AnyDATA EMII-1900 User manual

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900 Service Manual ApplicationInformation
EMII-1900 V1.0 AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
1.9GCDMA Wireless Kit
EMII-1900
AnyDATA.NET Inc.
HanvitBank B/D 6F
Byulyang-dongKwachon
KOREA
Tel) 82-2-504-3360
Fax) 82-2-504-3362
SERVICE MANUAL

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900 Service Manual ApplicationInformation
EMII-1900 V1.0 AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
Introduction
The EMII-1900 is designedforthetest andsimulation ofthe CDMAwireless data communications. User can
connect the EMII-1900 to yourPC orNotebook and easilytest the wireless communications. User can use this
todevelopyour applications software even beforeuser sown hardware is ready.It alsocan be used as a
debugging duringuser s hardware test.
Disclaimerand Limitation of Liability
AnyDATA.NETInc. assumes no responsibilityforany damageorloss resultingfromthe misuse ofits products.
AnyDATA.NETInc. assumes noresponsibilityforany loss orclaimsbythirdparties, which mayarise through
the use ofits products. AnyDATA.NETInc. assumes no responsibilityforanydamageorloss caused bythe
deletion or loss of data as a result ofmalfunctions or repairs.
The informationdisclosed herein is the exclusive propertyofAnyDATA.NET Inc. and nopart ofthis publication
maybe reproduced ortransmitted inany formor byany means includingelectronic storage, reproduction,
adaptation , translation , execution or transmissionwithout the prior writtenconsent ofAnyDATA.NETInc.
The informationcontained in this document is subject to change without notice.
FCC RF ExposureInformation
Warning! Read this information before usingthis device.
InAugust 1996theFederal Communications Commission(FCC) ofthe United States withits
actionin Reportand Order FCC96-326adopted anupdatedsafetystandard forhuman
exposureto radio frequencyelectromagnetic energyemittedbyFCCregulated transmitters.
Those guidelines are consistent with the safetystandard previouslyset byboth U.S. and
international standards bodies. Thedesignofthis device complies with theFCCguidelines and
these international standards.

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900 Service Manual ApplicationInformation
EMII-1900 V1.0 AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
CAUTION
n Operating Requirements
The user cannot make anychanges or modifications notexpresslyapproved bythe partyresponsible for
compliance, otherwise it could void the user's authorityto operate the equipment.
Tosatisfy FCC RF exposure compliance requirements foramobile transmittingdevice, this device and
its antenna shouldgenerallymaintaina separationdistance of20cmor more froma person s body.
Specialaccessories
Inorder toensurethis device in compliance with FCCregulation,the special accessories are providedwith this
device and must beused with the device only. Theuser is notallowedtouse any otheraccessories than the
special accessories given with this device

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900 Service Manual ApplicationInformation
EMII-1900 V1.0 AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
Table of Contents
GeneralIntroduction
................................................................................................................................ 2
CHAPTER 1. System Introduction
1. System Introduction .................................................................................................... 3
2. Features and Advantages of CDMA Module ........................................................... 4
3. Structure and Functions of CDMA Module ............................................................. 7
4. Specification ............................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 2. NAM InputMethod(Inputtingof telephone numbers included)
1. NAM ProgrammingMethod and Telephone Number Input Method ......................... 11
CHAPTER 3. Circuit Description
1. Overview.................................................................................................................... 14
2. RFTransmit/Receive Part ........................................................................................ 14
3. Digital/Voice ProcessingPart ......................................................................... ®®.. 17
CHAPTER 4. FCC Notice
Appendix
.............................................................................................................................. 22
1. Assemblyand DisassemblyDiagram
2. Block &Circuit Diagram
3. Part List
4. ComponentLayout

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900 Service Manual ApplicationInformation
EMII-1900 V1.0 AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
The EMII-1900 functionsdigitalcellular moduleworked in CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
mode.CDMA type digitalmodeapplies DSSS (Direct SequenceSpread Spectrum) modewhichis
usedin military.
Thisfeatureenables the phone to keepcommunication from being crossed anduseone frequency
channelbymultiple usersin the samespecificarea,resulting that itincreasesthe capacity10times
morecompared with that in the analog modecurrentlyused.
Soft/SofterHandoff, Hard Handoff, andDynamic RF power Controltechnologiesare combinedinto
this phone to reducethe callbeinginterruptedin a middleof talking overphone.
CDMA digital cellularnetworkconsistsof MSC (MobileSwitching Office), BSC (BaseStation
Controller), BTS (Base station Transmission System), andMS (Mobile Station). Communication
betweenMS andBTS is designed tomeet thespecification of IS-95A (CommonAir Interface). MS
meets the specifications of thebelow :
-IS-95A ( CommonAir Interface ) :Protocolbetween MS andBTS
-IS-96A ( Vocoder ) : Voice signal coding
-IS-98:BasicMS functions
-IS-126 : Voice loopback
-IS-99:Short Message Service, Async Data Service, and G3 FaxService
EMII-1900 is digitalmodeis designedtobe operatedinfull duplex.
General Introduction

