Behringer Ultra-dyne Pro DSP9024 User manual

Version 1.1 December 2001
User’s Manual
www.behringer.com
ULTRA-DYNE®PRO
DSP9024
ENGLISH

2
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
This symbol, wherever it appears,
alerts you to the presence of
uninsulateddangerous voltageinside
the enclosure—voltage that may be
sufficient to constitute a risk of shock.
This symbol, wherever it appears, alerts
you to important operating and mainte-
nance instructions in the accompanying
literature.Read the manual.
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
CAUTION: To reducethe risk of electrical shock, do not remove
the cover (or back). No user serviceable parts in-
side; refer servicing to qualified personnel.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electrical shock, do not
expose this appliance to rain or moisture.
DETAILED SAFETYINSTRUCTIONS:
All the safety and operation instructions should be read before the appliance is operated.
Retain Instructions:
The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference.
Heed Warnings:
All warnings on the appliance and in the operating instructions should be adhered to.
Follow instructions:
Alloperation and user instructions should be followed.
Water and Moisture:
The appliance should not be used near water (e.g. near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a
wet basement, or near a swimming pool etc.).
Ventilation:
The appliance should be situated so that its location or position does not interfere with its proper ventilaton.
For example, the appliance should not be situated on a bed, sofa rug, or similar surface that may block the
ventilation openings, or placed in a built-in installation, such as a bookcase or cabinet that may impede the
flowof air throughthe ventilation openings.
Heat:
The appliance should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other
appliance (including amplifiers) that produce heat.
Power Source:
Theappliance shouldbe connectedto apower supply only of the type described in the operating instructions
or as marked on the appliance.
Grounding or Polarization:
Precautions should be taken so that the grounding or polarization means of an appliance is not defeated.
Power-Cord Protection:
Power supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed
upon or against them, paying particular attention to cords and plugs, convenience receptacles and the point
where they exit from the appliance.
Cleaning:
The appliance should be cleaned only as recommended by the manufacturer.
Non-use Periods:
The power cord of the appliance should be unplugged from the outlet when left unused for a long period of
time.
Object and Liquid Entry:
Careshouldbe takensothat objectsdo not falland liquids arenot spilled intothe enclosure throughopenings.
Damage Requiring Service:
The appliance should be serviced by qualified service personnel when:
- The power supply cord or the plug has been damaged; or
- Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled into the appliance; or
- The appliance has been exposed to rain; or
- The appliance does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance; or
- The appliance has been dropped, or the enclosure damaged.
Servicing:
The user should not attempt to service the appliance beyond that is described in the Operating Instructions.
All other servicing should be referred to qualifield service personnel.

3
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
FOREWORD
DearCustomer,
Welcome to the team of ULTRA-DYNE PRO users and thank you very much for expressing your confidence
in BEHRINGER products by purchasing this unit.It is one of my most pleasant tasks to write this preface for
you, because it is the culmination of many months of hard work on the part of our engineering team to reach
avery ambitiousgoal:to present anoutstanding device,which dueto itsflexibility is suitable for deploymentin
studios and PA rental companies, as well as discotheques and clubs.The task of developing our new
ULTRA-DYNEPRO certainlymeant a great deal of responsibility, whichwe assumedby focusingon you,the
discerning user and musician. It also meant a lot of work and night shifts to accomplish this goal. But it was
fun, too. Developing a product always brings a lot of people together, and what a great feeling it is when
everybody who participated in such a project can be proud of what they've achieved.
It is our philosophy to share our joy with you, because you are the most important member of our team.
You've contributed greatly to shaping our company and making it successful with your highly competent
suggestions for new products. In return, we guarantee you uncompromising quality (manufactured under an
ISO9000 certified management system) as well as excellent technical and audio properties at an extremely
favorable price. All of this will enable you to fully unfold your creativity without being hampered by budget
constraints.
We are often asked how we can produce such high-grade devices at such unbelievably low prices. The
answer is quite simple: it's you, our customers! Many satisfied customers means high sales volumes, en-
ablingus toget betterterms ofpurchase forcomponents, etc.Isn't itonly fairto passthis benefitback toyou?
We know that your success is our success, too!
I would like to thank everyone whose help on the ULTRA-DYNE PRO project made it all possible. Everyone
involvedmade verypersonal contributions,starting fromthe designersof the unit, to the many staff members
in our company, to you, the user of BEHRINGER products.
Myfriends, it'sbeen worththe effort!
Thankyou very much,
UliBehringer

4
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
DSP9024
ULTRA-DYNE PROULTRA-DYNE PRO
ULTRA-DYNE PROULTRA-DYNE PRO
ULTRA-DYNE PRO
Ultra-high performance Digital Stereo Mainframe powered by two 24-bit High-Speed Signal Processor
VHigh-end 24-bit AD/DA converters for ultra-high dynamic range and resolution of detail with selectable
Sampling Rate of 44.1 or 48 kHz
VUltimate6-way Multiband DynamicsProcessor for analogand digitalMasteringand SoundReinforcement
systems
V6-Band Compressor with separate Peak Limiter section for “inaudible” compression. No side-effects,
such as “bass pumping” etc.
V6-BandGate withadjustable threshold,hold time, release time and peak width
VULTRAMIZER®automaticallyadjustsoutput level andsignal density formaximumperceived loudness
VVIRTUOSO®functionfor super-easy,program-dependent and self-learning program setup
V3-BandHarmonics Exciterwith user-definablebalance forodd /even harmonicsand unique“kick” control
VExtremelysophisticated Tube emulationwith selectabletube types (12AX7,12AY7, EL34,EL84) forultra-
warmsound
VInternal 600 msec. Delay enables a “Look Ahead” for intelligent, anticipating processor function
VUltra-accurateLevelPeakMeterwithPeakHoldandselectableReferenceLevels(+4dBu/-10dBV/DigMax)
VFull MIDI parameter and snapshot control allow for real time editing
VFreeULTRA-DYNEsoftware allowsfortotal remote controlviaPC (downloadatwww.behringer.com)
VExtremely versatile presets give you outstanding and instant sound results for numerous standard
applications
V100 settings can be stored under any alphabetic name. Memory backed up by a long life battery
VSecurity Key Password can be installed for programs or unattended use
VOpen-ended and “future-proof” architecture allows for future software upgrades
VExtremely flexible Stereo Link, Band Link & Clone functions
V24-bit AES/EBU Interface for Digital inputs and outputs at 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz (optional)
VLarge high-resolution LCD Graphic Display with high-contrast LED backlight
VServo-balanced inputs and outputs on gold-plated XLR and jack connectors for high signal integrity
VRelay-controlled hard bypass with an auto bypass function during power failure (fail-safe relay)
VHigh-quality components and exceptionally rugged construction ensure long life and durability
VInternal power supply design for professional applications
VManufacturedunderISO9000 certified managementsystem

