Kanardia miniDaqu User manual

miniDaqu
Engine Management System
Manual
© Kanardia d.o.o.
July 2020
Revision 1.2

miniDaqu — Manual
Contact Information
Publisher and producer:
Kanardia d.o.o.
Lopata 24a
SI-3000
Slovenia
Tel: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
A lot of useful and recent information can be also found on the Internet. See
http://www.kanardia.eu for more details.
Copyright
This document is published under the Creative Commons, Attribution-Share-
Alike 3.0 Unported licence. Full license is available on http://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode web page and a bit more human read-
able summary is given on
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. In short, the license
gives you right to copy, reproduce and modify this document if:
 you cite Kanardia d.o.o. as the author of the original work,
 you distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license
to this one.
Credits
This document was written using TeX Live (L
A
T
E
X) based document creation
system using Kile running on Linux operating system. Most of the figures were
drawn using Open Office Draw, Inkscape and QCad applications. Photos and
scanned material was processed using Gimp. All document sources are freely
available on request under the licence mentioned above and can be obtained
by email. Please send requests to [e-mail].
1 © Kanardia 2019-2020

miniDaqu — Manual
Revision History
The following table shows the revision history of this document.
Rev. Date Description
1.0 January 2019 Initial release.
1.1 March 2019 Unified DB9 markings.
1.2 July 2020 Digital PNP sensor schema fix.
© Kanardia 2019-2020 2

miniDaqu — Manual CONTENTS
Contents
1 Introduction 6
1.1 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2 Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Channels .............................. 8
1.3.1 Analog Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.2 Digital Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Installation 10
2.1 GeneralRules............................ 10
2.2 Connectors and Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1 Kanardia CAN Bus Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2 ECU Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 Wiring in General 13
3.1 ConnectionWires.......................... 13
3.2 Daqu Ground Pin (GND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3 ResistiveSensors .......................... 14
3.4 Thermocouples ........................... 14
3.5 Analog Active Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.5.1 Voltage Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.5.2 Current Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.6 Potentiometers ........................... 17
3.6.1 Variable Resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.6.2 Variable Voltage Divider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.7 Digital Active Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.7.1 NPN – Open Collector Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.7.2 PNP – Open Drain Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4 Alarm Signal 19
4.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 Indirect Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.3 Configuration............................ 21
3 © Kanardia 2019-2020

CONTENTS miniDaqu — Manual
5 RPM Signal 22
5.1 Connection ............................. 22
5.2 Configuration............................ 22
6 Rotax iS 23
6.1 ECU CAN Bus Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.2 Configuration............................ 24
6.3 Automatic Start Power Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.3.1 Installation ......................... 24
6.3.2 Configuration........................ 25
6.3.3 Operation.......................... 26
7 ULPower Engines 26
7.1 ECU and AUX Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.2 ECU CAN Bus Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.2.1 OneECU .......................... 28
7.2.2 TwoECUs ......................... 29
7.3 ECU RS-232 Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.4 Configuration............................ 30
8 MWfly Engines 30
8.1 CC-mModule............................ 31
9 Additional Sensors 31
9.1 FuelPressure ............................ 32
9.1.1 Sensor Type Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.1.2 Installation ......................... 32
9.1.3 Variable Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.1.4 Variable Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.2 Fuel Pressure - Rotax iS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.2.1 Configuration for Vented Gage Sensor . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.2.2 Configuration for Absolute Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.3 Voltage ............................... 36
9.3.1 Installation ......................... 36
9.3.2 Configuration........................ 36
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miniDaqu — Manual CONTENTS
9.4 Current ............................... 37
9.4.1 Installation ......................... 37
9.4.2 Configuration........................ 38
9.5 FuelLevel.............................. 38
9.5.1 Configuration........................ 39
9.5.2 Tank Shape Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9.6 Trim, Flap And Other Position Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
9.6.1 Variable Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
9.6.2 Variable Voltage Divider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9.6.3 Min/Max Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9.6.4 RotorRPM......................... 41
9.7 FuelFlow .............................. 42
9.7.1 Installation ......................... 43
9.7.2 Configuration........................ 44
10 Limited Conditions 44
10.1Warranty .............................. 44
10.2TSOInformation.......................... 47
5 © Kanardia 2019-2020

