Cobalt Digital Inc RaQ 4 User manual

COBALT RaQ™ 4
User Manual

©1998-2001 Cobalt Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part Number: 070-00239-02
Date: 02-2001
he Cobalt logo, Cobalt Networks, Cube, Cobalt Qube, Qube, Cobalt RaQ, RaQ, Cobalt CacheRaQ,
Cobalt NASRaQ, Cobalt StaQware and BlueLinQ are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cobalt
Networks, Inc.
Chili!Soft and Chili!Soft ASP are trademarks or registered trademarks of Chili!Soft, Inc.
Linux is a trademark of Linus orvalds.
he RSA software and the RSA logo are trademarks of RSA Data Security Inc.
All other company, brand and product names may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their
respective companies and are hereby recognized.
his publication and the information herein is furnished “AS IS”, subject to change without notice,
and should not be construed as a commitment by Cobalt Networks, Inc. Furthermore, Cobalt
Networks, Inc., assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies, makes no
warranty of any kind (express, implied or statutory) with respect to this publication, and expressly
disclaims any and all warranties of merchantability, fitness for particular purposes and
non-infringement of third-party rights.
he majority of the software used within the Cobalt RaQ 4 can be freely distributed under the terms
of the BSD copyright and the GNU Public License. However, some applications remain the property
of their owners and require their permission to redistribute.
he Cobalt RaQ 4 includes software developed by the Apache Group for use in the Apache H P
server project (http://www.apache.org/).
he Cobalt RaQ 4 also includes Majordomo, a package for managing Internet mailing lists. he latest
version of Majordomo can be obtained from ftp://ftp.greatcircle.com/pub/majordomo/.
Sendmail is a trademark of Sendmail, Inc.
Cobalt Networks, Inc.
555 Ellis Street
Mountain View, CA 94043
www.cobalt.com
In the U.S.A.:
Phone (888) 70-COBAL
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Outside the U.S.A.:
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]

Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual iii
Important Safeguards
For your protection, please read and understand all of the safety and operating
instructions regarding your Cobalt RaQ 4 and retain for future reference.
1. Venti ation
he Cobalt RaQ 4’s bottom vents (on the front) and fan opening(s) (on the back
panel) protect the server from overheating. hese openings must not be blocked
or covered. his product should not be placed in a built-in installation unless
proper ventilation is provided.
2. Lithium Battery
he lithium battery on the system board provides power for the real-time clock
and CMOS RAM. he battery has an estimated useful life expectancy of 5 to 10
years. If your system no longer keeps accurate time and date settings, it may be
time to change the battery. Contact Cobalt for service information.
Warning: here is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly
replaced or replaced with the wrong type of battery. Replace only
with the same or equivalent type recommended by the equipment
manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to
manufacturer’s instructions.
Avertissement : Il y a danger d’explosion s’il y a remplacement
incorrect de la pile. Remplacer uniquement avec une pile du même
type ou d’un type équivalent recommandé par le fabricant. Mettre
au rebut les piles usagées conformément aux instructions du
fabricant.
Achtung: Explosionsgefahr wenn die Batterie in umgekehrter
Polarität eingesetzt wird. Nur mit einem gleichen oder ähnlichen,
vom Hersteller empfohlenen yp, ersetzen. Verbrauchte Batterien
müssen gemäß den Anweisungen des Herstellers verwertet werden.

Important Safeguards
iv Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual
3. Power Cord
4. E ectrica Shock
o reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not disassemble this product. ake the
RaQ 4 to a qualified service person when service or repair work is required.
Opening or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage or other risks.
Incorrect reassembly can cause electric shock when this product is subsequently
used.
5. Operating the unit in an equipment rack
If you plan to install the Cobalt RaQ 4 in an equipment rack, take the following
precautions:
a. Ensure the ambient temperature around the Cobalt RaQ 4 (which may
be higher than the room temperature) is within the limits specified in
Appendix B. See “Physical data” on page 159.
b. Ensure there is sufficient air flow around the unit.
c. Ensure electrical circuits are not overloaded; consider the nameplate
ratings of all the connected equipment and ensure you have overcurrent
protection.
d. Ensure the equipment is properly grounded, particularly any equipment
connected to a power strip.
e. Do not place any objects on top of the Cobalt RaQ 4.
!
Caution: he power-supply cord is used as the main disconnect
device. Ensure that the socket outlet is located or installed near the
equipment and is easily accessible.
!
Attention : Le cordon d’alimentation sert d’interrupteur général. La
prise de courant doit être située ou installée à proximité du matériel
et offrir un accès facile.
!
Achtung: Zur sicheren rennung des Gerätes vom Netz ist der
Netzstecker zu ziehen. Vergewissern Sie sich, dass die Steckdose
leicht zugänglich ist.

Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual v
6. Browsers
Both Netscape Navigator® and Microsoft® Internet Explorer have bugs that can
cause intermittent, unexplained failures. When using a Web browser to interact
with your Cobalt RaQ 4, you may occasionally experience a browser failure.
Released product versions of the browsers are usually more reliable than beta
versions and later versions typically work the most reliably. A browser program
failure, although annoying, does not adversely affect your Cobalt RaQ 4’s data.
o use the RaQ 4, you need a personal computer (attached to the network) that
uses a Web browser (for example, Netscape Navigator, version 4.7 or later, or
Microsoft Internet Explorer, version 5.0 or later). o manage the RaQ 4 from the
Server Desktop, you must enable cookies, cascading style sheets and Javascript
on your browser (these features are normally enabled by default).
Regu ations and Information
his equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. hese limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. his equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
• Re-orient or re-locate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ V technician for help.
In order to maintain compliance with FCC regulations, shielded cables must be
used with this equipment. Operation with non-approved equipment or unshielded
cables is likely to result in interference to radio and V reception. he user is
cautioned that changes and modifications made to the equipment without the
approval of manufacturer can void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
his equipment is in compliance with Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and is
UL-listed.

Important Safeguards
vi Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual

Contents
Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual vii
Contents
Important Safeguards iii
1 Introduction 1
General 3
Front view of the RaQ 4 4
Rear view of the RaQ 4 5
RaQ 4 requirements 6
arget audience for the RaQ 4 6
Levels of user 7
Organization of the user manual 8
List of chapters and appendices 10
Icons used on the UI and in the manual 11
Customer Service and echnical Support 13
General Cobalt information 13
Cobalt echnical Support and Service 14
Email contact 14
echnical Support telephone numbers 14
Further resources and information 14
Solutions 14
Cobalt Developer Network 14
Discussion Groups 15
he Knowledge Base 15
Online technical papers 15
Education 15
Before contacting Cobalt Networks echnical Support 16
Support tools feature 17
Cobalt logo badge 17

Contents
viii Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual
2 Setting up the RaQ 4 19
Phase 1: Making the connection 19
Installing the RaQ 4 19
Connecting to the network 21
Connecting the power cord 21
Powering on the RaQ 4 21
Configuring the RaQ 4 for the network 22
Using the LCD console to configure the network 22
Setting the configuration 23
Phase 2: Setting up with the Web browser 24
Configuring the RaQ 4 with the Setup Wizard 25
Entering the network settings 26
Entering the administrator settings 27
Entering the service settings 28
Entering the time settings 29
Completing configuration with the Setup Wizard 29
Registering the RaQ 4 online 29
Registering online at a later time 31
Registering the RaQ 4 32
3 RaQ 4 Server Management 33
Approaches to RaQ 4 administration 34
Definition of a virtual site 35
Support for RAID-1 (RaQ 4r configuration only) 36
Site management 37
Search and sort functions 39
Searching a list of virtual sites 40
Sorting a list of virtual sites 40
Overview of virtual sites 41
FrontPage Server Extensions 44
Active Server Pages (ASP) 45
ASP Administrative Server 45
PHP embedded scripting 45
Setting defaults for a virtual site 46
Modifying the default site settings 47

