Hypex Electronics DLCP User manual

Hypex Electronics BV
Kattegat 8
9723 JP Groningen, The Netherlands
[phone]
[e-mail]
www.hypex.nl
User Manual R3
Digital Loudspeaker Cross-over Platform
(DLCP)

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Table of contents
Table of contents............................................................................................................................................. 2
1 Product description..................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Type remarks ...................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Highlights......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Features............................................................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Applications .....................................................................................................................................4
1.5 Connections .....................................................................................................................................5
2 System information................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Description .......................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Brief audio performance data ........................................................................................................ 6
2.3 Recommended Operating Conditions ...........................................................................................7
2.4 Hardware Architecture....................................................................................................................7
2.4.1 Analogue input ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.4.2 Digital input ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.4.3 Digital output........................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.4 DSP............................................................................................................................................7
2.4.5 Microcontroller......................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Add-ons ............................................................................................................................................ 8
2.5.1 DLCP Input board..................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.2 DLCP Control board ...............................................................................................................11
3 Product overview ....................................................................................................................................13
3.1 DLCP setups ...................................................................................................................................13
3.1.1 Example 1: DLCP as preamplifier .........................................................................................13
3.1.2 Example 2: DLCP as active loudspeaker filter.....................................................................14
3.2 Application notes...........................................................................................................................15
4 Hypex Filter Design ................................................................................................................................16
4.1 Target response .............................................................................................................................16
4.2 Driver correction ............................................................................................................................16
4.3 Crossover design ...........................................................................................................................16
4.4 Software installation.....................................................................................................................16
4.5 Control panel..................................................................................................................................17
4.5.1 Input options..........................................................................................................................17
4.6 Filter design....................................................................................................................................18
4.6.1 Graph Area .............................................................................................................................19
4.6.2 Filter Definition Area .............................................................................................................19
4.6.3 Settings window ....................................................................................................................20
4.6.4 Link Channels window...........................................................................................................20
4.6.5 DLCP options window............................................................................................................21
4.6.6 Work flow................................................................................................................................21
4.6.7 Designing filters.....................................................................................................................23
4.6.8 Download................................................................................................................................23
4.6.9 Save files.................................................................................................................................23
4.7 Firmware update............................................................................................................................24
4.7.1 DLCP........................................................................................................................................24
4.7.2 Control board .........................................................................................................................24
4.8 Filter example ................................................................................................................................25
4.8.1 The substrate .........................................................................................................................25
4.8.2 The filters ...............................................................................................................................25
4.8.3 Result......................................................................................................................................26
5 Dimensions .............................................................................................................................................28
5.1 DLCP................................................................................................................................................28
5.2 DLCP input board...........................................................................................................................29
5.3 DLCP control board........................................................................................................................29
6 Revision History .....................................................................................................................................30

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1Product description
1.1 Type remarks
The purpose of this manual is to describe the functionality and contents of the Hypex Digital loud-
speaker cross-over Platform (DLCP) from Hypex. This document includes instructions for operating
the board and descriptions of the hardware features. For more detailed information on connectors
and specifications one should read the datasheet.
Before reading this manual, make sure you have the latest version. The latest version can be found
at www.hypex.nl
1.2 Highlights
Fully user customized filtering
Great audio performance
Field updatable firmware
Current-mode serial I/F
USB audio
Dimensions only: 110mm x 110mm x 30mm
Low weight: 140g
1.3 Features
Compact design
Personal Computer controlled
Input sample rates up to 192kHz
Analogue and digital inputs
Digital balanced audio loop-through
Low-jitter discrete clock oscillator
Balanced audio in and out
Six channel active filtering
Fully user-configurable filters
Firmware updateable by USB
Separate Clock and Data Paths
Six user configurable analogue balanced outputs
High-Level outputs permit direct interface with NC400/
buffered UcD™ ST and HG power amplifiers
Analogue input gain trim
9 local DAC regulators
IIR filtering
Use only a version 2.8 or higher of the Hypex Filter Design program! In earlier versions the DLCP
is not yet implemented.
-Static electricity can cause damage to this product.
-The first time the DLCP is used all biquads are zero, so there are no filters installed.
Connecting any speakers and audio input at this point may cause some damage to
them.
-Take notice on what changes you make, to prevent a setup which can damage your
speakers!
-After updating the firmware please use the combining PC software downloaded from
our website, www.hypex.nl
-
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96kHz sampling rate
Can be used as a digital pre amplifier
Stand-by mode
On board Molex® Microfit® output connectors
Connector for external Led.
Optional control board with IR receiver for IR control, LCD display and buttons
Optional input board to increase the number of analogue stereo inputs to 4
Link communication (only with two or more modules and in combination with a controller)
1.4 Applications
High-end consumer audio
Digital pre amplifier
Active speakers up to six-way
Three-way stereo active system
PA Systems
Studio Monitors
With 2 modules it is also possible to set up an:
Active 12-channel system
Active 6-way stereo system
Setups are further explained in the “Product overview” chapter.

