Explore Science 88-90153 User manual

SCIENCE
8+
88-90153
50
ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTS SET
INSTRUCTIONS

SCIENCE
50
ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTS SET
P.1
We take pleasure to welcome you to try out this ready-to-use electronic circuit kit suitable for children of 8 years old and up.“You’ll be
amazed”to nd what you can learn as the experiment is a realistic concept of electronics and electricity. It will denitely enable you to
learn about the necessary electronic components, circuits, and theories as well as the basic electronics principles – electricity, voltage,
current, resistance, magnetism, other electrical circuit and theory.
It is alright if you have no knowledge about electronics and do not fully understand how all the experiments work. Once you get
started you will be able to build your understanding through experimenting and maybe trying out some interesting experiments on
your own.
This electronic circuit kit contains more than 50 experiments, and it is smartly designed that the main circuit board unit has all the
relevant electronic components included. All you have to do is simply connect the wires according to the wiring sequence of each
experiment and follow the steps one by one. Once connected the circuit will activate and function.
Have a great electrifying experience !!!
WARNING : Only for use by children aged 8 years and older. May over heat.
BASIC CONCEPTS
How to read a circuit diagram?
+
-
M
+
-
M
The battery is a source of electricity. It contains chemicals which will under-
go chemical reaction to produce electricity when a circuit is connected.
The wire is a conductor that conducts electricity. Connecting a wire is like
providing a path that allows electricity to ow though.
The motor is a device that produces rotary motion when electricity is
provided.
As an analogy, the battery is like a pump that pumps water through the
piles (wires). When a circuit is connected, electricity can ow through it. The
electricity owing is called a current. A current is the ow of electric
charges. The amount of a current is the amount of electric charge owing in
the wire in a second.
Another common term we often heard about electricity is the voltage.
Voltage is referring to the electric energy per unit charge. It is the electric
energy of each unit amount of electric charge carries.
A motor
The motor is OFF now
Switch OFF by disconnecting Switch ON by connecting
The motor is ON now
A battery
Open circuit and close circuit
This is an open circuit. The wires are not connected and
electricity cannot ow through the circuit.
When it is connected, then it is completed and is called a
closed circuit. Electricity can ow through it.
+
-
M+
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M
A switch is a simple mechanism that makes the circuit open or close.
A wire
A wire

P.2
A wire is like a path that allows electric current to ow through. It has very low
resistance which is close to zero.
Press it to make the metal plates come into contact. And then current can transfer
through them and thus the path is connected.
Resistor is a unit that process resistance. It is like an obstacle that reduces the ow
of current in a circuit.
Light Emitting Diode. It is like a diode that allows current to ows in one direction
only. Additionally it will emit light when current passes through it.
A device that can produce simple sound.
A device that converts sound to electrical signal.
A device that converts electrical signal to sound.
A device that produce rotational motion when electricity is applied.
This is a magnetic switch which contains metal reeds inside. When a magnet is close
to it, the attractive force will cause the reeds to come together. Thus they will be in
contact and the path is connected.
There are dierent types of light sensor. The one used here is a phototransistor.
When light falls on it, it is like a switch connected and so current is allowed to pass
through it.
It is a plate with two parts of conducting surfaces. The two surfaces are not connected but with a
little gap between them. Electricity cannot ow through because of the little gap.When touched by
a nger, or dripped with a water droplet, then the little gap is lled and electricity can ow through
it (though the resistance is quite large because the resistance of water is quite large)
The transistor is a device made of semiconductor material that has three terminals.
It can act as a switch or signal amplier.
The transistor is the key active component in practically all modern electronics.
Besides being an individual component, they can be found integrated in logic
gates, IC and Center Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer. CPUs nowadays contain
billions of transistors integrated inside!
Allows current to ows in one direction only. Current in the reverse direction cannot pass
through it. The symbol is like the direction of an arrow that indicates the direction of the
current allowed.
The main switch.
Each symbol represents a battery.
BASIC CIRCUIT SYMBOLS
Component
Wire
Battery
On/o switch
Reed switch
Resistor
Diode
LED
Motor
Touch plate
Light Sensor
Buzzer
Microphone
Speaker
Transistor (PNP)
Transistor (NPN)
Push switch
Circuit symbol Explanation
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M