1. Introduction miniDaqu — Manual
1 Introduction
First of all, we would like to thank you for purchasing our product. Mini Daqu
is data acquisition unit designed for monitoring engine parameters. Mini Daqu
reads various engine sensors, processes the readings and transmits them to the
CAN network, where other units can make use of these readings. In addtition,
mini Daqu connects to engine ECU and reads data from it. The data is then
transmitted on the Kanardia CAN network.
We strongly recommend you to carefully read this manual, before you start
connecting mini Daqu unit with your engine sensors. The manual provides
information about the installation of the mini Daqu unit and connecting it
with sensors, probes and transducers.
Daqu comes in two versions:
 Standard, larger version is used for most engines: Rotax, Lycoming,
Continental, UL-Power, Simonini, Hirth, etc. Here, engine sensors are
directly connected to four twelve pin connectors. It also has one five pin
CAN connector and φ5 mm outer diameter intake manifold pressure
connector.
 Mini version a.k.a. Mini Daqu is used for some modern engines equipped
with digital output from their ECU. Here, most engine sensors are con-
nected to ECU and mini Daqu simply reads sensor values from ECU
digital output. Besides information from ECU, mini Daqu allows con-
necting additional sensors like rotor RPM, fuel level, trim position, etc.
Mini Daqu is typically used for Rotax iS, D-motor and UL Power en-
gines. Mini Daqu has only one twelwe pin connector for sensors and
two D-SUB nine pin connectors – one for ECU and the other for CAN
network.
This manual is dedicated to mini Daqu, hereinafter referred to as Daqu.
1.1 General Description
Daqu is en electronics device, which is used to connect various engine sen-
sors, probes and transducers. It reads analogue or digital signals, converts
the signals into digital CAN messages and transmits the messages over CAN
network where other devices connected to the network access these messages.
In addition, it connects to engine ECU unit. The data received from the ECU
is converted and re-transmitted on the CAN network. This way it efficiently
© Kanardia 2019-2020 6

miniDaqu — Manual 1.2 Technical Specifications
uses information available from ECU and only minimal amount of additional
sensors (if any) is required.
Daqu electronics is enclosed in thin anodized aluminum case. Electronics is
designed to sustain elevated ambient temperatures and with some care it can
also be mounted in an engine compartment. A shield is required in this case
as electronics is not waterproof.
Only one cable connects Daqu and other devices on the CAN network. This
cable carries CAN messages and provides power for Daqu. Daqu uses mod-
ified CANaerospace protocol for the communication. A separate document
provides details about this protocol.
1.2 Technical Specifications
Table 1 lists technical specifications and figures 1 and 2 shows principal di-
mensions of Daqu.
Description Value
Weight (without cables) 90 g
Size 76 x 44 x 30 mm
Operational voltage 7–32 V
Current (sensors not connected) 100 mA at 12 V
Current (sensors connected) up to 200 mA at 12 V
Operating temperature –30 ◦Cto +85 ◦C
Humidity 30% to 90%, non condensing
Max current load of 5V power 150 mA
source (both sources together)
Max current load of 12V power 150 mA
source (both sources together)
Digital channels 1: (1xY)
Analog channels 5: (1xC, 2xD, 2xE)
Processor Cortex M3, 60 MHz
ECU Communication RS232, second CAN bus
Communication CAN bus, Kanardia protocol
Connector Engine ECU D-SUB 9 female (cable side)
Connector Kanardia CAN D-SUB 9 male (cable side)
Table 1: Basic technical specifications for mini Daqu.
7 © Kanardia 2019-2020

1.3 Channels miniDaqu — Manual
Clearance for
two CAN connectors
and sensor wires
34
44
76
88
5350
Figure 1: Dimensions and connection clearence of mini Daqu – Top View.
34
76
Figure 2: Dimensions and connection clearence of mini Daqu – Front View.
1.3 Channels
Daqu has digital type and analog type channels where each type has several
versions. Some channels are using two pins and some only one. They are
designated using capital letters.
1.3.1 Analog Channels
Most of the channels on Daqu are analog. They appear in following variations:
© Kanardia 2019-2020 8