5
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................7
1.1 Theconcept .................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Beforeyoubegin ............................................................................................................................. 7
1.3 Controlelements............................................................................................................................. 8
2. OPERATION..........................................................................................................................10
2.1 TheULTRA-DYNEPROoperatingconcept.................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 Theprogram level ................................................................................................................ 10
2.1.2 Theeditinglevel .................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.3 Themeterlevel.................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.4 The setuplevel .....................................................................................................................11
2.2 PROCESSmode ...........................................................................................................................11
2.2.1 Editingparameters...............................................................................................................11
2.2.2 Programadministration ........................................................................................................11
2.2.3 Loadingaprogram .............................................................................................................. 12
2.2.4 Savingprograms ................................................................................................................. 12
2.2.5 ActivatingVIRTUOSO ......................................................................................................... 13
2.2.6 Band-specificediting........................................................................................................... 13
2.2.7 TubeSimulation .................................................................................................................. 14
2.3 METERmode ............................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 Advancedlevelmeter .......................................................................................................... 15
2.3.2 Editingin METERmode...................................................................................................... 16
2.4 Setuplevel 1 ................................................................................................................................. 16
2.4.1 Input/outputmenu ............................................................................................................... 16
2.4.2 Bandmenu ......................................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Setuplevel 2 ................................................................................................................................. 18
2.5.1 Globalsetup ....................................................................................................................... 18
2.5.2 MIDIsetup .......................................................................................................................... 20
3. APPLICATIONS .....................................................................................................................20
3.1 Compression/Leveling/Limiting/Clipping......................................................................................... 21
3.2 TheGate section .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.1 Suppressionof crosstalkin multi-channel operation............................................................ 22
3.2.2 Basic settings of the Gate section ...................................................................................... 22
3.2.3 Reductionof crosstalkfrom stagemicrophones .................................................................. 23
3.2.4 Reductionof feedback fromstage microphones .................................................................. 23
3.2.5 Noisereduction ineffects chains......................................................................................... 23
3.2.6 Creativeapplication of the Gate section .............................................................................. 23
3.3 TheCompressor section ............................................................................................................... 23
3.3.1 Basic settings of the Compressor section........................................................................... 25
3.3.2 TheULTRA-DYNEPROasan effectdevice ........................................................................ 25
3.3.3 The"dull" soundof compressors......................................................................................... 25
3.4 TheVIRTUOSOfunction ............................................................................................................... 26
3.5 TheULTRAMIZERfunction ............................................................................................................ 26
3.6 Peak Limiter section ..................................................................................................................... 27
3.6.1 Basic settings of the Peak Limiter section .......................................................................... 27
3.7 Tubesimulation............................................................................................................................. 28
3.7.1 Application.......................................................................................................................... 28
3.8 The Exciterfunction ...................................................................................................................... 28
3.8.1 Audioenhancement duringthe copying process ................................................................. 28
3.8.2 Audioenhancement of instruments ..................................................................................... 28
3.8.3 Audio enhancement of PAsystems .................................................................................... 29
3.9 The ULTRA-DYNEPROin the recordingand copyingfields .......................................................... 29
3.9.1 TheULTRA-DYNEPROfor digitalrecording andsampling .................................................. 29
3.9.2 Masteringwiththe ULTRA-DYNEPRO ............................................................................... 29

6
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
3.10TheULTRA-DYNE PRO asa protectivedevice forsoundsystems ................................................ 30
3.10.1Protecting asystem withpassive crossovers ...................................................................... 31
3.10.2 Protecting a system with active crossovers........................................................................ 31
3.10.3 Audioenhancement ofprocessor-controlled PAsystem ..................................................... 31
3.11The deploymentof theULTRA-DYNEPRO in conjunction with multitrack machines ..................... 31
3.12TheULTRA-DYNEPROin thebroadcastingfield........................................................................... 31
3.12.1 Thedeployment ofthe ULTRA-DYNE PRO in the broadcastingfield................................... 32
3.12.2 Thedeployment ofthe ULTRA-DYNEPRO in telephoneand transmissionlines................. 32
4. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND ..............................................................................................32
4.1 Audiodynamics ............................................................................................................................ 32
4.1.1 Noiseas aphysical phenomenon ....................................................................................... 33
4.1.2 Audiodynamics ..................................................................................................................33
4.1.3 Compressors/limiters .......................................................................................................... 34
4.1.4 Expanders/noisegates ....................................................................................................... 35
4.2 Digitalaudio processing ................................................................................................................ 35
4.2.1 TheAES/EBUand S/PDIFstandards.................................................................................. 36
4.3 Artificialgeneration of harmonics................................................................................................... 37
4.4 Tubetechnology............................................................................................................................ 38
4.5 The structure ofthe ULTRA-DYNEPRO ........................................................................................ 39
5. INSTALLATION .....................................................................................................................39
5.1 Rackmounting.............................................................................................................................. 39
5.2 AC power connection .................................................................................................................... 40
5.3 Analog audio connections ............................................................................................................. 40
5.4 Digitalaudio connectionsperAES/EBU (optional)......................................................................... 41
5.5 MIDIconnections .......................................................................................................................... 41
6. APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................42
6.1 AES8024 ...................................................................................................................................... 42
6.2 Operatingsoftware ........................................................................................................................ 42
6.3 Changingthe memory bufferbattery.............................................................................................. 42
6.4 Inplanning .................................................................................................................................... 42
6.5 MIDIimplementation ..................................................................................................................... 43
7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...........................................................................................44
8. WARRANTY ...........................................................................................................................46

