AXIOMATIC SAEJ1939 User manual

USER MANUAL UMAX021610
Version 2A
UNIVERSAL INPUT,
SINGLE OUTPUT VALVE
CONTROLLER with LED
SAEJ1939®
USER MANUAL
P/N: AX021610 (250kbps)
P/N: AX021610-01 (500kbps)
P/N: AX021610-02 (1Mbps)

User Manual UMAX021610. Version: 2A 2-65
ACCRONYMS
ACK Positive Acknowledgement (from SAE J1939 standard)
UIN Universal Input
LED Light Emitting Diode
EA The Axiomatic Electronic Assistant (A Service Tool for Axiomatic ECUs)
ECU Electronic Control Unit (from SAE J1939 standard)
NAK Negative Acknowledgement (from SAE J1939 standard)
PDU1 A format for messages that are to be sent to a destination address, either specific
or global (from SAE J1939 standard)
PDU2 A format used to send information that has been labeled using the Group
Extension technique, and does not contain a destination address.
PGN Parameter Group Number (from SAE J1939 standard)
PropA Message that uses the Proprietary A PGN for peer-to-peer communication
PropB Message that uses a Proprietary B PGN for broadcast communication
SPN Suspect Parameter Number (from SAE J1939 standard)
Note:
An Axiomatic Electronic Assistant KIT may be ordered as P/N: AX070502 or AX070506K

User Manual UMAX021610. Version: 2A 3-65
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OVERVIEW OF CONTROLLER .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1. DESCRIPTION OF SINGLE UNIVERSAL INPUT TO PROPORTIONAL VALVE OUTPUT CONTROLLER ............................. 5
1.2. DUAL LED OUTPUT FUNCTION BLOCK................................................................................................................ 6
1.3. UNIVERSAL INPUT FUNCTION BLOCK................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1. Input Sensor Types....................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.2. Pullup / Pulldown Resistor Options.............................................................................................................................. 8
1.3.3. Active High / Active Low Options ................................................................................................................................. 8
1.3.4. Counter Type................................................................................................................................................................ 9
1.3.5. Minimum and Maximum Ranges ................................................................................................................................. 9
1.3.6. Input Software Filter Types ........................................................................................................................................ 10
1.4. INTERNAL FUNCTION BLOCK CONTROL SOURCES ............................................................................................. 10
1.5. DUAL LED BLOCK CONTROL SOURCES ............................................................................................................ 12
1.6. OUTPUT DRIVE FUNCTION BLOCKS ................................................................................................................... 13
1.7. PID CONTROL FUNCTION BLOCK ...................................................................................................................... 18
1.8. DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION BLOCKS ....................................................................................................................... 20
1.9. SIMPLE CONDITIONAL LOGIC FUNCTION BLOCKS............................................................................................... 24
1.10. SET /RESET FUNCTION BLOCK......................................................................................................................... 25
1.11. LOOKUP TABLE FUNCTION BLOCK .................................................................................................................... 26
1.11.1. Auto Update on Setpoint Changes............................................................................................................................. 26
1.11.2. X-Axis, Input Data Response....................................................................................................................................... 26
1.11.3. Y-Axis, Lookup Table Output ...................................................................................................................................... 26
1.11.4. Default Configuration, Data Response....................................................................................................................... 27
1.11.5. Point To Point Response ............................................................................................................................................ 27
1.11.6. X-Axis, Time Response................................................................................................................................................ 29
1.12. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC FUNCTION BLOCK ....................................................................................................... 30
1.12.1. Conditions Evaluation ................................................................................................................................................ 33
1.12.2. Table Selection ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
1.12.3. Logic Block Output ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
1.13. MATH FUNCTION BLOCK................................................................................................................................... 36
1.14. CAN TRANSMIT FUNCTION BLOCK.................................................................................................................... 37
1.15. DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC) REACT ...................................................................................................... 38
1.16. CAN RECEIVE FUNCTION BLOCK...................................................................................................................... 38
2. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 39
2.1. DIMENSIONS AND PINOUT ................................................................................................................................. 39
2.2. MOUNTING INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 39
3. OVERVIEW OF J1939 FEATURES ....................................................................................................................... 41
3.1. INTRODUCTION TO SUPPORTED MESSAGES....................................................................................................... 41
3.2. NAME, ADDRESS AND SOFTWARE ID ............................................................................................................... 42
4. ECU SETPOINTS ACCESSED WITH THE AXIOMATIC ELECTRONIC ASSISTANT ........................................ 44
4.1. J1939 NETWORK ............................................................................................................................................. 44
4.2. MISCELLANEOUS SETPOINTS ............................................................................................................................ 44
4.3. LED CONTROL................................................................................................................................................. 45
4.4. UNIVERSAL INPUT............................................................................................................................................. 46
4.5. PROPORTIONAL OUTPUT DRIVE ........................................................................................................................ 47
4.6. CONSTANT DATA LIST SETPOINTS .................................................................................................................... 49
4.7. LOOKUP TABLE SETPOINTS .............................................................................................................................. 49
4.8. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC SETPOINTS ................................................................................................................. 50
4.9. MATH FUNCTION BLOCK SETPOINTS ................................................................................................................. 52
4.10. CAN RECEIVE SETPOINTS ................................................................................................................................ 53
4.11. DTC REACT..................................................................................................................................................... 54

