIBRATE SERVOS on kvel One in
the CAL mode. Page right to:
H ILEFIH
OR
HUt][EH
While in either one of these menu pages. click
the option button to get to Ievel Three and
obserwe ttrat both of these channels set-up exactly
like the ELEVATOR, exceptyou are setting up the
RT (right) and LT [left) endpoints. The'up arrow"
for setting up tl e dual rate switch and the (*) for
having equal endpoints on bottr side of neutral
(activated by pushing the AUTO TRIM button),
work exactly the same.
As wtth the ELEVATOR set-up, you turn
the recelver on ln the alrplane and observe the
control surface moyement as you proceed
througfh the callbratlon of the alleron qnd
nrdder sersog.
If you need review, re-read the preceding
instructions. As with the ELEVATOR set-up, none
ofyourvalues will be saved until you perform the
SAVE NEW VALUES routine.
THF[TTLE
The routine for calibrating the.throttle seryo
is very similar to what you have done so far with
a few exceptions. Click the option button to:
SET HI THT I,9O
Page right to:
SET L[ THT I.II
You use the elevator stick to once again slew
the servo to the desired position for HI (hrgh) and
rO 0ow) T}IT (throttle).
Note: the LO TFIT endpoint can be changed in
the RIIN mode. It is the only servo parameter that
can be changed in this mode. Refer to "Setting
Idle in the RUN Mode" section of the RUN mode
instructions. Now page right to the next menu:
THT PHESET = 1,5[
This routine allows you to set the desired
locatlon for the throtfle servo to assume when
you push the PRESETbutton in the RUN mode.
As usual, you use the elevator stick to slew the
DPM to the desired reading. Page right to:
THT llTHlll = 25$
This routine sets the sensitivity of the throtfle's
manual trim lever just like the other three stick
channels.
Note: as before, if you want your settings to
be saved in memory, you have to page to the
SAVE NEWVALUES menu, click the option but-
ton, toggle to (Y), and click again.
Ifyou everwant to go to kvel One ofthe menu
structure, page right or left to E)CTTHIS MENU
and click the Option button. SELECT SERVOS
will appear and you can now page right or left
througfr this level. If you want to go to the RUN
mode, flip the RUN/CAL switch to RUN. But
reallze that none of your settings will be remem-
bered unless you have done the SAVE NEW
VALLIES routine before going to the RUN mode.
Atthougtr there are a few differences, channels
5 through 8 are set up basically the same. Let's
review how these channels are configured:
Channel 5 is a two position toggle switchwith the
two positions labels "A" and "B." Channel6 and
7 are proportional levers. Channel 8 is a three
position toggle switch labeled'A", "8", and'C."
Poge #13

In Level TWo of the Calibrate Servos menu,
page to:
I HH HI'IE L 5
Click the option button and observe:
SET H THS I.9[
As you would orpect by now the DPM num-
ber displayed will indicate the position of the 5th
channel's servo when the CH 5 switch is flipped
to "A" and is slewed up or down with the elevator
stick. You can have the receiver on and observe
actual servo position. Page right to:
SET E [H5 I,IO
By the same token, now you can set the
servo's position when the CH 5 switch is flipped
to "8.' (Of course, none of the settings will be
saved until you do the SA\1E NEW VALUES
routine.)
Now clickback to CFIANNEL 5 and page right
to:
CHHHHEL 6
And click the option button to get to Lerzel
Three:
SET UP IHE I .90
In the same manner, you now calibrate the
transmitter to give you the desired CH 6 seryo
positionwhenthe CH 6leveris at tts upward limit
of travel. Then page right to:
SET UH tH6 l,lU
Bynow, no oplanation should be necessary.
Poge #14
Once youVe set-up CH 6, click back up to the
Second Level. Remember, nothing is saved until
you do the SAVE NEW VALLIES routine.
THHHHEL 7
AND
T HH I'II'IE L E
Channel T is calibrated the same as Channel
6. Channel S ts calibrated the same as Channel
5, except there are tlrree switch positions, "A',
"B', and'C."
