CEA 4001 Technical manual

CEA 4001
Sprinkler Systems: Planning and Installation

CEA 4001: (February 2009)
(EFSAC endorsed)
About the CEA
The CEA is the European insurance and reinsurance federation. Through its
33 member bodies, the national insurance associations, the CEA represents all
types of insurance and reinsurance undertakings, eg pan-European companies,
monoliners, mutuals and SMEs. The CEA, which is based in Brussels, represents
undertakings that account for approximately 94% of total European premium
income. Insurance makes a major contribution to Europe’s economic growth
and development. European insurers generate premium income of €1 122bn,
employ one million people and invest more than €7 200bn in the economy.
PROPERTY INSURANCE
Prevention Specifications
This technical rule contains updated specifications and more details compared
with the previous edition (August 2006) and also by comparison with the European
Standard EN 12845. The main updated requirements are highlighted in yellow.

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Contents
0Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................15
1General ..........................................................................................................................................................15
1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................15
1.2 Aims ...............................................................................................................................................................16
1.3 Description.....................................................................................................................................................16
1.4 Approvals.......................................................................................................................................................17
2Definitions .....................................................................................................................................................19
3Contract planning and documentation ......................................................................................................24
3.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................................24
3.2 Initial Considerations ....................................................................................................................................25
3.3 Preliminary or estimating stage ...................................................................................................................25
3.4 Design stage..................................................................................................................................................25
3.5 Commencement of installation works........................................................................................................32
4Extent of sprinkler protection ......................................................................................................................32
4.1 Buildings and areas to be protected ...........................................................................................................32
4.2 Compartmentation and separation.............................................................................................................33
5Classification of occupancies and fire hazards...........................................................................................33
5.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................................33
5.2 Hazard classes ...............................................................................................................................................33
6Hydraulic design criteria ...............................................................................................................................38
6.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................................38
6.2 High Hazard Storage - HHS..........................................................................................................................38
6.3 Pressure and flow requirements for precalculated systems ......................................................................41
6.4 Pipe sizing and layout...................................................................................................................................43
7Water Supplies - General .............................................................................................................................44
7.1 Suitability .......................................................................................................................................................44

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7.2 Connections for other services ....................................................................................................................44
7.3 Housing of equipment for water supplies..................................................................................................45
7.4 Test facility devices........................................................................................................................................45
7.5 Pressure/flow tests on water supplies .........................................................................................................45
7.6 Water supply pressure test...........................................................................................................................45
7.7 Water contamination protection................................................................................................................. 46
8Choice of water supply ................................................................................................................................46
8.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................................46
8.2 Town mains ...................................................................................................................................................47
8.3 Water storage tanks .....................................................................................................................................47
8.4 Inexhaustible sources....................................................................................................................................52
8.5 Pressure tanks................................................................................................................................................54
8.6 Type of water supply ....................................................................................................................................56
8.7 Isolation of water supplies ...........................................................................................................................57
9Pumps ............................................................................................................................................................58
9.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................................58
9.2 Multiple pump arrangements...................................................................................................................... 58
9.3 Compartments for pumpsets.......................................................................................................................58
9.4 Maximum temperature of water supply ......................................................................................................59
9.5 Valves and accessories..................................................................................................................................59
9.6 Suction conditions ........................................................................................................................................59
9.7 Performance characteristics ..........................................................................................................................63
9.8 Electrically driven pumpsets .........................................................................................................................65
9.9 Diesel engine driven pumps.........................................................................................................................67
10 Installation type and size..............................................................................................................................72
10.1 Wet pipe installations ...................................................................................................................................72
10.2 Dry pipe installations ....................................................................................................................................72