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1.5 Connections
Figure 1
Overview of the connectors on the DLCP
Name Function
J1 Analogue audio output header (contains all audio outputs from J10-J15)
J2 Analogue/Digital audio in and digital output header
J3 I/O connector (USB, Relay, Control)
J4 DLCP SMPS power supply connector (Do not use when a Hypex SMPS module auxiliary
output is connected with J16)
J5 Gain adjust header analogue left input
J8 Gain adjust header analogue right input
J17 Standby supply connector
J10 Analogue audio output ch1
J11 Analogue audio output ch2
J12 Analogue audio output ch3
J13 Analogue audio output ch4
J14 Analogue audio output ch5
J15 Analogue audio output ch6
J16 Power Supply connector Hypex SMPS (Do not use when J4 is connected to another supply)
J7 LED connector
J6 Microcontroller & DSP programmer connector, not used by user
JP5 Jumpers for programming or normal operation, not used by user

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2System information
Figure 2
2.1 Description
The “DLCP” is a complete hardware/firmware platform for digitally filtered and corrected active mul-
tiway loudspeakers. Digital response correction allows significant extra degrees of freedom in the
acoustic design of a loudspeaker. Driver parameters can be selected for best efficiency and distortion
instead of electrical damping, and the cabinet can now be fully optimized for radiation pattern. Figu-
re 2 is a schematic representation of the DLCP.
A PC can control the DLCP through USB. This connection is used to upload the configuration and
filter settings, USB-audio can also be send thru the same cable. It is also possible to update the
firmware through USB.
Optional remote control is effected through a 4mA optically isolated current-mode serial link.
All signal processing, including volume control, is done using the on-board DSP (digital signal pro-
cessor). The module has six Molex® Microfit® audio outputs, which can be used to connect NC400 /
buffered UcD™ ST and HG modules. The supply can be provided by the new DLCP SMPS or the auxilia-
ry output of a Hypex Switched Mode Power Supply module. The DLCP can go into standby mode and
shut down the power supply, when an external standby voltage is applied and a controlboard is pre-
sent. You can create a chain of DLCP’s (up to 6!) to increase the number of DSP filtered channels.
2.2 Brief audio performance data
MBW=20kHz (20Hz-20Khz), unweighted, all filters set to unity, unless otherwise noted
Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Notes
Input level
1)
V
IN
24.25
dBu
Gain adjust 0dB
17.95 Gain adjust +6dB
12 Gain adjust +12dB
9 Gain adjust +15dB
Output level V
OUT
2.59 V 0 dBFS
DSP sampling rate Fs 93.75 kHz
ADC sampling rate Fs 93.75 kHz
Supported digital sampling rates Fs 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96,
192
kHz All input rates con-
verted to 93.75kHz
Note 1: See J5/J8 in Connections