Remember, you must SAVE NEWVALUES to
keep any of your new settings. To move back to
Lwel One, page to E)ilT THIS MENU and click.
CALIBRATE SERVOSwilIbe displayed. To return
to the RIJN mode, ftp the RIIN/CALswitch to RIIN.
If you want to switch off, do so.
3. Turning cn Default Settings
IHITIHLIZE 5EHUO5
This is the only page in Level TWo of CALI-
BRATE SERVOS that we haven't covered. It
allows you to returnALL of the constants for ttre
selected aircraft back to the original factory de-
fault settings. These values will be l.9O ms for
DN ELV, RT AIL, RT RUD, HI THT, CHs A, UP
CH6, UP CH7, and CH8 A. I.5 ms for neutrals,
THT PRESET, and CH8 B. 1.10 ms for UP ELV,
LT AIL, LT RUD, LO TFIT, CHs B, DN CH6, UP
CH7 , and CH8 C. The MTRIMS will be set at 25o/o.
To perform this routine, click the option but-
ton while IMTIALIZE SERVOS is displayed:
V[U sUHE? V (H)
Use the aileron stick to toggle betweenYes[Y)
and No(N). If you select Yes and "Click", all the
default settings will be installed and the display
will return to INITIALIZE SERVOS. If you select
No (N), nothingwill be done and the display will
return to INITIALIZE SERVOS.

D. Mixing
1. lntroduction to Mixing
Careful reading, study, and experimentatlon
is necessa4r to fully utilize the micropro's pow-
erful ability to perform unlimited midng. Wewill
illustrate by example: where you take it from
there is entirely your choice and limited only by
your imagination. If you are wantlng to do a
mixing task, PLEASE read and re-read this sec-
tion carefully.
a. Delinlng the "FROM" anQ "TO"
Channels
As the name implies, mi:dng is the function of
taking the command of one channel and rnidng
it into another channel. This means that in
addition to affecting its own assigned servo, a
stick, lever, or switch will also affect another
servo/channel. This process will define whlch
channels are affected, how much the servos are
affected, and in what direction they will move
when the stick, lever, or switch is moved.
To keep our terminologr clear, we will deflne
ttre'FROM' channel as that stick, lever, or switch
that will affect the other servo. In other words,
the "FROM" channel is the channel we mix from.
The *TO' channel is the servo channel that is
affected by the 'FROM" channel input. This is the
channel that is mixed to.
b. The Mixing Matrix
MATRIX CHART
Ttre most flexible means to visualize how this
mixing can be implemented is by a matrix anay
in which the "FROM" channels read down and
the "TO" channels read across. The intersection
of t]:e row and column is the definiUon of one
mixing function. This deflnition states what kind
of mixing it will be. For example, the intersection
of the second column and the third row will
contain the definition for mixing the Channel 2
(Aileron) into the Channel 3 (Rudder) servo
output. This matrix accomplishes every possible
mixing combination. It can be seen that on the
diagonal of the matrix are those intersecUons
that have a charurel mbdng into itself. Those
intersections have been eliminated from the mix-
ing matrix because they do not apply.
Wtren setting-up a particular mixing task for
a particular airplane, it is helpful to draw up a
matrlx to visualDe and keep a record of your
settings.
c. The Zero Mix Point
TllLe Zero Mix Point is the position of the
'FROM" channel where no mixing occurs. With
theneutralizing channels (ELV, AIL, and RtlD) it
is always defined as neutral. With the other
channels, you will be able to define it three ways:
when the stick switch or lever is in the upward
posltion, downward position, or in ttre middle.
In any event, theZero Mix Point is the point of
stick, swltch, or lever travel where the "FROM"
channel is to have NO effect on the *TO" channel.