P.3
11 11
Memo pad
COMPONENTS IN THIS KIT
Circuit Board Unit
Magnetic pole
Connecting wire
Instruction Manual
Memo holder base
Memo holder board
Alarm base
Axis
LED Light
1pc1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1pc
10cm x 8pcs, 20cm x 5pcs,
30cm x 5pcs
1pc
1pc
1pc
1pc
1pc
1pc
Description Quantity
Alarm body (halved)
Red & Blue cover
Gear
Alarm base cover
Transparent cover
Sticker
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Spring
Connecting joint
5pcs(1spare)
2pcs
2pcs
1pc
1pc
Motor with a worm 1pc
1pc
1pc
2pcs
Description Quantity
Assembling
Spinning LED light
17
17
02
01 03 04 06
07 08 09 10
8
10
9
7
12
13
15
14 16
16
05

P.4
1 2
3 4 5 6
1 2
3 4 5 6
SCR
SCR
19
20 21
G
K A
Gate
Cathode Anode
PNP
PNP
22
23 24
NPN
NPN
25
26 27
LARGE
LED
LARGE
LED
7 8
910
11 12
13
14
44
46
45
47
48 49
50
52
51
53
LED
LED
LED
LED
DIODE
DIODE
TOUCH PLATE
TOUCH PLATE
TOUCH PLATE
MAIN SWITCH
MAIN SWITCH
MAIN SWITCH
REED SWITCH
REED SWITCH
REED SWITCH
PUSH SWITCH
PUSH SWITCH
PUSH SWITCH
28 29
32
30 31
33 34
TRANSISTORS
TRANSISTORS
B
E C
B
E C
Base
Emitter Collector
Base
Emitter Collector
RESISTORS
RESISTORS
100Ω100Ω
10KΩ10KΩ
100KΩ100KΩ
18
17
15 16
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
SEGMENT
DISPLAY
SEGMENT
DISPLAY
ANIMAL
SOUND
ANIMAL
SOUND
35
36
37
38 39
40 41
42 43
LIGHT
SENSOR
LIGHT
SENSOR
LIGHT
SENSOR
1 2
3 4 5 6
1 2
3 4 5 6
SCR
SCR
19
20 21
G
K A
Gate
Cathode Anode
PNP
PNP
22
23 24
NPN
NPN
25
26 27
7 8
910
11 12
13
14
44
46
48
50
52
TOUCH PLATE
TOUCH PLATE
TOUCH PLATE
MAIN SWITCH
MAIN SWITCH
MAIN SWITCH
REED SWITCH
REED SWITCH
REED SWITCH
PUSH SWITCH
PUSH SWITCH
PUSH SWITCH
28 29
32
30 31
33 34
TRANSISTORS
TRANSISTORS
B
E C
B
E C
Base
Emitter Collector
Base
Emitter Collector
RESISTORS
RESISTORS
100Ω100Ω
10KΩ10KΩ
100KΩ100K Ω
1817
15 16
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
SEGMENT
DI SPL AY
SEGMENT
DI SPL AY
ANIMAL
SOUND
ANIMAL
SOUND
35
36
37
38 39
40 41
42 43
LIGHT
SENSOR
LIGHT
SENSOR
LIGHT
SENSOR