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2.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Notes
Supply voltage 15.5
1)
18 26
2)
Vdc Positive and negative sup-
ply voltage
Note 1: Unit shuts down when the positive rail drops below 15V.
Note 2: Especially on high supply voltages; make sure there’s enough airflow to cool the regulators.
2.4 Hardware Architecture
2.4.1 Analogue input
The DLCP has two (stereo) analogue balanced audio inputs. The analogue input signal is buffered
and amplified by a single-stage, fully differential programmable gain amplifier and then converted to
digital by the ADC. The ADC is always directly clocked by the on-board oscillator, a low noise Colpitts
oscillator with a locally regulated supply, causing less jitter. After the analogue to digital conversion
the signal is processed by the DSP.
2.4.2 Digital input
The DLCP contains four separate digital inputs, permitting the use of different interconnection
standards (AES/EBU and S/PDIF). Optimal clock quality is insured by routing the clock through sepa-
rate IC’s from the data signals, and by local regulation of all supplies on the AES input circuit.
Incoming AES / S/PDIF is send to the DSP through an asynchronous sample rate converter (ASRC) to
reduce jitter.
When the input is set to “Auto detect”, the ASRC chip scans its inputs for whichever digital signal is
present. The input source is automatically switched to digital when present, using the priority de-
scribed below. If the digital audio source is removed, the input will be automatically switched back
the last chosen analogue input.
Auto detect input priority high to low:
1) AES
2) SPDIF
3) USB_audio
4) Optical
2.4.3 Digital output
The DLCP contains two separate digital outputs, AES/EBU and S/PDIF. The selected digital input is
directly send to both digital outputs. (Without filtering)
2.4.4 DSP
The DSP filtering can be changed by Hypex Filter Design (HFD) software. The digital outputs from the
DSP are fed to the DACs. The DAC chip receives data from the DSP and clock either from the crystal
oscillator or from the digital input section. The digital signal is then converted to analogue by the
DAC. The post filter is executed twice, providing a balanced load to the DAC and delivering a high
output level to the power amplifier.
2.4.5 Microcontroller
A microcontroller controls the DSP and other ICs and I/O’s on the PCB, communicates with the con-
trol board, PC and/or other DLCP’s that may be attached. When the module is powered on it will au-
tomatically start up with the last settings. All settings, like volume and source selection, are stored
after a change is made.

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2.5 Add-ons
2.5.1 DLCP Input board
Figure 3
The DLCP can be used as a digital pre amplifier when the optional “DLCP input board” is bought. This
input board can be connected to the DLCP with only 2 flat cables. You can increase the number of
analogue inputs to 4 balanced stereo analogue inputs. It has four digital inputs; USB audio, AES
(XLR/RJ45
1
), S/PDIF and Optical in. It has two digital outputs; AES (XLR/ RJ45
1
) and S/PDIF.
It’s possible to connect two DLCP’s with only one input board. J5/J5B can be used to connect the
third DLCP, or the second DLCP if it’s not in the same case. The control and digital outputs of the first
DLCP (connected to J2/J3) and analogue inputs are linked trough the inputs of the second DLCP
(connected to J2B/J3B). Three or more DLCP modules can be connected together with a straight
through (8-wire) cat5 cable with RJ45 connectors. The bus is specified and tested for cables up to 10
meter.
Note 1: Switchable on PCB. See “Settings” for information about the right positioning of the switch-
es.
2.5.1.1 Connections
Figure 4
Name Function
J1 Mounting block
S1 USB switch (switch between DLCP 1, J3 / DLCP 2, J3B)
J6 USB connector
J4 Control in (If this connector is used, don’t use J4B)
4)
J4B Control in (If this connector is used, don’t use J4)
4)
J5 Control out (If this connector is used, don’t use J5B)
4)
J5B Control out (If this connector is used, don’t use J5)
4)
J8 Digital AES/EBU input
1)
J9 Digital AES/EBU output
2)
J18 Digital optical input
J7 Digital S/PDIF in- and output
3)
(red=input, white=output)
J10 Analogue 1 left input
J11 Analogue 1 right input
J12 Analogue 2 left input
J13 Analogue 2 right input
J14 Analogue 3 left input
J15 Analogue 3 right input
J16 Analogue 4 left input
J17 Analogue 4 right input
J2 Analogue/Digital audio in and digital output header