7
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
1. INTRODUCTION
With the BEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNE PRO, you have purchased a fully digital sound processing device
based on DSPs and 24-bit A/D and D/A converters. The high speed DSPs are capable of performing any
process in fractions of a second, the only element governing their performance being the software.
The BEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNE PRO has two channels which can be used independently or coupled via
software.
The following user's manual will introduce you to the BEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNE PRO and its
various functions. After reading the manual carefully, make sure it is always on hand for future
reference.
1.1 The concept
Unlike analog technology with its response speed limitations regarding changes in amplitude, digital signal
processing permits differences in amplitude to be identified in advance using a preliminary signal delay.
Increasing this preliminary delay also increases the potential for the intelligent control. Even “looking ahead”
by only a few samples is sufficient to ensure the intelligent application of dynamic processing – such as
limiting, which ensures an absolutely reliable signal ceiling – without clipping.
The signal delay may make itself unpleasantly noticeable in live use due to the mix of direct and delayed
sound. Very short delay times are thus advisable!
You are probably familiar with the effect of a solo instrument or voice being briefly "swallowed" by a bass
drum beat or a solid bass guitar pulse. This is a typical problem with broad-band compressors and limiters.
The powerful low frequencies generally dictate the overall level of the complete frequency spectrum. When
these high amplitudes exceed the set threshold of the compressor, the compression process is activated,
resulting in a muffled sound when the high frequencies are also attenuated. This problem does not occur
whenusing multibandtechnology asthe lowfrequencies arecontrolled independently,effectively preventing
adverse effects on the other frequency bands. In multiband operation, the program material is divided into
several frequency bands. Unlike broadband units, a separate compressor or limiter is available for each of
thesebands. Thefrequency rangesare merged once again downstream of thesecontrol units.
TheULTRA-DYNE PRObreaks theaudio spectrumdown intosix frequencybands, thusoffering "inaudible",
buthighly effectivecompression. A completely new, intuitiveoperating conceptpermits theeasy modification
ofparameters,eitherfor the individual bands,orglobally.In addition, theULTRA-DYNEPROoffersa Gate with
awide range ofuser-definable parameters,alightning-fast PeakLimiter, Tube Simulationand anExciter. The
ULTRA-DYNEPROalsoincludestheVIRTUOSOandULTRAMIZERfunctionsforprogrammaterialanalysisto
facilitateyourwork, adapting theCompressorparameters quickly andautomaticallyto suit youraudiomaterial.
ThephilosophybehindBEHRINGER products guaranteesano-compromise circuit designandthebest choice
ofcomponents. Top-quality24-bit AD/DA converterswhich belongto thebest components available owing to
their outstanding specifications and excellent sonic characteristics are the heart of the BEHRINGER
ULTRA-DYNE PRO. Two 24-bit DSPs perform the precise calculations needed for the processing of the
complexalgorithms. Additionally,the unituses resistors and capacitors with very tight tolerances, high-grade
integrated circuits and other selected components.
The ULTRA-DYNE PRO DSP 9024 uses SMD (Surface Mounted Device) technology. These subminiature
components known from aerospace technology allow for an extreme packing density and enhance the unit's
reliability.Additionally, theunit ismanufactured incompliance withan ISO9000 certifiedmanagement system.
Fail-safe relays have been incorporated into the design of the BEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNE PRO. These
automatically and silently bypass the unit in the event of power supply disconnection or failure. These relays
arealso active at switch-on to isolate the unitfrom potentially damagingswitch-on thump.
1.2 Before you begin
YourBEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNEPRO wascarefully packedin the factory and the packaging was designed
toprotect theunit fromrough handling.Nevertheless, we recommend that you carefully examine the packag-
ing and its contents for any signs of physical damage which may have occurred in transit.
1. INTRODUCTION

8
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
If the unit is damaged, please do not return it to us, but notify your dealer and the shipping
company immediately, otherwise claims for damage or replacement may not be granted.
The BEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNE PRO fits into two standard 19" rack units of space (3 1/2”). Please allow at
least an additional 4" depth for the connectors on the back panel.
Besurethat there isenoughspace around theunitfor coolingandplease do notplacethe ULTRA-DYNE PRO
onhigh-temperaturedevices such aspoweramplifiers to avoidoverheating.
Please ensure that the ULTRA-DYNE PRO is set to the correct supply voltage before connecting
the unit to the power supply system!
The AC power connection of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO is made using a standard power supply cable and IEC
receptacle. It meets all of the international safety certification requirements.
Please make sure that all units have a proper ground connection. For your own safety, never
remove or disable the ground conductor of the unit or of the AC power cable.
Asstandard, theBEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNEPRO is installed with electronically servo-balanced inputsand
outputs. The circuit design features automatic hum rejection for balanced signals, permitting trouble-free
operation even at the highest operating levels. Externally induced power-line hum, etc. is thus suppressed
effectively.The automaticservo functionrecognizes thepresence of unbalanced connectors and adjusts the
nominallevel internally to avoid level differences between theinput and output signals (6 dBcorrection).
Theoptionaldigitalinputandoutput(AES/EBUinterface)connectionsarebalancedwithanegativeground.High-
qualityconnectorsensureisolated,noise-freesignalthroughput.TheMIDIconnections(IN/OUT/THRU)havebeen
realizedwithstandardizedDINplug-inconnectors.Optocouplershavebeenusedforisolateddatacommunications.
1.3 Control elements
Fig.1.1: TheULTRA-DYNEPRO front panel
Thefrontpanel of theULTRA-DYNEPRO is equippedwithfour mode keys,foursoftkeys, four cursorkeysand
a MIDI monitor LED. Status information is displayed on the backlit 240 x 64 panel.
Fig. 1.2: The front panel controls
1
Press the PROCESS key to quickly and conveniently access all of the unit's major program functions
viavirtualfaders.
1. INTRODUCTION