EMII-1900
1.SystemIntroduction
1.1 CDMAAbstract
Thecellular systemhas achannel hand-offfunctionthat is usedforcollectingtheinformationon the locations and movements
ofradio mobile telephones fromthe cell site byautomaticallycontrollingseveral cell site through the setup ofdata transmission
routes and thus, enabling oneswitchingsystemtocarryout the automatic remote adjustment. This is to maintaincontinuously
thecall state throughtheautomatic location confirmationand automatic radiochannel conversion when the busysubscriber
moves fromtheservice area ofone cell site tothat of another byusingautomatic location confirmationand automatic radio
channel conversion functions. Thecall state can be maintainedcontinuouslybythe information exchangebetween switching
systems when the busysubscriber moves fromone cellular systemarea tothe othercellularsystem area.
In thecellular system,thecell site is asmall-sized lowoutput type and utilizes afrequencyallocationsystemthat considers
mutual interference, in aneffort toenable the re-use ofcorrespondingfrequencyfromacell site separatedmore than acertain
distance. The analog cellularsystemsare classifiedfurther into an AMPS system,E-AMPS System,NMTsystem,ETACS
system, andJTACS systemdepending on technologies used.
Unlike the timedivision multiple access (TDMA)or frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA)usedin the band limited
environment, the Code DivisionMultiple Access(CDMA)systemwhichis one of digital cellular systemsis amulti-access
technology under the interference limitedenvironment. It can process morenumberofsubscriberscomparedto other systems
(TDMA system has theprocessingcapacitythree times greaterthan theexistingFDMAsystemwhereas CDMAsystem,about
12~15 times ofthat of the existing system).
CDMAsystemcanbe explained as follows: TDMA or SDMA canbe used toenable eachperson to talk alternatelyor provide a
separate roomforeachperson when twopersons desire to talkwitheach other at thesame time, whereas FDMAcan be used to
enable one person totalkin soprano, whereas the other in bass (oneofthetwotalkers can carryout synchronizationforhearing
incase there is a bandpass filterfunction in the area ofthe hearer).
Anothermethodavailable is to maketwopersons tosingindifferent languages at thesame time, space, andfrequencywhen
wishingto let the audience hear the singing without beingconfused. This is the characteristics of CDMA.
On the other hand, when employingtheCDMA technology,each signal has a different pseudo-randombinarysequence used to
spreadthespectrumofcarrier. Agreat number ofCDMAsignals sharethe samefrequencyspectrum.In the perspectiveof
frequencyarea ortimearea, several CDMAsignals are overlapped. Amongthese types ofsignals, onlydesired signal energy is
selectedand receivedthroughtheuse ofpre-determined binarysequence; desiredsignals can be separatedandthen, received
withthecorrelatorused for recoveringthe spectruminto its original state. Atthis time, the spectrumsofother signals that have
differentcodes are notrecoveredinto its original state andinstead,processed as noise and appears as theself-interference of
the system.
CHAPTER1.System Introduction