Contents
Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual ix
Adding a virtual site 47
Adding a name-based virtual site 48
Removing a virtual site 49
RaQ 4 Administrator 50
Changing the RaQ 4 Administrator password 51
Resetting the RaQ 4 Administrator password 51
Control panel 52
Services 52
Web server 53
Email server 53
SM P server 53
Email relaying 56
File transfer protocol (F P) server 58
elnet server 58
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent 59
Legato file backup 60
Arkeia file backup 61
ASP Administrative Server 62
Domain Name System (DNS) server 63
Network 64
Bandwidth 65
Bandwidth Limits table 66
Applying a bandwidth limit 67
Modifying a bandwidth limit 68
Deleting a bandwidth limit 69
ime 69
Maintenance 71
Backup 71
Manual backup 72
Scheduled backup 74
Backup file locations 76
Restore 77
Install software 80
hird-party software 82
InterBase 82

Contents
x Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual
Storage 82
Adding a storage device 84
Suspend a virtual site 85
Hard suspension 85
Reboot 85
Shutdown 86
Support tools 86
Site Usage 88
System Status 89
System components 91
Central processing unit (CPU) 91
Memory 91
Disk 91
Network 91
Services 92
Web server 92
Email 92
File transfer protocol (F P) 92
elnet 92
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 92
Domain Name System 92
Active Monitor 93
4 Site Management 95
User management 97
Setting defaults for a site user 97
Modifying the default user settings 98
Adding a site user 99
Search and sort functions 100
Searching a list of site users 101
Sorting a list of site users 101
Removing a site user 102
Entering user email settings and aliases 102
Mail Forwarding and Vacation Reply 102
Email aliases 103
Adding an email alias 103

Contents
Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual xi
Changing user settings 104
Modify settings for a site user 104
Modify email options for a site user 105
Catch-all email account 107
Remove a site user 107
Mailing list management 108
Adding a mailing list 109
Modifying a mailing list 111
Removing a mailing list 112
Site settings 112
Changing site settings 113
Suspend a virtual site 115
Soft suspension 115
Suspend a site user 116
F P settings 116
SSL settings 118
Obtain an externally signed SSL certificate 119
Enable SSL on a virtual site 119
Generate a self-signed certificate 120
SSL certificate for the main site 123
Enable the administration server for SSL 123
Submit the information to an external certification authority 123
Receive the response from the external certification authority 124
Enter the information from the external certification authority 124
Delete an SSL certificate 126
Site Usage 126
Backup 128
Manual backup 128
Scheduled backup 130
Backup file locations 132
Restore 133
Server management 135
Publishing Web pages 135

Contents
xii Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual
5 Using Services on a Site 137
Managing Your Personal Profile 137
Modify site user 138
Email 138
Forward email to 139
Vacation reply 139
Usage data 140
Backup 141
Restore 143
Using email on the RaQ 4 144
Developing Web pages 145
CGI scripts 145
Server-side scripting languages 145
Publishing Web pages using F P 146
Publishing Web pages with FrontPage for User Webs only 147
Using telnet 148
A Using the LCD Conso e 149
Access to the functions 149
Changing network configuration 150
Configuring an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 151
Verifying the UPS configuration 153
Rebooting 154
Powering down 155
B Product Information 157
echnical data for the RaQ 4 157
Hardware 157
Software 158
Features 158
System management 159
Partner solutions 159
Physical data 159
Regulatory approvals 160

Contents
Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual xiii
Upgrading your RaQ 4 161
Opening the RaQ 4 161
Adding a memory module or PCI card 162
Printed circuit board 163
Adding or replacing a hard disk drive in a RaQ 4 164
Specifications for a hard disk drive 164
Requirements 165
Overview 165
Opening the RaQ 4 166
Removing a hard disk drive 169
Installing a hard disk drive 169
Connecting the hard disk drive 170
Replacing the top cover and rebooting the RaQ 4 170
C Advanced Information 171
Serial console port 171
Initializing the RaQ 4 through the serial console port 171
Development tools 173
Configuration files 174
Directory structure 175
RaQ 4 home page 175
Virtual site home page 175
Site user home page 176
Common gateway interface (CGI) usage for users 176
Scripting languages available per site 177
Active Server Pages (ASP) 177
PHP 177
D Domain Name System 179
Basic DNS 179
Enabling the DNS server feature 180
Configuring a primary DNS server 180
Specifying a reverse lookup (P R) record 181
Specifying a mail server (MX) record 181
Specifying an alias (CNAME) record 182

