Innova eHPoca User manual

ehpoca
3in1
TECHNICAL MANUAL

2

ehpoca / 3in1
3
SOMMARIO
GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
A look to the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
The heat pump handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Sizing directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Innova eHPoca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Design and minimum dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Excellent certified performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Inverter Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Touch screen Interface (OPTIONAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Internal unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
External unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Base unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Manufacturing details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Internal unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Control logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Functioning principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Auxiliary heater management (heater or backup boiler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Climate regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Nominal technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Part load performance in cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Energy efficiency in heating as per standard EN 11300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Flow charts / circulator pump head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Operating limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Ethylene glycol solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Deposit factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
External unit dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3

4
Notes on Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
System layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Installation of the internal unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Installation of the external unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Connections to the terminal strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Ethernet connection via switch or hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Solar board connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Solar unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Innova 3in1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Design and minimum dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Excellent certified performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Inverter Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Touch screen Interface (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
External unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Base unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Additional modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Manufacturing details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Internal unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Control logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Functioning principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Auxiliary heater management (heater or backup boiler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Climate regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Nominal technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Part load performance in cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Energy efficiency in heating as per standard EN 11300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Operating limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Ethylene glycol solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Deposit factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

ehpoca / 3in1
5
External unit dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Notes on Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
System layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Installation of the internal unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Installation of the external unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Connections to the terminal BLOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Ethernet connection via switch or hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Solar board connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

6
GENERAL INFORMATION
A LOOK TO THE FUTURE
Technology and architecture
Technological systems represent an important component of the buildings, often seen as an element of disruption, a necessary
"evil".
A modern design brings together living environments and technology in an aestethic and architectural balance that ensures
comfort, power saving and economy throughout the building’s service life.
INNOVA products reect this philosophy, combining the best technological options and modern, clean aesthetics in a single
element, becoming objects of design.
Environment
An essential step for the future of our planet is to reduce the use of fossil energy sources, switching to renewable ones.
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from
renewable sources denes the “environmental heat” in the Air, Water and Earth as renewable source of energy. eHPoca and
3in1 of INNOVA use the environmental heat and the Heat Pump principle to generate and distribute heat-transfer uids that
render the living environments comfortable throughout the whole year.

ehpoca / 3in1
7
THE HEAT PUMP
A simple principle...
Its functioning principle is similar to a refrigerator’s one: the heat taken from a low temperature ambient is transferred to a
second one with higher temperature. Similarly, the heat pump takes heat from a cold, outdoor ambient (in winter time) and
transfers it to a warmer, indoor ambient, further heating it up. Moreover, by activating the heat pumps in reversed cycle, you
can cool indoor spaces in summer time: with the same functioning principle, the heat is now absorbed from indoor and delive-
red outdoors.
...a great achievement
More than 75% of the energy used by the heat pump is free because it comes from the Sun and it is stored in air, water and
earth; with only 25% use of electricity, the heat pumps ensure optimum comfort during summer and winter. With the heat
pump you will have one single system for heating, cooling and sanitary hot water production.
Benets
Increase the value of your property
According to Directive (2002/91/EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council, all building should have an energy perfor-
mance certicate considering the primary energy. Used on the same building, eHPoca and 3in1 reduce the primary energy con-
sumption levels by at least 50% compared to the traditional boiler solutions, reaching higher performance classes, increasing
therefore the property’s value, with an average return of investment of 3-4 years.
CO2 emissions reduction
The heat pumps do not use fossil energy sources such as Natural Gas or Oil and do not generate CO2. Even considering the
equivalent CO2generated to produce the electricity, the indirect CO2emissions decrease, on average, by 50% compared with the
combustion systems and by 80% compared with the electrical heating systems.
Costs reduced up to 80%
The average seasonal COP of modern heat pumps can reach up to 4 for the most ecient air-water units. The average per-
formance of the Italian electrical system is 0.46; the performance of a heat pump, referred to the primary energy is 180%,
exceeding therefore the performance of any traditional combustion or electrical generator, resulting in a saving of 50% - 80%
on operating costs.

