Kingston Technology Kingston Fast EtheRx KNS1650/R User manual

KINGSTON TECHNOLOGY
FAST ETHERX 16-PORT,
24-PORT & 32-PORT
10/100TX RACK-MOUNTABLE
FAST ETHERNET SWITCH
USER’S GUIDE
MODEL(S): KNS1650/R
KNS2450/R
KNS3250/R

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
i
Kingston Technology’s
Fast EtheRx 16-Port,
24-Port, & 32-Port
10/100BASE-TX
Rack-Mountable
Fast Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Part No. 4460186-001.A00
Kingston Technology Company
17600 Newhope
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
[phone]
www.kingston.com

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
ii
Important Safety Instructions
1. Read all these instructions.
2. Save these instructions for later use.
3. Follow all warnings and instructions marked on the product.
4. Do not use this product near water.
5. This product should be operated from the type of power
source indicated on the marking label. If you are not sure
of the type of power available, consult your dealer or local
power company.
6. Do not attempt to service this product yourself, as opening
or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage
points or other risk. Refer all servicing to service
personnel.
Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise
1. Diese Hinweise sollten vollständig durchgelesen werden.
2. Diese Hinweise für einen späteren Gebrauch
aufbewahren.
3. Allen auf dem Gerät angebrachten Warnungen und Hinweisen
folgen.
4. Das Gerät nicht in der Nähe von Wasser verwenden.
5. Das Gerät nur mit dem Aufkleber bezeichneten Netzspannung
betreiben. Bei Fragen über die Art der Netzspannung sollte
der Händler oder dasEnergieversorgungsunternehmen zu rate
gezogen werden.
6. Nicht versuchen das Produkt selbst zu reparieren. In allen
Produkten existieren gefährliche elektrische Spannugen.
Nicht das Gehäuse öffnen.

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................1
Special Features .................................................................................2
Package Contents ...............................................................................3
Design Features..................................................................................4
Hardware Installation.......................................................................................6
Front Panel .........................................................................................6
Rear Panel ..........................................................................................7
Software Installation ........................................................................................8
Switch Conguration Utility............................................................................8
Device Conguration Main Screen....................................................8
Device Conguration Properties......................................................11
System ................................................................................11
Port .....................................................................................13
Trunk Assignment ..............................................................15
VLAN.................................................................................19
Explicit Address Table........................................................22
Using the Switch Conguration Utility .........................................................24
Editing a Conguration File.............................................................24
Sending the Current Conguration to the Switch ............................25
Assigning Trunks and Setting VLAN Groups .................................27
Troubleshooting ............................................................................................33
Appendices
Appendix A Pin Assignments...........................................................36
Appendix B Cabling Guidelines ......................................................37
Appendix C Specications...............................................................40
Appendix D Fiber FX Modules and Installation..............................42
Appendix E Mounting Templates ....................................................44
Appendix F Product Warranties and Notices ...................................45
Limited Warranty Statement...............................................45
Duration of Warranty..........................................................45
Free Technical Support.......................................................46
Disclaimers.........................................................................46
F.C.C. Certication.............................................................47
CE Notice ...........................................................................47
C-Tick Certication............................................................47

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
iv

KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Introduction 1
Introduction
Intended Audience: This manual assumes that the user has a general working
knowledge of networking principles and architecture and is familiar with network
systems in general.
Congratulations on the purchase of your new Kingston Fast EtheRx
10/100BASE-TX Rack-Mountable Fast Ethernet Switch. There are three models
available, the KNS1650/R, the KNS2450/R and the KNS3250/R, 16-ports,
24-ports and 32-ports, respectively. The Fast EtheRx Switch is a high-performance
10/100BASE-TX switch ideal for the small-to-medium businesses. The Fast
EtheRx Switch has sixteen (16), twenty-four (24) or thirty-two (32) UTP ports
(depending on model) that auto-negotiate speed detection for 10/100BASE-TX
and half-duplex / full-duplex mode operation. The Kingston Fast EtheRx Switch
allows standard 10BASE-T Ethernet networks to communicate with 100BASE-TX
Fast Ethernet networks and to segment both 10Mbps and 100Mbps networks.
The KNS1650/R, KNS2450/R, and KNS3250/R switches also provide additional
features such as VLAN, link trunking, broadcast storm control, secure mode trafc
ltering and ow control. The Fast EtheRx Switch complies with IEEE802.3u
100BASE-TX, IEEE802.3i 10BASE-T, IEEE 802.3x and IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD
Ethernet Standards.
The Fast EtheRx Switch may be used in both standard desktop and 19” rack-
mount installations (using the mounting brackets provided with the unit). For
easy recognition of network status and troubleshooting, the front panel includes
a variety of diagnostic LEDs including Power, 100TX Speed Detection, Link,
Receive, Transmit, Collision, and Full-Duplex status.
For the remainder of this manual, the KNS1650/R, KNS2450/R, and KNS3250/R
will be referred to collectively as the Fast EtheRx Switch.