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4.12. DIAGNOSTICS BLOCKS ..................................................................................................................................... 54
4.13. CAN TRANSMIT SETPOINTS.............................................................................................................................. 57
5. REFLASHING OVER CAN WITH THE AXIOMATIC EA BOOTLOADER............................................................ 59
6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................................ 63
6.1. POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................................... 63
6.2. INPUTS............................................................................................................................................................. 63
6.3. OUTPUT ........................................................................................................................................................... 63
6.4. COMMUNICATION.............................................................................................................................................. 63
6.5. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 64
7. VERSION HISTORY............................................................................................................................................... 65

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1. OVERVIEW OF CONTROLLER
1.1. Description of Single Universal Input to Proportional Valve Output Controller
This User Manual describes the architecture and functionality of the Universal Input to Single
Output Valve Controller with LED.
All inputs and logical function blocks on the unit are inherently independent from one another, but
can be configured to interact in a large number of ways. Figure 1 shows the hardware features of
the 1IN-1OUT-LED.
Figure 1 – Hardware Functional Block Diagram
The controller (1IN-1OUT-LED) is designed for versatile control of a universal input and a
proportional valve output. Its flexible hardware design allows for the controller to have a wide range
of input and output types. The sophisticated control algorithms/logical function blocks allow the
user to configure the controller for a wide range of applications without the need for custom
firmware.
The various function blocks supported by the 1IN-1OUT-LED are outlined in the following sections.
All setpoints are configurable using Axiomatic service tool, the Axiomatic Electronic Assistant (EA).
The universal input can be configured to read analog signals: Voltage, Current, and Resistance as
well as digital signals: Frequency/RPM, PWM, Digital, and Counter types. The inputs are described
in more detail in section 1.3.
Similarly, the output can be configured to different types: Proportional Current, Voltage, PWM,
Hotshot Digital Current and Digital (ON/OFF). Each output consists of a high side half-bridge driver
able to source up to 3Amps with hardware shutdown at 4Amps. The outputs are described in more
detail in section 1.5.

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Additionally, the 1IN-1OUT-LED includes a dual LED which is visible from outside the housing. The
LED can be configured in various ways to visually inform the user of the controller’s operations.
The LED configuration is described in more detail in section 1.2.
1.2. Dual LED Output Function Block
The 1IN-1OUT-LED supports a dual LED (Green and Red). The dual LED output can be used to
inform the user of the status the controller is in.
The structure of the output block for the dual LED output is based on stages. The 1IN-1OUT-LED
provides the user with up to four different stages in order to provide more flexibility to the dual LED
output functionality.
Each of the four stages consists of its independent control source and digital response. However,
only one stage can be active at a time. For this reason, the 4-stage structure is based on priority in
which the 4th stage has the highest priority and the 1st stage has the lowest priority. In other words:
if all 4 stages are true, the response set for stage 4 will be used to drive the LED. In the instance
when none of the stages is active (ON), the Dual LED function block has another group which is
the default stage. When none of the stages are active, the user can configure the default stage to
command the LED in various ways as long as none of the stages are active.
The control sources that can be used to command each of the four stages are listed in section 1.5
Table 11. The control sources available for the dual LED output consist of the same control source
options as Table 9 with the addition of controller fault options to drive the LED. Hence, the dual
LED can be configured to be driven when a (selected) fault occurs.
The output types available for the dual LED for each stage are listed in Table1 below
Value
Meaning
0
LEDs Disabled
1
Green
2
Yellow
3
Red
4
Toggle Green/Red
Table 1 – LED Output Types
The LED Responses that are available for each stage in the 1IN-1OUT-LED are listed in Table 2
below
Value
Meaning
0
Normal On/Off
1
Blinking Logic
Table 2 – LED Response Options