miniDaqu — Manual 1.3 Channels
C– analog channel with 0 to +30 V input, used to read higher voltage levels.
Only one such channel is available and is used to measure the system
voltage.
E– analog channels with 0 to +5 V input. They are mostly used to read
active sensors. Active sensors require power in order to operate properly.
Do NOT connect any sensor with an output greater than +5 V. This
will permanently damage the unit. This channel has also a current
generator, which used to measure resistance in low resitance range. The
following currents are used to measure resistance.
 for 0–200 Ω range – 20 mA current,
 for 0–400 Ω range – 10 mA current,
 for 0–1000 Ω range – 5 mA current.
The channel is typically used to connect resistive fuel level sensors.
F– This is the same as E channels with an additional possibility to connect
current output sensors (4 mA – 20 mA). For this reason it has an internal
120 Ω resistor. Rotax oil pressure is an example of such sensor.
1.3.2 Digital Channels
The digital channels are used to measure time between pulses. Typical sensors
connected to digital channels are rotor RPM and fuel flow. Mini Daqu uses
only one digital channel.
Y– Used for signals with nice shape and voltage level, like rotor RPM
sensors, fuel flow sensors, etc. Time between signals and sometimes
duty cycle is measured. The signal voltage can be in 0-30 V range. The
channel is able to process from 1.25 to 1000 pulses per second. The
upper limit equals to 20 pulses per revolution at 3000 PRM or 10 pulses
at 6000 RPM. On lower end this equals to 75 RPM at one pulse per
revolution, 37.5 RPM at two pulses per revolution and 7.5 RPM at 10
pulses per revolution.
More details and examples of channel use are given in forthcoming chapters.
9 © Kanardia 2019-2020

2. Installation miniDaqu — Manual
2 Installation
This section reveals details about Daqu mechanical installation and main con-
nectors. This section does not tell much about configuration and installation
of sensors, probes and transducers. A separate section with general principles
starts on page 13.
2.1 General Rules
Daqu shall be installed close to the engine in order to keep the sensor cables
short. This can save significant weight on cables.
It may be installed on the engine side of the firewall providing that it is not
under direct influence of engine and/or exhaust heat.
The orientation or position of Daqu is not critical. Just make sure that Daqu
connectors are easily accessible and sensor cables are guided properly. A good
access to sensor connectors significantly simplifies the wiring, troubleshooting,
service and maintenance.
Daqu must NOT be mounted directly on the motor or on a place where
significant vibrations may occur.
Daqu is not waterproof. Significant measures were made to protect Daqu
electronics from moisture, but direct contact with fluid will cause invalid
sensor readings or even permanent failure. So when you install Daqu in engine
compartment, make sure that Daqu will not be exposed to fluids or moisture.
Do not put Daqu under coolant expansion bottle.
Please consider that flying trough rain delivers vast amount of water into
engine compartment. If Daqu is in engine compartment, please make sure
that this water will not reach it. If you intent to fly trough rain, the best way
is to enclose Daqu with watertight compartment.
Daqu is not shipped with the mounting hardware. You may use any appro-
priate removable fittings that suit the need – just do not use rivets.
2.2 Connectors and Cables
Power, CAN and ECU connector details are presented in this section. Sensor
connectors are described in a separate chapter.
Mini Daqu has two D-SUB 9 connectors as shown on figure 3. The left
connector is used to connect mini Daqu to Kanardia CAN bus, which also
© Kanardia 2019-2020 10

miniDaqu — Manual 2.2 Connectors and Cables
supplies power. The right connector is used to connect mini Daqu to engine
ECU, Rotax iS for example.
Kanardia CAN bus Engine ECU
N/C
GND
1
5
69
15
9
6
CAN A low
RS 232 R
CAN A high
RS 232 T
CAN B low
CAN B high
View from
soldering side
15
69
51
96
Relay out- Relay out+
+12V+12V +12V+12V
CAN low
CAN high
GND GND
RPM out- RPM out+
Figure 3: Details of the mini Daqu connectors. The left is used for Kanardia
CAN bus and the right connects to an engine ECU.
The 12 pin connector on top is used to connect additional sensors and probes.
2.2.1 Kanardia CAN Bus Connector
This connector is used to connect Daqu to Kanardia CAN bus system. It also
brings power for Daqu at the same time. On the Daqu cable side, a male
D-SUB 9 connector is needed. The pinout of the connector is given in table
2. On the other side of the cable is usually RJ45 connector. Figure 4 shows
details of RJ45 pins.
11 © Kanardia 2019-2020