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
2 Model Types
Model Types
KNS3250/R
LINK / ACT
LINK / ACT
FDX / COL
POWER
FDX / COL
Fast EtheRx 10/100TX
32-Port VLAN/Trunking Switch
2/FX2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
1/FX1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
100 Mbps 10 Mbps FDX COL
FX Module
2/FX2 4 6 8
1/FX1 3 5 7
10 12 14 16
9 11 13 15
18 20 22 24
17 19 21 23
26 28 30 32
25 27 29 31
2/FX2 4 6 8
9 11 13 15
10 12 14 16
17 19 21 23
18 20 22 24
1/FX1 3 5 7
Fast EtheRx 10/100TX
24-Port VLAN/Trunking Switch
KNS2450/R
LINK / ACT
FDX / COL
POWER
LINK / ACT
FDX / COL
2/FX2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
1/FX1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
100 Mbps
10 Mbps
FDX
COL
FX Module
Fast EtheRx 10/100TX
16-Port VLAN/Trunking Switch
KNS1650/R
LINK / ACT
FDX / COL
POWER
1/FX1 2/FX2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
100 Mbps
FDX
LINK / ACT =
FDX / COL =
10 Mbps
COL
FX Module 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 161/FX1 2/FX2 3 4
Fig.1 - KNS1650/R, KNS2450/R, & KNS3250/R
Special Features
• Provides automatic switching function between 100BASE-TX and
10BASE-T networks.
• Sixteen (16), twenty-four (24), or thirty-two (32) auto-negotiating
ports for 10/100Mbps operation.
• Trunking capabilities,
• Supports 16, 24, or 32 port-based VLANs.
• 16, 24, or 32 UTP ports that auto-negotiate 10/100Mbps operation.
• Auto-negotiates full- or half-duplex operation.
• Store-and-Forward switching approach to minimize re-transmission
of faulty packets.
• Filtering/Forwarding rate of 148,800 packets per second at 100Mbps.
• Filtering/Forwarding rate of 14,880 packets per second at 10Mbps.
• 1K active address entry table per device with self-learning and table aging.
• 2 MB packet buffer per eight ports.

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Package Contents 3
Package Contents
Your Fast EtheRx package should contain the following items:
q One of the following model Fast EtheRx switches:
• KNS1650/R
• KNS2450/R
• KNS3250/R
q AC Power Cord
q Kingston Switch Conguration Utility oppy diskette
q Conguration Cable
q Mounting kit including:
(2) Angle Brackets
(4) Mounting Bracket Screws
(4) 10/32” Rack-Mount thumb screws
(4) Rubber Feet
q User’s Guide
If any of the items are missing or damaged, please contact your Kingston dealer
for a replacement. Be sure the items you receive are genuine Kingston Technology
products. If the Kingston name and logo are not on the front panel of your unit, it’s
not a genuine Kingston product.

