Commodore 1570 User manual

COMMODORE
DISK DRIVE
1570/71==
Users's Guide
COMMODORE
DISK DRIVE
1570171
Users's Guide

USERS MANUAL STATEMENT
WARNING: This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for
a Class B computing device, pursuant to subpart J of Part 15 of the
Federal Communications Commission's rules, which are designed to pro
vide reasonable protection against radio and television interference in a
residential installation. If not installed properly, in strict accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions, it may cause such interference. If you
suspect interference, you can test this equipment by turning it off and on. If
this equipment does cause interference, correct it by doing any of the
following:
• Reorient the receiving antenna or AC plug.
• Change the relative positions of the computer and the receiver.
• Plug the computer into a different outlet so the computer and
receiver are on different circuits.
CAUTION: Only peripherals with shield-grounded cables (computer input-
output devices, terminals, printers, etc.), certified to comply with Class B
limits, can be attached to this computer. Operation with non-certified
peripherals is likely to result in communications interference.
Your house AC wall receptacle must be a three-pronged type (AC
ground). If not, contact an electrician to install the proper receptacle. If a
multi-connector box is used to connect the computer and peripherals to
AC, the ground must be common to all units.
If necessary, consult your Commodore dealer or an experienced radio-
teievision technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following
FCC booklet helpful: "How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference
Problems." The booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, stock no. 004-000-00345-4.
FOR USERS IN UK
WARNING: THIS APPARATUS MUST BE EARTHED !
IMPORTANT. The wires in this mains lead are coloured in accordance with the fol
lowing code:
Green and yellow
Blue
Brown
Earth
Neutral
Live
As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not correspond
with the coloured marking identifying the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows:
The wire which is coloured green and yellow must be connected to the terminal in
the plug which is marked by the letter E or by the safety earth symbol—or coloured
green or green and yellow.
The wire which is coloured blue must be connected to the terminal which is
marked with the letter N or coloured black.
The wire which is coloured brown must be connected to the terminal which is
marked with the letter L or coloured red.
USER'S MANUAL STATEMENT
WARNING: This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for
a Class B computing device, pursuant to subpart J of Part 15 of the
Federal Communications Commission's rules, which are designed to pro-
vide reasonable protection against radio and television interference in a
residential installation.
If not installed properly, in strict accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions, it may cause such interference.
If you
suspect interference, you can test this equipment by turning it off and on. If
this equipment does cause interference, correct it by doing any of the
following:
• Reorient the receiving antenna or AC plug.
• Change t
he relative positions of the co mputer and the receiver.
•
Pl ug the co mputer in to a di ff ere nt o ut let so the co mputer and
receiver are on diffe r ent ci rcu its.
CAUTION: Only peripherals with shield-grounded cables (computer input-
output devices,
te rminals, printers, etc.), certified to comply with Class B
limits, can be attached to this computer. Operation wi th non-certified
pe ripherals is likely to result in communications interference.
Your house
AC wall receptacle must be a three-pronged type (AC
ground). If not, contact an electrician to install the proper receptacle. If a
multi-connector box is used to connect the computer and peripherals to
AC, the ground must be common to all units.
If necessary, consult your Commodore dealer or an experienced radio-
television technician for additional suggestions.
You may find the following
FCC booklet h elp ful: "How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference
Problems." T he booklet is available from the U.S. Gove rn ment Pr inting
Offi ce, Washington, D.C. 20402, stock no. 004-000-00345-4.
FOR USE RS IN UK
WARNI NG : TH IS APPARATUS MUST BE EARTHED!
IMPORTANT . The wires in this mains lead are coloured in accordance with the fol·
lowi
ng code :
Green and yellow Earth
Blue Neutral
Brown live
As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not correspond
wi
th the coloured marking identifying the terminals in your plug. proceed as follows;
The wire which is coloured green and yellow must be connected 10 the terminal in
the plug which is marked by th e letter E or by the safety earth symbol-or coloured
green or green and yellow.
The wire which is co loured blue must be connected to the terminal which is
marked with the letter N or coloured black.
The wire
which is coloured brown must be connected to the terminal wh ich is
marked with the letter L or co loured red.

