Kobalt KJR 1040-03 User manual

SS22007
Questions, problems, missing parts? Before returning to your retailer, call our customer
service department at 888-3KOBALT (888-356-2258), 8 a.m.-8 p.m., EST,
Monday-Sunday. You could also contact us at [email protected].
ATTACH YOUR RECEIPT HERE
KOBALT and logo design are trademarks or
registered trademarks of LF, LLC. All rights
reserved.
Serial Number Purchase Date
Español p. 17
ITEM # 5149482
40V PORTABLE HYBRID
RADIO & BLUETOOTH®SPEAKER
MODEL #KJR 1040-03

2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Product Specications...................................................................................... 2
Package Contents............................................................................................3
Safety Information............................................................................................4
Preparation....................................................................................................... 7
Operating Instructions...................................................................................... 8
Care and Maintenance...................................................................................10
Troubleshooting.............................................................................................. 10
Warranty.........................................................................................................10
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
COMPONENT SPECIFICATION
AC Power Adaptor 120V~ 60Hz
Voltage for DC Operation 40 V
Speaker Power (2) Woofer: 40W; (2) Tweeter: 20W
IP (Ingress Protection) Grade IP64*
AUX Connector 3.5 mm
Bluetooth®Version V5.0
Bluetooth®Range Up to 150 ft.
USB Output 5 V , 2.1 A
Recommended Operating and Storage
Temperature
41°F (5°C) - 104°F (40°C)
* NOTE: IP64 is true when the USB/AUX ports and the DC Socket are covered.
The Bluetooth®word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
and any use of such marks by KOBALT is under license.

3
PACKAGE CONTENTS
V W X
S R Q
I
J
K
D
C
B
H G F E M
N
O
P
UT
L
A

4
PACKAGE CONTENTS
PART DESCRIPTION PART DESCRIPTION
A Display M Battery-release Button
B Volume + Button N Storage Pocket
C Volume – Button O Clock Battery Door
D Mode Button P Battery Pack Port
E Tune/Seek Up Q Rubber Cover
F Play/Pause/Preset Button R USB Power Port (Type C)
G Tune/Seek Down S AUX (auxiliary) Input Port
H Bluetooth-pairing Button T DC Socket
I EQ Button U USB Power Port (Type A)
J Clock Button V AC Power Adaptor
K On/Off Button W AUX Cable
L Handle X AAA Batteries (2)
WARNING
• Remove the tool from the package and examine it carefully. Do not discard the carton or any
packaging material until all parts have been examined.
• If any part of the tool is missing or damaged, do not attach the battery pack or use the tool
until the part has been repaired or replaced. Failure to heed this warning could result in
serious injury.

5
SAFETY INFORMATION
Please read and understand this entire manual before attempting to assemble or operate
this product. If you have any questions regarding the product, please call customer service at
888-3KOBALT (888-356-2258), 8 a.m. - 8 p.m., EST, Monday - Sunday. You could also contact
us at [email protected].
Know the Tool
To operate this tool, carefully read this manual and all labels afxed to the tool before using it.
Keep this manual available for future reference.
Important
This tool should be serviced only by a qualied service technician.
Read All Instructions Thoroughly
Some of the following symbols may be used on this tool. Please study them and their meaning.
Proper interpretation of these symbols will allow you to operate the tool better and more safely.
SYMBOL DEFINITION SYMBOL DEFINITION
V Volts A Amps
Hz Hertz W Watts
or d.c. Direct Current or a.c. Alternating current
A danger, warning or caution.
It means ‘Attention! Your
safety is involved.
To reduce the risk of
injury, user must read
instruction manual.
General Power Tool Safety Warnings
WARNING
• Read all safety warnings, instructions, illustrations and specications provided with
this apparatus. Failure to follow all instructions listed below may result in electric shock, re
and/or serious injury.
• To reduce the risk of re or electric shock, do not expose this apparatus to rain or
moisture. Do not use this apparatus near water. Dry location use only.
• Only operate this apparatus in a well-ventilated area.
• Read these instructions.
• Keep these instructions.
• Heed all warnings.
• Follow all instructions.
• Clean only with dry cloth.
• Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
• Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or
other apparatus (including ampliers) that produce heat.