2.2 Connectors and Cables miniDaqu — Manual
A
A
A-A
+12VGND
CAN
low
CAN
high
Figure 4: Details of the RJ45 connector.
Pins 5 and 9 on the D-SUB 9 can be used to send the RPM signal out, for
some other instrument (e.g. propeller pitch controller). The pins are not
connected to the CAN cable. Two separate wires must soldered directly to
the pins and routed to the instrument.
Table 2: Daqu CAN bus connector pinout.
Pin Description
1 +12 V - power supply for Daqu
2 CAN low
3 GND - ground
4 Not used
5 RPM out +
6 +12 V - power supply for Daqu
7 CAN high
8 GND - ground
9 RPM out -
2.2.2 ECU Connector
This connector is used to connect Daqu and engine ECU. Normally, not all
pins are used. Some ECUs are connected via CAN bus and some are connected
as a RS-232 device. On the Daqu cable side, a female D-SUB 9 connector
is needed. On the other side of the cable are free ends. The pinout of the
connector is given in table 3.
© Kanardia 2019-2020 12

miniDaqu — Manual 3. Wiring in General
This connector also host two pins, which can drive an external relay. This
can be used for automatic start switch or to trigger some external alarm.
Table 3: Daqu ECU connector pinout.
Pin Description
1 GND - ground
2 RS232 RX
3 RS232 TX
4 CAN B high
5 Relay out - (or Alarm -)
6 CAN A low
7 CAN A high
8 CAN B low
9 Relay out + (or Alarm +)
3 Wiring in General
This section reveals some basic principles of correct wiring. Not all options
are described, just typical and most common ones. The following schematics
shall be considered as general wiring help. There are also other sensors that
Daqu can make use of and are not described here.
When you encounter a problem, contact Kanardia and we will try to provide
you with a solution.
See your sensor manual and specifications before wiring and installing sensor.
Follow the sensor instructions. Make sure that the wires are secured and they
will not get loose due to vibrations.
3.1 Connection Wires
Tefzel (or similar grade insulation) is recommended for all wires. The signal
wires thickness shall be AWG 22 unless other thickness is recommended.
3.2 Daqu Ground Pin (GND)
NEVER connect any Daqu ground pin (GND) directly to the aircraft or engine
block or to common system ground. Routing ground through aircraft/engine
13 © Kanardia 2019-2020

3.3 Resistive Sensors miniDaqu — Manual
block will not damage Daqu, but will create unnecessary ground loops, which
in turn may cause incorrect readings from the engine sensors, especially resis-
tive ones.
Daqu ground pin should be used only when:
1. An active sensor is installed and GND pin is used together with some
power +5/+12 V pin to power the sensor and sensor signal is connected
to E, F or Y channels.
2. Isolated resistive (two wire) sensor is installed and GND pin is used as
a reference ground for the sensor. In this case sensor is connected to an
E channel.
3.3 Resistive Sensors
E and F channels are designed to apply a large enough measuring current,
and consequently also a large enough voltage difference in order to measure
resistance. The current and voltage are still low enough to be safe to be used
for fuel level sensors submerged in fuel. Figure 5 illustrates connection.
R
C1
2
1
+
-
BAT
V
GND 3
+5 V 4
AUX 5
6F1
F2
FUEL
P
E27FL 2
GND 8
E19FL 1
Y110ROTOR
GND
+12 V 11
12
Figure 5: Resistive sensor connection on E channel.
3.4 Thermocouples
Thermocouples can not be connected to mini Daqu. If thermocouples are
essential, then a modified version of standard Daqu must be used.
© Kanardia 2019-2020 14

miniDaqu — Manual 3.5 Analog Active Sensors
3.5 Analog Active Sensors
Active sensors require external power to operate and provide some active
signal. Some sensors require 12 V and some 5 V to operate. These sensors are
often used to measure various pressures and, fuel levels, etc. An active sensor
has its own built-in electronics, which takes care for voltage fluctuations. This
makes their signal more stable and robust.
Most of these sensors fall into one of two groups:
 Sensors with voltage output.
 Sensors with current output.
3.5.1 Voltage Output
Daqu can connect sensors with varying voltage output signal in range of 0-5
V. These sensors can connect to E or F channels.
An active sensor with voltage output usually has three wires. +5/+12 V
sensor input wire is connected to appropriate +5/+12 V pin on Daqu, ground
wire to GND on Daqu and the sensor signal output wire to one of B, D, E or
F channels.
The sensor signal output voltage must be limited to 5 V. Higher voltage may
permanently damage Daqu.
A few different standards appear within this voltage range.
 0.5 – 4.5 V output range is the most frequent one. The sensor outputs
0.5 V when not loaded and 4.5 V when it is maximally loaded.
 0–5V output range. Sensor outputs 0.0 V, when not loaded and 5 V
on maximal load.
 0.25 – 4.75 V output range. Sensor outputs 0.25 V, when not loaded
and 4.75 V on maximal load.
Figure 6 illustrates an example of active sensor with voltage output connected
to an E channel. The sensor requires 5 V to operate, but some other sensor
might require 12 V. Check sensor’s specs.
15 © Kanardia 2019-2020