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J2B Analogue/Digital audio in and digital output header for optional second DLCP
J3 I/O connector (USB, Relay, Control)
J3B I/O connector (USB, Relay, Control) for optional second DLCP
S2 AES in select (J8 or J4)
S3 AES out select (from DLCP1, J2 / DLCP2, J2B)
S4 AES out select (output S3 to J9 or J5)
S5 Control out select (DLCP1 or DLCP2)
S6 Last select
S7 S/PDIF out select (from DLCP1 or DLCP2)
J19 For future use
J20 For future use
J21 For future use
J22 For future use
Note 1: Set S2 in right position.
Note 2: Set S3 and S4 in right position.
Note 3: Set S7 in right position.
Note 3: Set S5 and S6 in right position.
2.5.1.2 Break lines
It’s possible to remove the last 1 or 2 analogue inputs to reduce the length of the input board. It’s
impossible to undo this action!
The break lines are marked with the red lines.
Figure 5

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2.5.1.3 Settings
Figure 6
S2:
S2 selects the AES input for the DLCP connected to J2/J3, set in the position shown in Figure 6 in
order to use the digital XLR input, and other position to use the AES input from the control cable.
S3:
Set the switch in the position in Figure 6 if one DLCP is connected, and other position if there is an-
other DLCP connected to J2B/J3B.
S4:
Set in position shown in Figure 6 to use J9 as digital XLR output or in the other position to send the
digital signal thru the control cable, this can save cabling when using the AES as input in combina-
tion with more input boards.
S1:
Set in down position to connect the USB cable to DLCP 1 (connected to J2/J3), set in the up position
to control DLCP 2 (connected to J2B/J3B).
S7:
This switch selects the source for the cinch digital output
(J7 white). Set the switch in the position shown in Figure 7
if one DLCP is connected, set in the other position if there is
another DLCP connected to J2B/J3B.
S5, S6:
Set S5 in the position as shown in Figure 8 if one DLCP is
connected, set in the other position if there is another DLCP
connected to J2B/J3B.
Set S6 in the position as shown in Figure 8 if this input
board contains the last DLCP in the chain. In this way the
last DLCP sends it control output back to the DLCP control,
to make a loop. Set S6 in the other position if there is an-
other DLCP connected to J5B/J5B.
Figure
7
Figure
8

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2.5.2 DLCP Control board
Figure 9
The serial interface permits control of volume, channel assignment, and input selection, without the
need of an USB connection. This control board can be connected to the input board described above
with only one straight through (8-wire) cat5 cable with RJ45 connectors (max. 10 meter).
This controller board contains a LCD display which shows the settings and contains an IR receiver for
an IR remote controller. The IR remote (not included) can control volume, mute, input and power.
When 2 or more DLCP modules are used, only one control panel is needed.
2.5.2.1 Connections
Front view
Figure 10
Back view
Figure 11
Name Function
JP1 Display
J2 IR receiver
S6 Left button
S4 Select button
S1 Right button
S5 Up button
S3 Down button
S2 On/Off button
J1 Control out (connect to J4/J4B on DLCP input board)
J12 For future use
J3 Programming connector, not used by user
R10 Display contrast adjust

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2.5.2.2 Menu structure
On power-up the controller receives
the source, volume and power infor-
mation of the first DLCP in the chain.
These settings will overrule the set-
tings of the other DLCP’s in the chain.
The controller keeps the volume,
source, power and mute settings equal
for all the DLCP’s in the chain. The
sources for the output channels can be
different for each DLCP. (e.g. to use all
six channels on the first DLCP for the
left loudspeaker, and the second DLCP
for the right loudspeaker)
If the input is set to USB audio, then
the input of the other DLCP’s in the
chain can be chosen in the DLCP x set-
up menu. The source for the other
DLCP’s in the chain can be set to
S/PDIF or CAT/AES (changeable in
hardware by J2 on the input board)
Figure
12