6
SAFETY INFORMATION
• Only use attachments/accessories specied by the manufacturer.
• Detach the battery pack from the apparatus during lightning storms or when unused
for long periods of time.
• Refer all servicing to qualied service personnel. Servicing is required when the
apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged,
liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been
exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped. Service or
maintenance performed by unqualied personnel could result in a risk of injury.
• A battery-operated apparatus with integral batteries or a separate battery pack must
be recharged only with the specied charger for the battery. A charger that may be
suitable for one type of battery may create a risk of re when used with another battery.
• Never disassemble the apparatus or try to do any rewiring on the apparatus’s
electrical system.
• Maintain the apparatus. Check for misalignment, breakage of parts and any other
condition that may affect the apparatus operation. If damaged, have the apparatus
repaired before use. Use the apparatus in accordance with these instructions,
taking into account the working conditions and the work to be performed. Use of the
apparatus for operations different from those intended could result in a hazardous situation.
• Keep the apparatus away from other metal objects, such as paper clips, coins, keys,
nails, screws, or other small metal objects that can make a connection from one
terminal to another. Shorting the terminals together may cause burns or a re.
• Do not use the apparatus if it has been dropped or received a sharp blow. A damaged
apparatus will increase the risk of re.
• Dispose of a used battery promptly. Keep away from children. Do not disassemble and
do not dispose of in re.
• Recharge only with the charger specied by the manufacturer. A charger that is suitable
for one type of battery pack may create a risk of re when used with another battery pack.
• For use with KOBALT 40V battery packs. Use of any other battery packs may create a
risk of injury and re.
BATTERY PACK CHARGER
KB 240-03; KB 440-03; KB 640-03; KB 3640-03 KRC 840-03; KRC 1540-03
• For best results, your battery and tool should be stored, charged and used in a
location where the temperature is more than 41°F (5°C) but less than 104°F (40°C). Do
not store outside or in vehicles.
WARNING
• People with electronic devices, such as pacemakers, should consult their
physician(s) before using this product. Operation of electrical equipment in close
proximity to a heart pacemaker could cause interference or failure of the pacemaker.
• Save these instructions. Refer to them frequently and use them to instruct others who may
use this product. If you loan someone this product, loan them these instructions also.
FCC CAUTION
• Changes or modications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
• This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device
must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.

7
SAFETY INFORMATION
•
NOTICE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment
generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-
dance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If
this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
The device has been evaluated to meet general RF exposure requirement. The device
can be used in portable exposure condition without restriction.

8
PREPARATION
Know Your Radio
Before attempting to use the radio, familiarize yourself with all of its operating features and
safety requirements.
WARNING
• Do not allow familiarity with the radio to cause carelessness. Remember that one careless
moment is enough to cause severe injury. Before attempting to use any apparatus, be sure
to become familiar with all of the operating features and safety instructions.
• Do not attempt to modify this apparatus or create accessories not recommended for use
with this apparatus. Any such alteration or modication is misuse and could result in a
hazardous condition leading to possible serious personal injury.

9
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
1. To Attach Battery Pack
a. Align the mounting grooves on the battery pack
with the raised ribs in the radio’s battery pack
port (P), as shown.
b. Slide the battery pack into the radio and push
the battery until you hear a “click”.
NOTICE: Make sure that the battery pack is secured
to the tool before beginning operation. Improper
assembly of the battery pack can cause damage to
internal components.
To Detach Battery Pack
WARNING: Always be aware of the location
of your feet, children, or pets when pressing the battery-release button (M). NEVER re-
move the battery pack at a high position. Serious injury could result if the battery pack falls.
a. Grasp the battery pack with your hand.
b. Press the battery-release button (M) with your thumb; the battery pack will disengage from
the latch.
c. Pull the battery pack out of the battery pack port (P).
WARNING: Always remove the battery pack when the tool is not in use or when carrying
the tool at your side.
2. USB Power Ports
When a battery pack is installed or the unit is
connected to the AC power adaptor and the unit
is turned on, the USB power ports (R) and (U) will
supply charging power for low power devices such
as cell phones, MP3 players, etc. Immediately
disconnect the USB device after charging.
NOTE: The USB power ports cannot be used for
audio playback. Audio playback is only possible via
Bluetooth or AUX connection.
NOTICE: Always close the rubber cover (Q) after
each use to protect the ports from dust, dirt, and
moisture.
1M P
2
R Q
U

10
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
3. To Use Supplied AC Power Adaptor
Insert the AC power adaptor plug into the DC
Socket (T) on the back of the radio. Plug the
adaptor (V) into a standard power outlet. Whenever
the power adaptor (V) is connected, the battery
pack is automatically disconnected. The AC adaptor
(V) should be disconnected from the power outlet
when not in use.
NOTE: The battery pack cannot be charged using
the power adaptor (V). The battery pack can only
be charged using chargers specied earlier in this
manual.
NOTICE: Always close the rubber cover (Q) after
each use to protect the ports from dust, dirt, and
moisture.
4. To Connect an External Player to AUX Input
Port
a. Select the AUX operating mode using the mode
button (D).
b. Insert the AUX cable (W) into the AUX input
port (S) and make sure that they are properly
connected.
c. Connect an MP3 player, CD player, or other
audio device directly to the unit, using the AUX
cable (W).
d. Switch on the external audio device and start
the playback.
e. Adjust the volume with the regulator on the
external audio device or the volume buttons of
the unit.
NOTE:
• The AUX port is for INPUT only. Do not connect headphones or speakers.
• Batteries of the connected devices cannot be charged via the AUX connection.
• The unit will turn off automatically 1 hour after the AUX cable is disconnected (or never
connected) from the AUX input port.
NOTICE: Always close the rubber cover (Q) after each use to protect the ports from dust, dirt,
and moisture.
3T
QV
4
QSW

