Compatible Systems MicroRouter 1250i User manual

MicroRouter 1250i
Installation Guide
Compatible Systems Corporation
4730 Walnut Street
Suite 102
Boulder, Colorado 80301
303-444-9532
800-356-0283
http://www.compatible.com

MicroRouter 1250i Installation Guide, Version 3.0
Copyright© 1999, Compatible Systems Corporation
All rights reserved. MicroRouter and CompatiView are trademarks of
Compatible Systems Corporation. Other trademarks are the property of
their respective holders.
Part number: A00-1265
FCC Notice: This product has been certified to comply with the limits
for a Class A computing device, pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC
Rules. It is designed to provide reasonable protection against radio or
television communication interference in a commercial environment.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area could cause interfer-
ence with radio or television communication.

i
Chapter 1 - Introduction 1
ABOUT THE MICROROUTER 1250I1
ANOTE ABOUT FIREWALLS 1
ANOTE ABOUT ON-DEMAND INTERNETWORKING 1
MICROROUTER 1250IINSTALLATION OVERVIEW 2
Chapter 2 - Getting Started 5
AFEW NOTES 5
Please Read The Manuals 5
Warranty and Service 5
Getting Help With the MicroRouter 1250i 5
WHAT YOU WILL NEED TOGET STARTED 6
Supplied with the MicroRouter 1250i 6
Needed For Installation 6
Ethernet Connection Requirements 7
10Base-T Twisted-Pair Ethernet 7
T1 Line Connection Requirements 7
Other Telco Line Connection Requirements 7
RS-232 Interface 8
Chapter 3 - Network Installation 9
Placing the Router 9
Connecting the Router to the Ethernet 10
Connecting to Twisted-Pair Ethernet 10
Connecting the Router to a T1 Line 10
Connecting a Line Device to the Secondary Port 10
ConnectingDevices to the RS-232C Interface 10
Connecting an Out-of-Band Management Console 11
Powering Up the Router 11
Chapter 4 - CompatiView Software Installation 13
COMPATIVIEW FOR WINDOWS 13
System Requirements 13
Installation and Operation 13
Transport Protocols and CompatiView 14

ii
Chapter 5 - Command Line Management 15
Out-of-Band Command Line Management 15
Temporarily Reconfiguring a Host for Command Line
Management 16
Setting Up Telnet Operation 16
Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide 19
ETHERNET INTERFACE CONFIGURATION 20
IP Protocol 20
Required for IP 20
Suggested for IP 20
IPX Protocol 21
Required for IPX 21
Suggested for IPX 21
WAN INTERFACE CONFIGURATION 21
Internal T1 CSU/DSU (WAN 0) Physical Communications
Settings 21
Required for Dedicated Line Operation 21
Suggested for Dedicated Line Operation 21
RS-232(WAN 1) Physical Communications Settings 22
Internal T1 CSU/DSU (WAN 0) Link Configuration 22
Required for Dedicated Line Operation 22
Suggested for Dedicated/Leased Line Operation 22
RS-232 (WAN 1) Link Configuration 22
Required forDedicated/Leased Line Operation 22
Suggested for Dedicated/Leased Line Operation 23
Required for Dial-On-Demand Operation 23
Suggested for Dial-On-Demand Operation 23
IP Protocol 24
Required for IP 24
Suggested for IP 24
IPX Protocol 24
Required for IPX 24
Suggested for IPX 24

iii
Internal T1 CSU/DSU (WAN 0) Link Configuration 25
Required forDedicated/Leased Line Operation 25
Suggested for Dedicated/Leased Line Operation 25
RS-232 (WAN 1) Link Configuration 25
Suggested for Dedicated/Leased Line Operation 26
Frame Relay DLCI Mappings 26
IP Protocol 26
Required for IP Numbered Interface 26
Required for IP Unnumbered Interface 27
Suggested for IP 27
IPX Protocol 27
Required for IPX 27
Suggested for IPX 27
Internal T1 CSU/DSU (WAN 0) Link Configuration 28
SMDS Addressing 28
SAVING A CONFIGURATION FILE TO FLASH ROM 28
Appendix A - Shipping Defaults 29
Default Password 29
Ethernet Interface 29
IP Routing Defaults 29
IP Bridging Defaults 29
IPX Routing Defaults 29
IPX Bridging Defaults 29
WAN Interfaces 30
IP Defaults 30
IPX Defaults 30
T1 CSU/DSU (WAN 0) Link & Physical Defaults 30
RS-232 (WAN 1) Link & Physical Defaults 30
Appendix B - Connector and Cable Pin Outs 31
Pin Outs for T1 Female Connector (DTE) 31
Pin Outs for DB-25 Male to DB-25 Female RS-232 Data &
Console Cable 31