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900Service Manual Application Information
EMII-1900 V1.0AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
2.FeaturesandAdvantagesof CDMA Module
2.1 Various Types of Diversities
Inthe CDMAbroadbandmodulation(1.25MHz band), three types of diversities (time, frequency,and space) areused to reduce
serious fading problems generatedfromradio channels inorderto obtain high-qualitycalls.
Timediversitycanbe obtainedthroughtheuse of codeinterleaving anderrorcorrection code whereas frequencydiversitycan
beobtained byspreadingsignal energyto more wider frequencyband. The fadingrelated tonormal frequencycan affect the
normal 200~300kHz among signal bands and accordingly,serious affect canbe avoided. Moreover,space diversity(also called
pathdiversity) can be realizedwith the following three types of methods.
First, it canbe obtained bythe duplication ofcell site receive antenna. Second, it can beobtainedthroughthe use of
multi-signal processing device that receives atransmit signal havingeach different transmission delaytime andthen, combines
them.Third, it can beobtained throughthe multiple cell site connection(SoftHandoff)that connects the mobile station and
more thantwo cell sites at the same time.
2.2 Power Control
TheCDMA system utilizes theforward(from abase station to mobile stations) andbackward(fromthe mobile stationtothe
base station) power control in order toincrease the call processing capacityandobtain high-qualitycalls. Incase theoriginating
signals of mobile stations arereceived bythe cell site intheminimum call qualitylevel (signal to interference) through theuse
oftransmit powercontrol onall the mobile stations, the system capacitycan be maximized.
If thesignal ofmobile stationis received too strong, the performance of thatmobile station is improved. However, because of
this, the interference onother mobile stations usingthe samechannel is increased and accordingly,the call qualityofother
subscribers is reducedunless the maximumaccommodation capacityis reduced.
In the CDMAsystem,forward power control, backwardopenlooppower control, andclosed looppowercontrol methodsare
used.The forwardpower control is carriedoutinthecell site to reduce thetransmit power on mobile stations less affected by
themulti-pathfadingandshadowphenomenonandthe interference of other cell sites when themobile stationis notengaged in
thecall oris relativelynearerto the correspondingcell site. This is also used toprovide additional power to mobile stations
having high call error rates, located inbadreception areas or far awayfrom the cell site.
Thebackwardopen looppower control is carried outinacorrespondingmobile station;themobile stationmeasures power
received from the cell site and then,reverselyincreases/decreases transmit power in order tocompensate channel changes
caused bythe forward link path loss andterraincharacteristics inrelationto the mobile station inthe cell site. Bydoingso,all
the mobile office transmit signals in the cells are received bythe cell site in the same strength.
Moreover, the backwardclosedlooppower control used bythe mobile stationto controlpower withthe commandsissuedout
bythecell site. The cell site receives the signal of eachcorrespondingmobile stationand compares this with the pre-set
threshold valueand then,issues out power increase/decrease commandsto the correspondingmobile station every1.25msec
(800times per second).
Bydoing so, the gain tolerance andthe different radio propagationloss on the forward/backwardlink are complemented.

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900Service Manual Application Information
EMII-1900 V1.0AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
2.3 VoiceEncoder andVariable Data Speed
Thebi-directional voice service havingvariable data speed provides voice communication whichemploysvoice encoder
algorithmhavingpower variable data rate betweenthemobile telephone cell site and mobile station. Onthe otherhand, the
transmit voice encoderperformsvoice samplingandthen,creates encodedvoice packets tobesent out tothereceive voice
encoder, whereas the receive voice encoder demodulates the received voice packets into voice samples.
One of the twovoice encodersdescribedin the above is selected for use dependingon inputtedautomatic conditionsand
message/data; both ofthemutilize four-stage frames of9600, 4800, 2400, and 1200 bits persecond. Inaddition,this type of
variable voice encoderutilizes adaptivethreshold values whenselectingrequired data rate. It is adjusted inaccordance withthe
size ofbackground noise andthe data rate is increasedto highrate onlywhen the voice ofcalleris inputted.
Therefore, background noise is suppressed andhigh-qualityvoice transmissionis possible under the environment experiencing
serious noise. In addition, incase the caller does nottalk,data transmissionrate is reducedso that thetransmission is carried
outin lowenergy.This will reduce theinterference onother CDMAsignals and as aresult, improvesystemperformance
(capacity, increased byabout two times).
2.4 ProtectingCall Confidentiality
CDMAsignals havethe function ofeffectivelyprotectingcall confidentialitybyspreadingand interleavingcall informationin
broadbandwidth.This makes the unauthorized use ofcrosstalk, search receiver, and radioveryhard substantially.Also
includedis the encryptionfunction on various authentication andcalls specified in IS-95forthe double protectionofcall
confidentiality.
2.5 Soft Handoff
Duringthe softhand,thecell site alreadyin the busystate and thecell site tobeengagedinthecall later participate inthe call
conversion.The call conversionis carried out throughthe original call connectioncell site, bothcell sites, and then, newcell
site. This methodcanminimize call disconnectionandprevent the userfromdetectingthe hand-off.
2.6 Frequency Re-UseandSectorSegmentation
Unlike the existinganalog cellularsystem, the CDMAsystemcan reuse the samefrequencyat theadjacentcell andaccordingly,
there is noneed toprepare aseparate frequencyplan.Total interference generatedonmobile stationsignals receivedfrom the
cell site is the sum ofinterference generated fromother mobile stationsinthesame cell site and interference generated fromthe
mobile station ofadjacentcell site. That is, each mobile stationsignal generates interference inrelation to the signals ofall the
othermobile signals.
Total interference fromall the adjacent cell sites is the ratioofinterference fromall the cell sites versus total interference from
othermobile stationsin the samecell site (about 65%). Inthecase of directional cell site, onecell normallyuses a120 sector
antenna inorder to divide the sector into three. Inthis case, each antennais usedonlyfor1/3 of mobile stations in thecell site