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In ‘Normal On/Off’ response type, the output command state will follow the control input command:
when the control input command is ON, the output will be turned ON and vice-versa.
In ‘Blinking Logic’ response type, the output will toggle at a period of ‘Digital Blink Rate’ for as
long as the input command is ON.
The “Control Source” setpoint together with “Control Number” setpoint determine which signal is
used to drive the output. For example setting “Control Source” to ‘Universal Input Measured’ and
“Control Number” to ‘1’, connects signal measured from Universal Input 1 to the output in
question. The input signal is scaled per input type range between 0 and 1 to form control signal.
1.3. Universal Input Function Block
The controller consists of one universal input. The universal input can be configured to measure
voltage, current, resistance, frequency, pulse width modulation (PWM) and digital signals.
1.3.1. Input Sensor Types
Table 3 lists the supported input types by the controller. The Input Sensor Type parameter
provides a dropdown list with the input types described in Table 3. Changing the Input Sensor
Type affects other setpoints within the same setpoint group such as Minimum/Maximum
Error/Range by refreshing them to new input type and thus should be changed first.
0
Disabled
10
Voltage 0 to 1V
11
Voltage 0 to 2.5V
12
Voltage 0 to 5V
13
Voltage 0 to 10V
20
Current 0 to 20mA
21
Current 4 to 20mA
30
Resistive 30Ohm to 250kOhm
40
Frequency 0.5 to 50Hz
41
Frequency 10Hz to 1kHz
42
Frequency 100Hz to 10kHz
50
PWM Low Frequency (<1kHz)
51
PWM High Frequency (>100Hz)
60
Digital (Normal)
61
Digital (Inverse)
62
Digital (Latched)
70
Counter (0-10kHz)
Table 3 – Universal Input Sensor Type Options
All analog input types are fed directly into a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in the
microcontroller. All voltage input types are high impedance while current input types use a 124Ω
resistor to measure the signal.
Frequency/RPM, Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) and Counter Input Sensor Typesare connected
to the microcontroller timers. Pulses per Revolution setpoint is only taken into consideration when

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the Input Sensor Type selected is one of the frequency types as per Table 3. When Pulses per
Revolution setpoint is set to 0, the measurements taken will be in units of [Hz]. If Pulses per
Revolution setpoint is set to higher than 0, the measurements taken will be in units of [RPM].
Digital Input Sensor Types offers three modes: Normal, Inverse, and Latched. The measurements
taken with digital input types are 1 (ON) or 0 (OFF).
1.3.2. Pullup / Pulldown Resistor Options
With Input Sensor Types: Frequency/RPM, PWM, Digital, the user has the option of three (3)
different pull up/pull down options as listed in Table 4.
0
Pullup/Pulldown Off
1
10kΩ Pullup
2
10kΩ Pulldown
Table 4 – Pullup/Pulldown Resistor Options
These options can be enabled or disabled by adjust the setpoint Pullup/Pulldown Resistor in the
Axiomatic Electronic Assistant.
1.3.3. Active High / Active Low Options
In the case of Digital Inputs, the options Active High/Active Low are used to configure how a
signal high or signal low is interpreted. The following table below are the available options
provided. By default, Active High is selected.
0
Active High
1
Active Low
Table 5 – Active High / Active Low Options
Table 6 show the effect of different digital input types on input signal measurement interpretation
with recommended Pullup/Pulldown Resistor and Active High/Active Low combinations. Fault
diagnostics are not available in Digital Input types.
Input Sensor Type
Active High with
10kΩ Pulldown
Active Low with
10kΩ Pullup
Input State
60
Digital (Normal)
Signal High
Signal Low or Open
1 (ON)
Signal Low or Open
Signal High
0 (OFF)
61
Digital (Inverse)
Signal High or Open
Signal Low
1 (ON)
Signal Low
Signal High or Open
0 (OFF)
62
Digital (Latched)
Signal High to Low
Signal Low to High
0 (No Change)
Signal Low to High
Signal High to Low
1 (State Change)
Table 6 – Digital Input State options based on Selected Options