5
10.3 Alternative installations ................................................................................................................................73
10.4 Pre-action installations..................................................................................................................................73
10.5 Subsidiary dry pipe or alternate extension..................................................................................................74
10.6 Subsidiary multiple control valve .................................................................................................................75
11 Spacing and location of sprinklers...............................................................................................................75
11.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................................75
11.2 Maximum area per sprinkler ........................................................................................................................75
11.3 Minimum distance between sprinklers .......................................................................................................78
11.4 Location of sprinklers in relation to building construction........................................................................78
11.5 Intermediate sprinklers in High Hazard occupancies .................................................................................81
12 Sprinkler design characteristics and uses....................................................................................................85
12.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................................85
12.2 Sprinkler types and application....................................................................................................................85
12.3 Flow from sprinklers .....................................................................................................................................87
12.4 Sprinkler temperature ratings ......................................................................................................................87
12.5 Sprinkler Thermal sensitivity.........................................................................................................................88
12.6 Sprinkler guards ............................................................................................................................................88
12.7 Sprinkler water shields..................................................................................................................................89
12.8 Sprinkler escutcheon plates .........................................................................................................................89
12.9 Corrosion protection of sprinklers...............................................................................................................89
13 Valves.............................................................................................................................................................90
13.1 Control Valve Set ..........................................................................................................................................90
13.2 Stop Valves ....................................................................................................................................................90
13.3 Ring main valves............................................................................................................................................90
13.4 Drain valves....................................................................................................................................................90
13.5 Test valves......................................................................................................................................................91
13.6 Flushing connections ....................................................................................................................................92

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13.7 Pressure gauges ............................................................................................................................................92
13.8 Measures against over pressurisation .........................................................................................................93
14 Alarms and alarm devices.............................................................................................................................93
14.1 Water motor alarms......................................................................................................................................93
14.2 Electrical water flow and water and air pressure switches .......................................................................94
14.3 Transmission of alarm signals to a permanently manned location ..........................................................94
14.4 Monitoring stop valve...................................................................................................................................94
15 Pipework........................................................................................................................................................94
15.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................................94
15.2 Pipe supports.................................................................................................................................................97
15.3 Pipework in concealed spaces .....................................................................................................................98
16 Signs, notices and information....................................................................................................................99
16.1 Block plan ......................................................................................................................................................99
16.2 Signs and notices ..........................................................................................................................................99
17 Commissioning and acceptance tests.......................................................................................................101
17.1 Commissioning tests...................................................................................................................................102
17.2 Completion certificate and documents.....................................................................................................102
18 Maintenance................................................................................................................................................102
18.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................102
18.2 Action following sprinkler operation.........................................................................................................104
18.3 User’s programme of inspection and checking........................................................................................105
18.4 Service and maintenance schedule ...........................................................................................................106
Annex A....................................................................................................................................................................111
B
B.1
General
........................................................................................................................................................115
B.2
Material factor
.............................................................................................................................................115
B.3
Effect of stored materials configuration
...................................................................................................117
Annex C....................................................................................................................................................................120

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Annex D....................................................................................................................................................................123
D
D.1
Scope
...........................................................................................................................................................123
D.2
Zoning of installations
................................................................................................................................123
D.3
Requirements for zoned installations
........................................................................................................123
D.4
Block Plan
....................................................................................................................................................125
Annex E.....................................................................................................................................................................126
E.1
Scope
...........................................................................................................................................................126
E.2
Design criteria
.............................................................................................................................................126
E.3
Water supplies
.............................................................................................................................................127
Annex F.....................................................................................................................................................................130
F.1
Subdivision into zones
................................................................................................................................130
F.2
Wet Pipe Installations
.................................................................................................................................130
F.3
Sprinkler type and sensitivity
.....................................................................................................................130
F.4
Installation Main Control Valve Set
...........................................................................................................130
F.5
Water Supplies
............................................................................................................................................130
F.6
Theatres
.......................................................................................................................................................130
F.7
Additional precautions for maintenance
..................................................................................................130
Annex G....................................................................................................................................................................132
G.1
Calculation of pressure losses in pipework
..............................................................................................132
G.2
Pre-calculated systems
................................................................................................................................134
G.3
Fully calculated systems
..............................................................................................................................141
Annex H (Informative) .............................................................................................................................................145
Annex I (Informative) ...............................................................................................................................................155
Annex J (Informative)...............................................................................................................................................156
Annex K....................................................................................................................................................................157
K.1
Aerosols
.......................................................................................................................................................157
K.2
Clothes in multiple garment hanging storage
.........................................................................................158