P.5
50+ EXPERIMENTS
1. Simple LED circuit
2. Spinning LED light
3. Function of the reed switch
4. Demonstration of resistance and current
5. Resistors in series connection
6. Resistors in parallel connection
7. Function of the touch plate
8. A simple demonstration of a function of the PNP transistor
9. A simple demonstration of a function of the NPN transistor
10. Two LEDs in parallel connection
11. Three LEDs in parallel connection
12. LED and spinning LED with a single switch
13. LED and spinning LED with separate switches
14. Basic circuit operation of LED
15. Spinning LED light in advance circuit operation of LEDs
16. LEDs combination
17. Function of a diode
18. A simple demonstration of the light sensor
19. A practical example: Light triggered LED
20. A practical example: Darkness triggered LED
21. Demonstration of a simple function of SCR
22. A practical example of SCR
23. Digital segment LED displaying“1”
24. Digital segment LED displaying“2”
25. Digital segment LED displaying“8”
26. Digital segment LED displaying“F.”
27. Digital segment LED switching between“1” and “8”
28. Digital segment LED switching between “I”, “L” , “F” and “E”
29. Light control seven-segment LED display – C (Dark Type)
30. Light control seven-segment LED display – E (Light Type)
31. Flashing LEDs
32. Dog barking sound with ashing LED
33. Dog barking sound and ashing digit “1”
34. Rooster crowing sound and ashing digit“2”
35. Cat meowing sound and ashing digit“3”
36. Horse neighing sound and ashing digit “4”
37. Bird chirping sound and ashing digit“5”
38. Duck quacking sound and ashing digit “6”
39. Sheep baaing sound and ashing digit “7”
40. Cuckoo calling sound and ashing digit“8”
41. Frog croaking sound and ashing digit “9”
42. Manual control horse neighing sound with push switch control ashing
digit “0”
43. Magnet control sheep baaing sound with ashing LED
44. Touch control rooster crowing sound with ashing LED
45. Light control cat meowing sound with ashing LED
46. Darkness activated dog barking sound
47. Security alarm based on wiring disconnection
48. Water level LED alarm
49. Light intensity indicator
50. Darkness activated spinning LED light
51. Light control spinning LED light
Adult supervision and assistance is required.
This unit is only for use by children aged 8 years and older.
Not suitable for children under age 3 years old due to small part(s) and
component(s) – CHOKING HAZARD.
Read and follow all instructions in the manual before use.
This toy contains small parts and functional sharp points on components. Keep away
from children under age 3 years.
2 x AA size batteries are required (not included)
Please retain the information and this manual for future reference.
Instructions for parents are included and have to be observed.
WARNING! Not intended for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small
magnet(s). Swallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious
injuries and death. Seek immediate medical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed or
inhaled.
This toy contains functional sharp points on component leads and wires, requiring
care when handling.
Warning. Do not use close to the ear! Misuse may cause damage to hearing.
WARNING
Before setting up any experiment, please double check and make sure all
wiring connections you have made are correct before inserting the batteries
and switching on the unit, as failure may result in damage to components or
circuit board unit.
When experiment is nished, make sure the batteries are disconnected and
switch o the unit before you clear away the wires.
Do not apply any components or parts to the experiment other than those
provided with this kit.
If this product malfunctions or "locks up", try switching o and back on
again or removing and re-inserting batteries.
Do not lock the motor or other moving parts. Otherwise it may cause
overheating.
The toy is not to be connected to more than recommended number of power
supplies.
CAUTION !
Ensure all wires are correctly connected to the numbered spring terminals of the
main circuit board unit as stated wiring sequence of each experiment
Bend the spring terminal over and insert the exposed shiny conductor part of
wire into spring terminal. Make sure the wire is securely connected to spring
terminal.
For example if the wiring sequence is 4-33, 1-10-32-35, 2-12, then rst connect a
wire between spring terminal 4 and 33; next connect a wire between spring
terminal 1 and 10, and then a wire between spring terminal 10 and 32, a wire
between spring terminal 32 and 35, and nally connect a wire between spring
terminal 2 and 12. This is an example to demonstrate wiring connections only,
not an exact circuit connection in the experiment.
If the circuit does not work, check the wire and spring terminal connection to
see whether it is probably not well connected or the insulated plastic part of a
wire is inserted to spring terminal.
Use 2 x AA size batteries (not included)
For best performance, always use fresh batteries and remove batteries when not
in use
Batteries must be inserted with the correct polarity
Non-rechargeable batteries are not to be recharged
Re-chargeable batteries are only to be charged under adult supervision
Re-chargeable batteries are to be removed from the toy before being charged
Dierent types of batteries or new and used batteries are not to be mixed.
Exhausted batteries are to be removed from the toy
The supply terminals are not to be short-circuited
Only batteries of the same or equivalent types are to be used
Do not dispose of the batteries in re
Do not mix old and new batteries
Do not mix alkaline, carbon zinc and re-chargeable batteries
The overall aim for this electronic circuit kit is for you to get a better understanding of how connecting dierent wiring sequence will make dierent science
experiments. Each experiment is targeted at dierent basic concept of electronics & electricity. Please make sure to read carefully and all wires are correctly
connected in the indicated diagram in order to have each experiment work.
BATTERY INFORMATION
Objective :
WIRING SEQUENCE AND CONNECTION