8
INNOVA WEB SITE
INNOVA designed an easy to read and use site, on which you can nd information, updated technical documentation, catalo-
gues for the ranges of heating and cooling systems.
The site also features a specic software that you can use to calculate the performance of the product under any operating
conditions.
www.innovaenergie.com
Heat pump web server
The heat pumps INNOVA are supplied with an advanced web access tool thanks to which they can be controlled from your
computer, tablet, smart phone or any device with Internet connection by simply using the browser.
This way, by entering the machine’s IP address, the user will be able to check its status, view any ongoing alarms and even to
change the setpoints. By conguring the web server with the data of your connection, you will be able to receive e-mails whe-
never an alarm occurs.
You will also be able to see, check and control many other devices INNOVA connected to the same ethernet network, such as
AIRLEAF and FILOMURO fancoils.
All this at a very low cost, in a context known throughout the whole IT world, ethernet networks wiring.

ehpoca / 3in1
9
THE HEAT PUMP
THE HEAT PUMP HANDBOOK
Below you can nd some key points for the correct operation of the heat pump and for taking advantage of its power saving
potential.
1. The heat pump with vapour compression cycle is a thermodynamic machine, the performance of which increases as the
dierence in temperature between the outdoor ambient and the ambient/water to be heated increases.
2. Point 1 means that, in order to save energy with the heat pump, you need to exchange the heat optimally with the outdo-
or ambient, respecting the recommended ventilation clearances and preparing the internal system so that the pump can
operate at medium-low temperatures (below 45 °C).
3. To nd out which heat pump suits you best, request a thermal calculation for the building, taking into account the type
of internal system and the installation location (for geothermal heat pumps, the installation location is irrelevant within
certain limits).
4. In case of air-water heat pumps, you need to observe the piping installation instructions between external and internal
units to enable correct, ecient and economic operation of the pump.
5. Always make sure that there is enough water in the heating system, installing if necessary, a buer tank; for any infor-
mation, contact your trustworthy designer or our technical department INNOVA.
6. Never heat sanitary water by means of traditional tanks, suitable only for high temperature supply sources (traditional
boilers), but rather by means of boilers with wide instantaneous submerged exchanger (refer to the relevant documen-
tation INNOVA or contact our technical department to choose the right product).
7. After observing the previous point, make sure that the storage temperature does not exceed 47 °C, except in special
cases.
8. Choose the power purchase agreement that suits you best; request the special rates using the INNOVA declaration, and
you will benet from a xed price contract, without tari increase due to consumption bands.
9. For correct assessment of the necessary electric power and of the size of the power line, refer to the electrical data pro-
vided in this manuals; if in doubt, contact our technical department. This way you can avoid common errors that lead to
unnecessary waste of money.
10. If you respect the indications above, the heat pump will become the most ecient system for winter heating, cummer
cooling and sanitary hot water production in residential buildings and not only...

10
OPERATION
The functioning principle of the heat pump is similar to that of a regular refrigerator that takes the heat from the refrigerator
compartment and releases it into the ambient; you can perceive the heat by touching the heating element outside the fridge,
which represents the condenser.
Similarly, the heat pump takes heat from a low temperature ambient (source: air, water or earth) and transfers it, warming it,
to a warmer ambient (user: houses). Moreover, by activating the heat pumps in reversed cycle, you can cool indoor spaces in
summer time: the heat is now absorbed from indoor and delivered outdoors.
1
2
3
4
In order to "catch" the heat from the source, the heat pump uses a cooling circuit and a special uid (called refrigerant uid) that,
based on the operating temperature and pressure, can be in gaseous or liquid state.
The cooling circuit consists of:
1. compressor.
2. the condenser (called utilities exchanger when the pump is used for heating and source exchanger when used for coo-
ling).
3. expansion valve.
4. evaporator (called source exchanger when the pump is used for heating and utilities exchanger when used for cooling).
During pump operation, the refrigerant uid undergoes the following thermodynamic transformations inside the circuit:
Pressione (bar)
Entalpia (kJ / kg)
Fluido
Fluido
R22
Q1
Q2
Q3T3
T1
12
3
4
Δt / uido
Δt / uido
1-2 Evaporation
the refrigerant enters in liquid state in the source exchanger (point 1), where it evaporates at low temperature (therefore at low
pressure) by subtracting the Q1 heat from the cold source, then exiting the exchanger as saturated vapour.

