Cyndar Electronic Technology XD-TOF-25 User manual

XD-TOF-25Lidar sensor operating instructions
·Product specification description
·Product operating instructions
·Product communication methods and protocols
Single-line Lidar Product Manual Series

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Table of Contents
1 ............................................... 2
2...................................... 3
2.1 .............................. 3
2.2 ................................ 5
2.3 ................. 7
2.4 ................................ 9
2.5 .................................... 9
3 ................................ 11
4...................................... 13
4.1 .................................. 13
4.2 ................... 14
4.3 ................................ 39
4.4 ................................... 33
About
Product description
Equipment Specifications
Working principle
Influence of object surface on measurement
Ranging error ....
Area alarm ....
Equipment appearance
Device connection
Main interface
Device connection and communication
Operation routine
Client application
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..
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1
Follow all specified safety instructions and guidelines.
When using, please observe the local work safety regulations and general

Device profile.

This operating instruction provides important information about how to use lidar.
First, to ensure the safe operation of lidar, the following conditions must be met:
About
safety regulations.
Before starting any operation on the device, please read these instructions
carefully to familiarize yourself with the lidar sensors and their functions.
These operating instructions are intended to solve the technical personnel's guid-
ance on mechanical installation, electrical installation, commissioning, configura-
tion and maintenance, and are suitable for XD-TOF-25 lidar sensors.
This operating instruction contains the following information about XD-TOF-25:
product description. First, the basic parameters of XD-TOF-25 are provided, the
working principle of the device is given, and the requirements for the space
environment under different maximum ranging capabilities are proposed.
device installation. The main interfaces of the device and their respective
functions are listed in detail; a general operation specification for outputting
target distance information within the detection range and the communica-
tion protocol of XD-TOF-25 are proposed: the network port is connected to the
"TCP/IP" protocol The terminal outputs the distance information of the target
object in the scanning area. The user can convert the target distance informa-
tion into more intuitive information according to actual needs.

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2
2.1
0.05-25m
905nm
I
≤66ms
0.33°
1.0mm
Ethernet
-10°~50°
DC
9-30V
< 3W
≤8W
10
Interface I
Interface II
※
XD-TOF-25
Product description
Equipment Specifications
Table 2-1 XD-TOF-25 equipment specification list
Parameter
Detection distance
Light source wavelength
Laser class
Minimum response time
Angular resolution
Output resolution
Interface
Operating temperature
Radar module
Voltage
Power consumption
(Heating module is off)
Heating module function
Programmable alert area
Support zone shape Convex polygon
Table 2-2 XD-TOF-25 device interface
Ethernet port
Power input/Digital
I/O/RS232
M8 connector D-code 4 holes
M8 connector type A code 5 holes
In the test version prototype, the RS232 interface is not yet open. This feature is
expected to be fully opened in the next version of the product

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IP67
1 GB 7247.1-2012
GBT_17626.6-2008
GBT_17626.6-2008
GBT_17626.8-2006
40%、70%、80%、120% GBT_17626.29-2006
GBT_17626.2-2006
GBT_17626.4-2008
GBT_17626.5-2008
GB_9254-2008
GB_17626.3-2006
GBT_2423.10-2008
GBT_2423.5-1995
IP67 GB4208-2008
GB 4793.1-2007
500VAC GB 4793.1-2007
Table 2-3 Environmental adaptability parameters
Chassis protection level
Laser radiation safety level
Conduction CE
Conduction CS
Power frequency magnetic field
Voltage drop
Electrostatic discharge
Electrical fast-shift pulse train
Surge
Radiation RE
Radiation RS
Vibration
Shock
Enclosure rating
Electrical insulation
Dielectric strength
Level
A grade industrial grade
Level 3 10V/M
Level 5 100A/M
Level 2 4KV
Level 4 4KV
Level 2 1000V
A grade industrial grade
Level 3 10V/M
10-55Hz, 1.5mm double
amplitude, 2h each in X,
Y, and Z axes
150m/s² for 11ms
100VAC, not less than 1MΩ

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2.2
0
10
20
30
-10
-20
-30
270°
Schematic diagram of the range measurement principle of the lidar sensor
XD-TOF-25
XD-TOF-25
Working principle
XD-TOF-25 is a scanning photoelectric lidar sensor. The emitted laser beam is reflected and
deflected by a mirror fixed on a rotating motor and scans the surrounding environment at a
fixed frequency. As shown in Figure 2-1, XD-TOF-25 has a two-dimensional sector area with
a scanning range of 270°. The maximum scanning distance is determined by the specific
model of the product. In each specific direction, XD-TOF-25 calculates the distance between
the obstacle and the radar at this angle by emitting a laser pulse with a short pulse width
outward and thinking the time between the pulse and the radar traveling to the obstacle. The
principle is shown in Figure 2-2.
Picture 2-1 Scanning area of lidar sensor
Fire pulse
Reflected pulse
Obstacle
Figure 2-2
The XD-TOF-25 lidar sensor emits laser pulses through a laser diode, and after related processing, it becomes a
Gaussian distributed circular spot and emits at a certain divergence angle. The beam exit diameter is 8mm. As the
detection distance increases, Figure 2-3 visually shows the beam divergence process, and Figure 2-4 shows the curve
of the spot size at different distances.
Figure 2-3 Laser pulses gradually diverge

