CAKEWALK PRO AUDIO User manual

Cakewalk ProAudio
User’sGuide
©™

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not repre-
sent a commitment on the part of Twelve Tone Systems, Inc. The software described
in this document is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement.
The software may be used or copied only in accordance of the terms of the agree-
ment. It is against the law to copy this software on any medium except as specifically
allowedin theagreement. Nopart ofthis documentmay bereproduced ortransmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of Twelve Tone
Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 1999 Twelve Tone Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Program Copyright © 1999 Twelve Tone Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cakewalk is a registered trademark of Twelve Tone Systems, Inc. Cakewalk Pro Audio,
Cakewalk Professional, Cakewalk Home Studio, Cakewalk Guitar Studio, Cakewalk
Audio FX, Cakewalk Metro, Cakewalk Overture, Cakewalk Score Writer, Virtual Juke-
box, Virtual Piano, CFX, StudioWare, and the Cakewalk logo are trademarks of
Twelve Tone Systems, Inc. Other company and product names are trademarks of their
respective owners.
Visit Cakewalk on the World Wide Web at www.cakewalk.com.

TableofContents
TableofContents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Registering Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
About Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Music Composition and Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Game Sound Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Sound Production and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Web Authoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Film and Video Scoring and Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Pro Audio Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Working on a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Other Types of Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Computers, Sound, and Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Starting Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Starting to Use Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
2 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
Tutorial 1ÑPlaying a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Rehearsal Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Opening a Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Playing the Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Restarting the Song Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

iv
Changing the Tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Muting and Soloing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Changing a Track's Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Playing Music on a Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Transposing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Tutorial 2ÑRecording MIDI and Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Rehearsal Time, Part 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Opening the Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Recording MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Loop Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
Punch-In Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Recording Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Recording Multiple Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
Tutorial 3ÑAudio Editing and Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
Audio Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
Opening the Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
The Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
Stretching the Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
Adding the Announcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Trimming the Announcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
Editing the Announcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35
Making It Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36
Mixing the Radio Spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37
Automating Your Mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
Saving the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
3 Controlling Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
The ÒNow TimeÓ and How to Use It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Displaying the Now Time in Large Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Other Ways to Set the Now Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Controlling Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Handling Stuck Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Track-by-Track Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Silencing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Soloing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Changing Track Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Setting Up Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Assigning Tracks to Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
Choosing the Instrument Sound (Bank and Patch) . . . . . . . 3-20
Adding Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Adjusting Volume and Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Assigning a MIDI Channel (Chn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24

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Adjusting the Key/Transposing a Track (Key+) . . . . . . . . . . .3-26
Adjusting the Note Velocity (Vel+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27
Adjusting the Time Alignment of a MIDI Track (Time+) . . . .3-28
Other MIDI Playback Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-29
Video Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30
4 Recording a Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Creating a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
Creating a New Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
Setting the Time and Key Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3
Setting the Metronome and Tempo Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Setting the Audio Sampling Rate and Bit Depth . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
Setting the MIDI Timing Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8
Preparing to Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9
Recording Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9
Choosing a Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
Arming Tracks for Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14
Auto Arming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14
Recording Music from a MIDI Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
Virtual Piano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
Recording Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16
Tuning an Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-19
Loop Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-20
Punch Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22
Step Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-24
Step Pattern Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27
Recording Channel by Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-28
Importing Music and Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-30
Importing Wave (.wav) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-30
Importing Material from Another Cakewalk Project . . . . . . .4-31
Importing MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-31
Saving Your Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-32
Labeling Your Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34
File Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36
MIDI Input and Echo Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36
Input Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36
MIDI Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37
Local Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-38
5 Arranging Tracks and Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Arranging Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2
Changing the Order of Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

vi
Copying Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Erasing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Arranging Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Displaying Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Selecting Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Moving and Copying Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Working with Partial Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Markers and the Snap Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Showing Gridlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Defining and Using the Snap Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Creating and Using Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Working with Linked Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Splitting and Combining Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Adding Effects in the Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Changing Tempos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Using the Tempo Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Using the Tempo Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Using the Tempo View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
6 Editing Events and Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1
The Piano Roll View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Note Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Controllers Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Track List Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Opening the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Selecting and Editing Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Working with Multiple Tracks in the Piano Roll View . . . . . . 6-7
Note Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Selecting and Editing Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Transposing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
Shifting Events in Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Inserting Measures into a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Stretching and Shrinking Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Reversing Notes in a Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Adding Crescendos and Decrescendos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Changing the Timing of a Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Fit Improvisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Searching for Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
Event Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Controllers, RPNs, NRPNs, and
Automation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34