9
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
Thispermitsyouto call up,saveandedit programs withease.TheULTRA-DYNE PRO's factory presets
areasolidfoundationforavarietyofapplications.TheautomaticVIRTUOSOandULTRAMIZERfunctions
permit the convenient customization of these applications to suit your audio material. The first setup
level provides global access to the parameters of all bands simultaneously, while the second permits
themanual adjustment ofband-specific controls. Hereyou willalsofind ascreen for accessto the Tube
and Exciter functions.
2
PresstheMETERkeyforamultipleleveldisplaywiththelevelsoftheindividualbands,aswellasthoseofthe
inputandoutputsignals.Inaddition,therespectiveleveldifferencestotheoriginalsignalarealsodisplayed.
The last fader used remains active when switching from the PROCESS to the METER operating
mode. The parameter in question may still be modified using the vertical cursor keys while
monitoring changes to the signal processing on the corresponding display.
3
Press the IN/OUT key to include the ULTRA-DYNE PRO in the signal path (green LED) or switch to
bypass mode (LED is dark). The LED flickering red indicates DSP overflow. This does not necessarily
mean “clipping”. Flickering starts as soon as an internal processing overflow occurs, while input and
output levels may be OK. When this LED lights up often, reduce the input level.
4
Press the SETUP key to access the setup levels which permit the individual numerical editing of each
parameter. Pressing the SETUP key briefly accesses the first setup level in which the complete range
ofvalues for allavailable ULTRA-DYNE PRO parameters can be edited (seeChapter 2.1.4).
Holdingthe SETUPkey for about two seconds switches tothe secondSETUP level.Here allthe basic
settings of the device can be found, such as the choice of input source, sample rate, password
protection, MIDI configuration etc.
5
FourSOFTKEYS marked A, B, Cand D are arranged verticallyto the left of thedisplay. Thefunctions of
these keys are defined by the user software and are indicated by a pictogram or text to the right of each
key in the display. Each pictogram and its associated functions will be explained in detail in Chapter 2.
6
Central in the control of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO is the LED-backlit 240 x 64 DISPLAY.
7
The MIDI LED which displays the input of MIDI data is located to the right of the display.
8
The CURSOR KEYS are also positioned to the right of the display. These keys can be used for the
selection(horizontal)and operation (vertical)ofthe faders shownonthe display,aswell as theselection
ofparameter fieldsin theSETUP menu.
In each case if you hold the key being used and then press the opposite key you will acceler-
ate whatever operation you are undertaking.
Fig. 1.3: The back panel layout of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO
9
FUSE HOLDER / VOLTAGE SELECTOR. Before connecting the unit to AC power, ensure that the
operating voltage is set to your local AC voltage. Always use replacement fuses of the same type. In
some units, the fuse holder can be inserted in two positions to switch between 220 - 240 V and 100 -
120 V. Please note that a higher fuse rating must be used when operating the unit outside of Europe
with115V (SeetheINSTALLATION chapter).
1. INTRODUCTION

10
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
10
Use the POWERswitch to activate your ULTRA-DYNE PRO.
11
AC POWER CONNECTION. Use only the included AC cable to connect the unit to your AC power
supply.Please alsoensure that yourAC powersocket hasa ground. This ground conductormust NOT
be disabled to prevent hum pick-up. If you experience AC hum problems, use a DI box such as the
BEHRINGERULTRA-DI to preservethe protectivefunction.
12
ANALOGINPUTS. TheULTRA-DYNE PRO hasbalanced XLR andjack connectorinputs designed for
maximumlevels of+22 dBu.Microphone signalsthus requirepre-amplification, e.g. via a mixer.
13
ANALOG OUTPUTS. The analog outputs of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO have also been realized as bal-
anced XLR and jack connectors. A maximum output level of +16 dBu is available at the internal digital
maximum(DIGIMAX).
14
AES/EBUINPUTS(optional). Anoptionally available femaleXLR digital interfacecan beinstalled here.
15
AES/EBU OUTPUTS (optional). The optional male XLR digital interface output can be installed here.
The AES/EBU option transfers 24-bit data words at 32, 44.1 or 48 kHz.
16
MIDI IN, OUT and THRU. These connectors permit the MIDI remote control of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO.
17
SERIALNUMBER.Please takethetimetohavethewarrantycardfilledoutcompletelybyyourspecialized
dealer, and return it within 14 days after the date of purchase, so as to be entitled to benefit from our
extended warranty. You may also use our online registration option available on the Internet at
www.behringer.com.
2. OPERATION
2.1 The ULTRA-DYNE PRO operating concept
The complex nature of the parameter settings required the development of a new operating concept for the
ULTRA-DYNEPRO. Thispermits quick,simple editing of the key parameters, aswell asthe fineoptimization
of each of the individual parameters to suit the program material.
The operation of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO can be broken down into four different levels:
1. The programming level, with the selectionand editingof presets.
2. The editing level, which permitsthe convenientoptimization ofnearly allavailable parameters.
3. The METER menu, which in addition to its graphical display of levels also permits editing.
4. The SETUP menu, which provides access to all of the global and band-specific parameters for the six
frequencybands onseveral text pages.
2.1.1 The program level
TheULTRA-DYNE PROhas over100 programmemory locations,some ofwhich containfactory-preset pro-
grams.Theseprograms containalarge number ofbasic settings tocovera widevarietyof applications. These
programscanbe calledupvery quicklyandgenerally provide goodresults in practice.Of course, user-defined
settings can be saved as required and recalled at a later time.
2.1.2 The editing level
Use the editing level to modify the preset programs to suit the program material. Theediting window contains
eight faders which can be used to optimize these programs. Please note that the faders do not represent
absolute levels, but parameter changes relative to the presets, with the adjustment limited to a suitable range.
These limits only apply to the factory presets and to programs based on the preset programs.
2.1.3 The meter level
Theinput and outputlevels ofthesix individualbands is displayedin themeter level. Italso permits theediting
ofparameters whilemonitoring the effects of the changes onthe meters.
2. OPERATION