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900Service Manual Application Information
EMII-1900 V1.0AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
andaccordingly,interference is reducedby 1/3 on theaverage andthe capacitythat can be supportedbythe entiresystemis
increased bythree times.
2.7 Soft Capacity
The subscriber capacityofCDMAsystemis flexible dependingon therelation between the number of users andservice classes.
For example, the system operatorcanincrease the number of channels available foruse during the busyhour despite the dropin
call quality.This type of function requires 40% of normal call channels inthe standbymode duringthehandoff support, inan
effort toavoid call disconnectionresultingfrom the lack ofchannels.
In addition,in the CDMAsystem,services and service charges are classified further into differentclasses so that more transmit
powercanbeallocated tohigh class service users foreasiercall set-up;theycanalso begivenhigher priorityof usinghand-off
function than the general users.

Interface DescriptionEMII-1900Service Manual Application Information
EMII-1900 V1.0AnyDATA.NET Proprietary Use Subject to Restrictions
3.Structure and Functions of CDMA Module
Themobile stationofCDMA system is made up ofaradio frequencypartandlogic/control (digital) part. Themobile station
antenna is connectedwith thetransmitter/receiver via aduplexerfilter so that it cancarryout thetransmit/receive functionat
the same time.
Thetransmit frequencyis the 60MHz band of1851.25 ~ 1908.75MHz, whereas thereceivefrequencyis the60MHz bandof
1931.25 ~ 1988.75MHz. Thetransmit/receive frequencyis separated by80MHz. The RF signal from theantennais converted
into intermediate frequency(IF) band bythe frequencysynthesizer and frequencydownconverterand then,passes the bandpass
SAW filter havingthe 1.25MHz band.IF outputsignals that havebeenfiltered fromspurious signal are convertedinto digital
signals via an analog-to-digital converters(ADC) and then,sentoutrespectivelyto 5 correlators in each CDMA de-modulator.
Of these, one is called asearcher whereas the remaining 4 are calleddata receiver(finger). DigitalizedIFsignals include agreat
number ofcall signals that have been sent out bytheadjacentcells. These signals are detectedwith pseudo-noise sequence (PN
Sequence). Signal to interference ratio (C/I)onsignals that match thedesiredPN sequence are increasedthroughthis type of
correlationdetectionprocess. Then, othersignals obtainprocessinggain bynot increasingthe ratio.The carrierwave of pilot
channel fromthe cell site most adjacentlylocatedis demodulated inorder to obtainthesequence ofencodeddata symbols.
During the operation with onecell site, the searchersearches outmulti-paths in accordance withterrain and buildingreflections.
On three data receivers, themost powerful four paths areallocatedfortheparallel tracingandreceiving. Fadingresistance can
beimproved agreat deal byobtainingthediversitycombinedoutput forde-modulation. Moreover, the searcher canbe used to
determinethe most powerfulpath fromthe cell sites even duringthesoft handoff duringthe two cell sites. Moreover, four data
receivers are allocated inorder to carryout the de-modulation ofthese paths. Data output that has been demodulatedchange the
data stringinthe combineddata rowas in the case of original signals(deinterleaving), andthen,are de-modulated bythe
forward error correction decoderwhichuses the Viterbi algorithm.
On the other hand, mobile stationuser informationsent out fromthe mobile station to thecell site pass through thedigital voice
encoder via a mike. Then,theyare encodedand forwarderrors are corrected throughthe use ofconvolution encoder.Then, the
order ofcode rowsis changedin accordancewith acertainregulation inorder to removeanyerrors inthe interleaver. Symbols
madethroughtheabove process are spread afterbeingloaded ontoPN carrierwaves. At this time, PN sequence is selected by
each address designated in each call.
Signals that havebeencode spread as above are digital modulated(QPSK) and then, powercontrolledat the automatic gain
control amplifier (AGC Amp). Then, theyareconverted into RF band bythefrequencysynthesizer synchronizingthese signals
to properoutput frequencies.
Transmit signals obtainedpass throughthe duplexer filter andthen, are sent out to the cell site via the antenna.