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
4 Design Features
Design Features
VLAN
VLAN is short for Virtual Local Area Network, and is generally dened as
a broadcast domain. It can be viewed as a group of end nodes which can
communicate with each other even though they may be located on different
physical network segments.
The Fast EtheRx switch provides a simple solution to protect your network against
broadcast storming by creating segments based on Layer 2 Ethernet information.
As a result, each group of stations connected to a seperate segmented port form
an isolated Broadcast Domain. In a switched network environment, a broadcast
packet or an unknown destination MAC address packet will broadcast to ALL
ports, which can decrease the entire network system performance dramatically. By
grouping ports into VLANs, broadcast packets will only be sent to the ports within
the same VLAN without effecting the trafc of the ports outside of the VLAN.
Broadcast sharing ports can be used to connect servers and other common services,
such as Internet access, that are used by all the stations connected to the different
segmented ports.
Typically users are grouped according to similar characteristics such as a common
business function or a common protocol. A single switch may have several
independent VLANs within it.
Link Trunking
Link trunking is basically a method of treating multiple physical links as a
single logical link. By grouping ports into a trunk, you can increase the available
bandwidth between switches or servers. Multiple lower speed links can be grouped
into a single higher speed link. For example, four full-duplex 100Mbps link, such
as ports 1 through 4, can be grouped as a single 800Mbps link as Trunk 1.
Switching Function
The Fast EtheRx Switch is basically designed to bridge Standard 10BASE-T
Ethernet networks to 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet networks and to segment
10Mbps or 100Mbps network segments.
Auto-Negotiation
Auto-Negotiation provides the means of automatically establishing a link by
detecting the link capabilities of the connected device on the network to select the
best operational mode available (i.e. 100BASE-TX/10BASE-T selection, half- /
full-duplex mode operation, etc.)

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Design Features 5
Full-Duplex
Full-Duplex transmission means that dedicated inbound and outbound channels
are established for bi-directional transmission of data. This allows the collision
detection mechanism (CSMA/CD) to be by-passed, thus decreasing transmission
delay normally caused by listening, collisions, and packet resends when operating
in half-duplex mode.
Store-and-Forward Switching
The Fast EtheRx Switch uses a packet-forwarding method called Store-and-
Forward, which minimizes the re-transmission of faulty data packets. This means
that the Fast EtheRx Switch can store the incoming frame in an internal buffer
and check the packet for errors before sending it out to the destination port. If the
frame does contain errors, it will be discarded and then retransmitted.
Flow Control
In half-duplex mode the Fast EtheRx Switch implements a collision-based
backpressure ow control mechanism that reduces the risk of data loss at congested
ports. This is accomplished by forcing a collision with the data frames on all ports
once the free-buffer queue has reached the pre-set minimum.
In full-duplex mode the Fast EtheRx Switch implements the IEEE 802.3x ow
control mechanism. This is accomplished by sending a PAUSE packet on a port
when the number of buffers allocated to this port exceeds the pre-set minimum.

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
6 Hardware Installation
Hardware Installation
Before you begin installing network cables, please take a few moments to
familiarize yourself with Fast EtheRx Switch. The functions on the front and rear
panels are illustrated in the following sections.
Front Panel
KNS3250/R
LINK / ACT
LINK / ACT
FDX / COL
POWER
FDX / COL
Fast EtheRx 10/100TX
32-Port VLAN/Trunking Switch
2/FX2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
1/FX1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
100 Mbps 10 Mbps FDX COL
FX Module
2/FX2 4 6 8
1/FX1 3 5 7
10 12 14 16
9 11 13 15
18 20 22 24
17 19 21 23
26 28 30 32
25 27 29 31
Power LED
Full Duplex /Collision LEDs
Link /Activity LEDs
Fiber FX Module (Optional)
10/100BASE-TX
UTP Ports
Fig. 2 KNS2450/R Front Panel
Power LED
The PWR LED indicates the power status of the Fast EtheRx Switch. The LED
will light up steady green when the AC power cord is connected to the unit from
a power source.
Link / Activity LED
The LINK/ACT LED uses a single LED to display two functions. A steady green
light indicates that a good link has been established, and a ashing green light
indicates when data is being received or transmitted. If the LED does not display
solid green indicating a good link, check the following:
1. Make sure that the power is turned on for both the Fast EtheRx Switch
and the attached device.
2. Verify that the drivers for the network adapter have been loaded on the
PC. Some network adapters require that the driver be loaded before
establishing a proper link.
3. Make sure the cable is wired properly and connected on both ends.
4. Make sure the correct cable type has been selected.
5. If steps 1 through 4 are correct, please check the cable, as it may be
defective or wired incorrectly. Replace the cable and try again. Please
refer to Appendix A for Pin Assignments and Appendix B for Cabling
Guidelines.

