Intersoft Electronics RTG1002 User manual

User Manual RTG1002
Radar Target Generator
Edition: 005
Date: 19-Apr-18
Status: Released Issue

Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS
General
User Manual RTG1002
Radar Target Generator
Edition: 005
Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
Status: Released Issue
Ke words:
Abstract:
Contact Information
Author: Erwin aes / Jan Verlinden
Editor: Elke Vanuytven
Contact Person: Erwin aes
Tel: [phone]
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Document Control Information
Document Name: IE-U -00601-005 RTG1002 User anual.odt
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Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD
Revision Date Reasons for change Pages
Affected
Approved
b
001 First All E
002 Towertrack, ballistic target generation All E
003 Changes after revision All E
004 Changes after 2nd revision All EV
005 New snapshots after software update EV
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Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. TECHNICAL MANUAL RTG1002..................................................................................11
1.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 11
1.2. Ke Features..................................................................................................................................... 11
1.3. Hardware Description....................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1. Block Diagram............................................................................................................................ 12
1.3.2. Connectors................................................................................................................................. 13
2. REMOTE TEST TARGET...............................................................................................13
2.1. Theor ................................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2. Software............................................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.1. Parameters tab........................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.1.1. Radar parameters.................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.1.2. RTG parameters...................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1.3. Target Setup Parameters.........................................................................................................18
2.2.2. Setup tab.................................................................................................................................... 19
2.2.2.1. Didactical Panel....................................................................................................................... 26
2.2.3. Scenario Tab............................................................................................................................... 27
2.2.4. Scenario Definition Window........................................................................................................ 28
3. ON SITE TARGET INJECTION........................................................................................30
3.1. Theor ................................................................................................................................................ 30
3.2. Software............................................................................................................................................. 30
3.3. Parameters Tab................................................................................................................................. 31
3.4. Fixed – or Moving Target Operating Mode.....................................................................................37
4. REMOTE PROCEDURE CALL.........................................................................................40
4.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 40
4.1.1. General....................................................................................................................................... 40
4.1.2. Installation................................................................................................................................... 40
4.2. DETAILS............................................................................................................................................. 40
4.2.1. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 40
4.2.2. Syntax......................................................................................................................................... 41
4.2.3. Config file.................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.4. Sending Commands................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.4.1. LOAD command...................................................................................................................... 44
4.2.4.2. START command..................................................................................................................... 44
4.2.4.3. RECORD command................................................................................................................ 46
4.2.4.4. STOP command...................................................................................................................... 47
4.2.4.5. CLOSE command.................................................................................................................... 47
4.2.4.6. STATUS command.................................................................................................................. 47
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4.2.5. EXA PLE................................................................................................................................... 48
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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: RTG 1002 front panel.................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 2: Block Diagram RTG1002.............................................................................................................. 12
Figure 3: Booting, RTG parameters............................................................................................................ 14
Figure 4: arameters for the radar equation.............................................................................................. 15
Figure 5: Attenuator A vs frequency for modulator 1................................................................................16
Figure 6: List of components supllied with RTG1002 loss vs frequency................................................17
Figure 7: Setup tab, scope view of the received pulse.............................................................................19
Figure 8: ulse view with drop down list................................................................................................... 20
Figure 9: redicted peak power should match the maximum received power level..............................21
Figure 10: redicted peak power in the didactical panel..........................................................................22
Figure 11: ulse view , RX power and Tx power with Adaptive Beam Modulation ON, fixed target.....22
Figure 12: ulse view of RTG recording..................................................................................................... 24
Figure 13: Filter setting and parameters of the RTG pulse viewer...........................................................25
Figure 14: Didactical panel with system info being logged......................................................................26
Figure 15: ower vs time of the scenario................................................................................................... 27
Figure 16: Define speed scenario............................................................................................................... 29