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K
K.3
Flammable liquid storage
...........................................................................................................................159
K.4
Pallets - idle
.................................................................................................................................................160
K.5
Spirituous liquors in wooden barrels
.........................................................................................................161
K.6
Non-woven synthetic fabric
.......................................................................................................................162
K.7
Special requirements for protection of storage utilising Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE)
storage containers
......................................................................................................................................162
K.8
Special requirements for the protection of mobile shelving with ceiling or roof-level sprinkler only
.163
K.9
Protection of racks with solid shelves and gangways storing plastic boxes
..........................................164
K.10 Plastic Packaging Recycling Plants
...........................................................................................................165
Annex L .....................................................................................................................................................................169
L.1
General
........................................................................................................................................................169
L.2
Sprinkler System Design
.............................................................................................................................173
Annex M (informative) ............................................................................................................................................179
M.1 Introduction
..................................................................................................................................................179
M.2 Test principles
...............................................................................................................................................179
M.3 Method
.........................................................................................................................................................179
M.4 Evaluation of test results
.............................................................................................................................179
M.5 Bibliography
.................................................................................................................................................179
Annex N (informative) .............................................................................................................................................181
Annex O (reserved) ..................................................................................................................................................182
Annex P.....................................................................................................................................................................183
P.1 Type of installation
........................................................................................................................................183
P.2 Foam injection device
...................................................................................................................................184
P.3 Foam injection pumps
...................................................................................................................................184
P.4 Foam agent.
...................................................................................................................................................185
P.5 Foam tank
......................................................................................................................................................185
P.6 Foam agent and water foam pipe-work
.....................................................................................................186

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P
P.7 Calculation of the friction loss of foam agent pipes
..................................................................................187
P.8 Disposal
..........................................................................................................................................................188

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Figure 1 Main elements of a sprinkler installation ..................................................................................................17
Figure 2 - Flow chart for determining the class required for storage .......................................................................35
Figure 3 - Types of storage method ..........................................................................................................................36
Figure 4 - Effective capacity of suction tanks and dimensions of suction chamber ................................................51
Figure 6 - Pump priming arrangement for suction lift ..............................................................................................62
Figure 7 - Ceiling sprinkler spacing ...........................................................................................................................77
Figure 8 - Sprinkler location relative to beams ..........................................................................................................79
Figure 9 - Location of rack intermediate level sprinklers Category I or II goods .....................................................83
Figure 10 - Location of rack intermediate level sprinklers Category III or IV goods ...............................................83
Figure 11 - Location of intermediate sprinklers in type ST5 and ST6 storage .........................................................85
Figure 12 : Water shield ............................................................................................................................................89
Figure 13 - Material Factor (B1) ................................................................................................................................116
Figure 14 - Control valve bypass arrangement for zoned multi-storey building installations ..............................125
Figure 15 - Typical layout of high rise system with pump supply (E1) ..................................................................128
Figure 16 - Typical layout of high rise system with gravity tanks and booster pumps (E2) .................................129
Figure 17 - Typical pump curve (see 9.7) (H1) .........................................................................................................145
Figure 18 - Examples of range pipe arrays (see G.2.2) (H2) ...................................................................................146
Figure 19 - Example of application of design points in an LH installation (see G.2.2) (H3) ................................147
Figure 20 - Example of application of design points in an OH installation (see G.2.2) (H4) ...............................148
Figure 21 - Example of application of design points in an HH installation with pipework sized from
tables
G11 and G12 (H5) ....................................................................................................................................149
Figure 22 - Example of application of design points in an HH installation with pipework sized from Tables G11
and
G13 (H6) ............................................................................................................................................................150
Figure 23 - Example of application of design points in an HH installation with pipework sized from
Tables
G13 and G14 (H7) ....................................................................................................................................151
Figure 24 - Determination of area covered per sprinkler (see G.3.1) (H8) .................................................152
Figure 25 - Most unfavourable areas of operation in one-sided and two-sided pipe layouts (see G.3.3.1)
(H9)
...........................................................................................................................................................................152

