Cobalt Digital Inc RaQ 3 User manual

Cobalt RaQ
TM
3
User Manual

©1999 Cobalt Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part Number: 070-00184-03
Date: 06-2000
Cobalt Networks and Cobalt RaQ are trademarks of Cobalt Networks, Inc.
The RSA software and the RSA logo are trademarks of RSA Data Security Inc.
All other company, brand and product names may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their
respective companies and are hereby recognized.
This publication and the information herein is furnished AS IS, subject to change without notice, and
should not be construed as a commitment by Cobalt Networks, Inc. Furthermore, Cobalt Networks,
Inc., assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies, makes no warranty of any
kind (express, implied or statutory) with respect to this publication, and expressly disclaims any and
all warranties of merchantability, fitness for particular purposes and noninfringement of third-party
right.
The majority of the software used within the Cobalt RaQ can be freely distributed under the terms of
the BSD copyright and the GNU Public License. However, some applications remain the property of
their owners, and require their permission to redistribute. For a complete listing of the software used
within the Cobalt RaQ, and the terms under which it can be distributed, refer to the Cobalt Web site at
http://www.cobalt.com/ .
The Cobalt RaQ 3 includes software developed by the Apache Group for use in the Apache HTTP
server project (http://www.apache.org/).
The Cobalt RaQ 3 also includes Majordomo, a package for managing Internet mailing lists. The
latest version of Majordomo can be obtained from ftp://ftp.greatcircle.com/pub/majordomo/ .
Sendmail is a trademark of Sendmail, Inc.
Cobalt Networks, Inc.
555 Ellis Street
Mountain View, CA 94043
www.cobalt.com
In the U.S.A.:
Phone (888) 70-COBALT
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Outside the U.S.A.:
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]

iii
Important Safeguards
For your protection, please read all these instructions regarding your Cobalt RaQ 3 and retain for
future reference.
1. Read Instructions
Read and understand all the safety and operating instructions before operating the appliance.
2. Ventilation
The Cobalt RaQ 3’s vents (on the front) and the fan opening(s) (on the back panel) are provided for
ventilation and reliable operation of the product and to protect it from overheating. These openings
must not be blocked or covered. This product should not be placed in a built-in installation unless
proper ventilation is provided.
3. Lithium Battery
The lithium battery on the system board provides power for the real-time clock and CMOS RAM.
The battery has an estimated useful life expectancy of 5 to 10 years. If your system no longer keeps
accurate time and date settings, it may be time to change the battery. Contact Cobalt for service
information. There are no operator serviceable parts inside.
Warning: There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly
replaced or replaced with the wrong type of battery. Replace only with
the same or equivalent type recommended by the equipment
manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to manufacturer’s
instructions.
Attention: Il y a danger d’explosion s’il y a remplacement incorrect de
la pile. Remplacer uniquement avec une pile du même type ou d’un
type équivalent recommandé par le fabricant. Mettre au rebut les piles
usagées conformément aux instructions du fabricant.
Achtung: Explosionsgefahr wenn die Battery in umgekehrter Polarität
eingesetzt wird. Nur mit einem gleichen oder ähnlichen, vom Hersteller
empfohlenen Typ, ersetzen. Verbrauchte Batterien müssen per den
Instructionen des Herstellers verwertet werden.
English
Français
Deutsch

iv
4. Power Cord
!
Caution: The power-supply cord is used as the main disconnect
device. Ensure that the socket outlet is located or installed near the
equipment and is easily accessible.
!
Attention: Le cordon d’alimentation sert d’interrupteur général. La
prise de courant doit être située or installée à proximité du matérial et
offrir un accès facile.
!
Achtung: Zur sicheren Trennung des Gerätes vom Netz ist der
Netzstecker zu ziehen. Vergewissern Sie sich, daß die Steckdose leicht
zugänglich ist.
5. Electrical Shock
To reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not disassemble this product. Take it to a qualified service
person when service or repair work is required. Opening or removing covers may expose you to
dangerous voltage or other risks. Incorrect reassembly can cause electric shock when this product is
subsequently used.
6. Operating the unit in an equipment rack
If you plan to install the Cobalt RaQ 3 in an equipment rack, take the following precautions:
(a) Ensure the ambient temperature around the Cobalt RaQ 3 (which may be higher than the room
temperature) is within the limits specified in Appendix B. See “Physical data” on page 141.
(b) Ensure there is sufficient air flow around the unit.
(c) Ensure electrical circuits are not overloaded; consider the nameplate ratings of all the connected
equipment and ensure you have overcurrent protection.
(d) Ensure the equipment is properly grounded, particularly any equipment connected to a power
strip.
(e) Do not place any objects on top of the Cobalt RaQ 3.
English
Français
Deutsch