11
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
2.1.4 The setup level
Thefullrange of allavailableULTRA-DYNE PRO parameterscanbe editedonthe setup level.Theresults can
range from "interesting" to "surprising" to "brilliant". Completely new applications can also be created. The
setup level is thus the domain of experts and those with a passion for experimentation.
The programs and parameters of the editing level can be accessed by pressing the PROCESS key.
2.2 PROCESS mode
TheULTRA-DYNE PROis inPROCESS modeimmediately afterbeing switchedon.
Fig. 2.1: <PROCESS> menu
Use this mode to call up the <MEMORY> menu for loading and saving programs. It also provides direct
accessto the main parameters of the individual ULTRA-DYNEPRO functions. The VIRTUOSO functioncan
alsobe calledup directly from the <PROCESS>menu. ULTRA-DYNEPRO usesthis function to analyze the
programmaterial and automaticallyset theCompressor parameters. Aninformation windowappears with the
exactdesignation andvalue of the selected parameterwhen usinga fader.The softkeyC (EDIT)takes you to
theband-specificeditinglevel which permitstheindividual editing oftheGateand Compressor valuesforall six
bands.The softkeyD (TUBE) provides access to the TubeSimulation andExciter parameters.
2.2.1 Editing parameters
Please refer to Table 2.1 for the structure of the parameters and the meanings of the abbreviations.
Display Function Parameter Range Default Value
GTH Gate Threshold -90 to -40 dB, OFF OFF
CTH Threshold -70 to 0 dB, OFF OFF
CRA Ratio 1:1 to 88:1, INF:0 1:1
CAT Attack Time 0 to 250 ms 0 ms
CRT Release Time 0.05 to 5 s 5 s
ULT Ultramizer Process 0 to 100 0
OUT Outgain Gain -24 to +24 dB 0 dB
LTH Limiter Threshold -36 to 0 dB, OFF 0 dB
Compressor
Tab. 2.1: Fader functions in PROCESS mode
Thefirstfive parametersinthe <PROCESS>menuare containedinall six bands.The last threeentries pertain
tothecompletefrequencyrange,however.Pleaseseechapters2.4.1and2.4.2forthedefinitionsoftheparameters.
Parameters edited in the <PROCESS> menu have a global effect on all six bands.
2.2.2 Program administration
A program stores all of the parameter settings affecting the signal. Global hardware settings such as the
configuration of the inputs and MIDI interface, i.e. the setup level 2 settings, are not stored in the respective
programs.The ULTRA-DYNEPRO hasover 100 program memory locations that containthe factorypresets,
as well as room for your own creations.
2. OPERATION

12
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
Fig.2.2: <MEMORY>menu
Press the softkey B (Memory) in the <PROCESS> menu to access the <MEMORY> menu. The Up and Down
cursor keys can be used to select and listen to programs in this menu. An information window displaying the
selectedprogram appearsas soon as you press one ofthe cursorkeys. Atthe sametime, thedisplayed preset
isautomaticallyplayed.UsesoftkeyD(A/B)tocompare it with theprogramyouhavebeenediting.Thecurrently
active program is indicated by a bold letter in the pictogram: A is the edited version, while B is the selected
program. To load the program, press softkey A (LOAD) and follow the instructions in Chapter 2.2.3. Softkey C
(CLEAR)clearsyourcurrent program fromthememory and permitstheselectionof a defaultpreset.
The message “CLEAR WORKSPACE” is displayed when the softkey C (CLEAR) is pressed.
Confirm the query with “OK” to reset all current parameters to their defaults. Be sure to save
the edited program first if desired.
2.2.3 Loading a program
Fig. 2.3: <LOAD> menu
Press the softkey A (Load) in the <PROCESS> menu to access the <LOAD> menu. The same information
window is displayed in the fader area as when operating a fader. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to select
a program and listen to it with the softkey D (LISTEN). The listening function is indicated by a highlighted
“LISTEN” in the pictogram. Next, select the desired program with softkey A (OK) or return to the
<PROCESS> menu with softkey B (CANCEL).
2.2.4 Saving programs
Fig. 2.4: <STORE> menu
Use the softkey B to access the <STORE> menu. This also displays an information window in which you can
selecta program locationto saveyour own creationusing theUp and Downcursor keys.Use softkey A(OK) to
assignanametotheprogramorsoftkeyB(CANCEL)tocancelthesaveoperationandreturntothe<PROCESS>
menu. If a program location is already occupied, the warning OVERWRITE PROGRAM? will appear. Press
softkeyA (OK) againto assigna name toyour program.A window witha charactermap will nowappear inthe
display. Choose the character you require with the cursor keys and it will appear at the flashing cursor in the
name field. Use the softkeys B and C to move the cursor in the name field. Softkey D (CLEAR) deletes any
characters which may have already been entered. Program names can have a maximum of 12 characters.
Once the name is complete, press softkey A (OK) to return to the <PROCESS> menu.
2. OPERATION

13
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
2.2.5 Activating VIRTUOSO
The VIRTUOSO function can reduce your setup work considerably by analyzing your audio material and
automatically determining the compression values. Press the softkey A in the <PROCESS> or <METER>
menusto access theVIRTUOSO function. Thisbrings you tothe <VIRTUOSO>menuin whichyou can select
the required degree of compression using the four softkeys.
Fig. 2.5: <VIRTUOSO> menu
The ULTRA-DYNE PRO now analyzes the audio material until you end the analysis with softkey C (OK) or
cancel it with softkey D (CANCEL). The analysis is indicated by the flashing VIRTUOSO pictogram.
Fig. 2.6: VIRTUOSO analysis window
Next, the ULTRA-DYNE PRO automatically sets the Threshold parameters of all six Compressors for the
individual bands to suit the audio material, ensuring optimal compression (see Chapter 3.4, VIRTUOSO
function). The compression can also be corrected subsequently by changing the INGAIN parameter in the
setup menu. If the compression is too powerful, reduce the INGAIN value and vice versa.
2.2.6 Band-specific editing
Fig. 2.7: <EDIT> menu
Press the softkey C (EDIT) in the <PROCESS> menu to access the <EDIT> menu, which permits band-
specific editing via the faders. Select one of the six bands with softkey B. The pictogram shows the currently
selected band. Pressing the key once more will switch to the next higher band.
Thefirst sixparameters (1Gate, 4 Compressor, 1 Outgain) are available for eachband, whereasthe lasttwo
(1 Ultramizer, 1 Limiter) apply to the entire frequency range.
BANDLINK must be OFF to change settings per band.
Softkey D (A/B) allows you to compare the current setting with the settings of the program as it was loaded.
The B in the pictogram is displayed in bold whenever you modify a loaded program. If you are not satisfied
with the new setting, you can return to the original program by pressing softkey D a second time and trying a
newsetting fromthere. Assoon asyou changea value,the Bin thepictogram willonce againbe displayed in
bold.Uponloading anewprogram, neither Anor B willbe highlighted aslongas nochangeshave beenmade.
2. OPERATION