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Using the Controllers Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-36
The Event List View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-42
Event List Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-43
Event List Display Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-45
Editing Events and Event Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-45
Additional Event Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-47
MIDI Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-49
Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-49
Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-50
Adding Echo/Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-51
Filtering Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-52
Adding Arpeggio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-52
Analyzing Chords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-54
Changing Velocities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-55
Transposing MIDI Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-56
7 Editing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Digital Audio Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
Basic Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
ExampleÑA Guitar String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
Recording a Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6
The Decibel Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7
Audio Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8
Managing Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9
The Audio View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10
Basic Audio Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-11
Editing Event Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-12
Setting Volume and Pan Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-14
Moving, Copying, and Deleting Audio Events . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-16
Splitting Audio Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-16
Combining Audio Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-17
Applying Fades with the Draw Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-18
Scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20
Basic Audio Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20
Increasing or Decreasing Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22
Reversing Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-23
Equalizing Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-24
Advanced Audio Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-25
Removing Silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-25
Extracting Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-27
Detecting Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-32
Parametric Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-33

viii
Fades and Crossfades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
Audio Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
Mixing Audio Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38
Adding Parametric Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-39
Adding Chorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40
Applying Delay and Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41
Adding Flanging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
Applying Reverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43
Shifting Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44
Stretching Time and Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45
8 Working with Notation and Lyrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1
The Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Opening the Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Staff Pane Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
The Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Fretboard Popup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Basic Musical Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Inserting Notes on the Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Inserting Notes with the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Selecting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Moving, Copying, and Deleting Notes on the Staff . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Auditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Changing Note Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Deglitch Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Working with Triplets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Beaming of Rests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
Changing the Way Notes Are Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
Using Enharmonic Spellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
MIDI Channels and Voices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
You can disable the forced mapping of MIDI channels. For more
information, see Appendix D: MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
MIDI Channels and the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Chords and Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Adding Chord Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Adding Expression Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
Adding Hairpin Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
Adding Pedal Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
Tablature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Tablature Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Changing Fretboard Texture and Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Quick TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Regenerate TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32

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Entering Notes from the TAB Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-33
You can enter notes or chords directly from the TAB staff. . .8-33
Single Note Editing from the TAB Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-34
Editing Chords or Groups of Notes from the TAB Staff . . . . .8-34
Editing Notes and Chords from the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . .8-35
Working with Percussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-35
Setting Up a Percussion Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-36
Setting Up a Percussion Staff or Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-36
Ghost Strokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-38
Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-39
The Meter/Key View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-40
What Is Meter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-40
What Is Key? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-41
Opening the Meter/Key View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-42
Adding and Editing Meter/Key Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-42
Working with Lyrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-44
Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-45
Opening the Lyrics View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-46
Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Lyrics View . . . . . . . . . . . .8-46
9 Mixing and Effects Patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
The Console View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-2
Configuring the Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-4
Mixing MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-8
Routing and Mixing Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-10
Audio Track Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-13
Aux Busses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-13
Audio Main Output Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-15
Using Real-Time Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-16
Using Control Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-19
Using Remote Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-23
Recording Automation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-25
Mixing Down and Distributing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-27
Preparing Audio for Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-29
10 Using Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Assigning Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-2
Importing Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-4
Creating Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-5
Creating Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-8
Copying Name Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-9

x
Assigning the Bank Select Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
Assigning Patch Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10
Assigning Note Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
Assigning Controller, RPN, and NRPN Names . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
11 Working with StudioWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-1
StudioWare Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Using Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4
Grouping Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6
Recording Control Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Control Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
StudioWare Panel Drawing Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13
Designing and Implementing Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13
Creating a New Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
Adding and Arranging Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16
Using Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18
Functional Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Customizing the Appearance of a Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-28
Advanced Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31
Alias Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31
Using Aliases for Track and Port Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-34
Hiding Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-34
Grouping Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-35
Widget Tips and Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-36
TutorialÑCreating a Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-37
Starting Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-38
Adding a Pop-Up Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-38
Controlling MIDI Sustain and Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-40
Volume Control and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-42
Adding Labels and Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-43
12 Using Layouts and Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-1
Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
Template Example: Three MIDI Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6
13 Improving Audio Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-1
Audio System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
The Wave Device Profiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
DirectShow Audio Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
Configuring Pro Audio for 18-, 20-, and 24-bit Operation . . 13-12
Digital Audio Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13

