Gigabyte GA-MA74GM-S2 User manual

GA-MA74GM-S2H
GA-MA74GM-S2
AM2+/AM2 socket motherboard for
AMD Phenom™II processor/ AMD Phenom™processor/
AMD Athlon™II processor/ AMD Athlon™processor/
AMD Sempron™processor
User's Manual
Rev. 4401
12ME-MA74G2H-4401R

Jul. 19, 2010
Motherboard
GA-MA74GM-S2H/ GA-MA74GM-S2
Jul. 19, 2010
Motherboard
GA-MA74GM-S2H/GA-MA74GM-S2

Copyright
©2010 GIGA-BYTE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. All rights reserved.
The trademarks mentioned in this manual are legally registered to their respective owners.
Disclaimer
Information in this manual is protected by copyright laws and is the property of GIGABYTE.
Changes to the specifications and features in this manual may be made by GIGABYTE
without prior notice. No part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, translated, transmitted,
or published in any form or by any means without GIGABYTE's prior written permission.
Documentation Classications
In order to assist in the use of this product, GIGABYTE provides the following types of documentations:
For detailed product information, carefully read the User's Manual.
For instructions on how to use GIGABYTE's unique features, read or download the information
on/from the Support&Downloads\Motherboard\Technology Guide page on our website.
For product-related information, check on our website at:
http://www.gigabyte.com
Identifying Your Motherboard Revision
The revision number on your motherboard looks like this: "REV: X.X." For example, "REV: 1.0"
means the revision of the motherboard is 1.0. Check your motherboard revision before updating
motherboard BIOS, drivers, or when looking for technical information.
Example:

- 4 -
Table of Contents
Box Contents...................................................................................................................6
Optional Items .................................................................................................................6
GA-MA74GM-S2H/GA-MA74GM-S2 Motherboard Layout .............................................7
GA-MA74GM-S2H/GA-MA74GM-S2 Motherboard Block Diagram.................................8
Chapter 1 Hardware Installation .....................................................................................9
1-1 Installation Precautions.................................................................................... 9
1-2 ProductSpecications.................................................................................... 10
1-3 Installing the CPU and CPU Cooler ............................................................... 13
1-3-1 Installing the CPU...................................................................................................13
1-3-2 Installing the CPU Cooler .......................................................................................15
1-4 Installing the Memory..................................................................................... 16
1-4-1 DualChannelMemoryConguration .....................................................................16
1-4-2 Installing a Memory ...............................................................................................17
1-5 Installing an Expansion Card ......................................................................... 18
1-6 Back Panel Connectors.................................................................................. 19
1-7 Internal Connectors........................................................................................ 21
Chapter 2 BIOS Setup ..................................................................................................31
2-1 Startup Screen ............................................................................................... 32
2-2 The Main Menu .............................................................................................. 33
2-3 MB Intelligent Tweaker(M.I.T.)........................................................................ 35
2-4 Standard CMOS Features.............................................................................. 40
2-5 Advanced BIOS Features .............................................................................. 42
2-6 Integrated Peripherals.................................................................................... 44
2-7 Power Management Setup............................................................................. 47
2-8 PnP/PCICongurations ................................................................................. 49
2-9 PC Health Status............................................................................................ 50
2-10 Load Fail-Safe Defaults.................................................................................. 52
2-11 Load Optimized Defaults................................................................................ 52
2-12 Set Supervisor/User Password ...................................................................... 53
2-13 Save & Exit Setup .......................................................................................... 54
2-14 Exit Without Saving........................................................................................ 54