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1.3.4. Counter Type
The 1IN-1OUT-LED controller supports three different variations of the Counter input type. These
variations are listed in Table 7 below:
0
Pulses Within Measuring Window
1
Time Measurement of Pulse Count
2
Trigger on Pulse Count Completion
Table 7 – Counter Input Types
The first option Pulses Within Measuring Window is used to count the number of pulses that occur
within a configurable time frame (Measuring Window) in terms of milliseconds. This particular
Counter type uses the other setpoint Measuring Window to select the time frame in which pulses
are to be counted.
Time Measurement of Pulse Count is another option which allows time measurement of selected
number of pulses to occur. Time measurement can be from 0ms to 65,000ms. If the time
measurement has reached it maximum but not yet counted the selected number of pulses, the
time will remain at maximum value. Therefore, it is important to select a number of pulses which
could occur within the maximum time frame. Once the selected number of pulses have been read,
the time will be restarted until the pulses have been read.
Trigger on Pulse Count Completion is Counter input type which triggers an ‘ON’ signal as soon as
the selected number of pulses have been read. Setpoints Pulses to Count, Edge to Trigger
Pulse and Trigger on First Pulse work together in this particular Counter type. When the
controller reads all pulses in Pulses to Count, the input will be triggered ‘ON’ until the next pulse is
received which will reset the trigger to ‘OFF’. The setpoint Edge to Trigger determines on which
edge of the pulse is the pulse count to be incremented. If the edge selected is Falling Edge, then
the pulse count will not be incremented until the falling edge of the pulse is received. Likewise, if
the selected edge is Rising Edge, then the pulse count will be incremented as soon as the rising
edge of the pulse is received. The other setpoint is Trigger on First Pulse. This setpoint gives the
user the option of triggering on the first pulse counted or the last pulse counted in Pulses to
Count.
For example, if Pulses to Count is set to 100, Edge to Trigger is set to Rising Edge and Trigger
on First Pulse is set to TRUE, then the rising edge of the first pulse will trigger an ‘ON’ signal. The
signal will remain ‘ON’ until the rising edge of the second pulse is received which turns the signal
to ‘OFF’. After a count of another 100 pulses is met, the signal will turn back ‘ON’ and the cycle
starts again.
1.3.5. Minimum and Maximum Ranges
The Minimum Range and Maximum Range setpoints are used to create the overall useful range
of the inputs. For example if Minimum Range is set to 0.5V and Maximum Range is set to 4.5V,
the overall useful range (0-100%) is between 0.5V to 4.5V. Anything below the Minimum Range
will saturate at Minimum Range. Similarly, anything above the Maximum Range will saturate at
Maximum Range. In order to generate an input fault if the measured input falls output of the
Minimum Range or Maximum Range, the Diagnostics function block can be used. Please refer to
Section 1.8 for more details.

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1.3.6. Input Software Filter Types
All input types with the exception of Digital (Normal), Digital (Inverse), Digital (Latched) can be
filtered using Filter Type and Filter Constant setpoints. There are three (3) filter types available
as listed in Table 8.
0
No Filtering
1
Moving Average
2
Repeating Average
Table 8 – Input Filtering Types
The first filter option No Filtering, provides no filtering to the measured data. Thus the measured
data will be directly used to the any function block which uses this data.
The second option, Moving Average, applies the ‘Equation 1’ below to measured input data, where
ValueN represents the current input measured data, while ValueN-1 represents the previous filtered
data. The Filter Constant is the Filter Constant setpoint.
Equation 1 - Moving Average Filter Function:
The third option, Repeating Average, applies the ‘Equation 2’ below to measured input data, where
N is the value of Filter Constant setpoint. The filtered input, Value, is the average of all input
measurements taken in N (Filter Constant) number of reads. When the average is taken, the
filtered input will remain until the next average is ready.
Equation 2 - Repeating Average Transfer Function:
1.4. Internal Function Block Control Sources
The 1IN-1OUT-LED controller allows for internal function block sources to be selected from the list
of the logical function blocks supported by the controller. As a result, any output from one function
block can be selected as the control source for another. Keep in mind that not all options make
sense in all cases, but the complete list of control sources is shown in Table 9.
Value
Meaning
0
Control Source Not Used
1
CAN Receive Message
2
Universal Input Measured
3
Output Target