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Changing the Wavedata Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-15
Deleting Unused Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-16
Compacting Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-17
Backing Up Projects with Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-18
Imported Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-19
Improving Performance with Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-20
Mixing Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-22
Queue Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-23
Status Bar/CPU Meter/Disk Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-23
14 Using System Exclusive Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
What Is System Exclusive? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-2
Sysx Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-2
Using the System Exclusive View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-3
Send . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
Send All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-3
Receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-3
More about Dump Request Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6
Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6
Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6
Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6
Edit Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-7
Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-7
Load Bank and Save Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-7
Transmitting Banks during Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-8
Real-time Recording of System Exclusive Messages . . . . . . . . . . .14-8
Sysx Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-8
Saving MIDI Files Containing Sysx Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-9
Sysx . ini File Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-9
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-10
15 Synchronizing Your Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1
Synchronization Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-2
Clock Sources with No External Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-3
MIDI Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-4
Pro Audio as the Slave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-5
Pro Audio as the Master . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-6
Using MIDI Sync with Drum Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-7
Troubleshooting MIDI Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-8
SMPTE/MIDI Time Code Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-8
Playing Digital Audio under SMPTE/MTC Sync . . . . . . . . .15-11

xii
SMPTE/MTC Sync and Full Chase Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-11
Troubleshooting SMPTE/MTC Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-13
MIDI Machine Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-14
16 Programming with Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1
Creating and Running CAL Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-2
Sample CAL Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-3
SPLIT NOTE TO TRACKS.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-3
SPLIT CHANNEL TO TRACKS.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4
RANDOM TIME.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4
THIN CONTROLLER DATA.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4
THIN CHANNEL AFTERTOUCH.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4
THIN PITCH WHEEL.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-5
MAJOR CHORD.CAL, MINOR CHORD.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . 16-5
Writing CAL Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-5
Recording CAL Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-6
Appendix A: Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
When I Play a File, I DonÕt Hear Anything . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
I CanÕt Record from My MIDI Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
When I Play a File Containing Audio, the Audio
Portion DoesnÕt Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
I CanÕt Record Any Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
The Music Is Playing Back with the Wrong
Instrument Sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
How Do I Use Pro Audio to Access All the Sounds
onMy MIDI Instrument? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
My Keyboard Doubles Every Note I Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
I DonÕt See the Clips Pane in the Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Why CanÕt Pro Audio Find My Audio Files? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Why Do I Get Errors from the Wave Profiler? . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Appendix B: Tips & Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Video Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Double-Clicking Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Playing Files in Batch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
The Play List View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Virtual Jukebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
Key Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
Windows Taskbar Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-11
Undo, Redo, and the Undo History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-12

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Screen Colors and Wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13
Music Notation for Nonconcert Key
Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-16
Appendix C: Advanced Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Step 1. Install Windows 95, 98 or NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Step 2. Install Cakewalk Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Step 3. Read the README File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
Step 4. Install a MIDI Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
Step 5. Connect Your MIDI Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7
Step 6. Configure Your Audio Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10
Step 7. Set Up to Record Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10
Step 8. Start Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-13
Appendix D: MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1
Timebases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
Supported MIDI File Meta-Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
Features Not Supported by MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
Other MIDI File Handling Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
Special Handling of GM, GS, and XG MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . D-3
If You Have Problems Playing MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4
If You Plan to Publish Your Songs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4
Appendix E: Initialization Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
Initialization Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
Initialization File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-2
CAKEWALK.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-2
TTSSEQ.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4
Variables in the [Options] Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4
Variables in the [MIDI Input Devices]
Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7
Variables in the [MIDI Output Devices] Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7
AUD.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7
Variables in the [Aud] Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7
Appendix F: Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1
FX Stereo Reverb and CFX Reverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-2
FX Stereo Chorus and CFX Chorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3
FX Stereo Flanger and CFX Flanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3
FX Stereo Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4
CFX Delay/Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4