- 5 -
Chapter 3 Drivers Installation........................................................................................55
3-1 Installing Chipset Drivers ............................................................................... 55
3-2 Application Software ...................................................................................... 56
3-3 Technical Manuals.......................................................................................... 56
3-4 Contact........................................................................................................... 57
3-5 System ........................................................................................................... 57
3-6 Download Center ........................................................................................... 58
3-7 New Utilities ................................................................................................... 58
Chapter 4 Unique Features...........................................................................................59
4-1 Xpress Recovery2.......................................................................................... 59
4-2 BIOS Update Utilities ..................................................................................... 62
4-2-1 Updating the BIOS with the Q-Flash Utility.............................................................62
4-2-2 Updating the BIOS with the @BIOS Utility .............................................................65
4-3 EasyTune 6 .................................................................................................... 66
4-4 Q-Share.......................................................................................................... 67
4-5 SMART Recovery........................................................................................... 68
4-6 Auto Green..................................................................................................... 69
Chapter 5 Appendix ......................................................................................................71
5-1 ConguringSATAHardDrive(s)..................................................................... 71
5-1-1 ConguringtheOnboardSATAController..............................................................71
5-1-2 Making a SATA RAID/AHCI Driver Diskette............................................................77
5-1-3 Installing the SATA RAID/AHCI Driver and Operating System ...............................79
5-2 ConguringAudioInputandOutput............................................................... 83
5-2-1 Conguring2/4/5.1/7.1-ChannelAudio...................................................................83
5-2-2 ConguringS/PDIFIn/Out......................................................................................86
5-2-3 ConguringMicrophoneRecording........................................................................88
5-2-4 Using the Sound Recorder .....................................................................................90
5-3 Troubleshooting.............................................................................................. 91
5-3-1 Frequently Asked Questions ..................................................................................91
5-3-2 Troubleshooting Procedure ....................................................................................92
5-4 Regulatory Statements................................................................................... 94

- 6 -
Box Contents
GA-MA74GM-S2H or GA-MA74GM-S2 motherboard
Motherboard driver disk
User's Manual
One IDE cable
Two SATA cables
I/O Shield
Optional Items
Floppy disk drive cable (Part No. 12CF1-1FD001-7*R)
2-port USB 2.0 bracket (Part No. 12CR1-1UB030-5*R)
2-port SATA power cable (Part No. 12CF1-2SERPW-0*R)
S/PDIF In and Out cable (Part No. 12CR1-1SPINO-1*R)
COM port cable (Part No. 12CF1-1CM001-3*R)
•The box contents above are for reference only and the actual items shall depend on the product package you obtain.
The box contents are subject to change without notice.
•The motherboard image is for reference only.

- 7 -
GA-MA74GM-S2H/GA-MA74GM-S2 Motherboard Layout
jOnly for GA-MA74GM-S2H
KB_USB
CPU_FAN
Socket AM2
ATX
GA-MA74GM-S2H/GA-MA74GM-S2
CD_IN
F_AUDIO
AUDIO
SYS_FAN
PCIEX1
IDE
DDR2_1
DDR2_2
ATX_12V
AMD 740G
AMD SB710
SATA2_2
SATA2_3
SATA2_1
SATA2_0
PCI1
DVI VGA
CODEC BAT
HDMIj
USB LAN
PCI2
F_USB2
M_BIOS
FDD
F_PANEL
COM
B_BIOS
F_USB1
PCIEX16
R_USB
CLR_CMOS
SPDIF_IO
Realtek
RTL8111D/E
iTE IT8718

- 8 -
GA-MA74GM-S2H/GA-MA74GM-S2 Motherboard
Block Diagram
jOnly for GA-MA74GM-S2H
(Note) Simultaneous output for DVI-D and HDMI is not supported.
AM3/AM2+/AM2
CPU
Hyper Transport Bus
AMD 740G
AMD SB710
2 PCI
PCI Bus
PCI CLK
(33 MHz)
PCIe CLK
(100 MHz)
PCI Express Bus
Floppy
CPU CLK+/- (200 MHz)
ATA-133/100/66/33 IDE Channel
Dual BIOS
COM Port
LPC
Bus
1 PCI Express x1
DDR2 1066/800/667/533 MHz
Dual Channel Memory
PCIe CLK
(100 MHz)
1 PCI Express x16
4 SATA 3Gb/s
LAN
RJ45
x1
GFX CLK (100 MHz)
D-Sub
DVI-D (Note)
PCI Express x16
PS/2 KB/Mouse
12 USB Ports
Line Out
MIC
Line In
S/PDIF In
S/PDIF Out
CODEC
Realtek
RTL8111D/E
iTE
IT8718
HDMIj(Note)

- 9 - Hardware Installation
1-1 Installation Precautions
The motherboard contains numerous delicate electronic circuits and components which can
become damaged as a result of electrostatic discharge (ESD). Prior to installation, carefully read
the user's manual and follow these procedures:
• Prior to installation, do not remove or break motherboard S/N (Serial Number) sticker or
warranty sticker provided by your dealer. These stickers are required for warranty validation.
• Always remove the AC power by unplugging the power cord from the power outlet before
installing or removing the motherboard or other hardware components.
• When connecting hardware components to the internal connectors on the motherboard,
make sure they are connected tightly and securely.
• When handling the motherboard, avoid touching any metal leads or connectors.
• It is best to wear an electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist strap when handling electronic com-
ponents such as a motherboard, CPU or memory. If you do not have an ESD wrist strap,
keepyourhandsdryandrsttouchametalobjecttoeliminatestaticelectricity.
• Prior to installing the motherboard, please have it on top of an antistatic pad or within an
electrostatic shielding container.
• Before unplugging the power supply cable from the motherboard, make sure the power sup-
ply has been turned off.
• Before turning on the power, make sure the power supply voltage has been set according to
the local voltage standard.
• Before using the product, please verify that all cables and power connectors of your hard-
ware components are connected.
• To prevent damage to the motherboard, do not allow screws to come in contact with the
motherboard circuit or its components.
• Make sure there are no leftover screws or metal components placed on the motherboard or
within the computer casing.
• Do not place the computer system on an uneven surface .
• Do not place the computer system in a high-temperature environment.
• Turning on the computer power during the installation process can lead to damage to sys-
tem components as well as physical harm to the user.
• If you are uncertain about any installation steps or have a problem related to the use of the
product,pleaseconsultacertiedcomputertechnician.
Chapter 1 Hardware Installation

Hardware Installation - 10 -
1-2 Product Specications
CPU Support for AM3/AM2+/AM2 processors:
AMD Phenom™II processor/ AMD Phenom™processor/
AMD Athlon™II processor/ AMD Athlon™processor/
AMD Sempron™processor
(Go to GIGABYTE's website for the latest CPU support list.)
Hyper Transport Bus
2000 MT/s
Chipset 
North Bridge: AMD 740G
 South Bridge: AMD SB710
Memory 2 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets supporting up to 8 GB of system memory (Note 1)
Dual channel memory architecture
Support for DDR2 1066/800/667/533 MHz memory modules
Support for non-ECC memory modules
 (Go to GIGABYTE's website for the latest supported memory speeds and memory modules.)
Onboard Graphics Integrated in the North Bridge:
- 1 x D-Sub port
- 1 x DVI-D port (Note 2) (Note 3)
- 1 x HDMI port j(Note 3)
Audio    Realtek ALC888B codec
 HighDenitionAudio
 2/4/5.1/7.1-channel (Note 4)
Support for S/PDIF Out
 Support for S/PDIF In
 Support for CD In
LAN 1 x Realtek RTL 8111D/E chip (10/100/1000 Mbit)
Expansion Slots 1 x PCI Express x16 slot, running at x16
1 x PCI Express x1 slot
2 x PCI slots
Storage Interface South Bridge:
- 1 x IDE connector supporting ATA-133/100/66/33 and up to 2 IDE devices
- 4 x SATA 3Gb/s connectors supporting up to 4 SATA 3Gb/s devices
- Support for SATA RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10, and JBOD
iTE IT8718 chip:
      - 1xoppydiskdriveconnectorsupportingupto1oppydiskdrive
USB South Bridge
- Up to 12 USB 2.0/1.1 ports (8 on the back panel, 4 via the USB brackets
connected to the internal USB headers)
jOnly for GA-MA74GM-S2H

- 11 - Hardware Installation
Internal 1 x 24-pin ATX main power connector
Connectors 1 x 4-pin ATX 12V power connector
 1xoppydiskdriveconnector
1 x IDE connector
4 x SATA 3Gb/s connectors
1 x CPU fan header
1 x system fan header
1 x front panel header
1 x front panel audio header
1 x CD In connector
1 x S/PDIF In/Out header
2 x USB 2.0/1.1 headers
1 x serial port header
1 x clearing CMOS jumper
Back Panel 1 x PS/2 keyboard/mouse port
Connectors 1 x D-Sub port
1 x DVI-D port (Note 2) (Note 3)
1 x HDMI portj(Note 3)
8 x USB 2.0/1.1 ports
1 x RJ-45 port
3 x audio jacks (Line In/Line Out/Microphone)
I/O Controller iTE IT8718 chip
Hardware Monitor System voltage detection
CPU/System temperature detection
CPU/System fan speed detection
CPU overheating warning
CPU/System fan fail warning
CPU fan speed control (Note 5)
BIOS  2x8Mbitash
Use of licensed AWARD BIOS
Support for DualBIOS™
PnP 1.0a, DMI 2.0, SM BIOS 2.4, ACPI 1.0b
jOnly for GA-MA74GM-S2H

Hardware Installation - 12 -
(Note 1) Due to Windows 32-bit operating system limitation, when more than 4 GB of physical memory is
installed, the actual memory size displayed will be less than 4 GB.
(Note 2) The DVI-D port does not support D-Sub connection by adapter.
(Note 3) Simultaneous output for DVI-D and HDMI is not supported.
(Note 4) To configure 7.1-channel audio, you have to use an HD front panel audio module and enable
themulti-channel audio feature through the audio driver.
(Note 5) Whether the CPU fan speed control function is supported will depend on the CPU cooler you install.
(Note 6) Available functions in EasyTune may differ by motherboard model.
Unique Features Support for @BIOS
Support for Q-Flash
Support for Xpress BIOS Rescue
Support for Download Center
Support for Xpress Install
Support for Xpress Recovery2
Support for EasyTune (Note 6)
Support for Smart Recovery
Support for Auto Green
Support for ON/OFF Charge
Support for Q-Share
Bundled Software Norton Internet Security (OEM version)
Operating System Support for Microsoft®Windows®7/Vista/XP
Form Factor Micro ATX Form Factor; 24.3cm x 22.0cm

- 13 - Hardware Installation
1-3 Installing the CPU and CPU Cooler
1-3-1 Installing the CPU
A. Locate the pin one (denoted by a small triangle) of the CPU socket and the CPU.
Read the following guidelines before you begin to install the CPU:
• Make sure that the motherboard supports the CPU.
(Go to GIGABYTE's website for the latest CPU support list.)
• Always turn off the computer and unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing
the CPU to prevent hardware damage.
• Locate the pin one of the CPU. The CPU cannot be inserted if oriented incorrectly. (Or you may
locate the notches on both sides of the CPU and alignment keys on the CPU socket.)
• Apply an even and thin layer of thermal grease on the surface of the CPU.
• Do not turn on the computer if the CPU cooler is not installed, otherwise overheating and dam-
age of the CPU may occur.
• SettheCPUhostfrequencyinaccordancewiththeCPUspecications.Itisnotrecommended
thatthesystembusfrequencybesetbeyondhardwarespecicationssinceitdoesnotmeetthe
standard requirements for the peripherals. If you wish to set the frequency beyond the standard
specications,pleasedosoaccordingtoyourhardwarespecicationsincludingtheCPU,graph-
ics card, memory, hard drive, etc.
AM3/AM2+/AM2 CPU
A Small Triangle Marking
Denotes CPU Pin One
A Small Triangle Mark
Denotes Pin One of the
Socket
AM2 Socket

Hardware Installation - 14 -
B. Follow the steps below to correctly install the CPU into the motherboard CPU socket.
Step 1:
Completely lift up the CPU socket locking lever.
Step 2:
Align the CPU pin one (small triangle marking) with the triangle mark
on the CPU socket and gently insert the CPU into the socket. Make
surethattheCPUpinstperfectlyintotheirholes.OncetheCPUis
positionedintoitssocket,placeonengerdownonthemiddleofthe
CPU, lowering the locking lever and latching it into the fully locked
position.
CPU Socket
Locking Lever
• Before installing the CPU, make sure to turn off the computer and unplug the power cord from the
power outlet to prevent damage to the CPU.
• DonotforcetheCPUintotheCPUsocket.TheCPUcannottiniforientedincorrectly.Adjustthe
CPU orientation if this occurs.

- 15 - Hardware Installation
1-3-2 Installing the CPU Cooler
Follow the steps below to correctly install the CPU cooler on the CPU. (The following procedure uses the
GIGABYTE cooler as the example.)
Step 1:
Apply an even and thin layer of thermal grease
on the surface of the installed CPU.
Step 2:
Place the CPU cooler on the CPU.
Step 3:
Hook the CPU cooler clip to the mounting lug
on one side of the retention frame. On the other
side,push straight down on the the CPU cooler
clip to hook it to the mounting lug on the reten-
tion frame.
Step 4:
Turn the cam handle from the left side to the
right side (as the picture above shows) to lock
into place. (Refer to your CPU cooler installation
manual for instructions on installing the cooler.)
Step 5:
Finally, attach the power connector of the CPU cooler to the CPU
fan header (CPU_FAN) on the motherboard.
Use extreme care when removing the CPU cooler because the thermal grease/tape between the
CPU cooler and CPU may adhere to the CPU. Inadequately removing the CPU cooler may damage
the CPU.

Hardware Installation - 16 -
1-4 Installing the Memory
DDR2_1
DDR2_2
Due to CPU limitation, read the following guidelines before installing the memory in Dual Channel mode.
1. Dual Channel mode cannot be enabled if only one DDR2 memory module is installed.
2. When enabling Dual Channel mode with two memory modules, it is recommended that memory of
the same capacity, brand, speed, and chips be used.
Read the following guidelines before you begin to install the memory:
•Make sure that the motherboard supports the memory. It is recommended that memory of the
same capacity, brand, speed, and chips be used.
(Go to GIGABYTE's website for the latest supported memory speeds and memory modules.)
•Always turn off the computer and unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing
the memory to prevent hardware damage.
•Memory modules have a foolproof design. A memory module can be installed in only one direc-
tion. If you are unable to insert the memory, switch the direction.
1-4-1 Dual Channel Memory Conguration
This motherboard provides two DDR2 memory sockets and supports Dual Channel Tech-
nology.Afterthememoryisinstalled,theBIOSwillautomaticallydetectthespecications
and capacity of the memory. Enabling Dual Channel memory mode will double the original
memory bandwidth.
The two DDR2 memory sockets are divided into two channels as following:
Channel 0: DDR2_1
Channel 1: DDR2_2

- 17 - Hardware Installation
1-4-2 Installing a Memory
Notch
Before installing a memory module , make sure to turn off the computer and unplug the power
cord from the power outlet to prevent damage to the memory module.
DDR2 DIMMs are not compatible to DDR DIMMs. Be sure to install DDR2 DIMMs on this moth-
erboard.
ADDR2memorymodulehasanotch,soitcanonlytinonedirection.Followthestepsbelowtocorrectly
install your memory modules in the memory sockets.
Step 1:
Note the orientation of the memory module. Spread the retaining
clips at both ends of the memory socket. Place the memory module
onthesocket.Asindicatedinthepictureontheleft,placeyourn-
gers on the top edge of the memory, push down on the memory and
insert it vertically into the memory socket.
Step 2:
The clips at both ends of the socket will snap into place when the
memory module is securely inserted.
DDR2 DIMM

Hardware Installation - 18 -
1-5 Installing an Expansion Card
Read the following guidelines before you begin to install an expansion card:
•Make sure the motherboard supports the expansion card. Carefully read the manual that came
with your expansion card.
•Always turn off the computer and unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing
an expansion card to prevent hardware damage.
PCI Slot
PCI Express x1 Slot
PCI Express x16 Slot
Follow the steps below to correctly install your expansion card in the expansion slot.
1. Locate an expansion slot that supports your card. Remove the metal slot cover from the chassis back panel.
2. Align the card with the slot, and press down on the card until it is fully seated in the slot.
3. Make sure the metal contacts on the card are completely inserted into the slot.
4. Secure the card’s metal bracket to the chassis back panel with a screw.
5. After installing all expansion cards, replace the chassis cover(s).
6. Turn on your computer. If necessary, go to BIOS Setup to make any required BIOS changes for your
expansion card(s).
7. Install the driver provided with the expansion card in your operating system.
Example: Installing and Removing a PCI Express Graphics Card:
•Installing a Graphics Card:
Gently push down on the top edge of the card until
it is fully inserted into the PCI Express slot. Make
sure the card is securely seated in the slot and
does not rock.
•Removing the Card:
Gently push back on the lever on the slot and then lift the card straight out from
the slot.

- 19 - Hardware Installation
1-6 Back Panel Connectors
USB 2.0/1.1 Port
 TheUSBportsupportstheUSB2.0/1.1specication.UsethisportforUSBdevicessuchasaUSBkey-
board/mouse,USBprinter,USBashdriveandetc.
PS/2 Keyboard/Mouse Port
Use this port to connect a PS/2 keyboard or mouse.
D-Sub Port
The D-Sub port supports a 15-pin D-Sub connector. Connect a monitor that supports D-Sub connection
to this port.
DVI-D Port(Note 1) (Note 2)
TheDVI-DportconformstotheDVI-Dspecicationandsupports a maximum resolution of 1920x1200 ( t he
actual resolutions supported depend on the monitor being used). Connect a monitor that supports DVI-D con-
nection to this port.
HDMI Port(Note 2) j
 TheHDMI(High-DenitionMultimediaInterface)providesanall-digitalaudio/videointerfacetotransmitthe
uncompressed audio/video signals and is HDCP compliant. Connect the HDMI audio/video device to this port.
The HDMI Technology can support a maximum resolution of 1920x1080p but the actual resolutions supported
depend on the monitor being used.
jOnly for GA-MA74GM-S2H
• AfterinstallingtheHDMIdevice,makesurethedefaultdeviceforsoundplaybackistheHDMI
device.(Theitemnamemaydifferfromoperatingsystem.Refertotheguresbelowfordetails.),
and enter BIOS Setup, then set Graphics Display Mode to D-SUB/HDMI under Advanced
BIOS Features.
• PleasenotetheHDMIaudiooutputonlysupportsAC3,DTSand2-channel-LPCMformats.(AC3and
DTS require the use of an external decoder for decoding.)
In Windows Vista, select Start>Control Panel>Sound,
select Realtek HDMI Output and then click Set Default.
(Note 1) The DVI-D port does not support D-Sub
connection by adapter.
(Note 2) Simultaneous output for DVI-D and HDMI is
not supported.
j

Hardware Installation - 20 -
Activity LED:
State Description
Blinking Data transmission or receiving is occurring
Off No data transmission or receiving is occurring
Connection/Speed LED:
State Description
Orange 1 Gbps data rate
Green 100 Mbps data rate
Off 10 Mbps data rate
Activity LED
Connection/
Speed LED
LAN Port
• Whenremoving the cable connected to a backpanelconnector,rstremove the cable from
your device and then remove it from the motherboard.
• When removing the cable, pull it straight out from the connector. Do not rock it side to side to
prevent an electrical short inside the cable connector.
RJ-45 LAN Port
The Gigabit Ethernet LAN port provides Internet connection at up to 1 Gbps data rate. The following de-
scribes the states of the LAN port LEDs.
Tocongure7.1-channelaudio,you havetouseanHD frontpanelaudiomoduleandenable
themulti-channel audio feature through the audio driver. Refer to the instructions on setting up a
2/4/5.1/7.1-channelaudiocongurationinChapter5,"Conguring2/4/5.1/7.1-ChannelAudio."
Line In Jack (Blue)
The default line in jack. Use this audio jack for line in devices such as an optical drive, walkman, etc.
Line Out Jack (Front Speaker Out, Green)
The default line out jack. Use this audio jack for a headphone or 2-channel speaker. This jack can be
usedtoconnectfrontspeakersina4/5.1-channelaudioconguration.
Mic In Jack (Pink)
The default Mic in jack. Microphones must be connected to this jack.
A. Dual Display Congurations:
This motherboard provides three ports for video output: DVI-D, HDMI and D-Sub. The table below shows
 thesupporteddualdisplaycongurations.
B. Playback of HD DVD and Blu-ray Discs:
In order to get better playback quality, when playing the HD DVD or Blu-ray discs, refer to the recom
mended system requirements (or better) below.
•CPU: AMD Phenom™X3 processor or above
•Memory: Two 1 GB DDR2 800 MHz memory modules with dual channel mode enabled
•BIOS Setup: At least 256 MB of UMA Frame Buffer Size (refer to Chapter 2, "BIOS Setup," "Advanced
BIOS Features," for more information)
•Playback software: CyberLink PowerDVD 8.0 or later
•HDCP compliant monitor(s)
Combination Supported or Not
DVI-D + D-Sub Yes
DVI-D + HDMI No
HDMI + D-Sub Yes
Dual
Display