Boeing 747-400 User manual

0.0 Preface -Title Page
Volume 1Title PageTitle Page
747-400
Flight Crew
Operations Manual
The Boeing Company
WARNING
DO NOT USE THIS MANUAL OR ANY OF THE RELATED
MATERIALS IN ANY WAY IN THE OPERATION, USE OR
MAINTENANCE OF ANY AIRCRAFT. THESE MATERIALS HAVE
BEEN PREPARED AND ARE PROVIDED SOLELY TO GIVE
GUIDANCE ON THE LAYOUT AND STRUCTURE OF A TYPICAL
AIRCRAFT MANUAL. THESE MATERIALS HAVE NOT BEEN
APPROVED BY ANY AVIATION ADMINISTRATION FOR USE ON
ANY AIRCRAFT AND SHOULD NEVER BE SO USED UNDER ANY
CIRCUMSTANCES. FAILURE TO FOLLOW THIS WARNING
COULD LEAD TO SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH.
Copyright © 2009
The Boeing Company
All Rights Reserved
Document Number D6-30151-400
January 1, 1999
Revision Number: 23
Revision Date: October 1, 2009
October 1, 2009

Copyright Information
Boeing claims copyright in each page of this document only to the extent that the
page contains copyrightable subject matter. Boeing also claims copyright in this
document as a compilation and/or collective work.
The right to reproduce, distribute, display, and make derivative works from this
document, or any portion thereof, requires a license from Boeing. For more
information, contact The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 3707, Seattle, Washington
98124.
Boeing 707, 717, 727, 737, 747, 757, 767, 777, 787, DC-8, DC-9, DC-10, MD-10,
MD-80, MD-90, BBJ, Boeing Business Jet, the Boeing logo symbol, and the
Boeing livery are all trademarks owned by The Boeing Company; and no
trademark license (either express or implied) is granted in connection with this
document or otherwise.
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Preface Chapter 0
Chapter Table of Contents Section 0
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
D6-30151-400 0.TOC.0.1
Volume 1
Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Model Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3
Revision Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4
List of Effective Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
Bulletin Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6
Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L
Normal Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NP
Supplementary Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SP
Performance Inflight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PI
Volume 2
Airplane General, Emergency Equipment, Doors, Windows . . . . . . . . 1
Air Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Anti-Ice, Rain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Automatic Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Engines, APU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Flight Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Flight Instruments, Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Flight Management, Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Landing Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Warning Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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Preface
Table Of Contents

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Model Identification Section 1
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D6-30151-400 0.1.1
0.1 Preface-Model Identification
PrefaceModel Identifi cation
General
The airplanes listed in the table below are covered in this manual. The numbers
distinguish data peculiar to one or more, but not all of the airplanes. Where data
applies to all airplanes listed, no reference is made to individual airplane numbers.
The table permits flight crew correlation of configuration differences by Registry
Number in alpha/numeric order within an operator’s fleet for airplanes covered in
this manual. Configuration data reflects the airplane as delivered configuration
and is updated for service bulletin incorporations in conformance with the policy
stated in the introduction section of this chapter.
Airplane Number is supplied by the operator. Registry Number is supplied by the
national regulatory agency. Serial and Tabulation Numbers are supplied by
Boeing.
Airplane Number Registry Number Engine
405 BoeingConverted
Freighter
P&W
109 Passenger P&W
570 Freighter GE
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Preface Chapter 0
Introduction Section 2
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D6-30151-400 0.2.1
0.2 Preface-Introduction
IntroductionIntroduction
General
This Flight Crew Operations Manual (FCOM) has been prepared by Boeing
Commercial Airplanes, Commercial Aviation Services organization. The purpose
of this manual is to:
• provide operating limitations, procedures, performance, and systems
information the flight crew needs to safely and efficiently operate the
747-400 airplane during all anticipated airline operations
• serve as a comprehensive reference for use during transition training for
the 747-400 airplane
• serve as a review guide for use in recurrent training and proficiency
checks
• provide operational data from the FAA approved airplane flight manual
(AFM) to ensure legal requirements are satisfied
• establish standardized procedures and practices to enhance Boeing
operational philosophy and policy
This manual is prepared for the owner/operator named on the title page
specifically for the airplanes listed in the "Model Identification" section. It
contains operational procedures and information which apply only to these
airplanes. The manual covers the Boeing delivered configuration of these
airplanes. Changes to the delivered configuration are incorporated when covered
by contractual revision agreements between the owner/operator and The Boeing
Company.
This manual is not suitable for use for any airplanes not listed in the "Model
Identification" section. Further, it may not be suitable for airplanes transferred to
other owners/operators.