For example, you want to add some down
elerzator as you give down flaps. You are using CH
6 as the flap channels and you have the upward
lever position set-up as neutral flaps. As you
move the lever downward, you want to mix in
some down elevator to compensate. So, when the
CH 6 lever ls in the upward position, you don't
want the elevator to be affected, so that is your
Zero MtxPointwhen CH 6 is the'FROM" channel
for the purposes of getting compensating elevator
(the *TO'channel).
d. Absolute Mlxlng (a)
Absolute Mi:dng is available when any of the
neutralizing channels (ELV, AIL, or RUD) are
selected as tl.e'FROM" channel. When turned
on, Absolute Mi:dngwill cause the "TO" channel
to move the same direction, no matterwhichway
the "FROM" channel stick ts displaced from
neutral.
For orample, youwant to get some up elevator
when the rudder is moved either rlght ORleft. If
so, RUD is the 'FROM" channel and absolute
mixing is turned ON. ELV is the *TO" channel; it
will be affected the same way (up) whether the
J
UJ
z
z
o
o
!-
''FROM'' CHANNEL
Poge #15

RLID stick is moved right or left.
2. Setting the Mixing Values
5ET NIHIHG UHLUES
To set-up the miring you want, page to the
SET MDCNG VALUES menu in the First Level of
the CAL mode and click the Option button to
move to the Second kvel: the display will read:
The disptay position that now indicates 00/o is
the mfdng percentage. It is slewed up or down
with the elevator stick.
The display position that nowindicates 'EL\f'
ts the *FROM" channel. You toggle right and left
with the rudder stick to display the destred
'FROM'channel.
The display position that now indicates 'AfL'
is the *TO" channel. You toggle right and leftwith
the alleron stick to display the desired *TO"
channel.
E4periment wtttr the process of slewtng the
midng percentage up and down: you wlll note
that the percentage displayed can be either
positive or negative which determines the direction
the *TO' channel will be affected by the "FROM"
channel input.
Note that the percent can actually display
from *O to 8o0o/o. This is to allowyou nuximum
versatility in case you want the throw of the *TO"
channel to exceed the throw of the "FROM'
channelas a result ofthe mfidng. Generaly, you
wlll be worklng wlth mldng percentagles be-
low l(XPlo. In any event, if you attempt to
perform mixing beyond the limits of servo throw
established by the computer, (O.80 to 2.lO ms)
the percentage in excess of that madmum will be
ignored.
Also, experiment with toggling througfrout
the 'FROM" and *TO" channels by using the
rudder and aileron sticks. Notice that the com-
puter will not allow you to mix a channel into
itself. If you have ELV dtsplayed as the "FROM"
channel and toggle through the "TO" channels
with the aileron stick, ELV will be skipped.
At any time, ifyou want to clear all the midng
values you have put in for a given aircraft, push
Poge #16
the PRESETbutton and all settings will return to
zero. This allows you to bail out and start from
scratch.
HIH 0H lrtulHtL
a
ZERO MIX POINT
Now, let's consider the Zerc Mix Point. Use
the rudder stick to toggle to a non-neutralizing
channel fffiT through CH 8). You will notice an
arrow dtsplayed between the percentage of mix
and the "FROM" channel. Now push tle AUTO
TRIM button and note the direction of the arrour.
Keep pushing ttre button and watch the arrowgo
from the +to the 1to the t. Ttris arow displays
the status of the Zero l&.f.ix Point for ttre "FROM"
channel. When ttre arrow is upward, the Zero Mix
Point is when the "FROM" channel is in the
upward location of the stick, lever, or switch;
when it is down, it is when the stick, lever, or
switch is in the down position; when tt points
right, tJte Zero Mix Point is when the "FROM"
channel is in the middle of its travel.
When the "FROM" channel is a neutralDing
channel (ELV, AIL, or RUD), Absolute Mi:dng can
be engaged. (See deflnitlon in section "d.", page
15.) To do so, use theAUTOTRIMbutton to turn
absolute mi:dng on and off. An'a'wlll appear on
the display to indicate Absolute Mi:dng is on.