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4
Output Feedback
5
Lookup Table Function Block
6
Mathematical Function Block
7
Programmable Logic Function Block
8
PID Function Block
9
Conditional Block
10
Set-Reset Block
11
Constant Data List Block
12
Diagnostic Trouble Code
13
Measured Power Supply
14
Measured Processor Temperature
15
Receive Message Timeout
Table 9 – Control Source Options
In addition to a source, each control also has a number which corresponds to the sub-index of the
function block in question. Table 10 outlines the ranges supported for the number objects,
depending on the source that had been selected.
Control Source
Control Source Number
Control Source Not Used (Ignored)
[0]
CAN Receive Message
[1…5]
Universal Input Measured
[1…1]
Output Target
[1…1]
Output Feedback
[1…1]
Lookup Table Function Block
[1…5]
Mathematical Function Block
[1…4]
Programmable Logic Function Block
[1…2]
PID Function Block
[1…1]
Conditional Logic Block
[1…4]
Set-Reset Block
[1…3]
Constant Data List Block
[1…15]
Diagnostic Trouble Code
[1…5]
Measured Power Supply
[1…1]
Measured Processor Temperature
[1…1]
Receive Message Timeout
[1…1]
Table 10 – Control Source Number Options

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Figure 2 - Analog source to Digital input
1.5. Dual LED Block Control Sources
The Dual LED function block allows for the LEDs to be driven by the list shown in Section 1.4 as
well as faults that have occurred in the controller. Table 11 lists all available control sources for the
dual LED function block
Value
Meaning
0
Control Source Not Used
1
Universal Input Fault
2
Proportional Output Fault
3
CAN Communication Fault
4
Power Supply Fault
5
Temperature Fault
6
CAN Receive Message
7
Universal Input Measured
8
Output Target
9
Output Feedback
10
Lookup Table Function Block
11
Mathematical Function Block
12
Programmable Logic Function Block
13
PID Function Block
14
Conditional Block
15
Set-Reset Block
16
Constant Data List Block
17
Diagnostic Trouble Code
Table 11 – Control Source Options
In addition to a source, each control also has a number which corresponds to the sub-index of the
function block in question. Table 12 outlines the ranges supported for the number objects,
depending on the source that had been selected.

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Control Source
Control Source Number
Control Source Not Used (Ignored)
[0]
Universal Input Fault
[1…1]
Proportional Output Fault
[1…1]
CAN Communication Fault
[1…1]
Power Supply Fault
[1…1]
Temperature Fault
[1…1]
CAN Receive Message
[1…5]
Universal Input Measured
[1…1]
Output Target
[1…1]
Output Feedback
[1…1]
Lookup Table Function Block
[1…5]
Mathematical Function Block
[1…4]
Programmable Logic Function Block
[1…2]
PID Function Block
[1…1]
Conditional Logic Block
[1…4]
Set-Reset Block
[1…3]
Constant Data List Block
[1…15]
Diagnostic Trouble Code
[1…5]
Table 12 – Control Source Number Options
1.6. Output Drive Function Blocks
The controller consists of a single proportional output. Output consists of a high side half-bridge
driver able to source up to 3Amps. The outputs are connected to independent microcontroller timer
peripherals and thus can be configured independently from 1Hz to 25kHz.
The Output Type setpoint determines what kind of signal the output produces. Changing this
setpoint causes other setpoints in the group to update to match selected type. For this reason, the
first setpoint that should be changed prior to configuring other setpoints is the Output Type
setpoint. The supported output types by the controller are listed in Table 13 below:
0
Disabled
1
Proportional Current
2
Digital Hotshot
3
PWM Duty Cycle
4
Proportional Voltage (0-Vps)
5
Digital (0-Vps)
Table 13 – Output Type Options
There are two setpoints that are associated to Proportional Current and Digital Hotshot Output
Types that are not with others - these are Dither Frequency and Dither Amplitude. The dither
signal is used in Proportional Current mode and is a low frequency signal superimposed on top of
the high frequency (25kHz) signal controlling the output current. The two outputs have independent
dither frequencies which can be adjusted at any time. The combination of Dither Amplitude and
Dither Frequency must be appropriately selected to ensure fast response to the coil to small
changes in the control inputs but not so large as to affect the accuracy or stability of the output.