ehpoca / 3in1
11
2-3 Compression
as saturated vapour (point 2), the refrigerant is suctioned and compressed a spese dei lavoro L until reaching (point 3) the pres-
sure corresponding to the heating demand, coming out as superheated steam.
3-4 Condensation
ows in the utilities exchanger in which (point 3) after desuperheating, it condensates, giving up heat Q3 to the utilities uid, at
the requested temperature.
4-1 Rolling
as liquid, it passes (point 4) through a rolling element that lowers its pressure level down to the value requested by the evapo-
rator to exchange heat with the source uid.
The source
The external means from which the heat is taken is called “source”. Inside the heat pump, the refrigerant uid absorbs the heat
from the source by means of the evaporator.
The main cold sources are:
the air: outside the room where the heat pump is installed or extracted from the room where the heat pump is installed.
the water: groundwater, rivers, lakes, sources of water in the vicinity of the premises to be heated, at shallow depth.
the earth: that accumulates heat from solar irradiance.
The utility
The uid to be heated is called "utility". In a heat pump, the refrigerant uid transfers the heat absorbed from the source to the
utility; this process takes place inside the condenser
Usually, the heat is transferred to the building to be heated by means of:
Fancoils.
Radiators.
Radiant oor, wall and ceiling panels.
Applications
Rooms conditioning
The heat pump is commonly used for air conditioning in the residential and tertiary sectors (middle-sized enterprises; beauty
salons; restaurant kitchens; professional studios), as an alternative to conventional systems consisting of chiller and boiler. In
fact, thanks to a simple valve, the machine can invert the evaporator and condenser functions, heating the spaces in winter time
and cooling them in summer time (Reversible type).
Using the heat pump for climate control (heating + cooling) is extremely convenient as the amortisation period is lower when
using the pump in this manner compared with using it only for heating.
The heat pump can be put to dierent applications in the tertiary and industrial sectors, such as: air conditioning of swimming
pools, low temperature drying and technological processes in the agri-food sector, etc.
DHW heater and ambient heating
The heat pump can also be used only for ambient and sanitary water heating. In these cases, the economical aspects should be
carefully assessed with regard to the traditional systems such as electrical or gas boilers and water heaters.
The heat pumps INNOVA can produce hot water up to 55 °C, allowing you to use the units in any installation that requires sa-
nitary hot water. For sanitary water heating, the pump will require larger tanks than those used for the regular boilers, as the
temperature of the stored water will never exceed 45-50 °C.
The average values for the use of sanitary hot water at 38 °C can be found in the table below.
Users S.H.W. Users S.H.W. Users S.H.W. Users S.H.W.
no. L/24h no. L/24h no. L/24h no. L/24h
170 2140 3190 5270
For ambient heating, the systems can be either:
Monovalent
Bivalent

12
The monovalent conguration is recommended when the heat pump can provide the entire amount of heat necessary for
ambient heating. If the heat pump uses the external air as source, this conguration is recommended for areas in which the
outdoor temperature rarely drops below 0 °C.
Otherwise, you should opt for a bivalent system, consisting of a heat pump and of an auxiliary heating system, a regular heater
for example, that can cover the heat requirements when the air temperature drops below –10 °C.
TYPES
The main types of pumps can be dened based on the type of source and utility used: air-water, water-water and geothermal.
Air-water
This type of pump uses the air as source, which has the advantage of being always available; however, if the outdoor tempe-
ratures are close to 0° C you should use a source exchanger defrosting system to remove the ice that might appear in these
conditions.
In order to do so, the unit will automatically switch the 4-way reversing valve, allowing the refrigerant uid to change its di-
rection of ow; after defrosting, the unit switches again the valve to reverse the ow of the refrigerant, resuming the regular
pump operating mode. The defrost cycle absorbs energy, preventing it from reaching the utilities throughout the whole cycle,
reducing therefore the nominal heating performance of the unit.
In most European countries we can estimate, with approximation, that the energy lost to defrost during a winter season can
vary from 5% to 13% of the total thermal energy produced by the heat pump.
The INNOVA air-water Heat pumps use an Inverter-controlled DC compressor which in combination with the electronic
expansion valve and a sophisticated algorithm, enable optimising the pump’s operation at low temperatures, adjusting

percentage indicated above.