xiv
FX Pitch Shifter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4
FX Time/Pitch Stretch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5
FX Stereo Parametric EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6
CFX 2-Band EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6
Appendix G: Summary of New Features . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
AudioX Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
Reduced Audio Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
Piano Roll Supports Multiple Track Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
Stereo Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
Guitar Fretboard Display, Tablature, and Tuner . . . . . . . . . . G-2
Session Drummer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2
Export to MP3 and RealAudio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2
FX Bin in Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2
CPU Meter and Disk Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2
NTONYX Style Enhancer MIDI Plug-in
(Micro 1.28 Lite Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3
Global Toolbar to Mute, Solo, or Arm Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3
More Reliable Clip Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3
Apply Audio Effects Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3
Pick Track Button Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3
Record Mode Saves with Each Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3
Open Patch Browser Directly from Track and Console Views G-3
Enhanced Patch Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3
Real-time Tempo Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
Minimum Clip Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
Must Arm Tracks to Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
Reorganized Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
Tools-Run CAL Command Moved to Edit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
Play List Easier to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
Right-click Opens Snap to Grid Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
Smooth Audio Scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
AmpSim Lite Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
Appendix H: Session Drummer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1
Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2
Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2
Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2
Clear a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2
Move Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2
Move Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2
Remove Pattern from a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

xv
TableofContents
Add Pattern to a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2
Load Song from a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-3
Save Song to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-3
Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-3
The Settings Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-3
Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-4
Deleting a Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-6
Using Session Drummer in Real-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-6
Arranging Patterns Into a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-7
Creating Drum Styles for the Session Drummer . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-7
Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-9
Drumtrax Style files in the Session Drummer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-9
Experiment with sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-9
Be creative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-9
Defining the Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10
Looping Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10
Adding Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10
Regarding Tempos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10
Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10
Appendix I: Roland U-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1
Connecting Cakewalk to U-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-2
Controlling Cakewalk with U-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3
Using the EZ Recording and Mixdown Wizards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-6
The EZ Recording Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-6
The EZ Mixdown Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-7
Using the U-8 Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-9
Using the Effects Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-13
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-15
Recording Tips and Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-15
Mixdown Tips and Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-16
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1

xvi

Preface
Preface
The Cakewalk Pro Audio UserÕs Guide is designed to help you learn and
use Cakewalk Pro Audio Version 9. In everyday language, this
Guide
explains how Pro Audio works and how to use it to create, edit, produce,
and perform. WeÕve made this
UserÕs Guide easy to read and task-
oriented, with lots of cross-references so that you can Þnd the
information you need. The
UserÕs Guide also includes a comprehensive
index that you can use to Þnd information on any speciÞc topic.
About This Book
The UserÕs Guide is organized as follows:
Chapter 1, Introduction , provides an overview of Pro Audio and
instructions for installing the software and setting up your equipment.
Chapter 2,
Getting Started , is a set of three hands-on tutorials that will
give you some practical experience with Pro Audio and some exposure to
many of its capabilities.
Chapters 3 through 9 cover all the basic skills you need to use Pro Audio
to play, record, edit, arrange, and mix your projects. By the time you
complete these chapters, youÕll know all about the different ways you can
work with your projects, and youÕll know about most of the tools you
need to create music and sound using your computer.
Chapters 10 through 16 cover the advanced features of Pro Audio. By the
time you complete these chapters, youÕll know how to customize Pro
Audio both to make the best use of all the MIDI and audio equipment
you have in your studio and to be more efÞcient and productive in your
work.
The appendices contain additional information you can use for
troubleshooting, advanced installation and setup, use of MIDI Þles, and
some tips and tricks for using Pro Audio. If youÕve used earlier versions