Owners/operators are solely responsible for ensuring the operational
documentation they are using is complete and matches the current configuration
of the listed airplanes. This includes the accuracy and validity of all information
furnished by the owner/operator or any other party. Owners/operators receiving
active revision service are responsible to ensure modifications to the listed
airplanes are properly reflected in the operational procedures and information
contained in this manual.
The manual is periodically revised to incorporate pertinent procedural and
systems information. Items of a more critical nature will be incorporated in
operational bulletins and distributed in a timely manner. In all cases, such
revisions and changes must remain compatible with the approved AFM with
which the operator must comply. In the event of conflict with the AFM, the AFM
shall supersede.
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0.2.2 D6-30151-400
This manual assumes the user has previous multi–engine jet aircraft experience
and is familiar with basic jet airplane systems and basic pilot techniques common
to airplanes of this type. Therefore, the FCOM does not contain basic flight
information considered prerequisite training.
Any questions about the content or use of this manual can be directed to:
Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Commercial Aviation Services
Attn: 747 Manager, Flight Technical Data
P. O. Box 3707, M/C 20–89
Seattle, Washington 98124–2207 USA
Email: [e-mail]
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
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D6-30151-400 0.2.3
Organization
The FCOM is organized in the following manner.
Volume 1 –
• Preface – contains general information regarding the manual’s purpose,
structure, and content. It also contains lists of abbreviations, a record of
revisions, bulletins, and a list of effective pages
• Limitations and Normal Procedures chapters cover operational limitations
and normal procedures. All operating procedures are based on a thorough
analysis of crew activity required to operate the airplane, and reflect the
latest knowledge and experience available
• Supplementary Procedures chapter covers those procedures accomplished
as required rather than routinely on each flight
• Performance Dispatch chapter contains performance information
necessary for self dispatch
• Performance Inflight chapter contains performance information necessary
for inflight use
Volume 2 – Chapters 1 through 15 contain general airplane and systems
information. These chapters are generally subdivided into sections covering
controls and indicators and systems descriptions.
Quick Reference Handbook (QRH) – The QRH covers normal checklists,
non-normal checklists, operational information, performance information
necessary for inflight use on an expedited basis, and maneuvers.
Page Numbering
The FCOM uses a decimal page numbering system. The page number is divided
into three fields; chapter, section, and page. An example of a page number for the
hydraulics chapter follows: chapter 13, section 20, page 3.
Example Page Number
13.20.3
CHAPTER (HYDRAULICS) PAGE NUMBER
SECTION (SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION)
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0.2.4 D6-30151-400
Page Identification
Each page is identified by a document number and a page date. The document
number is composed of the general 747 FCOM number, D6-30151–, and is
followed by the manual-specific extension.
Example Page Identification
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes
The following levels of advisories are used throughout the manual and are not to
be confused with EICAS messages, which are separately identified in the text.
WARNING: An operating procedure, technique, etc., that may result in
personal injury or loss of life if not carefully followed.
CAUTION: An operating procedure, technique, etc., that may result in
damage to equipment if not carefully followed.
Note: An operating procedure, technique, etc., considered essential to
emphasize. Information contained in notes may also be safety related.
Flight Crew Operations Manual Configuration
Customer airplane configuration determines the data provided in this manual. The
Boeing Company keeps a list of each airplane configuration as it is built and
modified through the Service Bulletin process. The FCOM does not reflect
customer originated modifications without special contract provisions.
747 FLIGHT CREW OPERATIONS MANUAL NUMBER
MANUAL-SPECIFIC EXTENSION
D6-30151-400
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D6-30151-400 0.2.5
Airplane Effectivities
Differences in airplane configuration are shown by use of airplane effectivities
throughout Volumes 1 and 2, and the Quick Reference Handbook
The following rules are used to express airplane effectivities:
2. Airplane effectivities apply only to the paragraph, illustration, operational
note, procedural step, etc. and to subordinate items (if any).
Example (with subordinate items):
N-AA - N-BB
If FUEL BALLAST message displayed:
CENTER L and R PUMP SWITCHES.................................................OFF
When jettison complete:
FUEL JETTISON NOZZLE
VALVE SWITCHES (Both)...................................................................OFF
FUEL JETTISON SELECTOR............................................................OFF
In this example, the effectivity N-AA - N-BB applies to the first procedural step
and further indented (subordinate) step only. The effectivity does not apply to
the next equivalently indented step.
The first step (If FUEL BALLAST message displayed:) is effective for
airplanes N-AA - N-BB only, the second step (When jettison complete:) is
effective for all airplanes:
1. Airplane effectivities are listed in alpha-numeric order. A range of airplanes
is defined by a dash, e.g. N-MA - N-PQ includes all "M" series airplanes
and all "P" series aircraft. A comma in the effectivity range indicates
a break in the range, e.g. N-FA - N-FC, N-FE - N-FG; that is, airplane
N-FD is excluded from the range.