v
7. Browsers
Both Netscape Navigator® and Microsoft® Internet Explorer have bugs that can cause intermittent,
unexplained failures. When using a Web browser to interact with your Cobalt RaQ 3, you may
occasionally experience a browser failure. Released product versions of the browsers are usually
more reliable than beta versions, and later versions typically work the most reliably. A browser
program failure, although annoying, does not adversely affect your Cobalt RaQ 3’s data. The Cobalt
RaQ 3 has been tested with both Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer, versions 4 or
higher.
Regulations and Information
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Re-orient or re-locate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver
is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
In order to maintain compliance with FCC regulations, shielded cables must be used with this
equipment. Operation with non-approved equipment or unshielded cables is likely to result in
interference to radio and TV reception. The user is cautioned that changes and modifications made to
the equipment without the approval of manufacturer can void the user’s authority to operate this
equipment.
This equipment is in compliance with Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and is UL listed.

vi

vii
Contents
Important Safeguards iii
1 Introduction 1
General 2
Front view of the RaQ 3 3
Rear view of the RaQ 3 4
RaQ 3 requirements 5
Target audience for the RaQ 3 5
Cobalt Developer Network 5
Organization of the user manual 7
List of chapters and appendices 10
Icons used on the UI and in the manual 10
Customer Service and Technical Support 13
General Cobalt information 13
Cobalt Technical Support and Service 13
Further information 14
Before contacting Cobalt Networks Technical Support 15
To speed up your support call 15
Support tools feature 16
Cobalt logo badge 16
2 Setting up the RaQ 3 17
Phase 1: Making the connection 17
Installing the RaQ 3 17
Connecting to the network 19
Connecting the power cord 19
Powering on the RaQ 3 19
Configuring the RaQ 3 for the network 20
Using the LCD console to configure the network 20
Setting the configuration 21

Contents
viii
Phase 2: Setting up with the Web browser 22
Configuring the RaQ 3 with the Setup Wizard 23
Entering the network settings 24
Entering the administrator settings 25
Entering the service settings 26
Entering the time settings 27
Completing configuration with the Setup Wizard 27
Registering the RaQ 3 online 27
Registering online at a later time 29
Registering the RaQ 3 30
3 RaQ 3 Server Management 31
Approaches to RaQ 3 administration 33
Definition of a virtual site 34
Site management 35
Search and sort functions 36
Overview of virtual sites 38
Output bandwidth management 40
Setting defaults for a virtual site 41
Adding a virtual site 43
Adding a name-based virtual site 44
Removing a virtual site 44
RaQ 3 Administrator 45
Changing the RaQ 3 Administrator password 46
Resetting the RaQ 3 Administrator password 46
Control panel 47
Services 47
Web server 48
Email server 48
Email relaying 51
File transfer protocol (FTP) server 52
Telnet server 53
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent 53
Legato file backup 54
Arkeia file backup 54
Domain Name System (DNS) server 55
Network 56
Time 58

Contents
ix
Maintenance 58
Backup 58
Manual backup 59
Scheduled backup 61
Backup file locations 62
Restore 63
Install software 66
Third-party software 67
Add-on storage support 68
Suspend a virtual site 69
Hard suspension 69
Reboot 70
Shutdown 70
Support tools 71
Site Usage 72
System Status 74
System components 75
Central processing unit (CPU) 75
Memory 75
Disk 75
Network 75
Services 76
Web server 76
Email 76
File transfer protocol (FTP) 76
Telnet 76
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 76
Domain Name System 76
Active Monitor 77
4 Site Management 79
User management 81
Setting defaults for a site user 81
Adding a site user 83
Search and sort functions 84
Removing a site user 86

Contents
x
Entering user email settings and aliases 86
Mail Forwarding and Vacation Reply 86
Email aliases 86
Changing user settings 88
Modify settings for a site user 88
Modify email options for a site user 89
Remove a site user 89
Mailing list management 90
Adding a mailing list 91
Modifying a mailing list 92
Removing a mailing list 93
Site settings 93
Changing site settings 94
Suspend a virtual site 96
Soft suspension 96
Suspend a site user 96
FTP settings 97
SSL settings 98
Obtain an externally signed SSL certificate 100
Enable SSL on a virtual site 100
Generate a self-signed certificate 102
SSL certificate for the main site 105
Enable the administration server for SSL 105
Submit the information to an external
certification authority 106
Receive the response from the external
certification authority 106
Enter the information from the external
certification authority 106
Delete an SSL certificate 107
Site Usage 108
Backup 109
Manual backup 110
Scheduled backup 111
Backup file locations 113
Restore 114
Server management 115
Publishing Web pages 115