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D = 3mm + 0.010rad × U(mm)
0 10
515 2520
100
200
300
400
Beam Size(mm)
Distance(m)
Laser beam diameter at different detection distances
The relationship between the spot diameter D and the detection distance U is:
Figure 2-4
As shown in Figure 2-6, when the object to be measured at a specific distance is larger than the spot size of the
laser, the object to be tested can be stably detected. When the object under test is smaller than the laser spot size
at this distance, the smaller the area of the object under test that occupies the area of the laser spot, the easier the
object will be missed. Whether it is missed or not depends on the ratio of the measured object to the spot size,
the tilt angle of the object itself, the reflectivity of the object itself, etc. We will give the reflectivity requirements
for stable detection of objects in Figure 2-8. You can calculate the equivalent reflection according to Figure 2-6
and Equation 2-1 based on the object's inclination, the area of the object and the actual reflectivity of the object
The rate is compared with the curve shown in Figure 2-8.
Object projection area
Spot diameter
Laser exit direction
Object normal
Figure 2-5 Calculation of equivalent reflectance
Equivalent reflectance calculation: where η is the equivalent reflectivity of the object, is the
projection of the object in the radar exit direction, is the spot size, θ is the angle between the
surface normal of the object and the radar exit direction, and η is the reflection of the object itself
rate,
e
o
beam
o
S
S

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= cos
o
oe
beam
S
S
-------------------------（2-1）
2.3
×θ×
ηη
Determined by the optical properties of the material
Object to be measured
Laser spot Laser spot
Object to be measured
Stable detection of objects Difficult to detect objects
Figure 2-6 Objects that are easily detected and objects that are not easily detected
With the increase of the laser transmission distance, the farther the distance between adjacent scanning mea-
surement points, in order to ensure that the scanning area does not break, a sufficient number of laser pulses
are needed to ensure angular resolution. The existing angular resolution of XD-TOF-25 is 0.33°. There are
811 laser pulses for each pair of two-dimensional plane scans. As shown in Figure 2-7
Figure 2-7
Influence of object surface on measurement
When the laser is incident on most surfaces, the radar will receive the echo signal in the form of diffuse
reflection in all directions. The stronger the reflection capability, the easier the radar will receive the echo
signal. The reflection characteristics of the laser will change with the surface material, structure and color.
Surfaces with high reflectivity (white, reflected light) can be detected better than surfaces with low reflectivity
(black, absorbed light).

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0 10
515 2520
Distance(m)
10
15
20
25
30
35
5
Target Remissiom(%)
Scanning Range
Shows the reflectance characteristics of some common materials for your reference:
3%
4%
14%
20%
55%
68%
75%
87%
90%
130%
150%
200%
According to the definition of the standard reflectivity board in the national standard, we select objects with a
reflectivity of 3%-1000% (specular reflector) to calibrate the radar test capability. As the detection distance
increases, the minimum reflectivity of the detectable object surface changes. The minimum detectable reflec-
tance curve of XD-TOF-25 series products is shown in Figure 2-8: the vertical axis of the curve is the mini-
mum detectable reflection Rate (equivalent reflectance), the abscissa is the corresponding distance.
Table-2-2
Table 2-2
Figure 2-8
Material name
Black cloth
Black rubber
Opaque black plastic
Clean rough board
Newspaper
Cardboard box
Human palm
Opaque white plastic
White drawing paper
Unpolished white metal surface
Glossy light metal surface
Matte surface stainless steel
Common material reflectivity
Reflectivity

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2.4
0.05-10m 10-15m 15-25m
20mm 20mm 35mm
15mm 20mm 30mm
Ranging error within different detection distances
1mm 1h
2mm 2h
3mm 3h No echo can be detected in this observation direction, and there is no
object that can be identified within the range.
4-50mm 4h-32h
50mm-500mm 32h—1F4h
500mm-
25000mm
1F4h—61A8
Ranging and scanning performance
In this section, we will introduce the working mode, scanning mode and ranging performance of
XD-TOF-25 series in detail.
Within the measuring range, XD-TOF-25 can accurately measure the distance between the
object within the maximum range and the specified zero point. The measurement value
includes ranging error; in the process of continuous use, the measurement error at the same
detection distance presents a normal distribution. The following table gives the measurement
error of the statistical result at different detection distances and its standard deviation (specific
error And measurement).
Table 2-3 Ranging error within different detection distances
Ranging range
Ranging error
Standard deviation
of error distribution
The output range of XD-TOF-25 is 50mm-25000mm (the actual output is hexadecimal ASCII code,
1mm corresponds to 1h, ASCII code 30 30 30 31, 25000mm corresponds to 61A8h, ASCII code is 36
32 40 38, the specific format and details please (Refer to the section on data communication in
Section 4 Device Connection). For the ranging interval of 1-25000mm, our class has the following
division:
Table 2-4
Radar output Hex Significance
There are objects with too low reflectivity in this direction, the system cannot accurately identify
There are objects with too high reflectivity in this direction, the system cannot accurately identify
The diameter of the radar optics indicates that there is an object in the
observation direction, but the radar cannot clearly measure the
distance. Appeared in extremely special occasions, this option is to
avoid some physical conditions that we cannot understand that cause
the radar to fail to give accurate range values.
There is a certain fluctuating distance, with a maximum test relative
error of 5%. (Refer to test report)
Stable ranging distance, for normal reflectivity objects no more than
3cm ranging error