Example (without subordinate items):
N-XX - N-YY
Thrust reversers inoperative.
Auto speedbrake deployment inoperative. When
deployed manually, spoilers extend to flight position.
Autobrake system inoperative.
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In this example, the effectivity N-XX - N-YY applies to the first operational
note only. The effectivity does not apply to the next two equivalently indented
operational notes.
The first operational note (Thrust reverser inoperative.) is effective for
airplanes N-XX - N-YY only, the next two operational notes (Auto
speedbrake ...; Autobrake ...) are effective for all airplanes.
3. When airplane effectivities are stated immediately below a checklist title, the
entire checklist applies to the listed airplanes only. In the following example,
the FUEL STAB XFR checklist is applicable to N-XX - N-YY only:
4. When Boeing has been notified airplanes are to be modified by service bulletin
(SB), the effectivity statement will include ‘before’ and ‘after’ versions, as
appropriate, in parentheses. Depending upon the modification, there may not be
both a ‘before’ and an ‘after’ version.
The text before the semicolon in the parentheses lists the range of airplanes
being modified. The text after the semicolon indicates the ‘before’ or ‘after’
version and briefly describes what the SB does. The following examples
illustrate this:
Example (‘before’ version):
(SB changes N-AA - N-BB ; before SB, thrust reverser locks not installed)
installation of thrust reverser locks in this example) is scheduled to begin
for airplanes N-AA - N-BB. The words "before SB, thrust reverser locks not
installed" indicate the associated operational note (One symmetircal pair of
thrust reversers is inoperative.) applies to N-AA - N-BB until the SB has
been incorporated.
FUEL STAB XFR
N-XX - N-YY
One symmetrical pair of thrust reversers is inoperative.
"SB changes N-AA - N-BB" means the incorporation of the SB (i.e.
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D6-30151-400 0.2.7
Example (‘after’ version):
N-XX - N-YY
(SB changes N-AA - N-BB ; thrust reverser locks installed)
Thrust reversers inoperative.
For airplanes N-XX - N-YY, the SB (i.e. installation of thrust reverser locks in
this example) has been incorporated. The associated operational note
(Thrust reversers inoperative.) applies to N-XX - N-YY.
"SB changes N-AA - N-BB" means the incorporation of the SB (i.e.
installation of reverser locks in this example) is scheduled to begin for
airplanes N-AA - N-BB. The words "thrust reverser locks installed" indicate
the associated operational note (Thrust reversers inoperative.) will apply to
N-AA - N-BB when the SB has been incorporated.
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Preface Chapter 0
Abbreviations Section 3
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
D6-30151-400 0.3.1
0.3 Preface-Abbreviations
Abbreviations
General
The following abbreviations may be found throughout the manual. Some
abbreviations may also appear in lowercase letters. Abbreviations having very
limited use are explained in the chapter where they are used.
A
AC Alternating Current
ACARS Aircraft Communications
Addressing and
Reporting System
ACT Active
ADC Air Data Computer
ADF Automatic Direction
Finder
ADP Air Driven Pump/Air
Driven Demand
Hydraulic Pump
AFDS Autopilot Flight Director
System
AFM Airplane Flight Manual
(FAA approved)
AGL Above Ground Level
ALT Altitude
ALTN Alternate
ANP Actual Navigation
Performance
AOA Angle of Attack
A/P Autopilot
APP Approach
APU Auxiliary Power Unit
ARPT Airport
A/S Airspeed
A/T Autothrottle
ATA Actual Time of Arrival
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATT Attitude
AUTO Automatic
AUX Auxiliary
AVAIL Available
AVM Airborne Vibration
Monitor
AVS Alternate Ventilation
System
B
BARO Barometric
BAT Battery
BRT Bright
BTL DISCH Bottle Discharge (fire
extinguishers)
B/C Back Course
BTB(S) Bus Tie Breaker(s)
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0.3.2 D6-30151-400
C
CCaptain
Celsius
Center
CAS Calibrated Airspeed
CANC/
RCL
Cancel/Recall
CB Circuit Breaker
CG Center of Gravity
CDU Control Display Unit
CHKL Checklist
CLB Climb
CMD Command
COMM Communication
CON Continuous
CONFIG Configuration
CRZ Cruise
D