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3Product overview
Before you can use the DLCP in your particular setup you first have to set the right settings (hard-
ware and software). This chapter describes the hardware part, where chapter 4 describes the soft-
ware part.
3.1 DLCP setups
The DLCP can be used in many ways, therefore it’s not possible to describe all options. (Please e-mail
to [email protected] if you have questions about your particular setup.)
3.1.1 Example 1: DLCP as preamplifier
In combination with the optional DLCP input board with relays, and control board, the DLCP can be
used as a high-end active pre amplifier. This example doesn’t use the dedicated SMPS DLCP.
Figure 13
The DLCP can be connected to the input board with two flat cables. J2 on the input board must be
connected to J2 on the DLCP (Analogue / Digital Input). J3 on the input board must be connected to
J3 on the DLCP (I/O).
The DLCP Control can be connected to J4B on the input board (to keep the wire internal). The supply
can be connected to the DLCP with J16 or J4, only V+/GND/V- must be present.
Optional the standby voltage can be applied to J17, please use the supply standby pin to shut down
the main supply in order to use the standby mode.
The amplifiers can be connected to J1 or J10-J15 (preferably). Optional an external LED can be con-
nected to J7 to indicate the power on/off state.

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3.1.2 Example 2: DLCP as active loudspeaker filter
It’s possible to use the DLCP as an active filter so you can build an active speaker. It’s possible to
work without the Hypex DLCP input board to keep it as small as possible. Then you will have to make
your own adapters. This example doesn’t use the dedicated SMPS DLCP.
Figure 14
The hardware setup looks quite similar to the pre amplifier setup. Although the software settings
may be slightly different.

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3.2 Application notes
The DLCP has to be placed in an enclosure with enough airflow. Please mount the DLCP with spacers
on a solid surface. All four mounting holes are connected to ground with a 100nF capacitor. Connect
them all to chassis with a metal spacer for optimum EMI performance.
Please use the amp_enable pin to guarantee a pop-free startup and shut down of the connected am-
plifier.
Please use the XLR input balanced, even if the source is unbalanced. For more information how to
benefit of a balanced connection, even with an unbalanced source, please see this document;
http://www.hypex.nl/docs/wiring.pdf
And
Chapter 12 of:
http://www.hypex.nl/docs/NC400_datasheet.pdf

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4Hypex Filter Design
After setting the right hardware settings, you’ll have to configure the software side. This is done by
pc software, called Hypex DSP filter design. Please do not connect any speakers to your system yet!
4.1 Target response
To target a linear phase response from a loudspeaker may not always be optimal. When the phase
response of a system is perfectly linear and the amplitude response still has minor ripples on it,
these ripples translate equally to time responses before and after the central impulse. Psychoacous-
tic masking of pre-echos is orders of magnitude less than masking of post-echos.
If a minimum phase response is targeted, no energy will be produced before the impulse. This ex-
plains the paradox that listeners often report a minimum phase loudspeaker to have a “tighter im-
pulse response” than a linear phase one.
4.2 Driver correction
Loudspeaker units are minimum phase systems. That is, minus any acoustical delay the phase and
log magnitude characteristics are eachother’s Hilbert transform. One property of minimum phase
systems is that all zeros lie on the left half plane (s domain) or inside the unit circle (z domain). The
poles always do, of course. Thus all poles and zeros can be canceled using IIR filters. FIR filters are
not needed to equalize the drivers’s phase response. The phase response gets automatically equal-
ized as the magnitude response is corrected using minimum-phase EQ. A consideration to be made
is whether to iron out every last wrinkle or how much roughness is still permissible in the response.
One should realize that narrow bumps and troughs in the frequency domain correspond to responses
long after the main event in the time domain, usually reflections that change markedly with speaker
and listener positioning excessive correction of the on-axis response is guaranteed to make the off-
axis response much worse.
4.3 Crossover design
A common practice in DSP based loudspeakers is to fit the acoustic response of individual drivers to
a linear phase high pass/low pass response. Unless the listener is exactly on-axis and in an anechoic
room, the pre-ringing of both responses will not cancel perfectly. Because of this, it may be more
productive to optimize only the sum, not the individual driver response. Here too, IIR filters are a
more natural choice than the seemingly obvious FIR filter.
4.4 Software installation
System requirements:
•Pentium class or higher
•64MB RAM
•USB1.0 or higher
Tested on Windows XP and Vista
All files are compressed in the setup.zip file. This zip file contains 1 DLL file for communication and
an .EXE file, which represents the Hypex DSP filter design program.
1. Unzip the setup.zip file on your hard disk
2. Open the “Hypex filter design.EXE” by double clicking the file