Contents
xi
5 Using Services on a Site 117
Managing Your Personal Profile 117
Modify site user 118
Email 118
Forward email to 119
Vacation reply 120
Usage data 120
Backup 121
Restore 122
Using email on the RaQ 3 123
Developing Web pages 124
CGI scripts 124
Publishing Web pages using FTP 125
Publishing Web pages with FrontPage 126
Using telnet 127
6 New Features on the RaQ 3 129
Add-on storage support 129
Disaster recovery 129
Output bandwidth management 129
Search and sort 129
Virtual sites 130
Site users 130
Secure administration (SSL) 130
Site Usage 130
Support for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 131
Support tools 131
Suspend a virtual site 132
Suspend a site user 132

Contents
xii
A Using the LCD Console 133
Changing network configuration 134
Configuring an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 135
Rebooting 137
Powering down 138
B Product Specifications 139
Technical data for the RaQ 3 139
Hardware 139
Software 139
Features 139
System management 140
Partner solutions 141
Physical data 141
Regulatory approvals 141
Upgrading your RaQ 3 142
Opening the RaQ 3 142
Adding a memory module or PCI card 143
Printed circuit board 144
C Advanced Information 145
Serial console port 145
Development tools 145
Configuration files 146
Directory structure 147
RaQ 3 home page 147
Virtual site home page 147
Site user home page 148
Common gateway interface (CGI) usage for users 148

Contents
xiii
D Domain Name System 149
Basic DNS 149
Enabling the DNS server feature 150
Configuring a primary DNS server 150
Specifying a reverse lookup (PTR) record 151
Specifying a mail server (MX) record 152
Specifying an alias (CNAME) record 152
Configuring a secondary DNS server 153
Advanced DNS 154
Network Mask Notation Conversion 154
Delegating a subdomain 155
Delegating a subnet 156
Configuring server settings 156
Start of Authority (SOA) configuration 157
Name server (NS) 158
Domain administrator email address 158
Refresh interval 158
Retry interval 158
Expire interval 158
Time-to-live period (TTL) 158
Quick Start Guide for Domain Name Service (DNS) 159
Brief history of the Domain Name System (DNS) 164
What is a DNS record? 165
Who manages your DNS records? 165
How does DNS work? 165
E Licenses 167
F Glossary 173
G Index 183

Contents
xiv

1
Chapter 1
Introduction
The Cobalt RaQ
TM
3 is a third-generation server appliance that provides
a dedicated web-hosting platform and offers new capabilities for
high-traffic, complex web sites and e-commerce applications.
The RaQ 3 server appliance offers a full suite of Internet services with
remote administration capabilities, pre-packaged in a single rack-unit
(1RU) industry-standard enclosure. The RaQ 3 is pre-configured with
Apache web server, Sendmail, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server,
Domain Name System (DNS), the Linux operating system and
FrontPage Server extensions. The RaQ 3 further enhances the service
suite by offering bandwidth management, pre-packaged Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL), enhanced backup support and comprehensive site usage
reporting.
The RaQ 3 provides tight integration with partner products. The RaQ 3
also offers several hardware enhancements over its predecessor: a
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) expansion slot (RaQ 3i
configuration only), support for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS),
a faster Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) (RaQ 3i configuration
only), a faster central processing unit (CPU) and room for extra RAM.
There are two sets of hardware configurations available: the RaQ 3i and
the RaQ 3:
• The RaQ 3i has two 10/100 BaseT network connectors, one PCI
expansion slot and one SCSI connector.
• The RaQ 3 has one 10/100 BaseT network connector, no PCI
expansion slot and no SCSI connector.

Chapter 1
2
The RaQ 3 provides a complete solution for virtual site hosting, Web
publishing, file transfer, email and third-party applications:
• Access to a broad range of Web and file transfer protocol (FTP)
publishing capabilities. The RaQ 3 supports the common gateway
interface (CGI) using Perl scripting (or the language of your
choice) for creating interactive applications on the Web.
• Support for multiple Internet or intranet sites. You can host one or
several distinct sites for separate clients or projects. The RaQ 3
provides comprehensive support for the three most popular Internet
services — Web, FTP and email.
• Internal and external communication through email to individuals
and groups. In addition to standard individual email, the RaQ 3
email services include automatic response to messages when a user
is on vacation and automatic forwarding to another email address.
• Flexible platform for the development of solutions, including the
development of third-party applications.
All of these services can be used within an extranet or an intranet
environment, or across the Internet.
General
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show all the RaQ 3 controls, indicators and
connectors.