ehpoca / 3in1
13
Water-water
Generally using ground water as cold source at almost constant temperature.
This solution ensures the highest thermodynamic performances as it is not aected by outdoor temperature variations (typical
for air-water pumps); however, the use of this pump is limited by the limited availability of this resource (in some places, its usa-
ge is actually forbidden) and also requires additional costs for the hydraulic connections on the side of the source. In fact, the
main limitation is using a water lift station that renders the exchange technology inconvenient beyond certain depths.
Geothermal
This type of pump uses the underground heat as cold source; the heat is absorbed by a piping system (referred to as geothermal
sensors, installed vertically or horizontally) within which circulates a mixture of water and glycol designed to absorb maximum
heat load.
The horizontal sensors are usually installed underground, at a depth of 1-1.5 metres to prevent any performance variations
resulting from dierences in environmental conditions. For these applications is usually used a piping extension having 2 ÷ 3
times the surface of the building to be heated.
For the vertical sensors are usually prepared holes of up to 150 metres, so as to obtain a yield of about 4 ÷ 6 kW per sensor.
The geothermal pumps oer constant yield regardless of the environmental conditions, but their initial cost is higher due to the
drillings. You have to evaluate well the payback.
               


1. Vertical sensors 2. Horizontal sensors
12

14
EFFICIENCY
Performance
During its operation, the heat pump:
Absorbs electricity for the operation of the compressor.
Absorbs heat from the environment (air, water or earth) and transfers it to the evaporator.
Releases heat in the condenser (water).
The main advantage of the heat pump is the fact that it can generate more energy (Thermal) than it consumes (Electrical) during
operation. The eciency of a heat pump is dened by the coecient of performance “C.O.P” that is a ratio of the heating provi-
ded to power required. The C.O. P varies depending on the type of heat pump and on the operating conditions and it generally
takes values between 3 and 5. This means that for every kWh of electricity consumed, the unit will release from 3 to 5 kWh of
heat.
As highlighted in The heat pump handbook chapter p. 9, the unit’s C.O.P. is inversely proportional to the temperature of the
water (generated) and directly proportional to the temperature of the source.
Seasonal eciency in heating
To properly assess the benets of heat pumps in terms of primary energy consumption, CO ₂ emissions and operating costs,
you should consider the seasonal coecients of performance (SCOP and SEER).
Unlike COP and EER, that refer only to precise and determined operating conditions, the seasonal energy eciency coecients
sum up the machine’s performance in a single value, considering the temperature variations in the air, in the generated water
and the partialisation grade of the compressor.
According to EN14825, the seasonal coecient of performance SCOP in heating of an air-water heat pump depends on four
variables:
Design temperature
The standard divides Europe in 3 climate zones: Colder, Average and Warmer and for each of them is identied a representative
location: Helsinki, Strasbourg and Athens characterised by design temperatures of –22 °C, respectively – 10 °C and 2 °C.
Water temperature on the user side.
The standard denes 3 types of distribution systems characterised by dierent water temperature values on the user side:
– Radiant panel (Twater xed at 35 °C or variable based on the temperature of the outdoor air).
– Fancoil (Twater xed at 45 °C or variable based on the temperature of the outdoor air).
– Radiators (Twater xed at 55 °C or variable based on the temperature of the outdoor air).
Compressor partialisation grade.
The standard takes into account the part load ineciencies at “On-O” operation of the heat pumps and provides appropriate
corrective coecients.
Outdoor air temperature frequency of occurence.
Understood as the frequency of occurrence (expressed in hours) of each value of outside air temperature, during the heating
season.
The SCOP is calculated, using the Bin Method, as the weighted average eciency (COP) of the heat pump divided by the fre-
quency of occurrence of the outdoor air temperature.
According to the standard, SCOP must be calculated for every climate zone and for all distribution systems dened by the stan-
dard.