14
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
UsethesoftkeyA (CLONE) to copytheparametersof the selectedfrequencybandtoany or allotherfrequency
bandsofthe given channel.The settings arealsocopied to allbands of theotherchannel when instereo mode
(setuplevel2). The message“COPYBANDX TOALLBANDS”will be displayed.Usethe Up andDowncursor
keys to select whether the parameters of the current band should be copied to all other bands (ALL BANDS)
or to a specific band (BAND X).
2.2.7 Tube Simulation
Press the softkey D (TUBE) in the <PROCESS> menu to access the <TUBE> menu.
Fig. 2.8: <TUBE> menu
Use this menu to set up the Exciter and Tube Simulation. Please refer to Table 2.2 for the structure and the
meanings of the abbreviations. Softkey D (A/B) allows you to compare the current setting with the settings of
the program as it was loaded. The B in the pictogram is displayed in bold whenever you modify a loaded
program. If you are not satisfied with the new setting, you can return to the original program by pressing
softkey D a second time and trying a new setting from there. As soon as you change a value, the B in the
pictogram will once again be displayed in bold. Upon loading a new program, neither A nor B will be high-
lighted as long as no changes have been made.
Display Function Parameter Range Default Value
EXC Exciter Process 0 to 100 0
O/E Exciter Odd/Even 1/19 to 19/1 10/10
PRC Tube Process 0 to 100 0
TYP Tube Type 12AX7, 12AY7, EL34, EL84 12AX7
Tab. 2.2: Fader functions in the <TUBE> menu
2.3 METER mode
Press the Meter key to enter the METER mode.
Fig. 2.9: METER mode
This mode displays the input and output levels of all frequency bands (ascending from left to right) and the
overall levels of the two channels. Information is also shown regarding level changes made by the ULTRA-
DYNE PRO. Gain reductions are displayed as a small bar extending downward from the 0 dB mark. It is
possible to activate the VIRTUOSO mode while in METER mode by pressing softkey A (see 3.4). Softkey D
toggles between the display of the input and output levels. IN or OUT are highlighted accordingly.
2. OPERATION

15
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
2.3.1 Advanced level meter
Press the softkey B (SINGLE) to call up the advanced level meter.
Fig.2.10: Advancedlevel meter
Youcanusethe advanced levelmetertocontrol the inputandoutputlevels of theULTRA-DYNEPRO.The bar
graphdisplays the effective RMS level(solid partsof thebars), and thepeak level(checkered tipsof the bars)
simultaneously.To saveyour eyes, the release time of thepeak displayis 20dB/s. Usesoftkey A(CLEAR) to
erase the maximum levels from the memory. Softkey B switches between the display of the individual bands
(BAND1 to6) and themaster channel(MASTER). Thecurrent selection is shown inthe pictogram.Softkey D
(IN/OUT)togglesthe display betweentheinput and outputlevels.Peak Limiter activityisindicated by the"LIM"
in the display. Use softkey C to choose between three different tables of reference levels. The reference
levels are shown with a bold mark on the scale, and the numerical display changes simultaneously.
DIGMAX refers to the digital maximum. This level must not be exceeded under any circumstances. This will
resultina very noticeableformof distortion, whichoccursmuch faster andsoundsvery much moreunpleasant
thanthe familiardistortion associatedwith analogdevices.
+4 dBu refers to the operating level found in professional audio equipment (analog inputs and outputs of the
ULTRA-DYNEPRO).
-10dBV referstotheoperating level foundinhomerecordinganddomestic audio equipment, atypicalexample
beingtape recorders withunbalanced RCAconnectors.
Whensettingthe ULTRA-DYNEPRO'sinternal level,orwhen usingtheoptional AES/EBUinterface,the peak
leveldisplayof theDIGMAXscale istheONLY one touse. The +4dBuand -10dBV scalesserve to monitorthe
analoginputs and outputs of theULTRA-DYNE PRO.Please note thatthe RMSlevel willusually be quotedin
the technical specifications of analog devices, such as for the input sensitivity of power amplifiers.
The RMS level will always be lower than the peak level. The difference is dependent upon the
signal structure. For a static sine wave, the RMS level is about 71% of the peak level, a differ-
ence of 3 dB.
The DIGMAX level is, of course, related to the analog input and output levels, as 0 dB DIGMAX corresponds
tothemaximum output levelofthe ULTRA-DYNEPRO.
Thefollowing example,using asine wave at maximum amplitude, clearly illustrates the relationshipbetween
thevarious scales:
Scale Maximum level
RMS PEAK
DIGMAX -3 dB 0 dB
+4 dBu +9 dB +12 dB
-10 dBV +21 dB +24 dB
Absolute value: +16 dBu
Tab. 2.3: Relationship between display and output level
Ascan be seenfrom the abovetable, theULTRA-DYNEPRO's maximumanalog output levelis +16 dBu.The
ULTRA-DYNEPRO's analoginput canhandle amaximum of+22 dBu.
2. OPERATION