Figure 17: Booting , RTG parameters......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 18: RTG on site parameters............................................................................................................. 31
Figure 19: Default antenna diagram............................................................................................................ 32
Figure 20: Select V D curve........................................................................................................................ 32
Figure 21: Radar coverage diagram, from a default antenna V D...........................................................33
Figure 22: Coverage diagram for a theoretical cosecant square V D.....................................................34
Figure 23: Attenuator A vs frequency for modulator 1..............................................................................35
Figure 24: Define Jammer - Clutter settings for Modulator 2 vs azimuth................................................36
Figure 25: arameters for fixed or moving target......................................................................................37
Figure 26: Typical Airfield Surveillance Radar V D, Tx on beam 1 and two Rx beams.........................38
Figure 27: Modulator 2 used to modulate a signal vs azimuth to simulate a jammer or interfering
signals........................................................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 28: Toolbox must be running to allow R C....................................................................................41
Figure 29: LVXMLR Cserver location........................................................................................................ 42
Figure 30: RASS --help................................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 31: Configuration file for R C.........................................................................................................43
Figure 32: reference file in case of this example.....................................................................................45
Figure 33: references file for RTG on site target injection software......................................................46
Figure 34: Example of R C via the DOS command prompt.....................................................................48
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Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
TABLE OF TABLES
Table 1: Effect of V D selector on the coverage and modulator settings...............................................39
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Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
CONVENTIONS USED
Note: This icon to the left of bold italicized text denotes a note, which alerts you to
important information.
Caution: This icon to the left of bold italicized text denotes a caution, which alerts you to the
possibility of data loss or a system crash.
Warning: This icon to the left of bold italicized text denotes a warning, which alerts you to t
he possibility of damage to you or your equipment.
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Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
ACP Azimuth Change Pulse
ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance, Broadcast
Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunication, Annex 10 to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation, the principle international document
defining SSR
ARP Azimuth Reference Pulse
ATC Air Traffic Control
COTS Commercial Off The Shelf
CPU Computer Processing Unit
CW Continuous wave
dB Decibel
Downlink The signal path from aircraft to ground
FL Flight Level, unit of altitude (expressed in 100’s of feet)
FRUIT False Replies Unsynchronized In Time, unwanted SSR replies
received by an interrogator which have been triggered by other
interrogators
GPS Global Positioning System
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICD Interface Control Document
IE Intersoft Electronics
IF Intermediate Frequency
I/O Input/Output
IP Internet Protocol
LAN Local Area Network
LVA Large Vertical Aperture (antenna)
Monopulse Radar-receiving processing technique used to provide a precise
bearing measurement
MSSR onopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar
MTD oving Target Detection
MTI oving Target Indicator
Multipath Interference and distortion effects due to the presence of more
than one path between transmitter and receiver
NM Nautical ile, unit of distance
OEM Original Equipment anufacturer
Plot extractor Signal-processing equipment which converts receiver video into
digital target reports suitable for transmission by land lines
PPI Plan Position Indicator
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PSR Primary Surveillance Radar
Radar Radio Detection And Ranging
Radome Radio-transparent window used to protect an antenna principally
against the effects of weather
RASS-R Radar Analysis Support Systems – Real-time measurements
RASS-S Radar Analysis Support Systems – Site measurements
RCS Radar Cross Section
RDP Radar Data Processing (system)
RF Radio Frequency
RTQC Real Time Quality Control
RX Receiver
SAC System Area Code
SIC System Identification Code
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SLS Side Lobe Suppression, a technique to avoid eliciting transponder
replies in response to interrogations transmitted via antenna
sidelobes
SLB Side Lobe Blanking
SNR Signal-to-Noise ratio
Squitter Random reply by a transponder not triggered by an interrogation
SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar
STC Sensitivity Time Control
TACAN Tactical Air Navigation
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TIS-B Traffic Information Services, Broadcast
Transponder Airborne unit of the SSR system, detects an interrogator’s
transmission and responds with a coded reply stating either the
aircraft’s identity or its flight level
TX Transmitter
Uplink Ground-to-air signal path
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
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Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
1. TECHNICAL MANUAL RTG1002
This document will describe the technical aspects of the Radar Target Generator RTG1002 and its usage in
three different setups:
1. As a remote test target in a far field setup, using antennas.
2. As 'On site - target injection' connected directly to the radars' Rx.
3. In combination with a towertrack, simulation of ballistic trajectories, is possible in the far field.
1.1. Introduction
This document describes the use of the Intersoft Electronics' Radar Target Generator (RTG1002) for
Primary Radar purposes. The RTG1002 is basically designed to generate primary radar returns and can be
placed in the field (Remote Test Target) or connected to a radar (on site target injection), in this setup a
target can be generated on two channels, the two beams of an ATC radar for example.
In all cases, the RTG1002 will detect and preserve the radar pulse, apply a fixed and highly precise delay
and retransmit the pulse with the appropriate power, pulse-width, frequency and Doppler shift.
The RTG1002 or Radar Target Generator is the key element to provide a true and correct Primary Radar
Environment Simulation. The design was kept versatile, covering with one design the L and S band.
For C-band frequencies there is RTGC1062
For X-band frequencies there is RTGX1063.
For UHF-band frequencies there is RTGU1085.
1.2. Ke Features
The Radar Target Generator produces one or multiple programmable test target(s). The range, speed,
Doppler speed, radar cross section and swerling model are programmable.
The target can be generated either remote from the field, passing through the radar antenna or injected via a
coupler for what is called 'on site target generation'. On site injection allows to inject multiple targets in
various directions on top of real clutter.
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Figure 1: RTG 1002 front panel

Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
1.3. Hardware Description
1.3.1. Block Diagram
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Figure 2: Block Diagra RTG1002

Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
1.3.2. Connectors
•J1 – Rf Input Rx : +10dBm ..-30dBm , 1001 Hz .. 3450 Hz
•J2 – Rf Input onitor : output for monitor purposes = Rx input - 8dB
•J3 – Digital Delay Out: delayed signal, unequalized
•J4 – odulator 2 In : maximum input level +10dBm, +30dBm no damage
•J5 – odulator 2 Out :equalized output vs freq. maximum output level 0dBm
•J6 – Rf Output Tx : equalized output vs freq. maximum output level 0dBm
•J7 – Generator Out : output of white noise generator, -10 dBm maximum integrated output power
•J8 – RASS : Rass – bus, interface for encoder signals, trigger out and Gate output.
•J9 – RASS : Rass – bus, the same bus interface for encoder signals, trigger out and Gate output
•J10 – GPS : DB9 connector for N EA-protocol like Intersofts' compact weatherproof GPS, P619
•J11 – SERIAL : serial output ICARUS or towertrack, motor control.
•J12 – ETHERNET : connection to control the RTG1002 hardware.
•J13 – Network 1 : local embedded PC network connection equivalent to J14
•J14 – Network 2 : local embedded PC network connection equivalent to J13
•J15 – DVI: Digital Video Interface, display output
•J16 – USB2.0 : USB connection for keyboard and mouse.
2. REMOTE TEST TARGET
2.1. Theor
For Remote Test Target (RTT) usage the RTG1002 is deployed in the field, typically connected to two small
horns or Log Periodic Antennas positioned on a pole or tripods with a limited height. This way, the radar
antenna system becomes part of the test. The area where a target can be simulated is limited to the azimuth
of choice and a range further than the chosen position. The simulated target can be moving radial or be
fixed.
The fixed target can appear as point clutter (no Doppler) or can have a simulated Doppler frequency.
2.2. Software
Warning: Before you start making connections, estimate/calculate the distance of the set-
up. Whenever you are close to the radar (<200m) add some attenuation to Tx and Rx plug
before you make the setup. The maximum power level at the input should not exceed
+10dBm and the power level at the output should not exceed +20dBm.
1. Load the RTG1002 SR Target Generation software from the Scenario Generation button in
the PSR Generation section of the RASS-S toolbox.
2. ake sure the network cable is connected between J12 and J13 or J14. Click the little white arrow in
the top left corner to run the vi.
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3. On every available network connection there will be checked if there is an RTG connected.
4. If there is more than one target generator detected, connected to the same network segment (not via
router but connected to a switch for example), a list will pop up and one can select which target
generator to use. Then the calibration files and settings will be loaded into the FPGA to control the
RTG1002. The H I will indicate Booting...
If you want to control the RTG from another computer it's firewall must be turned off.
5. It is possible to connect the RTG1002 to network switch instead of directly to the embedded PC.
Then then RTG1002 can be controlled by multiple users but only one at a time. Warning: if a single
RTG1002 is already controlled by another computer on a network, a second computer can also
control the target generator. This situation must be avoided. When this situation occurs an indicator
will warn about this. The other user may change parameters, like the trigger level in the hardware
without any feedback in your application. The data stream of the received pulses will split up in two
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Figure 3: Booting, RTG para eters

Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
data streams to the two users, so half of the received pulses could be missing. There could be gaps
visible in the shape of the received beam.
2.2.1. Parameters tab
These parameters must be downloaded into the hardware before they can have an effect.
2.2.1.1. Radar parameters
Tx power: peak power of radar transmitter (subtract cable loss towards the radar antenna)
Antenna gain : Gain of radar Tx antenna, expressed in dBi (do not subtract the cable loss again)
Frequency : This frequency is used in the didactical panel to simulate the radar equation, for the test target.
This frequency will be used to display the correct levels for the trigger in the RTG setup software tab. This
frequency will be used for the power detector when the pulse data is displayed in scope mode (when the
frequency is not yet measured).
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Figure 4: Para eters for the radar equation

Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
Freq High and Freq Low : If Operating mode = Fixed target or oving target, then these two parameters
are used to clip the measured frequency to one of these limits when it is outside the interval [Freq low ..Freq
high].
If Freq High is < 1401 Hz then an L-band Low pass filter is used after the vector rotator before the
sampling of the digital delay line. This will avoid harmonics of the Doppler rotation from being sampled.
Therefore it is better to limit freq high to <1400 Hz for L-band radars.
If Operating mode = white noise generation, then these two parameters will determine the bandwidth of the
noise spectrum, reducing the bandwidth will increase the power/ Hz for the noise signal. The maximum
integrated power available at the generator output is around -10dBm.
2.2.1.2. RTG parameters
Antenna TX gain [dBi] , Attenuator A [dB] , Antenna Rx gain [dBi] , Attenuator B [dB]:
These parameters can be entered versus frequency. Cable loss can be compensated for every frequency,
since RTG1002 will perform a frequency measurement on the received pulse. In order to verify the correct
use of the tables for compensation of the cable loss it is possible to display the Rx power and the Rx antenna
power
1. CALCULATE the maximum peak power received by the RTG antenna. Take the following
parameters into account radar Tx power and frequency , radar (Tx) antenna gain, distance of the
setup and the gain of RTG Rx antenna. You can use the didactical panel in the software to assist the
calculations.
2. CALCULATE the attenuation needed for Attenuator B in the setup to reduce calculated peak power
to +10dBm (trigger level possible +10dBm … -35dBm RTG1002 or +5dBm ..-40dBm for RTGX).
Enter the value and check the value for RTG Rx …. dBm.
3. Connect antenna, cables and attenuators to receive the pulses from the radar.
4. Create or load an equalize table for Attenuator B. This table will compensate variations in the cable
loss vs frequency. You can add cables, attenuators, power splitters or amplifiers,... one by one.
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Figure 5: Attenuator A vs frequency for odulator 1

Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
In the example of the previous figure attenuator A consists of 3 separate components:2 attenuators of 30dB
and 1 attenuator of 20dB, the total amount would be 80dB.
The loss of a cable depends on the frequency and the cable length. If for example an attenuation coefficient
for the cable is 0.1dB/(m *GHz), you should multiply it by the cable length in meter and the frequency in
GigaHertz. If you have 10meter of cable the loss would be 1dB at 1GHz and 3dB at 3GHz.
You can enter a frequency table with multiple points, with a precision of 3.7 Hz. The software will interpolate
the values in between data points, but it will not extrapolate.
In the example of the cable, if it is described with only two points at 1 and 3GHz, the values inside the
interval will be interpolated but the loss at 3.3GHz will be considered the same as at 3GHz. So it is
necessary to describe the losses up to the minimum and maximum frequency of operation.
1. The loss of the cable set and all microwave components for L- and S-band applications, supplied
with RTG1002, have all been measured versus frequency. These files are available upon request or
they could be found in the general campaign in the folder exports.
2. Look in scope view at the received pulses, adjust the parameters for the frequency measurement. If
the radar uses different pulse lengths, the shortest pulse width will determine how to measure the
frequency. The power level indicated in the scope view is only calibrated for the frequency entered
as a parameter (the frequency is not yet measured in this view) and for the trigger level also.
3. ake sure the received peak power is the same as the predicted peak power. Especially when the
adaptive beam modulation is used. Every dB of Rx power received less then the predicted peak
power will be reduced from the calculated Tx power. If the powers do not match check the setup.
aybe there is a ground reflection that increases or decreases the power. If you can change the
height of the antenna (possible on a tripod) a variation of 1 meter may already indicate this effect for
S-band radar at a distance of a few hundreds of meter (depending on the radar height).
4. View the input data in ulse View mode. The following views are available:
RX power RTG input : sampled at Sample Offset … us, after the trigger event.
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Figure 6: List of co ponents supllied with RTG1002 loss vs frequency

Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
Frequency: counted, starting from Sample Offset … us, after the trigger event during the 'frequency
measurement period'
ulse width: time between rising and falling edge of the trigger event. If the trigger level is at -3dB
from the pulse level, then pulse width is measured the way it should be.
eriod: elapsed time between the previous trigger event and current one.
Rx antenna power: = RX power RTG input + attenuator B f(measured frequency) [equalize table
mod1]
Tx power RTG output: calculated power of the target, you can verify this power on a spectrum
analyzer. Do not verify this power level on a broadband power detector, because of the spurious
signals. You can see the real time effect of switching the adaptive beam modulation on or off in this
view.
Modulator 2: = modulator 2 - attenuator A f(measured frequency) [equalize table mod2] - attenuator
B f(measured frequency) [equalize table mod2]
This is the value of attenuation between the two S A-connectors of modulator 2. If modulator 2 is
used as an attenuator of -20dB for example but when it is connected with two cables of 2dB loss for
the measured frequency, then the window will indicate the remaining decibels, in this example 16dB.
Time stamp: GPS time stamp of the trigger event, when GPS is connected. If no GPS then this is a
relative time stamp. This may be useful to interpret the timing of the sidelobes of the antenna, when
the trigger level is too low.
2.2.1.3. Target Setup Parameters
Type: The type control determines which swerling case type is being generated. You have the selection
between Fixed RCS and Swerling case I through IV.
•A fixed RCS
•Swerling I modulates the pulse power from scan to scan with a Rayleigh distribution
•Swerling II modulates the pulse power from pulse to pulse with a Rayleigh distribution
•Swerling III modulates the pulse power from scan to scan with a modified distribution (in case of one
main scattering element)
•Swerling IV modulates the pulse power from pulse to pulse with a Rayleigh distribution (in case of
one main scattering element)
RCS: The simulated Radar Cross Section: This parameter determines the amount of power that is being
reflected by a real target and as such also how much power the RTG1002 sends back to the radar. The
power as it would be received by the radar in the simulated condition can be verified in the didactical
drawing.
Following parameters are only relevant when the scenario mode is set to fixed target. For moving target, the
scenario data is used:
•Target Range: this control sets the target range as it would appear on the radar's PPI or output data,
for a fixed target. This control can be set by means of the slider or numerical control.
•Elevation: The elevation of the simulated target. This parameter is used to calculate the lens effect
and the atmospheric attenuation for the target.
•Doppler frequency: This control allows the user to set the correct Doppler frequency for fixed
(static) targets. For moving targets, the Doppler is automatically created using the target known
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speed.
Doppler speed: The speed is linked to the Doppler frequency and visa-versa. If the user modifies
the speed, the frequency is recalculated and when the user enters the frequency, the speed is
recalculated.
2.2.2. Setup tab
The controls in this software tab have an immediate effect when they are changed, no need to download
them first like the parameters.
1. Select the appropriate Trigger level.
2. In scope view it is possible to increase the buffer size, to visualize very large pulse widths or very
long pulse periods.
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Figure 7: Setup tab, scope view of the received pulse

Radar Target Generator - RTG1002 Edition Date: 19-Apr-18
3. Pulse view in two windows, 8 different views are selectable from a drop down list, shown in the next
figure.
4. Doppler Update :
Continuous will generate intrapulse doppler as well as interpulse doppler. It means that range
updates (steps of 21.4 mm) can happen inside the returned pulse. As a result the pulse length can
be slightly shorter for high velocity targets flying inbound. However the phase slope inside the pulse
will still be linear because of the vector rotator that will compensate for the steps. A target with a
speed of 214m/s will need a range update every 100us, If the radar pulse length is 50 us there is a
50% chance of an update in the pulse.
Triggered means the range will be updated from pulse to pulse, no range updates will happen inside
the returned pulse. Therefore the pulse will have the same length as the received pulse. There will
be no intrapulse Doppler shift, but only interpulse Doppler. The vector rotator will not rotating as long
as the pulse is detected, but it will update its position with every new trigger event. This mode can be
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Figure 8: Pulse view with drop down list