Contents
xiv Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual
Configuring a secondary DNS server 182
Adding a secondary domain 183
Adding a secondary network 183
Advanced DNS 184
Network Mask Notation Conversion 184
Delegating a subdomain 185
Delegating a subnet 186
Configuring server settings 186
Start of Authority (SOA) configuration 187
Name server (NS) 188
Domain administrator email address 188
Refresh interval 188
Retry interval 188
Expire interval 188
ime-to-live period ( L) 188
Sample setup of DNS service 189
Create an Address (A) Record 191
Create a second Address (A) Record 192
Create a Mail Server (MX) Record 193
Brief history of the Domain Name System (DNS) 194
What is a DNS record? 195
Who manages your DNS records? 195
How does DNS work? 195
E Licenses 197
he BSD Copyright 197
GNU General Public License 198
SSL License 204
F G ossary 205
Index 223

Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual 1
Chapter 1
Introduction
he Cobalt RaQ
M
4 is a server appliance that provides a dedicated Web-hosting
platform and offers new capabilities for high-traffic, complex Web sites and
e-commerce applications.
he RaQ 4 server appliance offers a full suite of Internet services with remote
administration capabilities, pre-packaged in a single rack-unit (1RU)
industry-standard enclosure. he RaQ 4 is pre-configured with Apache Web
server, Sendmail, File ransfer Protocol (F P) server, Domain Name System
(DNS), the Linux operating system, FrontPage Server extensions, and support for
Active Server Pages (ASP), PHP and common gateway interface (CGI) scripts.
he RaQ 4 further enhances the suite of services by offering dual hard disk drives
(RaQ 4r configuration) or room for an extra hard disk drive (RaQ 4i
configuration); support for RAID-1 disk mirroring (RaQ 4r configuration only), a
faster central processing unit (CPU), an improved Bandwidth Management
interface, pre-packaged Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), enhanced backup support
and comprehensive site usage reporting. he RaQ 4 also provides tight
integration with partner products.
he RaQ 4 is pre-loaded with InterBase 6.0, an open-source, cross-platform SQL
database from Inprise Corporation. For more information on InterBase, visit the
URL http://www.interbase.com. Also, see “InterBase” on page 82.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual
able 1 lists the differences among the RaQ 4 configurations.
he only difference between the RaQ 4i and RaQ 4r configurations is that the
RaQ 4r has two hard disk drives and offers RAID-1 disk mirroring. here is room
in the RaQ 4i to add an extra hard disk drive but it does not support RAID-1. You
cannot add an extra hard disk drive to the base RaQ 4 configuration.
Tab e 1. RaQ 4 configurations
Specification RaQ 4 RaQ 4i RaQ 4r
Dual hard disk drives No No
(room to add
an additional
hard disk
drive)
Yes
RAID-1 su ort No No Yes
10/100 BaseT network
connectors
One Two Two
PCI ex ansion slot No Yes Yes
SCSI connector No Yes Yes
Su ort for FrontPage
Server Extensions
Yes Yes Yes
Su ort for Active
Server Pages (ASP)
Yes Yes Yes
Su ort for PHP Yes Yes Yes
Su ort for SSL Yes Yes Yes
Bandwidth
management
Yes Yes Yes
InterBase 6.0 relational
database
Yes Yes Yes

General
Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual 3
he RaQ 4 provides a complete solution for virtual site hosting, Web publishing,
file transfer, email and third-party applications:
• Access to a broad range of Web and file transfer protocol (F P) publishing
capabilities. he RaQ 4 supports the common gateway interface (CGI) using
Perl scripting, Active Server Pages (ASP) and PHP embedded scripting for
creating interactive applications on the Web.
• Support for multiple Internet or intranet sites. You can host one or several
distinct sites for separate clients or projects. he RaQ 4 provides
comprehensive support for the three most popular Internet services—Web,
F P and email.
• RAID-1 disk mirroring (RaQ 4r configuration only)
• Internal and external communication through email to individuals and
groups. In addition to standard individual email, the RaQ 4 email services
include automatic response to messages when a user is on vacation and
automatic forwarding to another email address.
• Flexible platform for the development of solutions, including the
development of third-party applications.
All of these services can be used within an extranet or an intranet environment, or
across the Internet.
Genera
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the RaQ 4 controls, indicators and connectors.
✍
Note: he base RaQ 4 server configuration does not offer all of the
hardware components shown in Figure 2.