3. Setting Mix Switches
In order to use any of the mixingyou have set
up in the above procedure, it has to be assigned
a mi:dng switch. Essentially, there are three
midng switches. 'Mlx l' and 'Mix 2' switches
are externally accessible and can be turned on
and offas desired. 'Mlx 3'ts always on. (Note:
if you want to be able to turn'Mbc 3" on or off, it
can be done by installing another switch in the
transmttter. Contact the factory for detatls.) you
will assigin midng tasks to "Mix 3" that you
NEVERwant to turn offwhenyou are fiytng. Up
to four midng tasks can be assigned to each of
the three switehes for a total of twelve.
SET NIH STJITIHES
IIIH O$ ELU}RIL
PERCENTAGE CHANNEL CHANNEL
Page to this menu in kvel One and click the

option button to get to Level TWo. The following
is displayed:
nlH lH = --r)
all\
SWITCH STATION ''FROM'' IITOII
To gain an understanding as to what is hap-
pening, move the elevator stick in the upward
direction to toggle up and watch the display
changefrom lAto lB. lC, lD,2A,...., and3D,
then retum to lA. Thls tells you that you can
assign up to four mldngtasks (representedbyA,
B, C, and D; we call them'stations") to one or
more of the three mixing switches (1, 2. and 3).
Now, with "1A" displayed, use the rudder
stick to toggle the "FROM' channel left and right
between the eight channels available. By the
same token, use the aileron stick to toggle the
'TO" channel. Observe the display as you go
ttrrougfr the channels available plus the "- "
hlank) display.
In order to assign a given mbdng task to a
switch, simply select the mfidng switch that you
want to assign tl e task to (1, 2 or 3....reafizlng
that 3 is the switch that is always'on'), plus one
of the four statlons thatyou can asstgn to a given
switch (A, B, C, or D), then have the'FROM" and
*TO" channel match the task that you want
switched on and offwith that particular switch;
when you do that, that task will be controlled by
the selected switch.
Tlkrat's all there is to it. Remember, for each
switch, you can assign up to four different mi:dng
tasks (A, B, C, and D).
Wtren you click the option button to return to
the First Ievel, any of the assignments you have
made will be remembered.
If you want to clear all of the switch assign-
ments back to the "-;,- " condition, push the
PRESETbutton. All assignments will be cleared.
4. Mixing Examples
As we promised, ttre bestway to illustrate the
power of the mi:dng features of the micropro is by
example. Afewfollow. One reminder: anytime
you want to clear out all the mldngvalues or the
mbdng switch settings and start at "square one",
simplypress the PRESETbuttonwhile in the SET
MIXVALUES or SET MIX S\ ITCHES menu and
they all will be cleared back to zero.
One: CoupledAileron and Rudder (CAR)is a
much used mixing task that links the aileron
channel to the rudder channel so that when you
give aileron conunand, you also get some rudder
movement in the same direction in order to speed
up the roll rate on high winged airplanes. In this
case, the "FROM" channel is AIL and the 'TO"
channel is RUD. There is no other mixing involved
for ttris task. Also, a normal percentage would be
around 5Oo/o; i.e. , whenyou move the ailerons to
full right or left, you get 500/o ofthe normal rudder
throw. So, you would configure Level Tlvo of the
SET MD(NG VALUE menu like so:
fltH 50$ HlLlFUu
Remember, the rudder stick is used to toggle
the'FROM" channel, the aileron stick is used to
toggle the "TO" channel, and the elevator stickis
used to slewthe percentageup and down. (Notice
that the computer will not allow you to mix a
channel into itself: i.e., you can't have AIL dis-
played as the '1lO' channel and toggle the -FROM"
channel toAllwithout moving the'"TO" channel
off of AIL.)
Since you would probably want to be able to
turn the midng function on and off in flight, it
needs to be assigned to either MIX I or MIX 2
switch. Configure Level TWo of the SET MIX
SWITCHES menu like so:
11 lH lH = HlLlHUu
In thls case, we are assigning that particular
mlnng task to station "A' on the MIX I switch.