3.5 Analog Active Sensors miniDaqu — Manual
V
C1
2
1
+
-
BAT
V
GND 3
+5 V 4
AUX 5
6F1
F2
FUEL
P
E27FL 2
GND 8
E19FL 1
Y110ROTOR
GND
+12 V
Signal 0-5V
11
12
Figure 6: An example of active sensor with voltage output.
3.5.2 Current Output
Some active sensors have varying current. The current vary between 4 mA
when sensor is unloaded and 20 mA when sensor is fully loaded. These sensors
are connected F channels only. These channels have an internal 220 Ω resistor,
which is automatically engaged when current output sensor is selected.
Sensors may have two or three wires. +5/+12 V input is connected to ap-
propriate +5/+12 V pin. Signal is connected to one of the F channels, see
Figure 7. The third wire is connected to the GND. Some sensors do not
require GND connection as they are grounded via engine block.
A
4 - 20 mA
C1
2
1
+
-
BAT
V
GND 3
+5 V 4
AUX 5
6F1
F2
FUEL
P
E27FL 2
GND 8
E19FL 1
Y110ROTOR
GND
+12 V 11
12
Figure 7: An example of active sensor with current output. Symbol A stands
for Ampere which is synonym for electrical current. For some sensors
connection with GND is not required.
© Kanardia 2019-2020 16

miniDaqu — Manual 3.6 Potentiometers
3.6 Potentiometers
Some resistive sensors are in fact potentiometers (fuel level, trim, etc.). They
can be connected as variable resistors or as variable voltage dividers.
3.6.1 Variable Resistor
Section 3.3 applies, when they are connected as variable resistors. Figure 8
shows and example of variable resistor connection. One of F channels is used
in this case, but E could be used as well.
C1
2
1
+
-
BAT
V
GND 3
+5 V 4
AUX
Not used
5
6F1
F2
FUEL
P
E27FL 2
GND 8
E19FL 1
Y110ROTOR
GND
+12 V 11
12
R
Figure 8: An example of potentiometer, connected as variable resistor to a F
channel.
3.6.2 Variable Voltage Divider
The same potentiometer can be also connected as a voltage divider. A voltage
is applied across the potentiometer and the varying part is connected to one
of E or F channels. Supplying voltage must not exceed 5V. In this case, the
output voltage will remain within 0-5 V interval. Figure 9 illustrates possible
connection.
17 © Kanardia 2019-2020

3.7 Digital Active Sensors miniDaqu — Manual
C1
2
1
+
-
BAT
V
GND 3
+5 V 4
AUX 5
6F1
F2
FUEL
P
E27FL 2
GND 8
E19FL 1
Y110ROTOR
GND
+12 V 11
12
R
Figure 9: An example of potentiometer, connected as variable voltage divider.
3.7 Digital Active Sensors
Digital active sensors require external power to operate. They produce a step
like signal, which can be viewed at as pulses. Daqu measures time between
these pulses. Such sensors are used for measuring rotor RPM and fuel flow.
Digital pulses are typically accompanied with a pulse divider value. This value
tell how many pulses are needed for one event. The value varies in regards to
the sensor type and intended function. For RPM measurements, the divider
equals to number of digital pulses for one revolution. In the case of fuel flow,
the divider equals to number of pulses required per one litre.
The pulse sensors are typically of two types NPN or PNP.
Attention must be paid to apply correct voltage for the sensor. Figures show
connection to a 12 V, but some sensor may require 5 V.
3.7.1 NPN – Open Collector Output
Figure 10 illustrates a typical connection for the NPN case. Here all wires are
connected directly.
© Kanardia 2019-2020 18