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In Proportional Voltage type, the controller measures the Vps applied to the unit and based on this
information, the controller will adjust the PWM duty cycle of the signal (0-Vps amplitude) so that the
average signal is the commanded target value. Thus, the output signal is not an analog one. In
order to create an analog signal, a simple low pass filter can be connected externally to the
controller. Note: the output signal will saturate at Vps if the Output At Maximum Command is set
higher than the supply voltage powering the controller.
In PWM Duty Cycle Output Type, the controller outputs a signal (0-Vps amplitude) on a fixed
output frequency set by PWM Output Frequency with varying PWM Duty Cycle based on
commanded input. Since both outputs are connected to independent timers, the PWM Output
Frequency setpoint can be changed at any time for each output without affecting the other.
Digital Output Type offers the user with 4 different output responses as listed in Table 14. The
controller will source any current required in any of the options listed in Table 14 up to 3Amps.
0
Normal On/Off
1
Inverse Logic
2
Latched Logic
3
Blinking Logic
4
Period Logic
Table 14 – Output Type Options
In a Normal response, when the Control input commands the output ON, then the output will be
turned ON. However, in an ‘Inverse’ response, the output will be ON unless the input commands
the output ON, in which case it turns OFF.
If a Latched response is selected, when the input commands the state from OFF to ON, the output
will change state.
If a Blinking response is selected, then while the input command the output ON, it will blink at the
rate in the Digital Blink Rate setpoint. When commanded OFF, the output will stay off. A blinking
response is only available with a Digital On/Off type of output (not a Hotshot type.)
If a Period response is selected, then three setpoints work together with this option. If setpoint
Complete Full ON/OFF Cycle is set to FALSE, then while the input command the output ON, the
output will follow the Digital ON Time and Digital OFF Time periodically until the input command
is OFF. On the other hand, if Complete Full ON/OFF Cycle is set to TRUE, then the output will
complete only one (1) full cycle of the Digital ON Time and Digital OFF Time. In this case, if the
input command signal remains ON after Digital OFF Time the output will remain off, until the
command input has transitioned states from ON to OFF back to ON to complete another one (1)
full cycle. Similarly, if the input command signal goes to OFF while the cycle is not completed, the
output will continue the cycle until it has finished and wait until the input command transition to
occur. The Digital ON Time and Digital OFF Time setpoints can be static or dynamic depending
on the control source used.
The ‘Hotshot Digital’ type is different from ‘Digital On/Off’ in that it still controls the current through
the load. This type of output is used to turn on a coil then reduce the current so that the valve will
remain open, as shown in Figure 3. Since less energy is used to keep the output engaged, this type
of response is very useful to improve overall system efficiency. With this output type there are

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associated three setpoints: Hold Current, Hotshot Current and Hotshot Time which are used to
configure form of the output signal as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 – Hotshot Digital Profile
For Proportional outputs signal minimum and maximum values are configured with Output At
Minimum Command and Output At Maximum Command setpoints. Value range for both of the
setpoints is limited by selected Output Type.
Regardless of what type of control input is selected, the output will always respond in a linear
fashion to changes in the input per ‘Equation 3’.
Equation 3 - Linear Slope Calculations
In the case of the Output Control Logic function block, X and Y are defined as
Xmin = Control Input Minimum ; Ymin = Output at Minimum Command
Xmax = Control Input Maximum; Ymax = Output at Maximum Command
In all cases, while X-axis has the constraint that Xmin < Xmax, there is no such limitation on the Y-
axis. Thus configuring Output At Minimum Command to be greater than Output At Maximum
Command allows output to follow control signal inversely.
In order to prevent abrupt changes at the output due to sudden changes in the command input, the
user can choose to use the independent up or down ramps to smooth out the coil’s response. The
Ramp Up and Ramp Down setpoints are in milliseconds, and the step size of the output change
will be determined by taking the absolute value of the output range and dividing it by the ramp
time.
The output of the controller is factory calibrated according to the output regulator parameters set
by default by Axiomatic. These parameters are: Output Regulator Proportional Gain, Output
Regulator Integral Gain, Output Regulator Derivative Gain. However, depending on an