Remember, the rudder stickis used to toggle the
"FROM" charurel, the aileron stick is used to
toggle the "TO' channel, and the elevator stick
slews the mix switch number ( 1-3) and station (A-
D). Now click the option button and go into the
RUN mode and turn the airplane on. Aileron and
rudder operation should be normalwhen the MIX
I switch is off. Whenyou flip MIX I switch on and
move the aileron stlck, you will get rudder action.
If the rudder movement is too much, too little, or
baclnvards, go back into the SET MDilNG VALUE
menu and decrease, increase, or reverse the
direction (+ or -) of the percentage of mix.
It really is that simple! You may have to
o<periment somewhat to get the procedure down,
but once you understand the basic concept, the
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unlimited world of mixing with the micropro will
open up to you!
TVo: For the second example, we will illus-
trate anottrer conunon mixing function: that is, a
mixer that will provide compensatlon for a given
control input. In this case, we will describe
ele'uator compensation for deployment of flaps;
i.e., you want to get some *down" elevator when
you drop ttre flaps so that the plane continues to
fly lwel as flaps are dropped.
So, the "FROM" channel is Flaps (CH 6) and
the'TO" channel is ELV. (This assumes flaps are
plugged in to CH 6). Conligure the SET MDilNG
VALUE to:
l'1 lH -20$,1 ctt6)ELU
This set-up assumes that when the flap lever
is up, you don'twant anyelevator compensatlon,
so the Zero MtxPoint is when the CH 6lever is in
the up position (up arrow). Also, you need to
assign the midng function to a switch, Mlx l, 2,
or 3. (Remember, Mix 3 is always *on'.)
So, go to the SET MIX SWITCHES menu and
click. Sayyou want to asstgn the task to the Mix
2 switch, then conflgure like so:
fl IH 2H
Click back to Level One and go to the run
mode. With the Ml:< 2 switch on, you wilt get
elevator compensationwhen you move the CH 6
lever downward from its full upward positton. If
there is too much or too litfle, go back frto the
SET VALUE routine and increase or decrease
percentage. If the elevator moves in the wrong
direction when you drop tJre flaps, change the
mix percentage from positive to negatlve or visa
versa.
Three: Third is an enample of usingthe three
posltion CH 8 switch for mtxing purposes only. In
this case, we are going to use the three switch
positions to conflgure a $ider for three dtfferent
modes: launch, cruise, and seek. In the launch
mode, we want some down flaps and some elevator
compensation; we will achieve tllat mode when
CH 8 is in the "A" position. In cruise, we want
everything at neutral; CH 8, '8" position. When
we seek, we want some up, (reflex) flaps and a
little elevator compensation in order to penetrate
the wind or move quickly to the next area of lift:
we'll use CH 8, "C" position for this.
So, weneed to mixCH 8 intobothELVand CH
6 (in this case, flaps). Because we want neutral
posiUons when the CH 8 swttch is in the "8"
position; i.e., ttre middle, tlrLe Zero Mix Point for
CH 8 should be (right arrow). In the Second Lerrel
of the SET MDilNG VALUES menu, perform the
following two configurations:
11 lH ln$ -EH8)ELU
11 lH 25$ dH8)DH6
Remember, the rudder stick is used to toggle
tl.e'FROM" channel, the aileron stick is used to
toggle the *TO" channel, the elevator stlckis used
to slew the percentage up and down, and the
AUTO TRIM button is used to change t}re Zero
Mix Point of the 'FROM" channel.
Both ofthese mixing tasks needs to be assigned
to a switch, Mix l, 2, or 3. For example, we always
want ttrese two mlxers on, so we're going to
assign them both to Mtx 3 in the SET MIX
SWITCHES menu:
11 lH 3H = [Hts]ELU
nlH 3E = [HE]EHE
Once again, note that the rudder stick is used
to toggle the "FROM' channel, the aileron stick is
used to toggle the *TO" channel, and the elevator
stick is used to toggle through the switches and
staUons available.