iv
Appendix C - LED Patterns and Test Switch Settings 33
MicroRouter 1250i LED Patterns 33
Power On, No Traffic 33
Ethernet Traffic Indicators (Ethernet LED Bar) 33
WAN Indicators (WAN LED Bar) 33
Other Indicators (on All LED Bars) 34
MicroRouter 1250i Switch Settings 34
Appendix D - Downloading Software From Compatible
Systems 35
Appendix E - Terms and Conditions 37

Chapter 1 - Introduction 1
Chapter 1 - Introduction
About the MicroRouter 1250i
Congratulations on your purchase of the MicroRouter 1250i multiport
wide area router with integrated Fractional/Full T1 CSU/DSU. The
MicroRouter 1250i supports the IP and IPX network protocols, with
leased-line and/or dial-on-demand operation using the PPP, Frame
Relay and/or SMDS wide area protocols.
A Note About Firewalls
The MicroRouter 1250i can be configured to be a very effective packet
screening firewall. However, you must carefully set up your network
and add packet filters in order for it to be effective in this role.
THE SHIPPING CONFIGURATION IN YOUR MICROROUTER
1250i DOES NOT PROVIDE AUTOMATIC FIREWALL PROTEC-
TION. YOU MUST FIRST PROGRAM YOUR ROUTER TO WORK
IN THIS ROLE ON YOUR NETWORK.
v Note: Due to the nature of the IP protocol, IP packet filtering can
be quite complicated. If you are attempting to design and implement a
comprehensive set of filters, or an Internet Firewall, there are a number
of references you should consult. Two good starting points are:
Building Internet Firewalls, by Brent Chapman, O’Reilly and
Associates, 1995, and Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the
Wily Hacker, by William R. Cheswick and Steven M. Bellovin,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.
A Note About On-Demand Internetworking
The MicroRouter 1250i can be configured to provide cost effective
on-demand connections over a wide area communications link (typi-
cally a voice phone line, a switched 56 line, or an ISDN line). Your
network traffic and the configuration you place in the router will deter-
mine how often and for how long such a link is connected.
THE SHIPPING CONFIGURATION IN YOUR MICROROUTER
1250i DOES NOT PROVIDE AUTOMATIC ON-DEMAND INTER-
NETWORKING. YOU MUST FIRST PROGRAM YOUR ROUTER
TO WORK IN THIS ROLE ON YOUR NETWORK.

2Chapter 1 - Introduction
YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY MONITOR PHONE LINE USAGE TO
BE SURE THAT YOUR ROUTER CONFIGURATION IS
ALLOWING THE ROUTER TO DROP THE COMMUNICATIONS
LINK WHEN IT ISN’T NEEDED.
MicroRouter 1250i Installation Overview
This manual will help you install the MicroRouter 1250i to connect a
local Ethernet to one or two remote networks and/or remote PPP client
computers. These connections can be made to other Compatible
Systems routers, routers from other vendors, or PPP compliant dial-in
software packages running on a variety of computers. The wide area
interfaces on the MicroRouter 1250i may be used to interconnect your
network with other corporate networks, and to make your network’s
resources available to dial-in clients.
In short, the installation steps are:
1. Install the MicroRouter hardware and connect the primary WAN
port’s built-in T1 CSU/DSU to a fractional T1 or full T1 line.
2. Select the management method you wish to use with the router. If
you want to use the CompatiView management software, you must
install the software on a Windows PC which is connected to your
network.
3. Configure the MicroRouter LAN and WAN parameters using the
management method you have chosen.
4. Connect the secondary WAN port’s RS-232 to an external line
communication device (including modems, 56K CSU/DSU’s, and
ISDN Terminal Adapters).