DA(H) Decision Altitude
(Height)
DC Direct Current
DDG Dispatch Deviations
Guide
DEP ARR Departure Arrival
DES Descent
DH Decision Height
DISC Disconnect
DME Distance Measuring
Equipment
E
E/D End of Descent
EEC Electronic Engine
Control
EFIS Electronic Flight
Instrument System
EFB Electronic Flight Bag
EGT Exhaust Gas Temperature
EICAS Engine Indication and
Crew Alerting System
ELEC Electrical
ELEV Elevator
ENG Engine
E/O Engine Out
EPR Engine Pressure Ratio
EXEC Execute
EXT Extend or External
E/E Electrical and Electronic
F
F Fahrenheit
FCC Flight Control Computer
FCTL Flight Control
F/D or
FLT DIR
Flight Director
FLPRN Flaperon
FMC Flight Management
Computer
FMS Flight Management
System
F/O First Officer
FPA Flight Path Angle
FPV Flight Path Vector
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Abbreviations
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D6-30151-400 0.3.3
G
GA Go–Around
GEN Generator
GPS Global Positioning
System
GPWS Ground Proximity
Warning System
GW Gross Weight
H
HDG Heading
HDG REF Heading Reference
HDG SEL Heading Select
HPA Hectopascals
I
IAF Initial Approach Fix
IAN Integrated Approach
Navigation
IAP Initial Approach Point
IAS Indicated Airspeed
IDENT Identification
IDG Integrated Drive
Generator
IDS Integrated Display
System
IFE In-flight Entertainment
System
IN Inches
IND LTS Indicator Lights
ILS Instrument Landing
System
ISFD Integrated Standby Flight
Display
K
K Knots
KIAS Knots Indicated Airspeed
L
LLeft
LBS Pounds
LDA Localizer-type
Directional Aid
LDG ALT Landing Altitude
LIM Limit
LKD Locked
LNAV Lateral Navigation
LWR CTR Lower Center
LWR DSPL Lower Display
M
MMach
MAG Magnetic
MAN Manual
MCP Mode Control Panel
MDA(H) Minimum Descent
Altitude (Height)
MEL Minimum Equipment List
MIC Microphone
MHZ Megahertz
MIN Minimum
MKR Marker
MLW Maximum Landing
Weight
MMO Maximum Mach
Operating Speed
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0.3.4 D6-30151-400
MOD Modify
MSL Mean Sea Level
MTOW Maximum Takeoff
Weight
MTRS Meters
MTW Maximum Taxi Weight
MZFW Maximum Zero Fuel
Weight
N
NAV RAD Navigation Radio
ND Navigation Display
NM Nautical Miles
NORM Normal
N1 Low Pressure Rotor
Speed
N2 High Pressure Rotor
Speed (Pratt & Whitney,
General Electric engines)
Intermediate Pressure
Rotor Speed
(Rolls–Royce engines)
N3 High Pressure Rotor
Speed (Rolls–Royce
engines)
O
OAT Outside Air Temperature
OVHD Overhead
OVRD Override
P
PA Passenger Address
PASS Passenger
PERF INIT Performance
Initialization
PF Pilot Flying
PFD Primary Flight Display
PM Pilot Monitoring
PLI Pitch Limit Indicator
PNL Panel
POS Position
POS INIT Position Initialization
PRESS Pressure
PSI Pounds Per Square Inch
PTT Push to Talk
PVD Para-Visual Display
PWS Predictive Windshear
Q
QFE Local Station Pressure
QNE Standard Altimeter
(29.92 in/1013 HPa)
QNH Local Station Pressure
Corrected to MSL
R
R Right
RA Radio Altitude
Resolution Advisory
RECIRC Recirculation
REF Reference
RET Retract
RF Refill
RMI Radio Magnetic Indicator
RSV XFER Reserve Transfer
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Abbreviations
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D6-30151-400 0.3.5
RTO Rejected Takeoff
RTP Radio Tuning Panel
RWY Runway
S
SAT Static Air Temperature
S/C Step Climb
SDF Simplified Directional
Facility
SEL Select
SELCAL Selective Call
SPD Speed
STA Station
STAB Stabilizer
STAT Status
STBY Standby
STD Standard
SYNC Synchronous
SYS System
T
T or TRU True
T or TK or
TRK
Track
TA Traffic Advisory
TACAN Tactical Air Navigation
TAS True Airspeed
T/C Top-of-Climb
TCAS Traffic Alert and
Collision Avoidance
System
T/D Top of Descent
TFC Traffic
TO Takeoff
TO/GA Takeoff/Go–Around
TRU Transformer Rectifier
Unit
U
UNLKD Unlocked
UPR DSPL Upper Display
UTC Coordinated Universal
Time
V
VA Design Maneuvering
Speed
VHF Very High Frequency
VMO Maximum Operating
Speed
VNAV Vertical Navigation
VOR VHF Omnidirectional
Range
VR Rotation Speed
VREF Reference Speed
VSI Vertical Speed Indicator
VTK Vertical Track
V/S Vertical Speed
V1 Takeoff Decision Speed
V2 Takeoff Safety Speed
W
WPT Waypoint
WXR Weather Radar
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X
X-BLD Crossbleed
XTK Cross Track
X FEED Crossfeed
Z
ZFW Zero Fuel Weight
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