Introduction
3
Front view of the RaQ 3
Figure 1 RaQ 3 front view
1. The Status Indicators signal Ethernet and hard drive activity:
Tx/Rx (Transmit/Receive) blinks when there is network traffic
on the primary interface.
Link indicates an active network connection on the primary
interface.
Col blinks when a collision is detected on the primary
interface.
100 M indicates that 100 BaseT ethernet is being used on the
primary interface.
Disk indicates activity on the hard disk drive.
2. The Web indicator blinks to indicate Web activity.
3. The Logo Badge glows when the RaQ 3 is powered on.
4. The LCD screen displays messages and values entered. Use the
arrow buttons to toggle between choices or to enter values. (See
“Using the LCD console to configure the network” on page 20.)
5. You can use the recessed Reset Password button if you forget the
RaQ 3 Administrator password. (See “Resetting the RaQ 3
Administrator password” on page 46.)
6. The LCD arrow buttons allow you to enter network configuration
information, configure a UPS unit, reboot the RaQ 3 and power
down the RaQ 3.
S
E
123456

Chapter 1
4
Rear view of the RaQ 3
Figure 2 RaQ 3 rear view
1. The Security lock hole is used to lock the unit to a secure location.
2. The Cooling fans maintain proper operating temperature. Ensure
that the ventilation holes are not blocked.
3. The USB port provides a Universal Serial Bus connection
4. The SCSI connector enables a Small Computer System
Interface (SCSI) connection for connecting such devices as hard
drives. The SCSI connector is available on the RaQ 3i
configuration only.
5. The Network status indicators/OK to Power Off signal network
activity and information. The OK to Power Off light flashes when
it is safe to turn the power off.
6. The Serial console port allows you to connect serial devices.
7. The Serial connector allows you to connect a UPS to the serial port
for Smart UPS support.
8. The PCI expansion slot provides space for adding a PCI card; the
expansion slot is available on the RaQ 3i configuration only.
9. The Network connectors enable Ethernet network connections and
accept the 10/100 BaseT network cables.
Network connection 2 (RaQ 3i configuration only)
10. Network connection 1
11. Cooling fan .
12. The Power switch toggles the power on or off.
13. The Power socket receives the AC cord that is provided.
100 - 240 VAC 50/60 Hz
1.4 A 60W max
Cobalt Networks and Cobalt RaQ are
trademarks of Cobalt Networks, Inc.
www.cobalt.com
P/N 550-00135-01
Link Tx/Rx Link Tx/Rx
3467
2
8
9
5
1
10 11 12 13

Introduction
5
RaQ 3 requirements
To use the RaQ 3, you need:
• A 10BaseT, 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseTX Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) -based local area
network (LAN).
• A personal computer (attached to the network) that uses a Web
browser (Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer,
versions 4.0 or later). To manage the RaQ 3 from the user
interface (UI), your browser must have Java and Javascript enabled.
• Network parameters, which you can obtain from your system or
network administrator; these include the RaQ 3’s assigned
IP address, the subnet mask of your network and a gateway/router
address (if communicating with other networks).
Target audience for the RaQ 3
The user manual is for RaQ 3 Administrators who use the RaQ 3 to
develop and host Web sites. RaQ 3 Administrators should be familiar
with Microsoft® Windows
TM
, Macintosh® or other operating systems,
and Netscape Navigator®, Microsoft® Internet Explorer or other Web
browsers.
Cobalt Developer Network
Cobalt provides a wide range of resources, such as technical notes and
white papers, for developers of Linux applications for Cobalt platforms.
Premium resources are also available.
To register with the Cobalt Developer Network at no cost, visit the Web
site at http://developer.cobalt.com/ .

Chapter 1
6
A RaQ 3 can host multiple Internet or intranet sites, which can provide
Web content, email and FTP services. It can be used by three different
kinds of users:
• The RaQ 3 Administrator is the person who controls and runs the
RaQ 3. This person sets up and maintains the RaQ 3, sets up virtual
sites, and sets access privileges and provides services for the Site
Administrators and site users. The RaQ 3 Administrator can also act
as the Site Administrator for any virtual site.
Note: Whereas industry uses the term “virtual host”, Cobalt
Networks uses the term “virtual site”. In Cobalt’s definition, a
virtual site consists of a Domain Name System (DNS) domain
with Web, FTP and email services. Each virtual site contains its
own list of site user accounts. Each site user account has its
own Web, email spool and any number of email aliases. The
fully qualified domain name of a virtual site is unique to that site,
while its IP address can be shared by many sites. For more
information, see “Definition of a virtual site”on page 34.
• The Site Administrator manages a virtual site, located on the
RaQ 3, that can provide Web publishing, email and FTP services
for the users of the site. The Site Administrator sets up user
accounts and access privileges, maintains mailing lists, controls the
settings for the virtual site and its FTP service, has access to users’
email settings, can generate reports about the virtual site’s disk and
Web usage, and can back up and restore files residing on the site.
• Site users can send and receive email through the site, upload and
download files using the FTP service provided by the site, publish
their own personal Web page on the site, and back up and restore
their home directories.