HAMAR LASER L-705 User manual

WARRANTY
Hamar Laser Instruments, Inc. warrants each instrument and other articles of
equipment manufactured by it to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship under normal use and service. Its obligation under this warranty
are limited to making good at its factory any instrument and other article of
equipment, which shall, within one year after shipment of each instrument and
other article of equipment to the original purchaser, be returned intact to Hamar
with transportation prepaid, and which Hamar’s examination shall disclose to
Hamar’s satisfaction to have been thus defective. Other than this express
warranty, Hamar neither assumes, nor authorizes any other persons to assume for
it, any other liability or obligation in connection with the sale of its products.
This warranty is not applicable to instruments or other articles of equipment
manufactured by other companies and limited by a warranty extending for less
than one year. In such an event, the more limited warranty applies to said
instrument or article of equipment.
This warranty shall not apply to any instrument or other article of equipment
which shall have been repaired or altered outside the Hamar factory, nor which
has been subject to misuse, negligence, or use not in accord with instructions
furnished by the manufacturer.
The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement
and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
It is against the law to copy the software on any medium for any purpose other
than the purchaser's personal use.
The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. No part of
this manual may be reproduced by any means, electronic or mechanical, without
written permission from Hamar Laser Instruments, Inc.
© Copyright Hamar Laser Instruments, Incorporated, 2019
5 Ye Olde Road, Danbury, Connecticut 06810

Table of Contents
Turbine Alignment Hardware ..........................................................................................................1
The L-705 Laser ...........................................................................................................................2
L-705 Features and Setup ....................................................................................................2
Adjusting the L-705 Laser ...................................................................................................3
Attaching the Battery Pack...................................................................................................4
Replacing the Batteries ........................................................................................................4
T-218T 2-Axis Turbine Target.....................................................................................................5
A-1511 Wand Bore Fixture..........................................................................................................5
The Model R-1307-2.4ZB Readout..............................................................................................6
The Model R-1308 Single-Axis Readout.....................................................................................6
Performing a Turbine Alignment.....................................................................................................7
Preparing for an Alignment..........................................................................................................7
Hardware Preparation ..........................................................................................................7
Installing the “Pac Man” Magnets .......................................................................................7
Using the T-218T 2-Axis Turbine Target ..................................................................................14
Measuring Bores Using the A-1511 Wand Bore Target/R-1308 Readout.................................16
Calculating the Bore Misalignment ...................................................................................18
Measuring Bores Using the A-1511 Wand Bore Target/R-1307 Readout.................................19
Calculating the Bore Misalignment ...................................................................................21
Appendix A – The NORMIN Method (Bore and Spindle)............................................................22
Appendix B – Configuring the R-1307-2.4ZB Readout ................................................................24
Model R-1307 Readouts – Control Panel ..................................................................................24
Configuring the R-1307 Readout for a Cabled (Local) Target...................................................25
Configuring the R-1307 Readout for the A-1519-2.4ZB Wireless Target in Dual-Axis Mode.26
Appendix C – Care and Cleaning of Target Optics .......................................................................27

1
Turbine Alignment Hardware
The L-705 and L-706 Bore Alignment Lasers are perfectly designed to
perform alignment of gas and steam turbine bores. The system uses a
laser, reference target, measuring target, micrometer sweep device, and
fixtures to hold the laser and targets. Since the laser beam is concentric
to the OD of the L-705/706 housing to within .0005 in. (0.013 mm), it
can serve as one reference target. This saves a lot of time during setup.
On most turbine alignments, the rotor bearing bores are used as the
references. This means that fixtures that hold the laser and reference
target must be placed precisely in these bores to the set points determined
by the manufacturer of the turbine.
The fixtures are hung in the bores using angle iron and special magnetic
bases. Depending upon the size of the bore, either the large (A-501) or
the small sweep unit (A-501A) is used to position the fixture so that the
center is exactly on the reference points provided. The sweep unit is
essentially an inside micrometer that allows the fixture to be placed to
any points desired (for example, .000 in. left, .009 in. right and -.010 in.
bottom).
Once both fixtures are swept in, the laser (L-705 for distances up to 50 ft.
(15 m) and the L-706 for distances from 50 to 110 ft. or 15 m to 33 m) is
placed in one reference fixture and a target (T-218T) is placed in the
opposite reference fixture. The L-705 laser is manufactured so that the
laser beam is concentric (centered to) to the housing's OD to within
.0005 in. (0.013 mm). With the fixture "swept in," the laser is inserted
into the fixture and is thus centered to the reference points.
All that is needed now is to adjust the angle of the laser beam, using the two micrometers on the back of
the L-705. These micrometers are adjusted until the reference target reads zero, both vertically and
horizontally. The laser is now set up and ready for measurements.
For measuring an individual component, such as a diaphragm, there are two target choices. The first is
the T-218T Turbine Target. The T-218T works much the same as the reference targets. The target fixture
(A-502A) is swept into the center of the bore using the A-501(A) sweep unit, then the target is placed in
the fixture and the reading is taken. A positive vertical reading means the diaphragm is higher than the
reference bores. A positive horizontal reading means the diaphragm is to the right of the reference bores.
Since the data is live, the diaphragm can be adjusted until the reading is zero (or to an offset determined
by the engineers).
The second measuring target that can be used is the A-1511 Wand Bore Target. Instead of using a fixture
to "hang" a target in the center of the bore, the A-1511 uses fixed-length legs that are approximately
equal to the radius of the bore. Two legs are used, each 90 degrees from the other. One leg has a
measuring tip on it and the other is used for support. The A-1511 has replaceable legs and can be used on
bores with a radius of 10 to 96 in. (254 mm to 2.44 m).
Recommended System
Configuration
L-705 Bore Laser
R-1307-2.4ZB Target Readout
T-218T 2-Axis Turbine Target
A-501A Turbine Small Bore
Sweep Unit
A-502A Turbine Reference
Target Bracket
A-502L Laser Support Bracket
T-231A 25 ft. (7.62 m) Target
Extension Cable
A-510 Self-Centering Small Bore
Target Adapter for 2 – 5 in.
Bores
A-814 Shipping Case
Optional Accessories
L-706 Long Distance Bore Laser
A-1511 Wand Bore Target
A-501A Turbine Bore Sweep
Unit
A-1519-2.4ZB Single-Axis
2.4GHz Wireless Scan Target
R-1308 Single-Axis Readout
A-1356-2.4ZB Ruggedized
Nomad PDA with Read15
Software

2
Both the A-1511 and T-218T measuring targets are very repeatable. However, in our experience, the A-
1511 is much faster at taking the measurements. To get the best repeatability, some mechanism should be
employed to ensure that each point on the diaphragm or other component is marked and the measuring tip
is placed exactly on the same point. Given that the surfaces inside a turbine are usually pitted and rough,
a radius tip should be used. For new turbine installations, repeatability of .001 in. (0.025 mm) or better is
easily achievable. However, for older turbines, it becomes increasing more difficult to hold .001 in.
repeatability because of the high level of pitting and corrosion.
The L-705 Laser
The L-705 Laser has been designed
with a .750 in. (19.05 mm) mounting
stud and flat face with magnets to hold
it flush to fixturing. Since the laser
beam is concentric to the OD to within
.0005 in. (0.01 mm), a simple flat face
and .750 in. (19.05 mm) hole on center
is all that is needed to hold the laser
(the extruder package includes a self-
centering chuck fixture). In fact, the
laser replaces the first reference target
that a typical borescope would need.
L-705 Features and Setup
The L-705 has a range of 50 ft. (15 m),
and under good environmental
conditions, it is accurate to .001 in.
(0.025 mm) over the whole range. By
carefully following the NORMIN
procedure described in Appendix A,
accuracies of .0002 in. (0.005 mm) in
10 ft. (3 m) can also be achieved.
The L-705 has a range of 50 ft. (15 m), and under good environmental conditions, it is accurate to .001
in. (0.025 mm) over the whole range. By carefully following the NORMIN procedure described in
Appendix A, accuracies of .0002 in. (.005 mm) in 10 ft. (3 m) can also be achieved.
The L-705 provides a straight reference line to which any bore or extruder barrel can be aligned and
measured. The laser mounts in an adapter. The laser and adapter, in turn, are mounted in either in the
bore or the counter bore of the gearbox spindle. The laser projects a beam through the adapter and down
through the inside of a bore or barrel toward any of Hamar's bore targets, which are mounted in the
opposite end of the bore or the free end of the extruder barrel. The laser beam is then adjusted (qualified)
to project the actual axis of rotation of the gearbox.
The following describes the operational features of the L-705 Laser. These features include bubble level
vial orientation, micrometer values and settings, ON/OFF switches and the external battery pack.
•The ON/OFF slide switch has a lighted LED to indicate that power is ON.
•The Pulse/Continuous switch selects the laser mode compatible with the readout/interface being
used (see Page 6 for more information about Pulse/Continuous modes and the readouts used for each
mode).
•Battery Pack connector accepts a slip-fit probe with a flexible cord.
Figure 1 – L-705 Laser

3
•Bubble level vials on the laser mounting flange are used for rotational accuracy. When the bubbles
in the level vial are centered horizontally, all micrometer adjustments (controlling laser beam angle)
will shift the laser beam vertically or horizontally with reference to the bore/target axis. If the
bubbles are not centered, any micrometer adjustment to one laser axis will change the laser beam
position in both axes. The levels also provide fixture mounting repeatability (assuming the laser is
hard-mounted to fixture).
•Micrometer controls are provided for the adjustment of the angle at which the laser beam emerges
from the precision ground, mutually concentric steel laser housing. Each laser has a NOMINAL
setting for both the V-Vertical and the H-Horizontal micrometer controls. The nominal settings are
determined at the factory and correlate to values for the laser beam when it is perpendicular to both
the 2 in. and 4 in. mounting faces. When the bubble in one of the level vials is centered, a nominal
setting of each micrometer squares the laser beam to that specific axis. For example, if the nominal
vertical setting is .120, then setting the micrometer to .120 sets the laser beam square to the vertical
axis. When a laser is mounted in the gearbox or bore adapter, vertical and horizontal micrometers
should be set in the nominal positions to facilitate the alignment and measurement process.
Adjusting the L-705 Laser
The L-705 Laser beam is factory adjusted to be concentric to
the mounting diameters (2.25 in. or 57.15 mm and .75 in. or
19.05 mm) within ±.0005 in (0.0127 mm). With the adjusting
micrometers set at the nominal position, (see the Nominal
Settings label on the outer flange), the laser beam is perpen-
dicular to the front mounting surface and parallel to the
mounting diameters within ±.0003 in/ft.
In a typical bore measuring application, the L-705 Laser is
mounted concentric to one end of the bore by means of a
fixture ring or plate. Because fixtures are seldom perfect, the
laser beam requires angular adjustment to make it concentric
to the bore. This is accomplished by placing the Self-
Centering measuring target at the other end of the bore and
adjusting the micrometers on the laser until the laser beam is
centered on the target.
The circular level vial on the laser mounting flange is used to
reference the orientation of the vertical and horizontal axes
of the L-705 Laser. When the bubble in the level vial is
centered, all micrometer adjustments (controlling laser beam
angle) will shift the laser beam vertically or horizontally
with reference to the bore/target axis. If the circular level bubble is not centered, any micrometer
adjustment to one laser axis will make the laser beam position appear to change in both axes. The level
vial also provides fixture mounting repeatability (assuming the laser is hard mounted to the fixture).
Only minor readjustments of the laser to the bore and fixture surfaces are required in situations where
frequent alignment is expected.
Figure 2 – L-705 Laser Micrometer Adjustments

4
Attaching the Battery Pack
The L-705 Laser battery pack is a stand-alone unit that
attaches magnetically to an extruder gearbox. The battery
pack has a detachable cord with a probe at each end. One
probe attaches directly to a jack on the battery pack and the
other probe is inserted in the control panel of the L-705 Laser.
1. Turn off the man power switch.
The main power switch must be off before attaching the
battery pack.
2. Insert the probe into the battery power input jack.
The jack is located on the end panel of the battery pack.
Insert the plug gently until it snaps into place.
3. Insert the probe into the laser power input jack.
The jack is located on the micrometer control, at the apex
of the V and H axis arrows. Insert the plug gently until it
snaps into place.
Replacing the Batteries
The battery pack uses two 9-volt batteries. The batteries are housed in a two-part case which is held
together by flathead screws. Hamar Laser recommends using alkaline or nickel-cadmium (NiCad) cells
for best performance.
1. Unplug the battery pack from the laser.
Pull the probe out of the laser control panel and gently set aside.
2. Unscrew the cover of the pack.
Locate and loosen the two captive flathead screws, and remove the cover.
3. Replace the two batteries.
Remove the old batteries and replace them with new 9-volt cells, being careful to orient them with
the negative terminal out (or up).
4. Re-attach the cover.
Put the cover back on and secure it to the battery pack with the screws.
Figure 3 – Attaching the Battery Pack

5
T-218T 2-Axis Turbine Target
The T-218T turbine target works much the same as reference
targets. The target fixture (A-502A) is swept into the center of
the bore using the A-501(A) sweep unit, then the target is placed
in the fixture and the reading is taken. A positive vertical reading
means the diaphragm is higher than the reference bores. A
positive horizontal reading means the diaphragm is to the right of
the reference bores. Since the data is live, the diaphragm can be
adjusted until the reading is zero (or to an offset determined by
the engineers).
Figure 4 – T-218 Target
A-1511 Wand Bore Fixture
The A-1511 Wand Bore Fixture
speeds data taking for steam turbine
bores with diameters from 10 in. to
96 in. (254 mm to 2.44 m) and
provides high levels of repeatability
for faster measurement-taking to
help reduce overhaul alignment
times by up to 50 percent. The
fixture uses two fixed-length legs
approximately equal to the radius of
the bore, one leg with a measuring
tip and one for support.
Figure 5 – A-1511 Wand Bore Fixture

6
The Model R-1307-2.4ZB Readout
The Model R-1307 Readout supports both wireless
Unitargets, such as the A-1519-2.4ZB, or local (cabled)
targets. It is available with a radio frequency 2.4 GHz ISM
band. The R-1307 can be used as the primary readout or as an
additional readout to copy position data captured by another
R-1307.
Figure 6 – R-1307 Readout
The Model R-1308 Single-Axis Readout
The R-1308 Single-Axis Readout is a small, lightweight readout
that attaches to the base post of Hamar Laser’s A-1519-2.4ZB
Wireless Targets and connects directly to the target via the
auxiliary port. The readout includes a user-selectable display that
allows the target position to be viewed in either inches or
millimeters and shows readings in either Relative (Zero) or
Absolute mode. The numeric LED display has a resolution of four
decimal places (0.0000) for easy viewing of target reading.
Figure 7 – The R-1308 Single-Axis Readout

7
Performing a Turbine Alignment
Preparing for an Alignment
There are several preparations that need to be made before beginning a measurement or alignment proc-
ess. Ensure that accurate records are kept for all procedures.
Hardware Preparation
•Determine what hardware is necessary to perform the alignment, including the laser, target, mounting
fixtures, readouts or interface, cables, etc. Make a note of the target model number so that the infor-
mation can be entered into the program setup.
•If a test or measurement is expected to take more than 3-4 hours, be sure to connect portable
computers, interfaces, and other battery-operated devices to their external power supplies.
•Observe safety precautions when setting up hardware. Lock out machines for stationary procedures.
If a machine is running, set up barriers and/or warning signs and route all cables away from moving
parts. Clean and check all equipment, fixtures, and mounting surfaces before beginning any
alignment process.
Turbine alignment is usually measured by referencing one bore on each end of the turbine shell and
aligning the internal components to that centerline. In many cases the oil seal housing is measured to the
rotor shaft during disassembly and the alignment is performed based on the oil seal housing by setting the
reference to the offset from the rotor shaft.
Installing the “Pac Man” Magnets
Begin by placing one of each type of magnetic mount
(one straight slot and one rotating slot) on the turbine
shell beside the bearing reference bore, approximately
3 in. (76.2 mm) behind the reference bore with the
slots facing the opposite reference bore. Turn the
handle to lock the magnets.

8
Cut lengths of angle iron to span the
top of the turbine shell or reference
bore.
•The A-502L requires 2 pieces of
2 in. x 2 in. (50.8 mm x 50.8mm)
angle iron
•The A-502A requires 1 piece of
2 in. x 2 in. (50.8 mm x 50.8mm)
angle iron
Insert one piece of 2 in. x 2 in. (50.8
mm x 50.8 mm) angle iron into the
magnetic mounts. Tighten the set screw
in the straight slotted magnetic mount
against the angle iron first. The rotating
slot rotates in order to absorb any
angularity that may occur when
tightening the set screws against the
angle iron. Tighten the set screw in the
rotating slot magnetic mount against the
angle iron.
Place one of each of
the magnetic mounts
(one straight slot and
one rotating slot)
approximately 5 in.
(127 mm) behind the
existing magnetic
mounts holding the
angle iron. Turn the
handle to lock the magnets. Place a second 2 in. x 2 in. (50.8 mm x 50.8 mm) length of angle iron into
the slots and tighten the set screw onto the angle iron, tightening the straight slotted magnetic mount first.
Tighten the set screw in the rotating slot magnetic mount against the angle iron.

9
Mount the A-502L onto the first length of angle iron with the support arm underneath the angle iron and
onto the second length of angle iron.
Use a measuring tape to center the A-502L with the bore from side to side. The magnetic mounts are
designed so that the A-502L will be very near to the center when mounted onto the angle iron. Tighten
the set screws in the A-502L against the angle iron.

10
Place the A-501 Bore
Sweep Unit into the
A-502L and secure it
with the thumb screw.
Slide the Sliding Bore
Sweep Rod into the A-
501 Bore Sweep Unit.
Slide the indicator
push tab onto the rod
but do not tighten the
set screw. Slide the
Bore Sweep Rod tip
onto the rod so the
rounded tip is down
and toward the
reference bore. Place
the tip onto the bore
surface so it will hold
the rod from falling
out. The Bore Sweep Unit has a linear bearing slide so the rod cannot rotate when it is inserted into the
unit. Slide the indicator push tab up onto the rod until it compresses the indicator rod approximately half
way and then tighten the set screw against the rod.
Place the Bore Sweep Rod tip on one side near the top of
the reference bore and zero the Digital Dial Indicator by
pressing the yellow Zero button.

11
Move the Bore Sweep Rod tip to the other side of
the bore.
Using the horizontal adjustment knobs,
center the A-502 in the bore according to
the desired offsets determined by the shaft
centerline.
Note: The adjustment knobs are only push
adjustments. One knob must be loosened
and the opposite knob tightened to move
the A-502.
Move the bore sweep rod tip back to the
zero point and Zero the Digital Dial
Indicator.

12
Move the bore sweep rod tip back to the
opposite side of the bore and readjust to the
desired set point if necessary. If any
adjustment is made, the Digital Dial
Indicator must be e re-zeroed at the original
set point. Move the Bore Sweep Rod tip to
the bottom of the bore.
Position the A-502 vertically in the bore to the desired set
point by adjusting the vertical adjustment knobs.

13
Position one each of
the magnetic mounts
(one straight slot and
one rotating slot) be-
side and approxi-
mately 3 in. (76.2 mm)
behind the other refer-
ence bore with the
slots facing toward the
end of the turbine
housing. Turn the han-
dle to lock the mag-
nets.
Place a length of 2 in.
x 2 in. (50.8 mm x 50.8mm angle iron into the slots and tighten the set screw against the angle iron in the
straight slot magnetic mount. Tighten the set screw in the rotating slot magnetic mount.
Using a measuring tape, position the A-502 onto the angle iron horizontally near the center of the bore.
Tighten the set screws against the angle iron.
Place the A-501 Sweep Unit in the
A-502 and adjust it to the desired set
points as defined previously. Place
the L-705 Laser in the A-502L so the
bubble level is level from side to side
and secure it with the thumb screw.
Plug the battery pack in and move
the switch on the L-705 to the
“Pulse” position.

14
Using the T-218T 2-Axis Turbine Target
Place the T-218T 2-Axis Turbine Target
into the A-502 so the cable is on the bottom
and extends out the front and the locating
pin fits into the slot. Connect the target
cable to the R-1307 and power on the R-
1307.
If the laser beam is going into the
front opening of the T-218T 2-
Axis Turbine Target and numbers
display on the R-1307, adjust the
laser beam until the readout reads
.000 vertically and horizontally by
turning the vertical and horizontal
adjustments on the front of the L-
705 laser.
If the laser beam is not going into
the front opening of the T-218T 2-
Axis Turbine Target, it may be
necessary to loosen the magnetic
mounts and adjust the angle of the
laser from side to side. A vertical
adjustment can be made by the
adjusting screws on the top and
bottom of the A-502L Support
Arm. If any adjustments are made,
it will be necessary to reposition the A-502 by inserting the Bore Sweep Unit again and readjusting to the
desired set point.
On the following page is a graphic representation of the setup using the T-218T 2-Axis Turbine Target.

15
Half-Bore Alignment Setup

16
Measuring Bores Using the A-1511 Wand Bore Target/R-1308
Readout
There are two methods of obtaining readings when using the A-1511 Wand Bore Fixture. The first
method is by attaching the R-1308 Readout to the target. The second method is by using the R-1307
Readout for wireless communication. To configure the R-1307 Readout for dual-axis mode, see
Appendix B, beginning on Page 24.
Using a measuring tape, measure the diameter of the bore. Select the appropriate legs and/or extensions
that can be adjusted to the radius of the bore, less 3.750 in. (95.25 mm).
Attach these legs to the A-1511 Wand Bore Fixture.
Use a measuring tape to coarse-adjust the legs. The measurement of the legs to the center of the target
should be approximately the same as the radius of the bore. Final adjustments are made while measuring
the bore.

17
Attach the R-1308 Single-Axis Readout to the A-1511
Wand Bore Fixture and plug it into the readout port on
the side of the A-1519-2.4ZB Target.
Place the measuring tip against the side of
the bore so it is resting on the support leg.
Press the Display Mode button on the
readout to change the display to horizontal
bars. Adjust the support leg until there are
fewer than three bars showing.
Press the Display Mode Button again to
change the display to vertical numbers.
Adjust the measuring leg until the readings
are near .000. Slowly sweep the target in
and out until you get the highest number
reading on the readout. When you have the
highest number reading on the readout,
press the ABS/REL Button on the front of
the R-1308 Readout to zero the reading.
Rotate the target 180 degrees on the fixture.
Place the measuring leg against the opposite
side of the bore so it is resting on the support
leg. Press the Display Mode button on the
readout to display the horizontal bars.
Adjust the support leg until fewer than three
bars are showing. Press the Display Mode
button again to display the vertical numbers.
Slowly sweep the target in and out until you
get the highest number reading on the
readout. Record that number on a sheet of
paper.
Place the measuring leg on the bottom of the bore so the support leg rest against the side of the bore.