16
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
2.3.2 Editing in METER mode
Pressthe softkey Dto accessthe <EDIT> menuin METERmode. This menucan alsobe opened bypressing
any cursor key.
Fig. 2.11: <EDIT> menu in METER mode
The eight parameters in the <PROCESS> menu can be edited while visually monitoring the effects of the
edits on the level meters. Softkey D (IN/OUT) toggles the display between the input and output levels. Your
selection is indicated by a highlighted “IN” or “OUT” in the pictogram. Use the softkeys A and B to select the
parameterto beedited. The Leftand Rightcursor keyscan beused to switch between theindividual bands(1
to6), as wellas to changebetween the leftand right channelswhen in2-channelmode. UsetheUp andDown
cursor keys to edit the selected parameter. Softkey C (SOLO) lets you listen to the current band being
affected by the selected parameter separately. The meter also displays only the selected band while in solo
mode. The other displays are disabled while the solo mode is active.
2.4 Setup level 1
Press the SETUP key to access setup level 1. The LED above the SETUP button will start to flash. This level
containsall of thesettings whichare relatedto the actualsignal processing.Pressing the SETUPkey willtake
youto theinput/output menu <IN/OUT> and theband menus(BAND 1to 6).The “LEFT” and “RIGHT” entries
in the first line let you switch between the left and right channels. If stereo mode is activated in setup level 2,
this display will not be present, i.e. both channels are linked and will be edited at the same time. The param-
etersare selected usingthe cursorkeys in allsetup menus.Parameters can bemodified andmodes switched
usingthe softkeysmarked “+”and “-”. The two outer softkeys canbe usedto makemodifications overa wider
range than the inner ones. In each case, pressing the opposite key while holding the key being used will
acceleratethe operationbeing carriedout. Pressingthe PROCESSor METERkeys willcause theunit toexit
fromeithersetup level.
All of the SETUP settings are stored when switching off the ULTRA-DYNE PRO and remain
unchanged until the next time you edit them.
2.4.1 Input/output menu
Fig. 2.12: <IN/OUT> menu in setup level 1
This window is split vertically, with the parameters related to the input on the left and the output on the right.
Theinput side:
LEFT/RIGHT
The selected channel is displayed here. The channels can be toggled with the Plus or Minus softkeys.
INGAIN
The input gain can be adjusted in 1 dB increments from -24 to +24 dB.
2. OPERATION

17
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
TUBETYPE
FourdifferentTube Typesareavailable forthe Tube Emulation:12AX7, 12AY7, EL34and EL84.
TUBE PROCESS
The Tube Process value determines the degree of tube-type distortion to be added to the signal. The value
range is 0 to 100.
EXCITERPROCESS
The addition of harmonics by the Exciter can be set in a range from 0 to 100.
ODD/EVEN
Determines the Ratio of Even to Odd harmonics in the Exciter. This may be varied from 1/19 to 19/1.
Theoutput side:
OUTGAIN
The Output Gain can be adjusted in 1 dB increments from -47 to +24 dB.
ULTRAMIZER PROCESS
This function is a special feature of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO which continuously and automatically optimizes
theInput Gain andCompressor Thresholds tothe program material.This parameterdeterminesthe degreeto
which this automatic function affects the dynamic control. The values for ULTRAMIZER PROCESS range
from 1 to 100.
ULTRAMIZER THRESHOLD
Determinesthe Ultramizer'srange ofapplication. TheUltramizer function does not become active if the input
signal does not have to be raised beyond the value set here. The range can be set between 0 and 24 dB.
PEAKLIMIT
A Peak Limiter with a user-definable Threshold of -70 to +0 dB can be applied to the overall signal. OFF
disablestheGate Threshold.
LIMITERRELEASE
Set the Release time of the Peak Limiter here. The Release time is the time constant after which the attenu-
ationis released oncethe signalhas dropped below the Threshold.Values inthe full secondrange aregener-
ally used. The range can be set between 0.5 and 5 seconds.
2.4.2 Band menu
Fig. 2.13: <BAND> menu in setup level 1
The BAND X parameter for the selection of individual bands may be found in the top left corner of the band
menu. The LEFT/RIGHT toggle field for the channel is just to the right. This field is not activated in stereo
mode(setup level2).
TheULTRA-DYNE PROautomatically goesto the SETUP window for the band last selectedwhen switching
fromPROCESS mode toSETUP. The cursorwill also reappearat the lastselected parameter.
LO FRQ
Sets the Lower limit Frequency for the band.
HI FRQ
Thisparameter determinesthe Upper limit Frequency forthe band.
In the case of neighboring bands, the upper limit frequency of the lower band is always iden-
tical with the lower limit frequency of the next higher band. In other words, changing one
value automatically adjusts the related value as required.
2. OPERATION

18
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
GATETHRESHOLD
Determines the Threshold for the Noise Gate in this band, with a Threshold value between -96 dB and
-25dB. OFFdisables the Gate Threshold.
GATE HOLD
This parameter sets the waiting time before the noise Gate release process starts.
GATE RELEASE
The GATE RELEASE parameter determines the time which the noise Gate requires to return to 1:1.
The GATE HOLD and RELEASE times can be set from 20 to 720 ms in 20 ms increments.
PEAK WIDTH
Thisparameter determinesthe Widthof peaks to be ignored by the Gate. Thevalid timerange forthis setting
is 0 to 150 ms. This can be used to specifically suppress clicks.
EXCITER DRIVE
This parameter determines the Exciter Effect control for the three upper bands (4 to 6). The intensity of the
Excitercan be setusing theExciter process parameterin the<TUBE> and <IN/OUT>menus. Thisparameter
can be adjusted from 0 to 100.
COMPRESSORTHRESHOLD
TheThreshold for the Compressor can be setfrom -70dB to 0 dB. OFFdisables theCompressor Threshold.
COMPRESSOR RATIO
The Compression Ratio can be set from 1:1 (no compression) to INF:0 (INF = infinite). INF:1 corresponds to
the action of a limiter.
COMP. ATT.
TheCompressor Attack timeis thetimein whichthe Compressor regulatesthe signalto the setRatio afterthe
Thresholdhasbeen exceeded.
COMP. REL.
TheCompressor Release timeis thetime inwhich the Compressorreturns thesignal to 1:1after thelevel has
droppedbelowtheThreshold.
KNEE
TheKnee parameter determines whether thecompression shouldbecome effectiveabruptly (hard), orgently
andgradually beforereaching the actualThreshold value(soft). Atotal of36 increments arealso availablefor
this parameter. Factory default is value 18.
2.5 Setup level 2
HoldtheSETUP key forabout2 secondstoenter setup level2.This levelcontainsall of theglobalunit settings
such as memory management and the configuration of the MIDI interface. At this level, the LED above the
SETUP key remains continuously lit. Use the SETUP key to switch between the <GLOBAL SETUP> and
<MIDISETUP> menus.
The setup level 2 settings are saved globally and do not affect the program memory.
2.5.1 Global setup
Fig. 2.14: <GLOBAL SETUP> menu in setup level 2
2. OPERATION