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Figure 26 - Most favourable areas of operation in one-sided and two-sided pipe layouts (see G.3.2) (H10) ...153
Figure 27 - Most favourable and unfavourable areas of operation in a gridded pipe layout (see G.3.2) (H11) 153
Figure 28 - Most favourable and unfavourable areas of operation in a looped pipe layout (see G.3.2) (H12) ..154
Figure 29 : Area of operation for deluge systems (K2) ..........................................................................................167
Figure 30 : Storage methods ST2, ST3 and ST4 transverse and longitudinal flues (L1) ........................................170
Figure 31:L2 ..............................................................................................................................................................175
Figure 32:L3 .............................................................................................................................................................176
Figure 33:L4 ..............................................................................................................................................................176
Figure 34:L5 .............................................................................................................................................................177
Figure 35:L6 .............................................................................................................................................................178

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Table 1 :Minimum number of sprinklers per type to be inspected .......................................................................18
Table 2 : Maximum storage heights for OH occupancies .........................................................................................34
Table 3 : Limitations and protection requirements for different storage methods .................................................37
Table 4 : Design density and area of operation for LH, OH and HHP ......................................................................38
Table 5 : Design criteria for HHS with roof or ceiling protection only .....................................................................40
Table 6 : Design criteria for roof sprinklers with in-rack protection .........................................................................41
Table 7 : Pressure and flow requirements for precalculated LH and OH systems ...................................................41
Table 8 : Pressure and flow requirements for installations designed using Tables G11 to G14 ............................42
Table 9 : Connections for water for other services in low rise systems ..................................................................46
Table 10 : Minimum water volume for precalculated LH and OH systems ..............................................................48
Table 11
: Minimum water volume for precalculated HHP and HHS systems ..........................................................49
Table 12 : Minimum capacity of reduced capacity tanks ..........................................................................................50
Table 13 : Suction pipe inlet clearances .....................................................................................................................51
Table 14 : Minimum width of settling chambers, suction pits, open channels and weirs ......................................54
Table 15 : Pump pressure and flow rating .................................................................................................................60
Table 16: Pump priming tank capacity and pipe size ..............................................................................................63
Table 17: Pump size ...................................................................................................................................................63
Table 18 : Minimum pump characteristics for LH and OH (pre-calculated systems) ...............................................64
Table 19 : Maximum number of sprinklers per installation - wet pipe and pre-action installations .......................72
Table 20 : Maximum size per installation - Dry and alternate installations ...............................................................73
Table 21 : Maximum coverage and spacing for sprinklers other than sidewall .......................................................75
Table 22 : Maximum coverage and spacing for sidewall sprinklers .......................................................................... 77
Table 23 : Sprinkler location relative to beams .........................................................................................................80
Table 24 : Location of intermediate sprinklers in type ST5 and ST6 storage ..........................................................85
Table 25 : Sprinkler types and K factors for various hazard classes ........................................................................87
Table 26 : Sprinkler sensitivity ratings ........................................................................................................................88

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Table 27 : Minimum size of drain valves ....................................................................................................................91
Table 28 : Design parameters for pipe supports .......................................................................................................98
Table 29 : Minimum dimension of flat iron rods and clips ........................................................................................99
Table 30: Light Hazard occupancies (A.1) .............................................................................................................111
Table 31: Ordinary Hazard occupancies (A.2) .......................................................................................................111
Table 32: High Hazard Process occupancies (A.3) ................................................................................................114
Table 33 : Categories as a function of stored materials configuration (B1) .........................................................117
Table 34: Stored products and categories (C.1) ..................................................................................................120
Table 35: Stored products and categories (continued (C.2)) ...............................................................................121
Table 36: Stored products and categories (continued( C.3)) ...............................................................................122
Table 37 : C values for various types of pipe (G1) ..................................................................................................132
Table 38 : Equivalent length of fittings and valves (G2) ..........................................................................................134
Table 39 : Accuracy of hydraulic calculations (G3) ..................................................................................................134
Table 40 : Location of design points – LH (G4) .......................................................................................................135
Table 41 : Location of design points - OH, HHP and HHS (G5) ..............................................................................135
Table 42 : Range pipe diameters for LH installations (G6) ......................................................................................136
Table 43 : Maximum friction loss between control valve set and any design point – LH (G7) ............................136
Table 44 : Pressure loss for design flow rates in LH installations (G8) ..................................................................137
Table 45 : Range pipe diameters for OH installations (G9) .....................................................................................137
Table 46 : Distribution pipe diameters in OH installations (G10) ...........................................................................138
Table 47: Range pipe diameter for HH installations with pressure and flow characteristics as given in
Table 8 (1 or 2)(G11)
...............................................................................................................................................140
Table 48 : Distribution pipe diameters downstream of the design point in HH installations with pressure and
flow characteristics as given in Table 8 (1) (G12)
...................................................................................................140
Table 49 : Distribution pipe diameters downstream of the design point in HH installations with pressure and
flow characteristics as given in Table 8 (2,3
or 4) (G13) .........................................................................................140
Table 50 : Range pipe diameters of HH installations with pressure and flow characteristics as given in table
7 (3
or 4) (G14) .........................................................................................................................................................141
Table 51 : Minimum sprinkler discharge pressure and minimum sprinkler K factor (G15) .................................143