Disk Drive
User's Guide
1570/1571

Copyright © 1985 by Commodore Electronics Limited
Second Printing. August 1985
All rights reserved
This manual contains copyrighted and proprietary information.
No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission
of Commodore Electronics Limited.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1
PART ONE: BASIC OPERATING INFORMATION
CHAPTER 1:
HOW TO UNPACK, SET UP AND BEGIN USING THE 1571 .... 3
step-by-step instructions
......................................... 3
operating modes
................................................. 5
troubleshooting guide
............................................ 6
simple maintenance tips
.......................................... 7
inserting a diskette
.............................................. 7
diskette care
................................................... 8
using pre-programmed (software) diskettes
......................... 9
how to
prepare a new diskette ................................... 10
diskette directory .............................................. 11
selective directories ............................................. 12
printing a directory ............................................ 13
pattern matching .............................................. 13
splat files ..................................................... 13
CHAPTER 2: BASIC 2.0 COMMANDS ................................... 14
error checking ................................................. 14
BASIC hints .................................................. 15
save .......................................................... 16
save with replace
............................................... 16
verify ........................................................ 17
scratch ....................................................... 18
more about scratch ............................................. 19
rename ....................................................... 20
renaming
and scratching troublesome files (advanced users) .......... 21
copy ......................................................... 21
validate ....................................................... 23
initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CHAPTER 3: BASIC 7.0 COMMANDS ................................... 25
error checking ................................................. 25
save .......................................................... 25
save with replace ............................................... 26
dverify ....................................................... 27
copy ......................................................... 27
concat. ....................................................... 28
scratch ....................................................... 28
more about scratch ............................................. 29
rename ....................................................... 30
renaming and scratching troublesome files (advanced users) .......... 30
collect ........................................................ 31
initialize ...................................................... 32

CHAPTER 4: DOS SHELL ......•...•......•....•..•..•................ 33
language selection
...•...•...•.........•........................ 33
primary menu screen •...•...................................... 33
disk/printer setup
..•.......................................•..• 33
run a program ••...•........................................... 34
format a disk .••...........................•.....•............. 34
cleanup a disk .....•....•...•............................. ' ..... 34
copy a disk
•....................•.....•..........•............. 35
copy files
..............•...••..........•...................•.. 35
delete files
..............••............................•....... 36
restore files
...........................................•....... 36
rename files
..............................................•.... 37
reorder directory .......•...................................... 37
PART TWO: ADVANCED OPERATION
AND PROGRAMMING
CHAPTER 5: SEQUENTIAL DATA FILES
........•...................... 39
the concept of files
............................................• 39
opening a file ...............•......•........................... 39
adding to a sequential file •...•......•........................... 43
writing file data: using print# ................................... 43
closing a
file ........•....•............•........................ 45
reading file data: using input# ................................... 46
more about input# (advanced users) .............................. 47
numeric data storage on diskette ................................. 48
reading file data: using get# ..................................... 49
demonstration of sequential files .................................. 51
CHAPTER 6: RELATIVE DATA FILES .................................. 53
the value of relative access ....................................... 53
files, records, and fields ......................................... 53
file limits •.................................................... 54
creating a relative
file ........................................... 54
using relative files:
record# command ............................. 55
completing relative file creation .................................. 57
expanding a relative
file .....................................•... 59
writing relative
file data ..............................•.......... 59
designing a relative record
...................................... 59
writing the record
.............................................. 60
reading a relative record ........................................ 64
the value
of index files (advanced users) ........................... 66

CHAPTER 7: DIRECT ACCESS COMMANDS ............•.............•. 67
a tool for advanced users ......................................•. 67
opening a data channel for direct access ........................... 67
block-read .................................................... 68
block-write ..........•....••..••..•...•............•.....•..... 69
the original block-read and block-write commands (expert users) ...... 70
the buffer pointer .............................................. 71
allocating blocks ...................•..•..................•..•.. 72
freeing blocks .....•...•..........•.........•............•..... 73
using random files (advanced users) ............................... 73
CHAPTER 8: INTERNAL DISK COMMANDS ............................ 74
memory-read ....•.......•...•.............•................... 75
memory-write ................................................. 76
memory-execute
..•...•••.........••..•..................••.... 77
block-execute .................................................. 78
user commands .•...•.............•...•...•...............•..•. 79
utility loader .................................................. 80
CHAPTER 9: MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS
....................... 81
disk-related kernal subroutines .................................. 81
CHAPTER 10: BURST COMMANDS .•......•..•........................ 82
read ......................................................... 82
write
.•...•..................•...............•................ 83
inquire disk
.....•............•...•............................ 83
format MFM ................................................•. 84
format
GCR (no directory) ...................................... 85
sector interleave
.................................•............. 85
query disk format ....................................•......... 86
inquire status ..................................•........•...... 86
chgutl utility
.................................................. 87
fastload utility ................................................. 87
status byte breakdown .......................................... 88
burst transfer protocol. .........•..•..........................•. 89
explanation of procedures ...•...•..•..••......................•. 90
example burst routines ..............•.........................•. 91
APPENDICES:
A: changing the device number .................................. 98
B: dos error messages .............•...............•............ 99
C: diskette formats: GCRfMFM .....•..••.................... ' ... 103
D: disk command quick reference chart .................•.......• 112
E: specifications of the
1571 disk drive ...•...•................... 114
F: serial interface information
..•............................... 116
G: disk operating systems: Commodore and CP/M
............•.... 118
USER'S MANUAL STATEMENT
........................... inside back cover