xviii
of Pro Audio, be sure to turn to Appendix G to see a summary of the new
features in Pro Audio Version 9.
Registering Pro Audio
Please be sure to complete and return the registration card in your
product package or to register your product on our World Wide Web site
(www.cakewalk.com). If you do not register, we cannot provide you with
technical support, or inform you when upgrades become available.
Getting Help
In addition to this UserÕs Guide , Pro Audio includes online help that can
provide you with quick reference information whenever you need it.
Simply press F1 or click the Help button in any dialog box to Þnd the
information you need.
If you need more information than you can Þnd in the
UserÕs Guide or
the on-line help, here are two great places to look:
¥ Check the Support page of our World Wide Web site
(www.cakewalk.com) for updated technical information and answers
to frequently asked questions
¥ Post messages to the Pro Audio user community using one of the
Cakewalk newsgroups. For more information about the newsgroups,
visit www.cakewalk.com.
You can also get technical support directly from Cakewalk. In order to
obtain technical support, you must submit the product registration card
that is included with your Cakewalk product, or register your product on
our World Wide Web site. You can obtain technical support for this
product in the following ways:
¥ E-mail your questions to [email protected]. Be sure to include
your serial number in your e-mail.
¥ Call Cakewalk Technical Support at [phone] on weekdays,
10:00AM to 6:00PM, Eastern time. Be sure to have your serial
number ready when you call.
Technical support hours, policies, and procedures are subject to change
at any time. Check our web site for the latest support information.

1
Introduction
Introduction
Cakewalk Pro Audio is a professional tool for authoring sound and music
on your personal computer. ItÕs designed for musicians, composers,
arrangers, audio and production engineers, multimedia and game
developers, and recording engineers. Pro Audio supports MP3, Wave,
RealAudio, and other popular formats, providing all the tools you need to
do professional-quality work rapidly and efÞciently.
Pro Audio is more than an integrated MIDI and digital audio authoring
software packageÑitÕs an expandable platform that can function as the
central nervous system of your recording studio. With drivers for
common high-end audio hardware, full support for DirectX audio plug-
ins, StudioWare and MIDI Machine (MMC) control of external MIDI
gear, and the Cakewalk Application Language (CAL), Pro Audio can
handle your most demanding projects.
In This Chapter
About Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Pro Audio Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Computers, Sound, and Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Installation and Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Starting Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1

1-2
About Pro Audio
Pro Audio is the ßagship product of the Cakewalk line of integrated
MIDI and digital audio sequencers for the Windows platform. Pro Audio
has a comprehensive feature set that makes it the single most
productive tool for sound and music authoring. Here are some of the
ways you can use Pro Audio.
Music Composition and Exploration
Pro Audio is a powerful music-composition tool, providing tools to record
your own musical performances; enhance or improve the quality of
those performances; and edit, arrange, and experiment with the music.
With a few simple clicks of the mouse, you can arrange, orchestrate, and
audition your composition. Fully integrated sequencing allows you to
combine the convenience and ßexibility of MIDI composition with the
high-quality sound and subtlety of digital audio sound recording and
reproduction. Change the feel of a piece by locking it to a musical
groove, or add delicate delays, anticipations, or echoes that add richness
to the music.
Pro Audio displays and lets you edit your music using standard musical
notation and guitar tablature, so you can adjust individual notes, add
performance markings, and print individual parts or full scores. You can
graphically draw tempo and volume changes, or add lyrics to display on-
screen or to include with printed scores.
Game Sound Development
ThereÕs no better tool than Pro Audio for composing music for electronic
games. Clip-based sequencing lets you create and reuse musical themes
freely, so you can associate musical sections with game characters,
locations, objects, and actions. Your creations can be saved and replayed
using the compact MIDI Þle format, which adapts its sound
automatically to the target hardware for the best possible sound
reproduction.
Sound Production and Engineering
If you want to produce music CDs or master tapes, Pro Audio has
virtually everything you need from recording to mixing and mastering.
Multichannel recording lets you capture studio or live performances
track by track. Pitch correction lets you adjust vocals or create
harmonies Òon the ßy.Ó ReconÞgurable buses provide full control over
your mix. Real-time stereo effects like chorus, ßange, reverb, parametric
EQ, and delay/echo can be applied as track inserts, in effects loops, or to
the master mix. Pro Audio supports 44.1 KHz sampling for CD-quality