Chapter 1 - Introduction 3
The manual is divided into several sections that should provide you
with all the information you will need to use the MicroRouter 1250i on
your network. For the latest documentation on Compatible Systems
products, including the most current version of this manual, visit the
Technical Support section of our Web site at: http://www.compat-
ible.com.
Chapter 2 - Getting Started
This part of the manual describes the contents of the MicroRouter 1250i
package and emphasizes the preparation and equipment you will need
to install the router.
Chapter 3 - Network Installation
Here you will find step-by-step instructions on how to physically install
the MicroRouter 1250i and connect it to your local Ethernet(s) and your
wide area network(s). Instructions are included for twisted-pair
Ethernet environments and fractional or full T1’s, as well as modems,
56K CSU/DSU’s, and ISDN Terminal Adapters.
Chapter 4 - CompatiView Software Installation
This part of the manual describes how to install CompatiView, Compat-
ible Systems’ GUI (Graphical User Interface) management software
whichisincludedwithyourrouter.
Chapter 5 - Command Line Preparation
This part of the manual provides basic instructions on setting up
command line management and text-based configuration.
Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide
This section provides a list of parameters that must be entered into a
router for proper operation.
Appendices
This part of the manual includes additional information that might be of
interest to you such as technical specifications, default settings
(including the default factory password), and instructions for down-
loading current software.

.

Chapter 2 - Getting Started 5
Chapter 2 - Getting Started
AFewNotes
Please Read The Manuals
The manuals included with your MicroRouter 1250i contain very
important information about the MicroRouter 1250i and local and wide
area networking in general. Please read this manual thoroughly, and
refer to the management reference guides as required. It’s worth the
few minutes it will take.
Also, please fill out the warranty registration card and return it to us
today. This will help us keep you informed of updates to the
MicroRouter 1250i and future products available from Compatible
Systems. You can also register on the web at http://www.compat-
ible.com. If you’d like to be notified via e-mail about new products and
receive important news from Compatible Systems, please join our email
list on the web.
Warranty and Service
The MicroRouter 1250i is covered by the Compatible Systems Inte-
grated Support Package, which includes a lifetime comprehensive
warranty, a twenty-four hour advanced replacement program, unlimited
technical support, and software upgrades for the life of the product.
Compatible Systems maintains copies of current software updates on
the Internet. For more information on downloading software, see the
appendices in this manual.
Getting Help With the MicroRouter 1250i
If you have a question about the MicroRouter 1250i and can’t find the
answer in one of the manuals included with the product, please visit the
Technical Support section of our Web site (http://www.compat-
ible.com). This site includes extensive technical resources which may
answer many of your questions. You can also request technical support
by filling out a brief form. Technical support requests received via the
Web form will receive expedited treatment. You may also call Compat-
ible Systems Corporation or send support questions via e-mail to
[e-mail]. Compatible Systems' phone number is listed
on the front of this guide. We will be happy to help you.

6Chapter 2 - Getting Started
What You Will Need To Get Started
Before connecting the MicroRouter 1250i, please check the list below
to make sure that you have received all of the items that are supplied
with the MicroRouter 1250i package.
You should also make sure you have any additional items that are
necessary to connect the router to your network.
Supplied with the MicroRouter 1250i
Please check your shipping package for the following items:
• MicroRouter 1250i unit
• Wall-mount power supply
• One DB-25 male to DB-25 female data and console cable
• CD-ROM including:
" CompatiView software
" Operating software
" HTML versions of product documentation (which can be
viewed with your favorite web browser)
•CompatiView Management Software Reference Guide
•Text-Based Configuration and Command Line Management Refer-
ence Guide
• Warranty Registration card
Needed For Installation
Before connecting the MicroRouter 1250i to your network, you need to
make sure that you have the necessary equipment for connecting to the
local Ethernet(s) and the fractional or full T1 line, and/or a wide area
transmission device (modem, 56K CSU/DSU, ISDN Terminal
Adapter).

Chapter 2 - Getting Started 7
Ethernet Connection Requirements
The MicroRouter 1250i’s Ethernet interface directly supports 10BaseT
twisted-pair Ethernet. Other Ethernet cabling types (such as thin
Ethernet, thick Ethernet, fiber optic cabling or pre-10BaseT
twisted-pair) can be supported using a 10BaseT mini-hub or other
conversion device.
10Base-T Twisted-Pair Ethernet
To connect the router's Ethernet interface to twisted-pair Ethernet
cabling you will need an unshielded twisted-pair station cable that is
connected to a 10BaseT-compatible twisted-pair hub.
v Note: Ethernet cables and cable connectors are not supplied with
the MicroRouter product. Please contact your reseller or your
Compatible Systems representative for information on obtaining the
correct Ethernet cabling supplies.
T1 Line Connection Requirements
The MicroRouter 1250i includes an integrated fractional or full T1
CSU/DSU. To connect this interface to a T1 line, you will need an
RJ-45 jumper cable. A straight-through Category 5 10BaseT jumper
cable will work in this application.
v Note: The MicroRouter 1250i includes loopback features which can
be used to check the functionality of your T1 line. Before attempting to
route network traffic, use these features to check the line’s basic
integrity.
Other Telco Line Connection Requirements
In order to connect to non-T1 wide area transmission lines, you must
connect the router’s secondary wide area port to a modem, 56K
CSU/DSU, or ISDN Terminal Adapter. Which of these devices you use
depends on the type of telco line.
v Note: Before attempting to connect the MicroRouter 1250i’s
secondary port to a leased telco line, use the loopback features of your
external CSU/DSU to check the line. This can save you a considerable
amount of time, since the more equipment you have on the line, the more
difficult it becomes to determine where a problem is occurring.