Go to the RUN mode, and check operation.
Note thatyou have manyparameters toJuggle in
order to get the destred operation. The C,ALIBRAIE
SERVOS (endpoint) settings for CH 8'A', 'B',
and "C'will determine the relationship between
those switch positions and how they affect the
elerzators and the flaps. The directions and
percentages ofmixwill also be in playJust as they
are in the previous e:ramples. You wtll system-
atically have to make adJustments and observe
their results ln order to get the desired results.
FOUR: This is a bit more complicated, and
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illustrates the versatilily of your micropro. This
is another set-up for a competition sailplane. We
want to be able to to have the wing equipped with
ailerons on the outer panels and flaps on the
inner panel. Ailerons are to operate normally
when you use the aileron stick. We want them
both to move up when we drop the flaps to as-
sume a "crow" condition. We also want to have a
fullvariable camberwingand be able to move all
wing surfaces slightly up or down by means of a
preprogrammed three position switch.
In order to perform this task, we need a
separate servo on each aileron; one plugged into
the AIL channel and, in this case, the other
plugged into CH 7. Flaps are plugged into CH 6
in this example. Now, for openers, conffgure
Level TWo of the SET MDilNG VALUES like so:
tl tH l00H HIL)[H7
NOTE: There are some commonmixing tasks
pre-programmed into your micropro that you can
easily engage or disengage. We will cover them
after the next section.
E. Setting the Expo Values
Re-read the Exponential Rates information in
the RUN mode section (page 5) of the manual. If
you wish to engage Exponential Rate for the
particular airplane you are setting up, page right
in Level One of the menu to:
SET EHPI UHLUES
Click the option button and observe:
ELU EHP0 UHL = 0
Using the aileron stick, toggle through the
selections available at thls Irvel. Note that you
can access all four stick channels (ELV, AIL,
RUD, and THT). Choose the channel desired, and
slew ttre value up and down with the elevator
stick, obserwing ttrat it increments from "0" to "9".
The higher the number, the greater the amount
of ocponential curve, with '0" being completely
off. Slewthevalue to the desired amount. Repeat
for any other channel for which you want expo.
As with the mixing functions, if you wish to
clear all the expo settings back to '0" (off), simply
press the PRESET button while in Level Tlvo of
the SET E)(PO VALUES menu page.
To odt this menu level, click the option button
and you return to kvel One. The expo settings
will be remembered until you go back in and
change them.
j Once again, the up position of the Dual Rate
switch for a given channel turns the expo rate on.
(except throttle; it is always on) and the endpoints
will be the same as those that you have pro-
grammed for ttrat switch position.
F. Enabling Pre-Programmed
Mixing
As a short-cut, the micropro has some com-
mon mixing tasks pre-programmed so you can
bypass the Set Mixing Values menu and simply
turn those mixing tasks on. If selected, each one
of these tasks are always on for the particular
alrplane you are setting up: the mixing switches
11 rH -50$ t[H6]HtL
AIL>CHZ gives you the proper aileron action.
Cautlon: the CH T lever is still acUve; it is not
decoupled so it must at dl tlmes stay in the
middle position to give you the proper neutral for
the aileron that is plugged into CH 7. CH6>CH7
andAIL gives you ttre "crow" configurationwhen
flaps are dropped. Note: if you want to decouple
the CH T lever, simply set both endpoints for CH
7 at the same DPM reading as the neutral for
aileron (usually l.5O ms).
Assign the three tasks to any of the threemix
switches desired. The "crod' capability should
be able to be turned on and off. Now go to the RUN
mode and check operaUon. Once again, there are
several variables involved : the CALIBRATE SER-
VOS settings for any of the channels involved, the
percentage and direction of mtx, plus the me-
chanical hookup of any given servo.
Once you get the desired operation, go back
into SETMDilNGVALUES and mix CH 8 intoAIL,
CH 7 and CH 6 in order to get the desired three
position variable camber function. Refer to the
example above for help doing thls. Note: the
*crow" mixing needs to be turned off while using
this feature or you'll get unwanted mixing when
you flip CH 8 to either "A" or "B".