P.6
1
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By switching
ON, the LED will light up. By switching OFF, the LED will extinguish. You can
change to use another LED yourself.
Simply look at the circuit diagram,
and connect to another LED in the
same way. Just don’t mix up the +ve
and –ve pole. Otherwise the LED will
not light up.
•
Complete all wiring connections as
indicated in the sequence. Switch on
the main switch. Access the reed
switch with the magnetic pole. The
LED will light up as the circuit is
connected. Move away the magnetic
pole, and the circuit will be
disconnected, and the LED will be o.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. The LED will light up dimly. Switch o the main switch to turn it
o. Now press the push switch. The LED will light up more brightly. This is
because the path of the main switch
has a resistor of larger resistance. So
the current through this path will be
less, and as a result the LED will be less
bright. On the other hand, the path of
the push switch has a resistor of
smaller resistance. So the current
through this path will be more, and the
LED will be brighter.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. The electric current from the batteries will have to pass through 3
resistors, and therefore the LED will light up very dimly, or apparently not light
up at all. Press the push switch. This time, the current will have to pass through
2 resistors only, so the LED will light up brighter than before. Access the reed
switch with the magnetic pole. This time, the current will have to pass through
1 resistor only, so the LED will light up even more brightly. As an analogy, a
resistor is like an obstacle. The fewer obstacles are there in the circuit, the more
current can ow through.
•
Complete all wiring connections
as indicated in the sequence.
Switch on the main switch. The
spinning LED will light up and
spin!
•
Simple LED circuit
Wiring Sequence
4-51, 50-17, 18-3 4-2, 1-17, 18-3
2
EXPERIMENT
Spinning LED light
Wiring Sequence
3
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-51, 50-16, 15-17, 18-3
4-52-17, 18-9, 7-53, 10-8-49, 48-3
4
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
Function of the reed switch
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Dampen
you nger with water and touch the touch plate. The LED will light up very dimly. This indicates
water has a large resistance and so only a small amount of electric current is able to pass through.
If you put a drop of salt water onto the touch plate, the LED will light up more brightly! This is
because salt water is a better conductor than plain water, and thus more current can pass through.
•
7
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-49, 48-29, 28-17, 18-3
Function of the touch plate
Demonstration of resistance and current
5
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-12-16-53, 52-11-10, 9-15-8, 7-18, 17-49, 48-3
Resistors in series connection
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. The electric current from the batteries will pass through the 100K
Ω resistor to light up the LED. The LED will light up very dimly, or apparently not
light up at all. Press the push switch. Now one more path is available. Though
there is a 10KΩ resistor in this path,
this is still an extra path for the
current to ow through. Therefore
more current will ow through the
LED and make it light up more
brightly! Do not release the push
switch. Access the reed switch with
the magnetic pole. Now one more
extra path is also available! There
are total 3 paths for the current to
ow through now and so the LED
will light up brightly! Though this
time there are also 3 resistors in the
circuit, the LED lights up brightly.
The resistors are in parallel
connection so this causes a dierent
result.
•
6
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-17, 18-11-52, 53-9-15, 16-7,
8-10-12-49, 48-3
Resistors in parallel connection
28
29 4
3
17 18
48 49
4
18
3
17
50 51
17 18 3 4
12
M
-
+
50 51
4
3
17
16
15
18
100Ω
10kΩ
43
78
49 48
10 918 17
5253
100kΩ10kΩ100Ω
34
1112 7
17
18
8
910
49
48
16 15
5253
100kΩ
10kΩ
100Ω
34
1211
78
49
48
10
9
17
18
52
53
15
16

P.7
Wiring Sequence
4-23, 24-49, 22-29, 28-48-17, 18-3
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. Dampen you nger with water and touch the touch plate.
Through only very little amount of electric current ows through the touch
plate (as shown in the last experiment), the LED is switched on brightly! It is
because in this circuit, the PNP transistor is the real gateway to the LED, and the
touch plate is only acting as a switch for opening the gateway! When the upper
part of the circuit is not connected, no current is owing through the“Emitter”
to the “Base” of the transistor. So the gateway of the “Emitter” to the “Collector”
is shut. When you touch the touch plate, the upper circuit is connected; a very
small amount of current
passes through the “Emitter”
to the “Base”, and then the
gateway of the“Emitter” to the
“Collector” is opened! Electric
current from the battery can
then ow through the transis-
tor to the LED, and therefore
the LED will light up brightly!
•
8
EXPERIMENT
A simple demonstration of a function of the PNP transistor
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch
on the main switch. Touch the touch plate. Through only very little
amount of electric current ows through the touch plate (as shown in
the last experiment), the LED is switched on brightly! This is pretty
much the same as the case of the PNP transistor. It is just the polarities
of the transistor that are reversed.
•
9
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-49-29, 28-25, 27-48, 26-17, 18-3
A simple demonstration of the function of the NPN transistor
10
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections
as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, both LEDs will
light up. By switching OFF, both
LEDs will extinguish.
•
Complete all wiring connections as
indicated in the sequence. Switch on
the main switch. The LED will light up
and the spinning LED light will be on.
When you switch o the main switch,
both devices will be o at the same
time.
•
Complete all wiring connections
as indicated in the sequence. If
you switch on the main switch,
the spinning LED light will be on.
If you press the push switch, the
LED will light up. They are
controlled by separate switches
so you can turn them on and o
individually.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on
the main switch. You will see that the small LED will light up but the large
LED will not. When you press the push switch, you will see the large LED will
light up but the small LED will be turned o.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, three LEDs will light up. By switching OFF, All three LEDs
will extinguish.
•
Two LEDs in parallel connection
Wiring Sequence
4-49-51, 50-48-17, 18-3
4-47-49-51, 50-48-46-17, 18-3
11
EXPERIMENT
Three LEDs in parallel connection
Wiring Sequence
12
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-2-47, 46-1-17, 18-3
4-17, 18-49-53, 52-48-51-8, 7-50-3
4-18-53, 17-2, 52-47, 46-1-3
13
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
LED and spinning LED with a single switch LED and spinning LED with separate switches
14
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
28 29
23 24
22
43
17 18
48 49
27
25
26
28 29
43
17 18
48 49
4
3
17 18
50
51
48
49 4
3
17 18
48
49
50
51
46
47
Basic circuit operation of LED
4
3
17
18
52
53
48
8
49
7
51 50
100Ω
17 18
46 47 52 53
3 4
1 2
M
-
+
17 18
46 47
3 4
12
M
-
+