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4.5 Control panel
Now the program is ready for use. You see the following window,
called the control panel. (Figure 15)
When the program is running, connect the powered DLCP to
your pc by the USB cable. Windows will automatically detect
and install the DLCP and the USB audio device (HID-devices).
When the installation is done the connection light will turn
green and a popup appears with the text: DLCP connected. You
can also manually make a connection by the “connect” button,
on the bottom right of the control panel.
You can adapt the settings of the module real time through USB.
On the left side in the control panel, you will see the Force-
input and active input groups. This shows you the settings
of the audio inputs and lets you control these inputs.
Audio can be provided analogue and digital. The selection of any of these inputs can be done auto-
matically with the “auto detect” option. The first digital input that contains any valid audio is select-
ed and becomes the new input source. When the module selects one of the inputs this is shown by
the active input lights.
The last thing that can be controlled in this window is volume/mute. This can be done by setting the
scrollbar to a desired position or by typing the value in the volume field, the value is send when
pressed “enter”. All of the configurations made here will be redirected from the current module to
any other connected DLCP’s, when a control board is present. So there is no need to connect the
slave module to the pc to change these settings.
4.5.1 Input options
Under Tools-Input options you can change the number of
analogue inputs (when you’ve made your own input
board, or removed some from the Hypex Input board).
When you use the default input board from Hypex, just
leave it at four. Besides this you’re able to change the
input sensitivity of the analogue inputs to match the full-
scale output of your analogue source. This helps prevent
annoying loudness jumps when switching between
sources.
Figure
15
Figure
16

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4.6 Filter design
When you want to make some filters for your module they
can be designed in the “Filter design”. Under view there can
be switched between the control panel and the filter design
window. The following pages will give you a widespread
instruction of the possibilities of the program. Please take
a look in the help file of Filter design, before contacting
support.
Figure 18
Figure
17

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4.6.1 Graph Area
The magnitude tab shows the imported driver responses, filters, individual biquads, individual fil-
tered driver responses and the sum.
Colour
Function
Pink, thin Measured Ch6 response
Grey, thin Measured Ch5 response
Brown, thin Measured Ch4 response
Blue, thin
Measured woofer response
Green, thin
Measured midrange response
Red. thin
Measured tweeter response
Pink, thick Filtered Ch6 response
Grey, thick Filtered Ch5 response
Brown, thick Filtered Ch4 response
Blue, thick
Filtered woofer/Ch3 response
Green, thick
Filtered midrange/Ch2 response
Red, thick
Filtered tweeter/Ch1 response
Light blue, thick
Response of filter, selected channel only
Orange, thick
Respon
se of selected biquad
Black, thick
Sum response
Having all of these on at the same time quickly produces an intractable mess so these graphs can be
separately enabled or disabled in the filter definition area.
The impulse or step tabs show the time domain response of the imported drivers and the sum re-
sponse, and are used to demarcate the anechoic portion.
4.6.2 Filter Definition Area
The channel tabs, are functionally identical. The top left frame is used to import response files. The
“select” button opens a file. The “show” checkbox turns display of the measured graph on or off. The
Common Settings box controls global gain (for each channel), delay, and the visibility of plots.
The amplified channels have up to 15 biquads, selected using the “Biquad Section” radio buttons in
the middle. To the right is a settings area specific to the type of function selected. Unused biquads
are set to unity.
The selected biquad is edited by selecting a function and setting relevant parameters.
The delay has a maximum value of 10000us for each channel. Distance is calculated by sound
speed/delay=distance, maximum distance is therefore 340,29meters*0,01secondes=340,29cm.
Note that the minimum step-size is 0,363cm cause the sample rate of 93750.

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4.6.3 Settings window
Figure 19
The settings window is under Tools > Options > Settings
Measurement sampling rate sets the sample rate used in the imported response files (typically
48kHz). Processor sampling rate is that of the Hypex DSP hardware. Note that this setting does not
control the sampling rate of the hardware. Rather, it informs the filter design application of what
that sampling rate is.
4.6.4 Link Channels window
Figure 20
The link channels window is under Tools > Options > Link channels
Channels can be linked to decrease the time spend in setting the right filters for different channels.