19
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
INPUT
The input field is used to determine whether the input signal should be derived from the optional digital input,
or from the analog input. In addition, the sampling frequency is set here for analog operation. The available
frequencies are 32 kHz / 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz (the digital input automatically synchronizes to these frequen-
cies). When changing sample rates, the ULTRA-DYNE PRO will be muted briefly.
In purely analog mode the 48 kHz rate should be used. Apart from the fact that the high sample
rate gives the widest frequency response and correspondingly the best possible sound, the
fastest signal processing takes place at this rate.
Ifthe ULTRA-DYNEPRO unexpectedly doesn't output a signal, thismay bedue toan incorrectinput configu-
ration.
VIEWINGANGLE
Viewing Angle controls the contrast adjustment for the display in increments from 0 to 31.
MODE
The two channels of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO can be stereo-linked using this parameter. This automatically
copiesall settings tothe oppositechannel. The channelsare alsolinked in sucha mannerthat both areedited
simultaneously.Both channels operatecompletely independentlyin 2 CHANNEL mode.
DELAY
TheULTRA-DYNE PROhas an integratedmemory forthe delayand intermediatestorage of the input signal.
This permits the optimal adaptation of the control processes, as the signal can already be analyzed before
processing. Delay times of 20 to 40 ms ensure optimal compression characteristics with your
ULTRA-DYNE PRO. The delay time may be set from 0 to 600 ms. Factory default is 10 ms.
This signal delay can easily cause unpleasant side effects in live applications, making it advis-
able to keep the delay time as short as possible.
SECURITY
TheSECURITYfunctionofferseffectiveprotectionagainstunauthorizedmanipulationoftheULTRA-DYNE PRO.
UNLOCK means that all functions may be accessed, with the exception of programs that are secured under
PROTECTMEMORY.LOCKpreventsanyoftheparametersonthedevicebeingaccessed,theonlyexceptions
being the DISPLAY of the present setting, plus the input and output level with the LEVEL METER. The only
otherway to accessthe parameters isvia MIDI. Touse the SECURITYfunction, enter aPASSWORD withthe
cursor keys and softkeys. The softkeys are used to select the letter or symbol to be used, and have the
followingfunctions:
SoftkeyA confirms entryof the passwordand immediatelyactivatesthe LOCKstatus. Softkeys Band C move
the cursor left and right within the PASSWORD. Softkey D erases any characters which may have already
beenentered.
The LOCK status can be cleared by calling up SETUP menu again. The relevant PASSWORD field is
displayed immediately, and the PASSWORD may be re-entered. This returns the ULTRA-DYNE PRO to
UNLOCK status. If the device is locked without entering the PASSWORD, simply enter OK to UNLOCK.
Do not forget the password! If this happens, there is only one way to remove it: Open the
casing of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO and take the battery out for a short while. After replacing it
and switching the unit on, the original factory presets will be reloaded. We recommend that
this should only be performed by an experienced engineer to avoid inadvertent damage to
the unit. Warning! Doing this will cause you to lose all your programs, AND void the warranty!
PROTECT MEM
ThePROTECT MEMORY parameter switches the write protectionfor the program memory on and off.
LOW and HIGH
The functions LOW and HIGH determine the area of program memory which will be protected by the PRO-
TECT MEMORY function. LOW determines the lowest, HIGH the highest program number of the protected
area.The PROTECTMEMORY functioncan bedisabled with OFF (also see Security).
2. OPERATION

20
ULTRA-DYNEPRODSP9024
2.5.2 MIDI setup
Fig. 2.16: <MIDI SETUP> menu in setup level 2
MIDI
ON = MIDI interface enabled, OFF = MIDI interface disabled.
CHANNEL
Sets the MIDI send and receive channels; the channels 1-16 may be selected.
SND MEMORY DUMPand RCV MEMORY DUMP
The complete contents of the ULTRA-DYNE PRO memory can be transferred via MIDI to another ULTRA-
DYNEPRO ora PC (SENDMEMORY DUMP).Conversely, thecontents ofthe memory can also bereceived
viaMIDI (RECEIVE MEMORYDUMP). Thetransmission or readiness to receiveis activatedin both casesby
simultaneously pressing one Plus and one Minus key each.
OMNI MODE
WiththeOMNIMODE enabled, theULTRA-DYNEPROcan receive dataonallMIDIchannels. This mayprove
usefulto testthe unit'sresponse toincoming MIDIcommands orin casesin whichyou areunsure ofthe MIDI
channelbeing usedfor thetransmission.
CNTL,PROGandEXCL
These fields can be used to additionally enable the Sending (SND) and Receiving (RCV) of controller data
(CNTL),ProgramChange commands(PROG)and SystemExclusivedata (EXCL).
Caution: Receiving a memory dump will overwrite the existing programs!
3. APPLICATIONS
Thissection will covera number oftypical applications forthe BEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNEPRO. Most prob-
lems related to dynamics can be solved using the following basic settings.
Please take the time to study the following sample applications in detail in order to ensure the optimum
deployment of the unit's broad range of features.
Primary applications and basic settings
Generallyspeaking, BEHRINGER ULTRA-DYNE PRO applicationscan bebroken downinto seven areas:
1. TheGATE sectionremoves noiseand suppressescrosstalk inmulti-channel operation.
2. The COMPRESSOR section increases the density of the program material and can be used to create
special effects and sounds frequently encountered in the recording and music fields.
3. The VIRTUOSO functionensures compressionsuited toyour requirementsand adapted to the character-
istics of the program material.
4. The ULTRAMIZER function automatically adjusts the input gain and Compressor parameters to suit your
programmaterial.
5. The PEAK LIMITER section is designed to protect speaker systems, tape machines, transmission lines,
etc. from overload.
6. TheTUBE simulationadds additionalharmonics tothe audiosignal fora lively, warm character.
7. TheEXCITER function isdesigned toenhance theaudio quality aftercompression.
3. APPLICATIONS