P.8
15
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections as
indicated in the sequence. Switch on
the main switch. You will see that the
blue LED will light up but the other
LEDs will not light up. When you
access the reed switch with the
magnetic pole, the blue LED will be o
and now only the yellow LED will light
up. Press the push switch. This time
only the spinning LED will be on!
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. The motor will spin. If you reverse the connection polarity of the
diode by changing the wiring connection a bit, 17 connect to 44 and 2 connect
to 45, then this time you will nd that the circuit does not work. This is because
the diode does not allow current to follow through it in a reverse direction.
Therefore the circuit does not work this time.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. You may notice that the LED lights up very dimly. This indicates
only a very small amount of current is owing through it. It depends on the
intensity of light falling onto the light sensor. If you perform this experiment in
a darker place, the LED may not light up at all. If you use a torch to shine on the
light sensor, you can see that the LED light up brightly. This is because when
there is more light, more current will be able to pass through the light sensor
and light up the LED.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. This time, even with a small amount of light, the LED will light up
brightly! It is because in this circuit, the PNP transistor is the real gateway to the
LED, and the light sensor is only acting as a switch for opening the gateway!
When the upper part of the circuit is not connected, no current is owing
through the “Emitter” to the “Base” of the transistor. So the gateway of the
“Emitter” to the “Collector” is shut. When light falls on the light sensor, the
upper circuit is connected; a very small amount of current passes through the
“Emitter” to the “Base”, and then the gateway of the “Emitter” to the “Collector”
is opened! Electric current from the battery can then ow through the
transistor to the LED, and
therefore the LED will light up
brightly! This circuit makes the
light sensor to become a
sensitive switch to detect light.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. Pressing the push switch, or accessing the reed switch with the
magnetic pole, or doing both at the same time will lead to dierent LED
performances!
•
Spinning LED light in advance circuit operation of LEDs
Wiring Sequence
4-17, 18-49-53-16, 15-48-51-8, 7-50-52-2, 1-3 4-52-51, 50-16-48, 49-53-47, 46-15-17, 18-3
16
EXPERIMENT
LEDs Combination
Wiring Sequence
17
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-18, 17-45, 44-2, 1-3
4-14, 13-49, 48-17, 18-3
18
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
Function of a diode
A simple demonstration of the light sensor
19
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-23, 22-14, 24-49, 48-13-17, 18-3
A practical example: Light triggered LED
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on
the main switch. If you are in a room with bright light, then the LED will not
be on. When you cover the light sensor, the LED will light up. This means
the LED is switch on by darkness instead of light!.
•
20
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-14-23, 22-13-12, 24-49, 48-11-17, 18-3
A practical example: Darkness triggered LED
4
3
100Ω
8
7
51
50
49
48
16
15
1
2
M
-
+
53
52
18
17
4318 17
47 46
49 48
51
53
52
50 1516
21
4
18 17 45 44
3
M
-
+
4
18 17 45
44
31 2
M
-
+
41718
48
49
13
14
3
4 3 1718
48
49
1314
24 23
22
4 3 1718
48
49
100KΩ
12 11
13
14
24 23
22