IrH6)[H?
t1 IH SUS
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have no affect. The following are available:
1. Aileron Differential
This feature allowsyou to control the amount
of up versus down travel on each individual
aileron ln order to do away with the adverse yaw
caused by the ailerons moving downward, pff-
ticularly in gliders and high-winged powered
planes.
It requires each ofthe two ailerons be controlled
by a separate servo hooked to two different
receiver channels. When this option is selected,
both the aileron channel and Ch. 7 will be the
channels used for aileron control. The control
level for Ch..7 will be disabled and have no effect
on the seryo.
EHHBLE H, []IFF.
While tn the First Level of the CALmode, page
right until the above is displayed. Click the
option button and:
HIL. IIFF? V (H}
If you vrish to turn this feature on, use the
aileron stick to toggle the parentheses to Yes (Y)
and click the option button to return to Lwel
One. If you don't want the feature, leave the
parentheses on No (N) and click back to Lwel
One. Whenyou have turnedAileron Differential
ON, it will remain on for that particular airplane
until you go back into this menu and turn it off.
The mi:dngswitches have no effect on this feature.
To set the airplane up, hook everything up
(remember we use CH. 7 for the additional channel
needed for aileron control) and turn on the receiver
and transmitter (RUN mode).
To check for proper mechanical hookup, move
the aileron stick back and forth. The ailerons
need to move in opposite directions when aileron
command is given. If not, ttwlll be necessary to
make the necessary mechanical changes needed
to achleve this, such as moving the linkage to the
opposite side of one of the servos, or using a servo
that has opposite rotation. Also, the linkage
needs to set up so you get the same aileron travel
versus servo rotation for each individual aileron.
Now page to the CALIBRA1E SERVOS menu
in the CALmode. Clickto LevelTWo and page to
AILERON. Click to Level Ttrree. SET RTAIL. will
be displayed. Now turn on the radio in the
airplane. Note that while you are setting up ttris
function, only the servo that is plugged into the
aileron channel is being affected: the two servos
aren't mixed together in the CAL mode. Use the
elevator stick to slew the servo to give you the
appropriate servo action for right aileron. If that
servo action happens to be moving the aileron
downward, you would want to make that amount
of movement less than normal so you get the
differential effect that you desire. Page right to
SET LT AIL and repeat the set-up. Remember,
you have to SAVE NEWVALUES if you want put
your changes in memory.
Return to t]:e RUN mode and observe aileron
action. You should nowhave differential aileron
operation. (The seryo you have plugged into CH.
7 will follow the settings you have inputed for
AILERON; that's why the mechanical linkage has
to be t]-e same for bottr servos.)
2. V-Tail
Thls feature mixes elevator i:rto rudder and
rudder back into elevator for a 'V-Tailed" airplane
application. It is enabled as follows: In Level
One, page to:
EHHBLE U-TH I L
Click to the Level TWo and use the alleron
stick and toggle to eittrerYes [Y) or No (N). Click
back to Level One and your selectlon wtll be in
effect until you go back in and change it.
Set-up is easy. First, you have to go into the
RUN mode and make sure the surfaces are
mechanically hooked up properly: i.e., whenyou
glve an elevator command, the surfaces need to
move tn the same direction and when you give a
rudder command, they need to move in opposite
directions. Also, the linkage needs to set up so
you get the same travel versus servo rotation for
each individual control surface.
Theparameters (endpoints, neutral, and trim
o/o) channel (elevator and rudder) is done in the
CAL mode under the CALIBRATE SERVO menu
as normal. You will note that when you are
setting up the servos and have the airplane on,
only the servo plugged into the elevator output
will move when you are setting up ttre elevator
channel and only the rudder servo will move
whenyou are setting up the rudder channel: i.e.,
they aren't mixed while in tl.e CAL mode. Don't
forget to SAVE your settings.
Poge #20