Chapter 1: Introduction
4 Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual
Front view of the RaQ 4
Figure 1. RaQ 4 front view
1. he Status Indicators signal Ethernet and hard-disk-drive activity:
Tx/Rx ( ransmit/Receive) blinks when there is network traffic on the
primary interface.
Link indicates an active network connection on the primary interface.
Col blinks when a collision is detected on the primary interface.
100 M indicates that 100 Base ethernet is being used on the primary
interface.
Disk indicates activity on the hard disk drive.
2. he Web indicator blinks to indicate Web activity.
3. he Logo Badge glows when the RaQ 4 is powered on.
4. he LCD screen displays messages and values entered. Use the arrow
buttons to toggle between choices or to enter values. (See “Using the LCD
console to configure the network” on page 22.)
5. You can use the recessed Reset Pass ord button if you forget the RaQ 4
Administrator password. (See “Resetting the RaQ 4 Administrator
password” on page 51.)
6. he LCD arro buttons allow you to enter network configuration
information, configure a UPS unit, reboot the RaQ 4 and power down the
RaQ 4.
S
E
123456

General
Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual 5
Rear view of the RaQ 4
Figure 2. RaQ 4 rear view
1. he Security lock hole is used to lock the unit to a secure location.
2. he Cooling fans maintain proper operating temperature. Ensure that the
ventilation holes are not blocked.
3. he USB port provides a Universal Serial Bus connection.
4. he SCSI connector enables a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
connection for connecting such devices as hard disk drives. (optional)
5. he Net ork status indicators/OK to Po er Off signal network activity
and information. he OK to Po er Off light flashes when it is safe to turn
the power off.
6. he Serial console port allows you to connect serial devices.
7. he Serial connector allows you to connect a UPS to the serial port for
Smart UPS support.
8. he PCI expansion slot provides space for adding a PCI card. (optional)
he Net ork connectors enable ethernet network connections and accept
the 10/100 Base network cables.
9. Net ork connection 2 . (optional)
10. Net ork connection 1 .
11. Cooling fan .
12. he Po er s itch toggles the power on or off.
13. he Po er socket receives the AC cord that is provided.
100 - 240 VAC 50/60 Hz
1.4 A 60W max
Cobalt Networks and Cobalt RaQ are 
trademarks of Cobalt Networks, Inc.
www.cobalt.com
P/N 550-00135-01
Link Tx/Rx Link Tx/Rx
3467
2
8
9
5
1
10 11 12 13

Chapter 1: Introduction
6 Cobalt RaQ 4 User Manual
RaQ 4 requirements
o use the RaQ 4, you need:
• A 10Base , 10/100Base X or 100Base X ransmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol ( CP/IP) -based local area network (LAN).
• A personal computer (attached to the network) that uses a Web browser (for
example, Netscape Navigator, version 4.7 or later, or Microsoft Internet
Explorer, version 5.0 or later).
o manage the RaQ 4 from the user interface (UI), you must enable cookies,
cascading style sheets and Javascript on your browser (these features are
normally enabled by default).
• Network parameters, which you can obtain from your network
administrator; these include the IP address assigned to the RaQ 4, the subnet
mask of your network and a gateway or router address (if communicating
with other networks).
Target audience for the RaQ 4
he user manual is for RaQ 4 Administrators who use the RaQ 4 to develop and
host Web sites. RaQ 4 Administrators should be familiar with Microsoft®
Windows
M
, Macintosh® or other operating systems, and Netscape Navigator®,
Microsoft® Internet Explorer or other Web browsers.