P.9
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. Nothing happens. When there is a drop of water on the touch
plate, the LED will light up. Even the touch plate is dried after that, the LED will
still continue to glow, as the gate of the SCR has been opened. Base on this
principle, you can set up a monitor to indicate that if the tide has ever reached
a certain height, or if there is any
rain during the period that you are
out of home for a trip, or if
something has ever got wet.…..
etc.
•
22
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
21-50, 51-4-29, 28-19, 20-17, 18-3
A practical example of SCR
Complete all wiring connections as
indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the digital segment
LED will display “1”.
•
23
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-17, 18-7, 8-36, 3-39-43
Digital segment LED displaying “1”
Complete all wiring connections as
indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the digital segment
LED will display “2”.
•
24
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-17, 18-7, 8-36, 3-37-38-39-40-42
Digital segment LED displaying “2”
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. Nothing happens. And then press the push switch without
releasing it. The upper part of the circuit is connected and thus current can ow
though the gate (G) and cathode (K) of the SCR as it is a complete circuit. This is
like opening the gate of the SCR. And the main current can ow through the
anode(A) and the cathode(K), which lights up the LED. Release the push switch.
The LED will still continue to
glow! This is because the “gate”
is already opened by the initial
current from the upper circuit
and therefore the main current
will continue to ow through
the SCR. Therefore if you want
to switch o the LED, you will
have to switch o the main
switch.
•
21
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
21-50, 51-4-10, 9-53, 52-19, 20-17, 18-3
Demonstration of a simple function of SCR
28 29
43
17 18
50 51
20 21
19
25
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections as
indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the digital segment
LED will display “8”.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch
on the main switch. The digital segment LED will display“1”. By pressing
the push switch, the digital segment LED will display “8”.
•
Complete all wiring connections as
indicated in the sequence. By switching
ON, the digital segment LED will display
“ F.”.
•
Digital segment LED displaying “8”
Wiring Sequence
4-17, 18-7, 8-36, 3-35-37-38-39-40-42-43 4-17, 18-7, 8-36, 3-35-37-38-40-41
26
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
27
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
4-17, 18-7, 8-36, 3-39-43-52, 53-35-37-38-40-42
Digital segment LED switching between “1” and “8”
Digital segment LED displaying “F.”
8 7
18
17
3
4
100Ω
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
40 42 43 41 39
37 36 35 38
8 7
18
17
3
4
100Ω
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
43
39 36
8 7
18
17
3
4
100Ω
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
40 42
39 37 36 38
8 7
18
17
3
4
100Ω
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
40 42 43 41 39
37 36 35 38
42
39 37 36 35 38
8 7
18
17
3
4
100Ω
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
40 43 41
52
53
52 53
43
17 18
50 51
9 10
20 21
19
10kΩ

P.10
Complete all wiring connections as
indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. The digital segment LED
will display “I”. If you access the reed
switch with the magnetic pole, the
digital segment LED will display “L”; or if
you press the push switch, the digital
segment LED will display “F”. And if you
activate both switches at the same time,
it will display “E”.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. If there is enough light in the room, then only the power indicator
on display lights up. Cover the light sensor and the display will show letter C. If
you uncover the light
sensor, the letter C will
disappear.
•
4-17, 18-7, 8-36, 35-40-15-3-52, 53-37-38,
42-16
28
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
Digital segment LED switching among “I”, “L” , “F” and “E”
29
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 11-25-14, 4-36-12, 13-17-26-8, 7-41,
27-35-37-40-42
Light control seven-segment LED display – C (Dark Type)
30
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. Then power indicator will light up and letter E will show on
display. When you cover
the light sensor, only the
power indicator will light
up on display. If you
uncover the light sensor,
then letter E will light up
again.
•
Light control seven-segment LED display – E (Light Type)
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 41-7, 17-26-12-8, 11-13-25, 4-36-14,
27-35-38-37-40-42
18
17
3
4
8 7
100Ω
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
40 42 43 43 41 39
37 36 35 38
53
52
16
15
Complete all wiring connections
as indicated in the sequence.
Switch on the main switch. The
speaker will produce dog barking
sound and the LED will ash to
the rhythm of it.
•
Complete all wiring connections
as indicated in the sequence.
Switch on the main switch. Then
the LEDs will ash.
•
3-18, 8-4-51-49-33-34, 50-23, 7-22-30-48, 17-24-31
31
EXPERIMENT
Flashing LEDs
Wiring Sequence
32
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-6-8-32-33-49, 5-23, 7-22-30-48,
17-24-31
Dog barking sound with flashing LED
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By switching
ON, the speaker will produce dog barking sound. The display screen will also
display digit“1”and ash
to the rhythm of it.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By switching
ON, the speaker will produce rooster crowing sound. The display screen will
also display digit “2” and
ash to the rhythm of it.
•
3-18, 4-6-36-32-33, 17-31, 30-39-43-5
33
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
Dog barking sound and flashing digit “1”
34
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-6-36-33, 17-31, 5-30-37-38-39-40-42
Rooster crowing sound and flashing digit “2” 35
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By switching
ON, the speaker will
produce cat meowing
sound. The display
screen will also display
digit “3” and ash to the
rhythm of it.
•
Cat meowing sound and flashing digit “3”
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-6-36-34, 17-31, 30-37-39-38-42-43-5
OUT
T3
T2
T1
34
33
30
31
32
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 38
40 42 43 41
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
39 37 36 35 38
40 42 43 41
17
18
3
4
5
6T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41
100KΩ
100Ω
12
11
17
718
8
3
4
13
14
27
26
25
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
7
8
50
51
48
OUT
23
22
34
T3
T2
T1
33
30
31 V-
32
24
49
3
4
100Ω
4
3
8
7
17
18
100KΩ
100Ω
12
11
13
14
27
26
25
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
48
49
17
18
23
22
24
3
4
5
6
7
8
100Ω