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application, it may be necessary to tune these values to achieve a certain waveform or amplitude,
especially if dither is used and superimposed onto the output current signal.
The Control Source setpoint together with Control Number setpoint determine which signal is
used to drive the output. For example setting Control Source to Universal Input Measured and
Control Number to (1) will connect signal measured from Universal Input1 to the output in
question. The input signal is scaled per input type range between 0 and 1 to form control signal.
Outputs respond in a linear fashion to changes in control signal. If a non-digital signal is selected to
drive digital output the command state will be 0 (OFF) at or below the “Output At Minimum
Command”, 1 (ON) at or above “Output At Maximum Command” and will not change in between
those points.
In addition to the Control Source setpoint, the controller offers two more options that help
increase its versatility – Enable Source/Number/Response and Override
Source/Number/Response set of setpoints.
The Enable Source setpoint together with Enable Number setpoint determine the enable signal
for the output in question. The Enable Response setpoint is used to select how output will
respond to the selected Enable signal. Enable Response setpoint options are listed in Table 15.

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0
Enable When On, Else Shutoff
1
Enable When On, Else Rampoff
2
Enable When On, Else Ramp To Max
3
Enable When On, Else Ramp To Min
4
Enable When On, Else Keep Last Value
5
Enable When Off, Else Shutoff
6
Enable When Off, Else Rampoff
7
Enable When Off, Else Ramp To Max
8
Enable When Off, Else Ramp To Min
9
Enable When Off, Else Keep Last Value
Table 15 – Enable Response Options
Override input allows the output drive to be configured to go to a default value in the case of the
override input being engaged or disengaged, depending on the logic selected in Override
Response, presented on Table 16. When active, the output will be driven to the value in Output at
Override Command regardless of the value of the Control input. The Override Source and
Override Number together determine the Override input signal.
0
Override When On
1
Override When Off
Table 16 – Override Response Options
If a fault is detected in any of the active inputs (Control/Enable/Override) the output will respond
per Control Fault Response setpoint as outlined in Table 17. Fault Value is defined by Output in
Fault Mode setpoint value, which is interpreted in selected output units.
0
Shutoff Output
1
Apply Fault Value
2
Hold Last Value
Table 17 – Fault Response Options
Besides Enable and Override signals controlling a particular output; other fault modes than can
occur are those of a Power Supply over/under voltage and Microcontroller over-temperature. When
any of these faults occur, the output is automatically disabled until the power supply or temperature
are back in proper operating range. Refer to Section 1.8 for more details.
The outputs are inherently protected against a short to GND or Vps by hardware. In case of a dead
short, the hardware will automatically disable the output drive, regardless of what the processor is
commanding for the output. When this happens, the processor detects output hardware shutdown
and commands off the output in question. It will continue to drive non-shorted outputs normally and
periodically try to re-engage the short load, if still commanded to do so. If the fault has gone away
since the last time the output was engaged while shorted, the controller will automatically resume
normal operation.
In the case of an open circuit, there will be no interruption of the control for any of the outputs. The
processor will continue to attempt to drive the open load.