The following table shows the seasonal coecient of performance (SCOP) of eHPoca and 3in1 for each climate zone and type
of heating system, as per standard EN 14825:
3in1 07M 3in1 12M
Climate zone City Design T
°C
SCOP
Radiant panel
SCOP
Fancoils
SCOP
Radiators
SCOP
Radiant panel
SCOP
Fancoils
SCOP
Radiators
Colder Helsinki –22 3.48 2.58 1.83 3.78 2.73 2.01
Average Strasbourg –10 3.96 2.86 2.08 4.30 3.12 2.20
Warmer Athens 24.72 3.41 2.47 4.93 3.53 2.51

ehpoca / 3in1
15
Seasonal eciency in cooling
The seasonal energy eciency ratio SEER in cooling of an air-water heat pump depends on four variables:
Design temperature
EN 14825 considers just one sample reference location dened by the standard.
Water temperature on the user side
The standard denes 2 types of distribution systems characterised by dierent water temperature values on the user side:
– Radiant panel (Twater xed at 18 °C).
– Fancoil (Twater xed at 7 °C or variable based on the temperature of the outdoor air).
Compressor partialisation grade
The EN 14825 standard takes into account the part load ineciencies at “On-O” operation of the heat pumps and provides
appropriate corrective coecients.
Outdoor air temperature frequency of occurence.
Understood as the frequency of occurrence (expressed in hours) of each value of outside air temperature, during the heating
season.
The SEER is calculated, using the Bin Method, as the weighted average eciency (EER) of the heat pump divided by the fre-
quency of occurrence of the outdoor air temperature.
According to the standard, SEER must be calculated for both types of distribution systems dened by the standard.

40.

16
REASONS FOR USING THE HEAT PUMP
Primary energy use
In terms of primary energy savings (oil, gas, coal, uranium), the heat pump is convenient because it provides better global yields
than the traditional systems.
In fact, heating by means of heating elements is not an economic application of the primary energy, as its relative global yield
does not exceed 30%.
Oil or gas heating systems, even if perfectly managed and maintained, rarely turn more than 75% of the fuel they burn into
useful heat, except for natural gas condensing boilers that reach an absolute yield of 90%.
The global yield of heat pumps driven by electric compressors depends on the features of the system and of the heat source,
but it can reach up to 130% of the primary energy.
These energetic assessments can be seen as shown in the gure.
Costo iniziale della fonte primaria
Estrazione del combustibile primario
Conversione energia primaria
Trasporto energia elettrica
Utenze riscaldamento
EFFICIENZE DEI SISTEMI DI RISCALDAMENTO RIFERITE ALLE FONTI PRIMARIE
Trasporto combustibile
A - Riscaldamento elettrico
B - Riscaldamento a gasolio (gas)
C - Riscaldamento con pompa di calor
e
C
100
100÷130
B
100
70
A
100
30
The heat pumps achieve higher eciencies (better ratios between absorbed energy and generated useful heat) and compared
with other systems, they ensure signicant decreases in CO₂emissions.

ehpoca / 3in1
17
Cost-eectiveness
From a management perspective, a heat pump system used for ambient heating allows signicant savings.
The extent of these savings is related to the performances of the installed heat pump, that depend on certain parameters. First
of all, the heat pump’s operating range is economically much more competitive as:
the user temperature, i.e. the temperature of the air supplied to the distribution system, is close to the optimum room tem-
perature, between 20° C and 25° c.
the dierence in temperature between user and source is as low as possible.
Although the installation cost of a heat pump is similar to that of a traditional heating system, the operating costs are signican-
tly lower thanks to the operating conditions, allowing high rates of return on your investment.
The use of a heat pump leads to greater savings in terms of primary energy resources and in terms of operating costs.
To understand the phenomenon, the gure below shows a detailed energy balance sheet for a conventional heating system,
where for each 117.6 units of primary energy consumed, the system generates 100 heat units.
Calore reso
all’utenza
100%
Energia primaria
117,6%
PERDITE
Al camino per convenzione
10,6%
Incombusti
7%
Instead, a heat pump with COP 4 (normally achievable) generates 100 of heat units for every 82.2 units of primary energy con-
sumed: this means an energy saving of 35 units for every 100 units generated by the pump (117.6 – 82.2) = 35.
PERDITE
TEMPERATURA SORGENTE FREDDA (ACQUA) 8 °C
TEMPERATURA FLUIDO VETTORE 40÷45 °C
(*) incluso delle perdite di perdite di sbrinamento
Energia primaria
82,2%
Calore assorbito
alla sorgente
fredda
74,7%
Calore reso
all’utenza
100%
Generatore di vapore
6,6%
Condensatore
40,3%
Cuscinetti etc.
1,6%
Energia elettrica in centrale
33,7%
Energia meccanica
all’albero del compressore
33,7%
Trasmissione,
distribuzione e
trasformazione
4%
Motore
elettrico
principale
4,4%