11
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
5. To Install Clock Batteries
Your unit is equipped with memory function to store
the time and your preset radio stations. When the
unit is in the OFF position, this memory function is
powered by two clock batteries which need to be
installed in the unit.
a. Use a No.1 Phillips screwdriver (not included)
to loosen and remove (turn counterclockwise)
the screw and the clock battery door (O).
b. Install the clock batteries (X) observing the
correct polarity (+ and –).
c. Replace the battery door, insert the screw, and
tighten it clockwise.
NOTE: When changing the clock batteries, all
settings will be erased. To avoid this, attach the battery pack or plug in the power adaptor, and
turn the unit ON before replacing the clock batteries.
NOTE: When the unit “wakes up” from standby mode, it will remember the last active operating
mode.
WARNING: When replacing clock batteries, replace them with the same or equivalent
type AAA. Observe correct polarity (+ and –) when replacing batteries. Do not store or carry
batteries in such a way that metal objects can contact exposed battery terminals.
6. Storage Pocket
The unit features left and right side storage pockets
(N) for small items.
NOTICE: To prevent accidental loss or damage,
always remove all items (if any) from the pockets
before transporting this unit.
-+
+-
5
XScrew
O
6
N

12
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
7. To turn the unit On and Off
To turn the unit ON: briey press the On/Off
button (K).
To turn the unit OFF: press the On/Off button (K)
and hold for 2 seconds.
Standby mode: when the unit is on, briey press
the On/Off button (K), the unit switches to standby
mode. When the unit is in standby mode the
display (A) will continue showing the time, but the
display brightness will dim after 30 seconds. Briey
press the On/Off button (K) again to return to full
operating mode or press On/Off button (K) for about
2 seconds to turn off the unit.
NOTE:
• Entering standby mode is a simple way to mute
radio/speaker sounds.
• When in standby mode, the unit can still charge
device(s) connected to USB power ports.
• The unit will turn off automatically after 1 hour of
being in standby mode and no button pressed.
8. To Set the Volume
Use the ‘+’ button (B) to increase or ‘–’ button (C) to
decrease the volume.
Briey press one of the volume buttons to increase/
decrease by one level. Press and hold one of the
volume buttons to continuously increase/decrease
the volume.
9. Selecting the Operating Mode
To select the operating mode, briey press the
mode button (D) several times until the desired
mode is displayed.
The following operating modes are available:
– FM Radio reception.
– AM Radio reception.
– BT – Playback of audio connected via
Bluetooth®.
– AUX – Playback of audio connected via AUX
input port (S).
The modes switch in the following order FM→AM→BT→AUX.
The active operating mode is shown by means of the corresponding symbol on the display.
87.50
FM
MHz
7a
The unit is ON
A
K
AM
7b
The unit is in standby mode
A
K
87.50
FM
MHz
9
DC
B

13
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
10. Bluetooth®Operating Mode
Press the mode button (D) several times until the
BT (Bluetooth®) mode is active or briey press
the Bluetooth-pairing button (H) to go straight into
Bluetooth mode.
The Bluetooth icon ashes when BT mode is active
but no Bluetooth device is connected/paired.
To pair (connect) a Bluetooth device, activate the
Bluetooth function on the device to be connected
(smartphone or similar) and select “Kobalt 40V
HRBS 1040-03” as the target of the Bluetooth con-
nection. Refer to the operating manual of the paired
device for more information. The Bluetooth icon
stays on after a device is connected successfully.
Single press the ‘<<’ button (G) or ‘>>’ button (E) to
change to previous or next song. Press the button (F) to pause or play.
To disconnect (forget) the Bluetooth device after successful pairing, press the Bluetooth-pairing
button (H) and hold for 3 seconds. The paired device is disconnected.
NOTE: When in Bluetooth operating mode, the unit will turn off automatically 1 hour after being
disconnected from a paired device or never being paired with a Bluetooth device.
11. To Connect Two KJR 1040-03 Units Using
Bluetooth®TWS
Two KJR 1040-03 units can be connected using
Bluetooth®to become a TWS (True Wireless Ste-
reo) system.
a. Turn two units on and set both units to
Bluetooth mode .
b. Briey press the Bluetooth button (H) again
on one of the units, this unit will automatically
connect to the other, the previous unit that
displays the upper radio icon will act as the
‘host’ unit, the other as a secondary speaker.
NOTE: When the unit is in the TWS system,
the upper radio icon will ash, the two radios
icon will stay on when the two units connect
successfully.
c. The secondary unit will play back whatever audio content is playing on the ‘host’ unit, when
the audio source is connected via Bluetooth.
AM
11 The unit is in the TWS system
The two units connect successfully
AM
10
G F E D