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Hardware Installation 7
Full Duplex and Collision LED
The FDX/COLL LED uses a single color LED to display two functions. A solid
green light indicates that Full-Duplex operation has been detected. A ashing
amber light indicates that a collision has occurred in half-duplex mode. Full-
Duplex mode is auto-negotiated on all UTP ports.
Fiber FX module port (optional)
The ber FX module port can be used with an optional MT-RJ, ST, or SC ber
module. Port 1 & 2 on the switch are associated with this module. If the optional
module is used, then port 1 & 2 on the switch can not be used. For more details on
the modules and instructions on installing them, please refer to Appendix D - Fiber
FX Modules and installation.
10/100TX UTP Ports
The Fast EtheRx Switch has 16, 24, or 32 (depending on model) UTP ports that
auto-negotiate both 100BASE-TX and 10BASE-T connections, as well as half- or
full-duplex operation.
Rear Panel
100-240VAC
50-60Hz
.07A MAX
CONFIGURATION PORT
Configuration Port AC Power Connector
Fig.3 - Rear Panel
AC Power Connector
The Fast EtheRx Switch uses a 100-240VAC internal power supply. Connect the
AC power cord from the back of the unit to an AC electrical outlet.
Conguration Port
The Fast EtheRx Switch can be managed using the Kingston Switch Conguration
Utility by connecting the conguration cable from the Conguration Port to the
parallel port on the back of your host computer.

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
8 Software Installation
Software Installation
The Fast EtheRx Switch has several advanced features which can be congured
from a Windows 95, 98, NT or 2000 workstation using the provided conguration
cable. The software utility allows for VLAN, link trunking, broadcast storm
control, secure mode trafc ltering and ow control conguration. The switch
conguration software can only be installed on a Windows 95, 98, NT or 2000
system. To install the software, follow the directions below:
1. Insert the Switch Conguration Utility diskette into the oppy disk drive.
2. Go to the Start menu and select Run.
3. Type in A:\SETUP and click OK.
4. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the installation process.
Switch Conguration Utility
Upon launch, the Device Conguration main screen contains will appear as shown
below.
Device Conguration Main Screen
File
This option brings up the default conguration settings for the currently selected
device type.

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Kingston Switch Conguration Utility 9
Use this option to open a previously saved conguration le.
Save the current conguration to a switch conguration le.
Save the current conguration with another le name.
Device Type
Choose the type of device that is connected for conguration. There are six types
which can be selected, the 16, 24 and 32 port models, with or without the ber
option.
Printer Port I/O Address
This option should be used to select the Input /Output Range associated with the
printer port on your computer. To nd out what the setting should be follow the
procedure below:
1. Go to Start, Settings and select Control Panel.
2. Double click on the System icon.
3. Go to the Device Manager.
4. Open up the Ports (COM & LPT) heading by click on the plus sign next to the
heading.
5. Highlight the Printer Port (LPT1) and click on the Properties button.
6. Go to the Resources tab and the Input/Output Range should be displayed. This
is the value which needs to be selected in the Switch Conguration Utility.
Use the properties button to begin conguration settings. A
window with 5 different conguration tabs will be brought up.
After modifying the switch conguration, the settings can be
written to the device if desired. Conguration data can also be
viewed by selecting this option after selecting Read.

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
10 Kingston Switch Conguration Utility
Use this button to save the current conguration data to the device. After a
successful write operation, the device automatically resets and initializes the new
conguration.
If the write operation fails, check the following:
• Verify the conguration cable is well connected.
• Ensure that the conguration cable is connected directly from the PC to
the Switch. If any other devices are connected to the PC’s printer port, please
disconnect them before attempting the conguration of the switch.
• Check the host PC to verify that the drivers for the Printer Port (LPT1) are
installed correctly.
• Make sure the I/O address selected in the Printer Port I/O Address eld
matches the actual setting on the host PC.
Use this button to read the conguration data from the device. If the operation is
successful, the current conguration will become _Inside_Device_Conguration.
This button will write the factory default settings to the switch.
Use this button to quit the Switch Conguration Utility.

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Kingston Switch Conguration Utility 11
Device Conguration Properties
System
Parameters adjusted in this window will control overall system performance.
SuperMAC
• Enable: When a collision occurs, the port on which the collision occurs will
perform a more aggressive back off algorithm of up to 3 slots.
• Disable: This is the default setting, when a collision occurs, the device will
perform the IEEE802.3 standard exponential backoff algorithm.
Aging Control
• Enable: By default this option is enabled and set with an aging time of 255
seconds. When enabled, learned MAC addresses are discarded after
the aging time has been reached. The aging time can be set between
1 and 510 seconds.
• Disable: The Fast EtheRx Switch will retain the learned source MAC
addresses for each port.
Only dynamically learned addresses will be aged. No explicit (static) entries will
be aged out.