8Chapter 2 - Getting Started
The MicroRouter 1250i secondary port is an RS-232 sync/async inter-
face. The RS-232 interface is capable of communicating to another
router or a PPP client machine over a modem, 56K CSU/DSU, or ISDN
Terminal Adapter.
RS-232 Interface
The MicroRouter 1250i includes one DB-25 to DB-25 RS-232
sync/async cable. This cable supports RS-232 asynchronous modems,
synchronous leased and switched 56K CSU/DSU’s, and ISDN Terminal
Adapters. It can also be used to connect the router’s auxiliary interface
to a PC running terminal emulation software, or to a dumb terminal.
v Note: Please use only the supplied DB-25 cable when connecting
your line communication device to the MicroRouter 1250i’s RS-232
interface. The cables provided with other equipment will generally not
have the same internal connections.

Chapter 3 - Network Installation 9
Chapter 3 - Network Installation
MicroRouter 1250i Back Panel
This section of the manual describes how to connect the MicroRouter
1250i to your Ethernet network and your wide area communications
device(s). In summary, the steps for installation are:
1. Make sure the router is powered down and not connected to any
power source.
2. Connect the router to the Ethernet network(s).
3. Connect the router to the T1 line.
4. Connect the router’s secondary port to a wide area line communica-
tions device (if used).
5. Power up the line communications device (if used).
v Note: You should either wait to connect a synchronous line device
such as a CSU/DSU until after the interface has been configured as a
synchronous port, or power up the router before powering up the
CSU/DSU. (See Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide for more infor-
mation on configuring the router.)
6. Plug in the power cable and power up the router.
Placing the Router
The MicroRouter 1250i is meant to be left stand-alone on a desktop or
equipment table.
v Note: When stacking other equipment on the MicroRouter 1250i, do
not exceed 25 pounds of evenly distributed weight on top of the router.
Additional weight may bend the case.

10 Chapter 3 - Network Installation
Connecting the Router to the Ethernet
If your twisted-pair hub is already in place, you can connect the router
to an active network without interrupting network activity. The router
must be powered off.
Connecting to Twisted-Pair Ethernet
Before connecting the router to twisted-pair cabling you need an
unshielded twisted-pair cable that is already connected to your
10BaseT-compatible twisted-pair hub.
To connect the router to the twisted-pair network, simply plug the
twisted-pair cable into the RJ-45 Ethernet connector on the back of the
unit.
Connecting the Router to a T1 Line
To connect the router to the T1 line, you need a four wire jumper cable
that is already connected to the RJ-45 jack which was installed by your
telephone company. The router must be powered off. Simply plug the
jumper cable into the RJ-45 WAN 0 connector on the back of the
MicroRouter 1250i.
Connecting a Line Device to the Secondary Port
The MicroRouter 1250i supports lower speed synchronous/asynchro-
nous operation over a secondary RS-232 connector (WAN 1). This port
independently supports the PPP and Frame Relay link protocols.
Connecting Devices to the RS-232C Interface
This interface -- WAN 1 -- can be used to connect to synchronous or
asynchronous line communications devices at rates up to 256Kbps
(sync), or 230.4 Kbps (async). Examples include modems, leased or
switched 56K CSU/DSU’s, and ISDN Terminal Adapters.
L Note: If connecting to a synchronous device such as a CSU/DSU,
the router must first be configured for synchronous operation before
connecting to the device. See Chapter 6 - Basic Configuration Guide
for configuration information.
You may select either dial-on-demand, always up (i.e., redial if down),
or leased line operation. This interface may also be set to receive ISDN
or switched-56 incoming calls.
To connect a device, first make sure that both units are powered off.
Then, simply connect the supplied RS-232 cable between the router and
the device.