INTRODUCTION
MAIN OPERATING FEATURES
The 1571 is a versatile disk drive that handles multiple disk formats and data transfer
rates. Disk formats range from single-sided, single-density
to double-sided, double-
density. The
1571 can be used with a variety of computers, including the Commodore
128, the Commodore 64, the Plus 4, C16, and
VIC 20.
When used with the Commodore
128 Personal Computer, the 1571 offers the
following features:
• Standard andfast serial data transfer rates- The 1571 automatically selects the
proper data transfer rate (fast or slow) to match the three operating modes
available on the Commodore
128 computer (C128 mode, C64 mode, and CP/M
mode).
• Ability to read and write in double-density MFM format- This allows access to
the CP/M software libraries of other personal computers.
• Double-sided, double-density data recording-Provides up to 339K storage ca-
pacity per disk (l69K per side).
• Special high-speed burst commands- These commands, used for machine lan-
guage programs, transfer data several times faster than the standard or fast serial
rates.
When used with the Commodore 64 computer, the
1571 disk drive supports the
standard single-density GCR format disks used with the Commodore
1541,1551,4040,
and 2031 disk drives.
NOTE
CP/M disks are included in Commodore 128
carton; CP/M operating information is pre-
sented
in the Commodore 128 user manuals.
HOW THIS GUIDE IS ORGANIZED
This guide is divided into two main parts and seven appendices, as described below:
PART ONE: BASIC OPERATING INFORMATION-includes all the information
needed by novices and advanced users
to set up and begin using the Commodore
1571 disk drive. PART ONE is subdivided into four chapters:
• Chapter I tells you how
to use disk software programs that you buy, like Perfect
Writer® and Jane®. These pre-written programs help you perform a variety of
activities in fields such
as business, education, finance, science, and recreation. If
you're interested only in loading ard running pre-packaged disk programs, you
need read no further than this chapter. If you are also interested in saving, loading,
and running your own programs, you will want
to read the remainder of the guide.
• Chapter 2 describes
the use of the BASIC 2.0 disk commands with the Commo-
dore 64 and Commodore
128 computers.

• Chapter 3 describes the use of the BASIC 7.0 disk commands with the Commo-
dore 128.
• Chapter 4 describes the use
of the DOS Shell program, which provides you with a
convenient alternative way to execute disk drive commands. The DOS Shell
is
included on the 1571 test/demo diskette supplied with your disk drive.
PART TWO: ADVANCED OPERATION AND
PROGRAMMING-is primarily
intended for users familiar with computer programming.
PART TWO is subdivided
into six chapters:
• Chapter 5 discusses the concept
of data files, defines sequential data files, and
describes how sequential data files are created and used on disk.
• Chapter 6 defines the differences between sequential and relative data files, and
describes how relative data files
are created and used on disk.
• Chapter 7 describes direct access disk commands
as a tool for advanced users and
illustrates their use.
• Chapter 8 centers on internal disk commands. Before using these advanced
commands, you should know how to program a 6502 chip
in machine language
and have access to a good memory map of the 1571.
• Chapter 9 provides a list
of disk-related kernal ROM subroutines and gives a
practical example
of their use in a program.
• Chapter
10 gives information on high-speed burst commands.
APPENDICES A THROUGH
G-provide various reference information; for example,
Appendix A tells you how to set the device number through use
of two switches on the
back
of the drive.
2