User Manual UMAX021610. Version: 2A 18-65
The measured current through the load is available to be broadcasted on a CAN message if
desired. It is also used as the input to the diagnostic function block for each output, and an open or
shorted output can be broadcasted in a DM1 message on the CAN network
1.7. PID Control Function Block
The PID Control function block is an independent logic block, but it is normally intended to be
associated with proportional output control blocks described earlier. When the Control Source for
an output has been setup as a ‘PID Function Block’, the command from the selected PID block
drives the physical output on the 1IN-1OUT-LED controller. The PID Target Command Source
and PID Target Command Number setpoints determine control input and the PID Feedback
Input Source and PID Feedback Input Number setpoints determine the established the feedback
signal to the PID function block. The PID Response Profile will use the selected inputs as per the
options listed in Table 18. When active, the PID algorithm will be called every PID Loop Update
Rate in milliseconds.
0
Single Output
1
Setpoint Control
2
On When Over Target
3
On When Below Target
Table 18 – PID Response Options
When a ‘Single Output’ response is selected, the Target and Feedback inputs do not have to share
the same units. In both cases, the signals are converted to a percentage values based on the
minimum and maximum values associated with the source function block.
For example, a CAN command could be used to set the target value, in which case it would be
converted to a percentage value using Receive Data Min and Receive Data Max setpoints in the
appropriate CAN Receive X function block. The closed-loop feedback signal (i.e. a 0-5V input)
could be connected to ‘Universal Input 1’ and selected as the feedback source. In this case the
value of the input would be converted to a percentage based on the Minimum Range and
Maximum Range setpoints in the input block. The output of the PID function would depend on the
difference between the commanded target and the measured feedback as a percentage of each
signals range. In this mode, the output of the block would be a value from -100% to 100%.
When a Setpoint Control response is selected, the PID Target Command Source automatically
gets updated to Control Constant Data and cannot be changed. The value set in the associated
constant in the Constant Data List function block becomes the desired target value. In this case,
both the target and the feedback values are assumed to be in same units and range. The minimum
and maximum values for the feedback automatically become the constraints on the constant
target. In this mode, the output of the block would be a value from 0% to 100%.
For example, if the feedback was setup as a 4-20mA input, a Constant Value X setpoint set to
14.2 would automatically be converted to 63.75%. The PID function would adjust the output as
needs to have the measured feedback to maintain that target value.
The last two response options, ‘On When Over Target’ and ‘On When Under Target’, are designed
to allow the user to combine the two proportional outputs as a push-pull drive for a system. Both
outputs must be setup to use the same control input (linear response) and feedback signal in order
to get the expected output response. In this mode, the output would be between 0% and 100%.

User Manual UMAX021610. Version: 2A 19-65
In Order to allow the output to stabilize, the user can select a non-zero value for PID Delta
Tolerance. If the absolute value of ErrorKis less than this value, ErrorKin the formula below will be
set to zero.
The PID algorithm used is shown below, where G, Ki, Ti, Kd, Td and Loop_Update_Rateare
configurable parameters.
(Note: If Ti is zero, I_Gain = 0)
Equation 4 - PID Control Algorithm
Each system will have to be turned for the optimum output response. Response times, overshoots
and other variables will have to be decided by the customer using an appropriate PID tuning
strategy. Axiomatic is not responsible for tuning the control system.

User Manual UMAX021610. Version: 2A 20-65
1.8. Diagnostic Function Blocks
The 1IN-1OUT-LED supports diagnostic messaging. DM1 message is a message, containing
Active Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) that is sent to the J1939 network in case a fault has been
detected. A Diagnostic Trouble Code is defined by the J1939 standard as a four byte value.
In addition to supporting the DM1 message, the following are supported:
DM2
Previously Active Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Sent only on request
DM3
Diagnostic Data Clear/Reset of Previously Active DTCs
Done only on request
DM11
Diagnostic Data Clear/Reset for Active DTCs
Done only on request
Fault detection and reaction is a standalone functionality that can be configured to monitor and
report diagnostics of various controller parameters. The 1IN-1OUT-LED supports 8 Diagnostics
Definitions, each freely configurable by the user.
By default, the monitoring of operating voltage, CPU temperature and receive message timeouts is
configured to diagnostics blocks 1, 2 and 3., In case any of these three diagnostics blocks are
needed for some other use, the default settings can be adjusted by the user to suit the application.
There are 4 fault types that can be used, “Minimum and maximum error”, “Absolute value
error”, “State error” and “Double minimum and maximum error”.
Minimum and maximum error has two thresholds, “MIN Shutdown” and “MAX Shutdown” that
have configurable, independent diagnostics parameters (SPN, FMI, Generate DTCs, delay before
flagging status). In case the parameter to monitor stays between these two thresholds, the
diagnostic is not flagged.
Absolute value error has one configurable threshold with configurable parameters. In case the
parameter to monitor stays below this threshold, the diagnostic is not flagged.
State error is similar to the Absolute value error, the only difference is that State error does not
allow the user to specify specific threshold values; thresholds ‘1’ and ‘0’ are used instead. This is
ideal for monitoring state information, such as received message timeouts.
Double minimum and maximum error lets user to specify four thresholds, each with independent
diagnostic parameters. The diagnostic status and threshold values is determined and expected as
show in Figure 4 below.
SPN
Suspect Parameter Number
(user defined)
FMI
Failure Mode Identifier
(see 0 and Table 11)
CM
Conversion Method
(always set to 0)
OC
Occurrence Count
(number of times the fault has happened)