18
SIZING DIRECTIONS
Choosing a heat pump of an appropriate size is particularly important for its eciency; an oversized heat pump might cause
environmental comfort issues, resulting in high water temperature variations (also resulting in increased operating costs); an
undersized heat pump might aect the eciency of the system, requiring additional external power sources (heating elements
or boilers).
The heat pumps INNOVA tted with DC Inverter compressor can easily meet the majority of the heat demands as it is able to
modulate its output in a continuous manner, from 20% to 130% (for some models even 150%!).
An optimal heat pump connected to an inferior system (such as: old high temperature terminals), will achieve substandard
performances, conrming the need for a correct heat pump/ terminal connection.
Keep in mind that, generally, to every drop in the generated water temperature by one degree (in heating), corresponds an
average C.O.P. increase of about 2-2.5% (even more for water/water units) with SIGNIFICANT consequences on the system’s
eciency and on the energy savings. Under these conditions, low temperature radiant panels as well as radiators or fancoils
appropriately size for outputs below 45 °C, (oor, ceiling, wall) are particularly interesting as they enable system operation at
hot water ow temperatures (in winter time) between 30 °C and 45 °C, while undersized radiators or fancoils require higher
temperatures (over 50 °C), resulting in a decrease in the overall C.O.P. of the system.
The yield can be increased greatly by sizing the fan coils and radiators to work at 40-45° C. This will also improve the thermal
comfort of the terminals.
The heat pump systems are usually sized for maximum temperature demands of 50 °C, for greater temperatures (e.g. renova-
tion of old buildings where it is not possible to replace the old heat exchangers) you should consider using the heat pump toge-
ther with other energy sources (heaters or boilers) especially when the outside temperatures are low. For water temperatures
of up to 50 °C, the heat pump systems do not usually require other energy sources but they are often considered for economic
and/or nancial assessments that we will address in the pages to come.
Water temperature External air temperature COP
°C °C
35 –2 3.41
45 –2 2.46
55 –2 1.74

ehpoca / 3in1
19
Monovalent systems
A monovalent conguration is used when the heat pump does not require auxiliary heating systems. In this case, the heat pump
meets the heating requirements fully.
In monovalent congurations, the heat pumps are sized considering the unit’s heating capacity in the worst environmental
conditions.
Esempio: reference location Stoccarda (Germany)
The location’s heating demand curve is as follows (see the chart below).
YFrequency of occurrence
XExternal air (outdoor) temperature
300
400
500
600
Y
(Ore)
200
100
0
X(°C)
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0510 15 20 25 30 35 40
From the chart you can see that for this location, the temperature reaches the minimum value of – 14° C, 6 hours per year. Con-
sidering a building with a heat demand of 9 kW at outdoor temperature of –5 °C and indoor temperature of 20 °C, we will obtain
the heat dissipation (calculated as per standard UNI TS 11300, in compliance with the regulations in force in the country where
the heat pump is installed) shown in the chart below:
YPLR Part load ratio (Thermal power/Pdesign)
XOutdoor (or source, air) temperature
ABuilding heat transfer
4,00
8,00
12,00
A
16,00
Y
(kW)
0,00 X(°C)
-12 -9 -6 -3 036912

20
GEO geothermal pump
The particularity of geothermal heat pumps and/or water/water heat pumps is that they keep a constant yield regardless of
outdoor temperature variations; this allows optimal unit sizing and constant C.O.P.
YPLR Part load ratio (Thermal power/Pdesign)
XOutdoor (or source, air) temperature
AModel GEO 12M
BBuilding heat transfer
4,00
8,00
12,00
B
A
16,00
Y
(kW)
0,00 X(°C)
-12 -9 -6 -3 036912
In this case, the geothermal heat pump that meets the heating demand is model GEO 12M with thermal power 11.2 kW, source
temperature 0 °C and water temperature 35 °C.
3in1 air / water heat pump
If you set up an air/water heat pump series eHPoca in the same application, the yielded heat will become:
YPLR Part load ratio (Thermal power/Pdesign)
XOutdoor (or source, air) temperature
A3in1 model 12
BBuilding heat transfer
4,00
8,00
12,00
A
B
16,00
Y
(kW)
0,00 X(°C)
-12 -9 -6 -3 036912