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
12 Kingston Switch Conguration Utility
Aging Time
The address-aging timer is built in to the table aging process. The minimum time is
1 second and the maximum is 510 seconds. 255 is the default value, if the number
exceeds 255 it must be an even number.
Broadcast Storm Control Threshold
The Broadcast storm control function limits the number of consecutive broadast
packets for each port that has Broadcast Storm Control enabled. The broadcast
packets are stored in the buffer and sent to the other ports one by one. In the buffer,
when the number of stored broadcast packets exceeds the specied threshold, the
device will discard the consecutive incoming broadcast packets until the number
of stored broadcast packets is below the threshold. The assignable values are 16,
32, 48 and 64 with 64 being the default.
Description
This is basically a comment section for notes by the user. Up to 2048 characters
can be written. This description can only be saved and read from the disk le, the
information is not stored on the device itself.

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Kingston Switch Conguration Utility 13
Port
Individual port parameters are congured from this window. Select the port from
the window on the left hand side and then modify the parameters on the right. Use
the Apply to Other Ports button to assign the same setting to other ports.
Port Selection
Designates the port to be congured.
Security
• Enable: Packets which result in security violations at the designated port
will be discarded. Security violations would happen if a packet is
received from an unknown source MAC address or a source MAC
address learned previously from another port. Once enabled, the
device will disable address learning and the aging process for
this port. Users should add the MAC address of the workstation
connected to this port to the address table if they do not want the
packets to be discarded.
• Disable: The forwarding decision made about packets received from the port
will not involve source MAC address checking. This is the default
option.

Kingston Technology Company KNS3250/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
14 Kingston Switch Conguration Utility
Address Learning
• Enable: This option is enabled by default, which will cause the MAC address
of the source of a packet to be learned.
• Disable: When disabled, the MAC address of the source of a packet from this
port will not be learned.
Broadcast Storm Control
• Enable: If the accumulated consecutive broadcast packets in the input
buffer of a port is over the threshold specied by the value of
the Broadcast Storm Control Threshold on the System Page, new
incoming broadcast packets will be discarded until the number has
been reduced below the threshold.
• Disable: Disabled by default, this option ensures the broadcast packet will not
be throttled.
Full Duplex Flow Control
• Enable: Enabled by default, this option allows the 802.3x full duplex ow
control mechanism.
• Disable: When disabled, the 802.3x ow control mechanism is not used in
full duplex mode.
Auto-Negotiation
• Enable: Enabled by default, this option allows the port to determine the
Data Rate and Duplex Mode of the attached device.
• Disable: Disabling this option allows the user to specify the Data Rate and
Duplex Mode settings manually.
Note: If using the port with the ber (FX) interface, this option is disabled.
Data Rate
The user may specify the data transmission rate for the selected port.
Note: If using the port with the ber (FX) interface, this option is xed at
100Mbps.
Duplex Mode
The user may specify full duplex or half duplex mode for this port.
Apply to Other Ports
When the Apply to Other Ports button is selected, a popup window will appear
allowing you to select any other ports that you wish to have the same conguration
as the currently selected port.

KNS3250/R Users Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Kingston Switch Conguration Utility 15
Trunk Assignment
The Kingston KNS1650R, KNS2450R, and KNS3250R switches support link
aggregation/trunking. Trunking is a method of grouping multiple physical links
as a single logical link. The benet is to be able to group multiple lower speed
links into one high speed link for bandwidth aggregation. For instance, four full
duplex 100Mbps links, such as port 1-4, could be grouped into one 800Mbps link
for Trunk 1. Trunking is most commonly used between the switch and server or
between two switches.
See the chart below for the maximum number of trunks per switch:
Switch Model Number of Trunks
KNS1650/R 16 Port Switch Up to 4 Trunks
KNS2450/R 24 Port Switch Up to 6 Trunks
KNS3250/R 32 Port Switch Up to 8 Trunks
Each port based trunk can have between 2-4 trunk ports as members of the trunk.
MAC Address based trunks must have 4 trunk ports per trunk.