P.11
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the speaker will produce bird chirping sound. The
display screen will also display digit “5” and ash to the rhythm of it.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the speaker will produce duck quacking sound. The
display screen will also display digit “6” and ash to the rhythm of it.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the speaker will produce sheep baaing sound. The
display screen will also display digit “7” and ash to the rhythm of it.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the speaker will produce horse neighing sound. The
display screen will also display digit “4” and ash to the rhythm of it.
•
3-18, 4-36-33-34-6, 17-31,
30-35-38-39-43-5
36
EXPERIMENT
Horse neighing sound and flashing digit “4”
Wiring Sequence
37
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-6-36-33, 17-31-34,
5-30-35-37-38-42-43
3-18, 4-6-36-33, 17-31,
5-30-32-35-37-38-40-42-43
38
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
Bird chirping sound and flashing digit “5”
Duck quacking sound and flashing digit “6”
39
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-6-36, 17-31, 5-30-32-37-39-43
Sheep baaing sound and flashing digit “7”
40
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the speaker will produce cuckoo calling sound. The
display screen will also display digit “8” and ash to the rhythm of it.
•Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the speaker will produce frog croaking sound. The
display screen will also display digit “9” and ash to the rhythm of it.
•
Cuckoo calling sound and flashing digit “8”
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-6-36, 17-31-34,
5-30-32-35-37-38-39-40-42-43
3-18, 4-6-36-33, 32-34,
5-30-35-37-38-39-42-43, 17-31
41
EXPERIMENT
Frog croaking sound and flashing digit “9”
Wiring Sequence
T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41
T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 38
40 42 43 41
T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41
T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41
T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41
T3
T2
T1
OUT
V-
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41

P.12
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By
switching ON, the speaker will produce horse neighing sound, and the
dot at the bottom right corner of the display screen will light up. And
then by pressing the push switch without releasing it, digit 0 will light
up and ash to the rhythm of the horse neighing sound.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. The speaker will
produce sheep baaing sound and the LED will ash to the rhythm of the sheep
baaing sound.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on
the main switch. Use your nger to touch the touch plate. The speaker will
produce rooster crowing sound and the LED will ash to the rhythm of it.
Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your nger and
try again.
•
42
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-6-36-34-33, 5-30-52, 53-40-42-43-35-37-39,
41-7, 8-31-17
3-18, 17-24-31, 32-15, 16-7-30-22-48,
49-8-6-4, 5-23
43
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
Magnet control sheep baaing sound with flashing LED
44
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 17-24-31, 30-7-22-48, 33-26, 28-25, 23-5,
29-27-8-49-6-4
Touch control rooster crowing sound with flashing LED
45
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch
on the main switch. When there is light shone on the light sensor, the
speaker will produce cat meowing sound and the LED will ash to the
rhythm of it.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch
on the main switch. Nothing happens. Then when you disconnect the
wire connecting spring 28 to 43, the speaker will produce horse
neighing sound! This circuit can be used as an alarm system. For
example, when somebody trips on the alarm string, horse neighing
sound will warn you of a trespasser!
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch
on the main switch and cover the light sensor completely. Then you
can hear dog barking sound coming from the speaker. Once you
uncover the light sensor, the dog barking sound will stop.
•
Light control cat meowing sound with flashing LED
Wiring Sequence
5-23, 22-48-7-30, 31-24-17, 18-3, 4-6-8-49-14, 13-34
3-18, 4-6-23-12, 5-30, 17-31-13, 24-26-33-32,
22-27, 11-14-25
46
EXPERIMENT
Darkness activated dog barking sound
Wiring Sequence
47
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 17-43-31, 30-5, 4-6-21-7, 8-28-19,
20-33-34, 28-43
Security alarm based on wiring disconnection
Manual control horse neighing sound with push switch
control flashing digit “0”
34
33
30
31
32
41
43
39
37
40
35
42
38
v+
17
18
3
4
5
6
39 37 36 35 3840
42 43 41
100Ω
53
52
8
7
5
6
22
23
24 17
18
3
4
8
7
100Ω
5
6
48
49
T3
T2
T1
OUT
34
33
30
31
32
V-
13
14
T3
T2
T1
34
33
30
31
32
OUT
V-
3
17
18
4
22
23
24
25 27
26
100kΩ
12
11
13
14
OUT
V-
3
17
18
43
28 4
5
6
8 7
100Ω
T3
T2
T1
34
33
30
31
32
19
21
20
T3
T2
T1
OUT
34
33
30
31
32
17
18
15
16
22
23
24
3
4
87
100Ω
5
6
48
49
V-
22 23
24 17
18
3
4
8
7
100Ω
5
6
48
49
T3
T2
T1
OUT
34
33
30
31
32
V-
28
29
25 27
26