Chapter 3 - Network Installation 11
v Note: The MicroRouter 1250i RS-232 interfaces require that your
asynchronous line communications device be set to supply the RS-232
DCD signal when a connection has been made. A synchronous RS-232
device should be set to provide DSR.
v Note: The MicroRouter 1250i includes a special cable to facilitate
connections to RS-232 line communications devices. This cable
includes support for several asynchronous and synchronous control
signals. Off-the-shelf cables generally do not support these signals.
Connecting an Out-of-Band Management Console
If you wish to connect an out-of-band management console, use the
supplied cable and connect to the Console interface on the back of the
MicroRouter 1250i. You can use a dumb terminal or a computer
equipped with VT100 terminal emulation.
The default settings for the Console interface are VT100 terminal
emulation, 9600 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no Flow Control.
Powering Up the Router
Power up any modem, CSU/DSU, or TA before powering up the router.
This allows the router to immediately sense whether its secondary inter-
face is connected. The exception to this rule is when connecting an
RS232 interface to a CSU/DSU. In such a case, you must power up the
router before powering up the CSU/DSU. At power-up, the router will
take approximately one minute to become visible to CompatiView.
v Note: If you want to use Telnet as a management method, you must
first configure an IP address into the router using an out-of-band
console, or reconfigure the IP address on an IP host or workstation on
the same Ethernet segment as the router. See Chapter 5 - Command
Line Management for more information.

.

Chapter 4 - CompatiView Software Installation 13
Chapter 4 - CompatiView
Software Installation
All of the routers in Compatible Systems’ internetworking and VPN
families, including all RISC Router and MicroRouter models, can be
managed from a single GUI management platform called CompatiView.
CompatiView for Windows is included on the CD-ROM which was
shipped with your MicroRouter 1250i.
v Note: An older version of CompatiView for Mac OS was included
on the CD-ROM shipped with your router, but does not contain some of
the features of the newest Windows version.
CompatiView for Windows
CompatiView for Windows allows you to manage the MicroRouter
1250i from an IBM-compatible PC running Windows 95/98 or
Windows NT. The PC can either be configured as an IPX client on a
Novell NetWare internet, or as an IP WinSock client on an IP internet.
System Requirements
In order to successfully run CompatiView for Windows, you need:
• IBM PC or compatible w/486 or later processor
• Microsoft Windows 95/98, or Windows NT installed
• VGA or better monitor
• IP - A WinSock-compatible transport stack
- and/or -
• IPX - A Netware or Microsoft Client installation
v Note: To choose the active transport protocol on a Windows
machine which has both IPX and IP installed, select “Options” from the
Database menu and click the General tab. Then select the appropriate
radio button under “Transport.”
Installation and Operation
The Windows version of the CompatiView program can be found in the
Network Management/CompatiView/Windows directory on the
CD-ROM that was included with your MicroRouter 1250i.

14 Chapter 4 - CompatiView Software Installation
Run the auto-installation program (CV5x file) by double-clicking on it.
The installation program will ask you to select (or create) a directory in
which it should locate CompatiView and its associated files and data-
base subdirectory.
Once the installation is complete, double-click on the CompatiView
icon to open the program. For further information on using Compati-
View, see the CompatiView Management Software Reference Guide
included with your router.
v Note: For an up-to-date description of the changes (if any) made to
Windows system files by the installation program, see the
README.TXT file located in the CompatiView installation directory.
Transport Protocols and CompatiView
CompatiView will be able to use the transport protocol (IP or IPX) you
have selected to access Compatible Systems products anywhere on your
internetwork. Depending on your security setup, you may also be able
to use the IP transport option to manage devices across the Internet.
The IP protocol does not provide a method for CompatiView to auto-
matically discover the router. To initially contact the router over IP
using CompatiView, you must first enter a valid IP address into the
router. You can do this either on a console directly connected to the
router or by setting a workstation’s IP address to 198.41.12.2 with a
Class C subnet mask (255.255.255.0) so that it can communicate over
Ethernet with 198.41.12.1 (the shipping default of Ethernet 0). After
setting the router’s IP address, be sure to change the workstation’s
configuration back to its original settings.
The IPX protocol does allow CompatiView to automatically discover
the router. Compatible Systems devices are configured to autoseed the
two most common IPX frame types upon startup (802.2 and 802.3
(raw)). If CompatiView has the IPX/SPX protocol selected as its trans-
port, it will be necessary to either power up the router before powering
up the workstation, or reboot the workstation after the router has
completed its boot sequence. This process will ensure that the worksta-
tion and the router have the proper IPX network bindings for communi-
cation.