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Table 52 : Protection criteria for aerosol storage (K1) ............................................................................................157
Table 53 : Flammable liquids in metal drums (ST1) with a capacity > 20 l and 208 l (K2) ...................................159
Table 54 : Flammable liquids in metal drums (ST4) with a capacity >20 l and 208 l (K3) ...................................160
Table 55 : Flammable liquids in metal drums (STl,ST5,ST6) with a capacity of 20 l (K4) ......................................160
Table 56 : Protection of solid piled or palletized pallets (ST1) (K5) ........................................................................161
Table 57 : Protection of rack storage of pallets (ST4) (K6) .....................................................................................161
Table 58 : Non-woven synthetic fabric: design criteria with roof or ceiling protection only (K7) ........................162
Table 59 : Maximum bulk and bale storage heights (K8) .....................................................................................166
Table 60 : Design data for sprinkler systems for bulk and bale storage (K9) ........................................................166
Table 61: Sprinklers design and maximum height (L1) ........................................................................................171
Table 62 : Sprinklers design beneath obstruction (L2) ..............................................................................................174
Table 63 : Distance between sprinklers (L3) ..............................................................................................................175

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0
0Foreword
These specifications prepared by
- the CEA, the European insurance and reinsurance federation, in the framework of the traditional loss
prevention work by European insurers and in line with the EC Commission's group exemption regulation
in co-operation with
- the European Committee of the Manufacturers of Fire Protection and Safety Equipment and Fire Fighting
Vehicles (EUROFEU)
are aimed at providing the conditions for a Europe wide uniform high level of personal and property protection
with at least the same level of efficiency and reliability as given by EN 12845:2004, even if specific differences
appear between the 2 documents.
CEA Member Associations have agreed to adopt these specifications and to withdraw any c ontradicting
specification
of their own.
With the explicit endorsement of the
- European Fire and Security Advisory Council (EFSAC)
it is confirmed that these specifications document the latest state of the art.
1 General
1.1 Scope
These Rules specify requirements and give recommendations for the design, installation and maintenance
of fixed fire sprinkler systems in buildings and industrial plant, a nd p articular requirements or sprinkler
systems
which are integral to measures for the protection of life.
The requirements and recommendations of these Rules are also applicable to any addition, extension, repair
or
other modification to a sprinkler system.
It covers the classification of hazards, provision of water supplies, components to be used, installation and
testing
of the system, maintenance, and the extension of existing systems, and identifies construction details
of buildings which are necessary for satisfactory performance of sprinkler systems complying with these
Rules.
The requirements concerning water supplies may be applicable as guidance, to be used with experienced
judgement
for other fixed, fire fighting systems where no other CEA specifications exist.
These Rules do not deal with water spray deluge systems.
The requirements are not valid for automatic sprinkler systems on ships, in aircraft, on vehicles and mobile
fire
appliances or for below ground systems in the mining industry.
These Rules are intended for use by those concerned with purchasing, designing, installing,
testing, inspecting, approving, operating and maintaining automatic sprinkler systems, in order that such
equipment will function as intended throughout its life.