P.13
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the
main switch. Drop a drop of water on the touch-plate. Then the multi-color LED
will light up and the blue LED will extinguish. Wipe the water o the
touch-plate. Then the blue LED will light up and the multi-color LED will
extinguish. This principle can be used for water-level warning. Have a similar
circuit at the place where the water level is needed to be supervised. When the
water-level is beyond warning level, the multi-color LED will light up, and the
blue LED will extinguish. When the water level is below warning level, the
multi-color LED will extinguish and the blue LED will light up.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on
the main switch. When there is light shining on the light sensor, the
multi-color LED will light up, but the blue LED will not. Cover the light
sensor completely. Since no light is shining on it, the multi-color LED will
extinguish and the blue LED will light up. When there is nothing covering
the light sensor, the multi-color LED will light up and the blue LED will
extinguish again. This can be used as a light intensity indicator.
•
50
EXPERIMENT
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence.
Switch on the main switch. Cover the light sensor, and the
spinning LED will be on. Uncover the light sensor, and then the
spinning LED will turn o.
•
Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence.
Switch on the main switch, and then the spinning LED will be
on. When the light sensor is covered, the spinning LED will be
o. Light is the switch of the spinning LED in this circuit.
•
Darkness activated spinning LED light
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-23-12, 26-17-1-13, 24-2, 22-27, 11-14-25
3-18, 4-23-14, 26-17-1-11, 24-2, 22-27
12-13-25
51
EXPERIMENT
Light control spinning LED light
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-7-28-47, 17-48-12-26, 8-27-49-46,
11-29-25
48
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
Water level LED alarm
49
EXPERIMENT
Wiring Sequence
3-18, 4-7-14-47, 17-12-26-48, 8-27-46-49,
11-13-25
Light intensity indicator
17
18
3
4
28
29
25 27
26 48
49
46
47
8
7
100Ω
100kΩ
12
11
17
18
3
4
25 27
26
48
49
46
47
8
7
100Ω
100kΩ
12
11
13
14
100kΩ
12
11
13
14
17
18
3
4
1
2
22 23
24
25
27
26
100kΩ
12
11
13
14
17
18
3
4
1
2
22 23
24
25 27
26

P.14
GLOSSARY
Battery – A source of energy. It contains chemicals which will undergo chemical
reaction to produce electricity when a circuit is connected.
Circuit – A system of interconnected components / devices such as power source,
resistors, capacitors and transistors…etc.
Diode – A device which is used in electric circuitry to allow an electric current to
flow in single direction and block it in the reverse direction.
IC (Integrated Circuit) – A small electronic device made of a semiconductor materi-
al and is used for a variety of devices, including microprocessors, electronic equip-
ment and
automobiles.
LED (Light Emitting Diode) – A diode emits light when current is passing through
it.
Light Sensor – There are different types of light sensor. The one used here is a pho-
totransistor. When light falls on it, it is like a switch connected and so current is
allowed to pass through it.
Motor – A device that produce rotational motion when electricity is applied.
Reed Switch – A magnetically controlled switch made to open and close a circuit.
Resistance – A measurement of the degree to which an object opposes an electrical
current through it.
Resistor – A device designed for possessing resistance.
Seven-Segment LED Display – A display device which is commonly used in elec-
tronic circuits or equipment as decimal numeric display or indicator.
Speaker – A device that changes electrical signals to sound.
Switch – A device for opening and closing power source to a circuit
Transistor – A semi-conductor material device that amplifies a signal and opens or
closes a circuit.
Wire – A conductor that conducts electricity. Connecting a wire is like providing a
path that allows electricity to flow though.

SCIENCE
© 2021 Explore Scientific, LLC.
1010 S 48th Street, Springdale, AR 72762
explorescientificusa.com | 866.252.3811
All rights reserved. Made in China.
If at any time in the future you should need to dispose of this product please note that waste electrical products
should not be disposed of with household waste. Please recycle where facilities exist. Check with your local authority
or retailer for recycling advice. (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive)