Husqvarna R 318X Instruction manual

Workshop manual
R 318X, R 316TX, R 320X AWD,
R 316TX AWD, R 316TsX AWD,
R 322TX AWD English
855 - 002 - 28.03.2019

Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 General.................................................................. 3
1.2 Document description............................................ 3
1.3 Target group...........................................................3
1.4 Safety..................................................................... 3
1.5 Revisions................................................................3
1.6 Servicing tools........................................................3
2 Safety
2.1 General safety instructions.....................................4
2.2 Safety definitions....................................................4
2.3 Special safety instructions......................................4
2.4 Risk of sparks.........................................................4
2.5 Display................................................................... 5
2.6 Symbols on the product......................................... 5
2.7 Transport safety .................................................... 6
2.8 To safely attach the product for transport.............. 6
2.9 To put supports below the product.........................7
3 Prepare and do servicing on the product
3.1 Pre delivery inspection........................................... 8
4 Assembly
4.1 Battery....................................................................9
4.2 To assemble the steering wheel............................ 9
4.3 To adjust height of the steering wheel................... 9
4.4 To install the seat................................................... 9
4.5 Hitch....................................................................... 9
4.6 Wheels................................................................... 9
4.7 To attach the cutting deck...................................... 9
4.8 To remove the cutting deck..................................11
4.9 To do a check of the parallelism of the cutting
deck............................................................................12
4.10 To fill fuel............................................................12
5 Function test
5.1 Operation conditions............................................ 13
6 Maintenance
6.1 Maintenance schedule for the workshop..............14
7 Servicing tools
7.1 Servicing tools......................................................16
7.2 Optical tachometer............................................... 16
8 Function overview
8.1 Product overview..................................................18
8.2 Serial numbers on the product............................. 18
8.3 Engine.................................................................. 19
8.4 Hydraulic system..................................................19
8.5 Steering................................................................20
8.6 Cutting deck......................................................... 20
9 Repair instructions
9.1 Chassis................................................................ 21
9.2 Propulsion system................................................28
9.3 Electrical system.................................................. 34
9.4 Fuel system..........................................................38
9.5 Hydraulic system..................................................40
9.6 Cutting system..................................................... 52
9.7 Equipment frame..................................................57
9.8 Steering................................................................58
9.9 Belts..................................................................... 60
10 Troubleshooting
10.1 Troubleshooting schedule.................................. 64
11 Technical data
11.1 Technical data....................................................66
11.2 Cutting deck, control points and play................. 68
11.3 Tightening torques............................................. 69
2855 - 002 - 28.03.2019

1 Introduction
1.1 General
This publication covers Husqvarna ride-on lawn mowers
R 318X, R 316TX, R 320X AWD, R 316TX AWD, R
316TsX AWD, R 322TX AWD from model year 2018.
Workshop manuals are available for models that are no
longer sold.
1.2 Document description
This manual gives a full description of how to do
maintenance and repair on the product. It also gives
safety instructions that the personnel must obey.
1.3 Target group
This manual is for personnel with a general knowledge
of how to do repair and do servicing. All personnel that
do repair or do servicing on the product must read and
understand the manual.
1.4 Safety
WARNING: All personnel that repair or do
servicing on the product must read and
understand the safety instructions in this
workshop manual.
1.5 Revisions
Changes to the product can cause changes to the
maintenance work and spare parts. Separate
information is sent out for each change.
Read the manual together with all received information
about changes to maintenance and spare parts for the
product.
1.6 Servicing tools
The manual gives information about necessary servicing
tools. Always use original tools from Husqvarna.
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2 Safety
2.1 General safety instructions
WARNING: Read the warning instructions that
follow before you use the product.
The service center that repairs the product must have
safety devices that obey local regulations. Warnings and
cautions are used to point out specially important parts
of the workshop manual.
2.2 Safety definitions
Warnings, cautions and notes are used to point out
specially important parts of the manual.
WARNING: Used if there is a risk of injury or
death for the operator or bystanders if the
instructions in the manual are not obeyed.
CAUTION: Used if there is a risk of damage to
the product, other materials or the adjacent area
if the instructions in the manual are not obeyed.
Note: Used to give more information that is necessary in
a given situation.
2.3 Special safety instructions
WARNING: The fuel for the product has
dangerous properties:
• The fuel and its fume are poisonous.
• The fuel can cause damage to the eyes and
the skin.
• The fuel can cause breathing problems.
• The fuel is very flammable.
WARNING: Read the warning instructions that
follow before you do work on the product.
• Do not point the airflow at your body when you use
compressed air. Air can go into the blood circulation
and kill you.
• Use eye protection when you do work on springs in
tension.
• Use hearing protection when the engine is on.
• Use protective gloves when you do work on or near
the blades. The blades are sharp and can give cut
injuries.
• Use eye protection when you do work on the cutting
deck. The belt tension spring can break and cause
injury.
• Use eye protection when you do work on the battery
with the caps removed. If battery acid gets into your
eyes or onto your skin, clean immediately with much
water and get medical aid.
• Explosive gases can come from the battery. Do not
smoke near the battery. Keep the battery away from
open flames and sparks.
2.4 Risk of sparks
Sparks can occur when you do work on the battery and
the thick cables. This can cause battery explosions, fire
or eye injuries. Sparks can not occur in the circuit when
the battery ground cable is disconnected.
Obey the following to prevent sparks.
• Use protective goggles.
• Make sure the tank cap is attached correctly.
• Do not keep flammable liquids in open containers.
• Do not do work on the starter motor circuit near
spilled fuel.
• Disconnect the ground cable of the battery first and
connect it last.
• Do not cause short circuits with tools.
• Do not cause short circuit to the starter relay
connections to operate the starter motor.
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2.5 Display
The display on the instrument panel shows information of the status of the product.
2 3 4 5 6 1
910
11
16
12
13 15
17
20
19
18
7
14
8
1. Slope indicator
2. Hydraulic temperature indicator
3. Oil pressure indicator
4. Battery level indicator
5. Indicator for cutting deck presence
6. PTO indicator
7. Tachometer
8. Recommended engine RPM when you operate the
product.
9. Parking brake indicator
10. Operator presence control (OPC)
11. Fuel gauge
12. Work light or high beam light indicator
13. Bluetooth
14. Weight transfer disengaged
15. Service indicator
16. Fuel gauge measured in steps of 5%
17. Low fuel level indicator
18. Total run time
19. Digital lock
20. Operation run time
Note: The look of the display can be different between
different models.
2.6 Symbols on the product
WARNING: Careless or incorrect use can
result in serious injury or death to the
operator or others.
Read the operator's manual carefully and
make sure that you understand the
instructions before use.
Rotating blades. Keep body parts away
from the cover when the engine is on.
Warning: rotating parts. Keep body parts
away.
Look out for ejecting objects and
ricochets.
Never use the product if persons,
especially children, or animals, are in the
vicinity.
Look behind you before and while you
move the product in reverse.
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Never cut grass across a slope. Do not
cut grass on ground that slopes more than
10°.
Never carry passengers on the product or
equipment.
Move forward.
Neutral gear.
Move rearward.
Parking brake.
This product is in accordance with
applicable EC directives.
Noise emission to the environment
according to the European Community's
Directive. The product's emission is
specified in the Technical data chapter
and on the label.
Always use approved hearing protection.
Stop the engine.
Start the engine.
Engine speed – fast.
Engine speed – slow.
Fuel.
Max. ethanol 10%.
Cutting height.
Servicing position for the cutting height
lever.
The blades are engaged.
The blades are disengaged.
Servicing position for the cutting deck.
Operation position for the cutting deck.
Engage and disengage the drive system.
Oil level.
Note: Other symbols/decals on the product refer to
certification requirements for some commercial areas.
2.7 Transport safety
• Use an approved transport vehicle for transportation
of the product.
• A markets national or local regulations can set limit
to the transportation of the product.
• The operator of the transport vehicle is responsible
to attach the product safely during transport.
2.8 To safely attach the product for transport
Before you attach the product, you must read and
understand the safety chapter. Refer to Transport safety
on page 6 .
WARNING: The parking brake is not sufficient
to lock the product during transport. Attach the
product tightly to the load area.
Equipment: 2 approved straps and 4 wedge shaped
wheel blocks.
1. Park the product in the center of the load area.
CAUTION: For transport in transport
vehicles with a cover. Make sure to let the
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product become cool before you put the
product under the cover.
2. Make sure that the center of gravity of the product is
above the wheel axle of the transport vehicle. If a
trailer is used for transport, make sure that the down
force on your tow bar is correct.
3. Apply the parking brake.
4. If the product has Bluetooth, lock the product with
Husqvarna Connect.
5. Lower the cutting deck to the mow position.
6. Remove all loose objects.
7. Assemble the first strap through the rear
transmission frame. Refer to the illustration.
8. Tighten the strap rearward to attach the product to
the load area.
9. Put the second strap around the frame tunnel.
10. Attach the strap to the load area.
11. Tighten the strap in the direction of the front of the
load area to attach the product to the load area.
12. Put the wheel blocks in front of and behind the rear
wheels.
2.9 To put supports below the product
WARNING: Always put supports on the 2 sides
of the product to make it stable.
1. Park the product on a hard and level ground.
2. Remove the cutting deck. Refer to To remove the
cutting deck on page 11 .
3. Lift the product with a jack assembly.
4. Put the front supports behind the front wheels.
5. Put the rear supports below the rear transmission
frame.
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3 Prepare and do servicing on the product
3.1 Pre delivery inspection
Complete the sales certificate and the customer records.
Write the serial number in the operator's manual and
confirm the delivery service in the service book.
8 - Prepare and do servicing on the
product
855 - 002 - 28.03.2019

4 Assembly
4.1 Battery
Charge the battery at 12V, maximum 3A for 4 hours.
Use a Husqvarna battery charger. Refer to Servicing
tools on page 16 .
4.2 To assemble the steering wheel
1. Install the steering wheel with steering column tube
onto the steering column. Select applicable height.
2. Turn the knob clockwise to tighten.
4.3 To adjust height of the steering wheel
WARNING: Do not adjust the height of the
steering wheel during operation of the product.
1. Turn the knob counterclockwise to loosen.
2. Adjust the height of the steering wheel.
3. Turn the knob clockwise to tighten.
CAUTION: Make sure that the long end of the
knob points up.
4.4 To install the seat
1. Put the seat in the frame.
2. Install the 2 screws (A).
A
4.5 Hitch
The hitch is assembled the wrong way during transport
from the factory. Remove the hitch and attach it to the
bumper as shown in the illustration.
4.6 Wheels
Note: Different tire pressure in the front wheels makes
the blades cut the grass at different heights.
The recommended tire pressure is 0.6 bar / 8.5 PSI on
all wheels.
4.7 To attach the cutting deck
1. Park the product on level ground.
2. Apply the parking brake.
3. Set the cutting height lever (A) in the servicing
position.
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4. Set the lift lever (B) for the cutting deck in mow
position.
B
A
5. Push the equipment frame down (A). Lift the
equipment frame lock (B) to vertical position.
A
B
WARNING: The lock mechanism can cause
injury to fingers if you do not operate it
carefully. Put the equipment frame lock in
full vertical position.
6. Put the drive belt as shown to make sure that it does
not get caught and break when the cutting deck is
attached.
7. Push the cutting deck into the equipment frame.
Make sure that the front guide plugs go in the
grooves on the equipment frame.
8. Push the cutting deck in until the rear guide plugs
touch the bottom of the grooves on the equipment
frame. The equipment frame lock releases
automatically.
9. Set the lift lever for the cutting deck in locked
position. The cutting deck lifts.
10. Put the cutting height stay in the hole for the cutting
height stay.
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11. Move the cutting height lever (A) from the servicing
position.
A
12. Put the drive belt around the drive wheels. Make
sure that the drive belt is on the correct side of the
tension wheel.
13. Put the spring in the spring holder.
14. Attach the front cover.
4.8 To remove the cutting deck
1. Park the product on level ground and apply the
parking brake.
2. Set the cutting height lever in the servicing position.
3. Push down the lift lever for the cutting deck to lower
the cutting deck.
4. Release the clip on the front cover with the tool
attached to the ignition key, and lift off the cover.
5. Pull the spring handle out from the spring holder to
loosen the drive belt tension.
6. Put the spring handle hook on the edge of the
equipment frame.
7. Remove the drive belt and put it in the belt holder.
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8. Lift the cutting height stay and put it in the holder for
the cutting height stay.
9. Hold the front edge of the cutting deck with two
hands and pull forward until it stops.
10. Push the equipment frame (A) down. Lift the
equipment frame lock (B) to vertical position.
A
B
WARNING: The lock mechanism can cause
injury to fingers if you do not operate it
carefully. Put the equipment frame lock in
full vertical position. Hold the front edge of
the cutting deck with two hands when you
continue to the next step.
11. Pull the cutting deck out.
4.9 To do a check of the parallelism of the
cutting deck
1. Make sure that the air pressure in the tires is 60 kPa
(0.6 bar / 9.0 PSI).
2. Park the product on a level surface.
3. Lower the cutting deck to mow position.
4. Set the cutting height lever to the middle position.
5. Measure the distance between the ground and the
front and rear edges of the cutting deck. Make sure
that the rear edge is 4–6 mm (1/5″) higher than the
front edge.
4.10 To fill fuel
WARNING: Gasoline is very flammable. Be
careful and refuel outdoors (see Special safety
instructions on page 4 ).
WARNING: Do not use the fuel tank as a
support area.
CAUTION: Incorrect type of fuel can result in
engine damage.
The engine runs on gasoline with a minimum octane
rating of 91 RON (87 AKI), not mixed with oil. We
recommend biodegradable alkylate gasoline. Do not use
gasoline that contains more than 10% ethanol.
• Do a check of the fuel level before each use and
refuel if necessary.
• Do not fully fill the fuel tank. Keep a space of a
minimum 2.5 cm.
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5 Function test
5.1 Operation conditions
These conditions are necessary to start the engine:
• The operator sits in the seat.
• The parking brake is applied.
• The cutting deck is lifted.
The engine must stop in these situations:
• The parking brake is not applied and the operator
lifts from the seat.
• The cutting deck is lowered and the operator lifts
from the seat.
• The cutting deck is lowered, parking brake is not
applied and the operator lifts from the seat.
Try to start the engine without one of the conditions.
Change the conditions and try again. Do this check
daily.
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6 Maintenance
6.1 Maintenance schedule for the workshop
1. PREPARATIONS First serv-
ice
Maintenance interval
in hours
50 100 200
Do a check of the battery. O
Do a check of the blades. O
Make sure that the hydraulic hoses and couplings are clean and not damaged. O
Do a check of the belts and pulleys. O O
Do a check of the steering chain inside the frame tunnel. O
Do a inspection, lubricate and adjust all wires. O
Make sure that all screws and nuts are properly tensioned O
Lubricate the operators seat. O
Lubricate the wheels and blade bearings on the cutting deck. O O
Lubricate the pedals inside the frame tunnel. O
Lubricate the belt tensioner. O
2. ENGINE First serv-
ice
Maintenance interval
in hours
50 100 200
Do a check of the fuel hose. Replace if it is necessary. O
Replace the fuel filter. O
Replace the pre-filter and paper filter in the air filter. Clean O
Clean the engine and the hydrostatic transmission. O
Do a inspection of the cooling fins on the hydrostatic transmission. O
Do a check of the muffler and the heat deflector. O O
Replace the engine oil. Refer to Technical data on page 66 . O O
Replace the engine oil filter. O O
Replace the spark plug. O
Do a check of the lights. O O
Update firmware. O O
Do a check of the battery and charge if it is necessary. O O
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3. TRANSMISSION, CONTROLS AND DRIVE SYSTEM First serv-
ice
Maintenance interval
in hours
50 100 200
Do a check of/adjust front and rear wheel speed, AWD models only O O
Do a check of the oil in the transmission and fill if it is necessary. Refer to To do
a check of the transmission oil level on page 32 .O
Make sure that the tire pressure is correct. Refer to Wheels on page 9 . O O
Examine and adjust the parking brake. O O
Replace oil filter in the transmission. O O
Replace the spin-on filter of the servo. O O
Replace the oil in the transmission. Refer to To replace the oil in the front and
rear hydrostatic transmissions on page 42 .O O
4. CUTTING EQUIPMENT First serv-
ice
Maintenance interval
in hours
50 100 200
Clean the outer and inner surfaces of the cutting deck and the cutting deck cov-
ers. O O
Do a check of and adjust the cutting height. O O
Do a check of and adjust the parallelism of the cutting deck. O O
5. FINAL INSPECTION AND DOCUMENTATION First serv-
ice
Maintenance interval
in hours
50 100 200
Do a check of and adjust the engine speed, rpm. Refer to Technical data on
page 66 .O O
Make sure that the product do not move in neutral position. O O
Do a check of the forward drive and the rearward drive on different speeds. O O
Do a check of the blade engagement, seat, lift and forward drive/brake. O O
Do a check of the collecting system, when aplicable. O O
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7 Servicing tools
7.1 Servicing tools
8
7
6
5
2
3
1
4
1 Optical tachometer 502 28 80-01
2 Adjustment tool for wheel speed 578 92 62-01
3 Counterhold – Belt pulley 506 89 92-01
4 Pin punch kit 535 41 32-01
5 Puller – Belt pulley 506 66 48-01
6 Battery charger (EU) 580 35 52-01
7 Tachometer 502 71 14-01
8 Tool for center spring 506 89 93-01
7.2 Optical tachometer
7.2.1 Laser safety
WARNING: The optical tachometer is a class 1
laser product. Read the warning instructions
that follow before you use it.
• Be careful when the laser beam is on.
• Do not look into the laser beam.
• Do not point the laser beam at shiny surfaces. It can
make a reflection into your eyes.
• Do not point the laser beam at the eyes of a person
or animal.
• Do not point the laser beam at explosive gases.
7.2.2 To measure rpm with tachometer
Attach more than one piece of tape on the surface to get
the accurate result when measuring at low speed. Put
the tape with the same distance between the pieces.
Then divide the read value with the number of tape
pieces to get the accurate rpm.
1. Make sure the area of reflection is smaller than the
area without reflection. If the object to be measured
is shiny. Put black tape or black paint on the
measured surface before the reflection tape is
attached.
2. Clean the surface to be measured before attaching
the reflection tape.
3. Put a small piece of reflection tape (approximately
1x1 cm) on the object to be measured.
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4. Put the switch to the RPM position for measuring
rpm or TOT for measuring the number of
revolutions.
5. Press and hold the measuring button on the side of
the instrument. Point the measuring laser beam at
the object and the reflection tape. The display
automatically illuminate after 1-2 seconds.
6. Release the measuring button to stop the measuring
procedure.
7.2.3 To read the tachometer values
The tachometer automatically saves the last, highest
and lowest values for the measure while the button is
pressed.
• Press and hold the memory button (MEM) to see the
saved results. The value is shown on the display
after 1-2 seconds.
a) The first push on the memory button shows the
last value, identified with "LA" on the display.
b) The second push on the memory button shows
the highest value, identified with "UP" on the
display.
c) The third push on the memory button shows the
lowest value, identified with "DN" on the display.
7.2.4 Maintenance of the tachometer
• Clean the tachometer with a soft, moist cloth.
• Do not use solvent for cleaning.
• Do not put the tachometer into water or other liquids.
• Keep the tachometer from sunlight, high
temperature and dirt.
• Do not cause mechanical chock to the tachometer.
• Remove the batteries if the tachometer is not used
for long periods.
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8 Function overview
8.1 Product overview
1 3 4
1116 121314151819 17
5 6 7 8 9 102
1. Forward pedal
2. Rearward pedal
3. Display
4. Lift lever for the cutting deck
5. Cutting height lever
6. Ignition lock / Headlight switch
7. Throttle control
8. Choke control
9. 12 V power outlet
10. Switch for high beam light
11. Lever to engage or disengage the transmission on
the rear axle.
12. Battery
13. Cover lock
14. Fuel tank cap
15. Type plate with a scannable code
16. Lever to engage or disengage the transmission on
the front axle on AWD products.
17. Steering wheel adjustment
18. Lock button for parking brake
19. Parking brake pedal
8.2 Serial numbers on the product
The engine serial number (A) is found on the left side of
the engine.
The transmission serial number (B) is found behind the
wheels on the left side of the product.
The product serial number (C) is found on the printed
type plate at the front below the seat. The type plate
gives the designation, the type number from the
manufacturer and the serial number (s/n) of the product.
The type designation and serial number are necessary
to complete an order for spare parts.
A
C
B
B
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8.3 Engine
The product has an air-cooled engine from Briggs &
Stratton or Kawasaki. Information about engine repairs
is not given in the workshop manual. Refer to the engine
manual supplied by the engine manufacturer.
8.4 Hydraulic system
All AWD products have hydrostatic transmission.
Forward and rearward pedals adjust the speed. AWD
products have permanent four-wheel drive, no
differential lock is necessary. The integrated hydraulic
pump in the rear transmission supplies oil to the central
steering unit and the front and rear transmissions.
Cables from the forward and rearward pedals operate
the hydraulic pump.
The hydraulic oil filter is found in the rear section of the
rear transmission. The hydraulic tank is found above the
rear transmission.
The illustration shows the front transmission from above.
The transmission contains a hydraulic motor, a
differential and a drive shaft. To move the product
without the front transmission operation engaged there
is a mechanical bypass valve. The bypass valve is
operated with a lever adjacent to the front left wheel.
The bypass valve must be closed during operation. If the
bypass valve is open, the oil drains from the
transmission.
The hydraulic oil in the front transmission is drained
through 2 plugs on the bottom of the front transmission.
The illustration shows the rear transmission from above.
To move the product without the rear transmission
operation engaged there is a hydraulic bypass valve.
The bypass valve is operated with a control behind the
rear left wheel.
The hydraulic oil in the rear transmission is drained
through 2 plugs on the bottom of the rear transmission.
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One plug drains the hydraulic motor and the other plug
drains the differential.
8.5 Steering
The product has articulated steering. Movement from
the steering wheel is transmitted to the rear axle through
a chain and wires.
The turning radius with articulated steering is very small.
Diagram of articulated steering function.
Diagram of articulated steering in products with power
steering.
8.6 Cutting deck
The product cuts satisfactorily in small spaces because
of the front attached cutting deck.
The Combi Deck operates with BioClip or rear
discharge. When the BioClip plug is removed, the
cutting deck ejects the grass rearward.
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