16
They are intended only for fixed fire sprinkler systems in buildings and other premises on land. Although
the general principles may well apply to other uses (e.g. maritime use), for these other uses additional
considerations
will almost certainly have to be taken into account.
1.2 Aims
An automatic sprinkler system is designed to detect a fire and extinguish it with water in its early stages or
hold
the fire in check so that extinguishment can be completed by other means.
The sprinkler system is intended to extend throughout the premises with only limited exceptions.
In some life safety applications, an authority might specify sprinkler protection only in certain designated
areas,
and solely to maintain safe conditions for the evacuation of persons.
It should not be assumed that the provision of a sprinkler system entirely obviates the need for other means
of fighting fires and it is important to consider the fire precautions in the premises as a whole.
Structural fire resistance, escape routes, fire alarm systems, particular hazards needing other fire
protection methods, provision of extinguishing means, safe working and goods handling methods,
management supervision and good housekeeping all need consideration.
It is essential that sprinkler systems should be properly maintained to ensure operation when required. This
routine
is liable to be overlooked or given insufficient attention by supervisors.
It is, however, neglected at peril to the lives of occupants of the premises and at the risk of crippling financial
loss.
The importance of proper maintenance cannot be too highly emphasized.
When sprinkler systems are out of service extra attention should be paid to fire precautions and the
appropriate
authorities informed.
1.3 Description
A sprinkler system consists of a water supply (or supplies) and one or more sprinkler installations; each
installation
consists of a set of installation main control valves and a pipe array fitted with sprinkler heads.
The
sprinkler heads are fitted at specified locations at the roof or ceiling, and where necessary between
racks, below shelves, and other specified places. The main elements of a typical installation are shown in
Figure 1.
The sprinklers operate at predetermined temperatures to discharge water over the affected part of the area
below.
The flow of water through the alarm valve initiates a fire alarm.

17
F
Figure 1 Main elements of a sprinkler installation
The operating temperature is generally selected to suit ambient temperature conditions.
Only sprinklers in the vicinity of the fire, i.e. those which become sufficiently heated, operate.
1.4 Approvals
1.4.1 Approved installers and components
Sprinkler systems shall be installed in accordance with the specifications by approved installers using
approved
components and using approved methods for sizing pipework as specified in annex G.
If the installation of a system involves more than one approved installer, one of them shall be responsible for
the
entire installation.
If local requirements make sub-contracting necessary such as installation of electrical supplies or town mains
connections,
the approved installer shall inform the sub-contractor of any special requirements for sprinkler
installations
to satisfy this specification.
1.4.2 Completion
The approved installer shall send a completion statement to the authorities when the system is
finally installed. The authorities' inspector will then carry out the approval inspection. The same procedure will
apply
to existing systems where alterations have been made.
1.4.3 Third party inspection
During the inspection, the shut down period shall be in accordance with 18.1.3.
1.4.3.1 Annual Inspection

18
The sprinkler system shall be periodically inspected at least once a year by the authorities’ inspector.
The inspection report shall confirm that the system is in accordance with the rules, well maintained and
in full working order. Any faults and deficiencies shall be noted in the inspection report and the
authorities shall specify the time limits for rectification.
1.4.3.2 Long-term Reliability Inspection
The pipes and the sprinkler’s heads shall be inspected in great detail at least every 25 years for wet
installations
and 15 years for dry or alternate installations.
1.4.3.2.1. Pipes
The pipework shall be internally and externally inspected. At least one range pipe shall be inspected per 100
sprinklers
over an appropriate length. Not less than two-range pipe lengths per control valve set shall be
examined.
Other pipes shall be inspected if the range pipe examined exhibits an unacceptable level of
corrosion
or tuberculation.
The pipework shall be hydrostatically tested to a pressure equal to the maximum static pressure or 12
bar, whichever is the higher pressure for a period of 2 hours and, where possible, the pipe work
shall be thoroughly flushed out.
All defects which can adversely affect the hydraulic performance of the system shall be eliminated.
The
national authorities shall evaluate the pipe defects.
1.4.3.2.2 Sprinklers
A number of sprinklers shall be removed and inspected. Table 1 specifies the scope of sampling as a
function
of the total number of sprinklers installed in the premises.
T
Table 1 :Minimum number of sprinklers per type to be inspected
Total number of sprinklers installed (n)
Minimum number of sprinklers to
be inspected (batch)
n < 5000
20
5000 < n < 10000
40
10000 < n < 20000
60
20000 < n < 30000
80
n > 30000
100
Sprinklers removed for inspection shall be visually inspected:
The following tests shall be carried out on samples selected from the batch of sprinklers:
• Operating temperature;
• Function and minimum operating pressure;
• Leak resistance;
• K factor;
And where appropriate:

19
• Thermal response.
The authorities shall evaluate the results in function of the demand characteristics of the installation and, if
necessary,
the sprinklers shall be changed.
1.4.4 Responsible person
The owners shall appoint a responsible person and a substitute, who after they have been given the
necessary instructions by the installer, shall ensure that the system remains in working condition. The
name, address and telephone number of the person responsible for the installation, as well as those of his
or her substitute, shall be prominently displayed in the sprinkler valve room.
The owner shall ensure that:
- the installation conforms to the rules at all times;
- the installation is in working order at all times;
- the installation is checked, maintained and tested in accordance with the installers' instructions and the
CEA rules;
- the installation is inspected, by contract, at least once a year by one of the authorities' inspectors
appointed
by the insurers;
- any faults or deficiencies are corrected within the time limits laid down by the authorities.
2
2Definitions
For the purposes of these rules, the following definitions apply.
'A' gauge
A pressure gauge connected to a town main connection, between the supply pipe stop valve and the check
valve.
accelerator
A device that reduces the delay in operation of a dry alarm valve, or composite alarm valve in dry mode, by
early
detection of the drop in air or inert gas pressure on sprinkler operation.
alarm test valve
A valve through which water may be drawn to test the operation of the water motor fire alarm and/or of any
associated
electric fire alarm.
alarm valve
A check valve, of the wet, dry or composite type that also initiates the water motor fire alarm when the
sprinkler
installation operates.
alarm valve, alternate
An alarm valve suitable for a wet, dry or alternate installation.
alarm valve, dry
An alarm valve suitable for a dry installation; and/or in association with a wet alarm valve for an alternate

20
installation.
a
alarm valve, pre-action
An alarm valve suitable for a pre-action installation.
alarm valve, wet
An alarm valve suitable for a wet installation.
area of operation
The maximum area over which it is assumed, for design purposes, that sprinklers will operate in a fire.
area of operation, hydraulically most favourable
The location in a sprinkler array of an area of operation of specified shape at which the water flow is the
maximum
for a specific pressure.
area of operation, hydraulically most unfavourable
The location in a sprinkler array of an area of operation of specified shape at which the water supply pressure
is the maximum needed to give the specified design density.
arm pipe
A pipe less than 0,3m long, other than the last section of a range pipe, feeding a single sprinkler.
authorities
The fire insurers and other organisations, officers or individuals responsible for approving sprinkler systems,
equipment
and procedures, e.g. the fire and building control authorities, the local water authority or
other appropriate public authorities.
'B' gauge
A pressure gauge connected to and on the same level as an alarm valve, indicating the pressure on the
upstream
side of the valve.
booster pump
An automatic pump supplying water to a sprinkler system from a gravity tank or a town main.
'C' gauge
A pressure gauge connected to and on the same level as an alarm valve, indicating the pressure on the
downstream
side of the valve.
control valve set
An assembly comprising an alarm valve, a stop valve and all the associated valves and accessories for the
control
of one sprinkler installation.
design density
The minimum density of discharge, in mm/min of water, for which a sprinkler installation is designed,
determined
from the discharge of a specified group of sprinklers, in litres per minute, divided by the
area covered, in square metres.
design point
A point on a distribution pipe of a precalculated installation, downstream of which pipework is sized from
tables
and upstream of which pipework is sized by hydraulic calculation.
detector sprinkler
A sealed sprinkler mounted on a pressurized pipeline used to control a deluge valve. Operation of the