14
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
12. Equalizer (EQ) Adjustment
Your unit’s bass or treble can be adjusted in the
equalizer menu by briey pressing EQ button (I).
The menu order after pressing the EQ button (I) is:
Bass→Treble→Exit.
a. Press the EQ button (I) to rst adjust the bass.
b. Press the ‘<<’ button (G) or the ‘–’ button (C) to
decrease bass. Press the ‘>>’ button (E) or the
‘+’ button (B) to increase bass. The bass can
be adjusted in the range from -5 to +5.
c. Press the EQ button (I) to now adjust the treble.
d. Press the ‘<<’ button (G) or the ‘–’ button (C) to
decrease treble. Press the ‘>>’ button (E) or the
‘+’ button (B) to increase treble. The treble can
be adjusted in the range from -5 to +5.
e. Press the EQ button (I) to exit the equalizer menu.
13. Setting the Time
In any mode, press the clock button (J) for 2 seconds to enter the time menu. The time menu
order is: 12H/24H→HOUR→MINUTE→EXIT.
a. Switch between the 12H and 24H formats using
the ‘<<’ button (G), ‘>>’ button (E) or ‘–’ button
(C), ‘+’ button (B).
b. Then briey press the clock button (J) again to
adjust the hours. Use the ‘<<’ button (G) or ‘–’
button (C) to decrease the value. Use the ‘>>’
button (E) or the ‘+’ button (B) to increase the
value.
c. Briey press the clock button (J) again to adjust
the minutes. Use the ‘<<’ button (G) or ‘–’
button (C) to decrease the value. Use the ‘>>’
button (E) or the ‘+’ button (B) to increase the
value.
d. Briey press the clock button (J) again to exit
the time menu or, if there is no activity within
5 seconds, the unit will exit the time menu
automatically.
NOTE: In FM/AM operating mode, briey press the
clock button (J) to show time on display, then briey
press the clock button (J) again to show the radio
frequency on display again.
0
Bass
Treble
12
I
Adjusting the bass
Adjusting the treble
G E C B
AM
13b
C B
J G E
Adjusting time
13a
J
12H/24H adjustment
G E CB

15
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
14. Tuning AM and FM
Press the mode button (D) several times until the AM or FM is shown on the display (A). A
radio station can be tuned to manually or automatically (scan-tuning).
Manual tuning: Briey press the ‘<<’ button (G) or ‘>>’ button (E) to reach the desired
frequency. Each press will increase or decrease the frequency by 0.1MHz for FM and 10kHz
for AM range. The frequency is shown on the display.
Automatic/Scan Tuning: Press the ‘<<’ button (G) or ‘>>’ button (E) and hold for 2 seconds,
the tuner will automatically seek the rst radio station with strong signal and stop at that
station’s frequency. The frequency is shown on the display. The ‘>>’ button (E) may be pressed
for 2 seconds again to continue seeking more radio stations at higher frequencies. The ‘<<’
button (G) may be pressed to seek radio stations at lower frequencies.
15. Storing Stations in Preset Memories
(AM and FM)
There are 5 memory presets for each waveband.
a. To store the current radio station, press and
hold the button (F) until the preset number
is ashing on the display, then press the ‘<<’
button (G) or ‘>>’ button (E) to select the preset
number, from ‘Preset 1’ to ‘Preset 5’, you wish
to save the station under.
b. Briey press the button (F), the preset
number will stay on, and the station is stored
successfully. Stations stored in the preset
memory can be overwritten by performing the
same steps.
c. To recall stations from the preset memories,
briey press the button (F) while the unit is in AM/FM mode. The preset number and
station frequency will appear on the display. Press the button (F) repeatedly until the
desired preset station is on the display.
16. Reset
In Bluetooth®mode, long press (about 5–6 s) the button (F) to enter the function of restoring
factory settings.
87.50
FM
MHz
1
15
FG E

16
CARE AND MAINTENANCE
WARNING
• All maintenance should only be carried out by a qualied service technician.
• To reduce the risk of personal injury and damage, never immerse your radio, battery pack,
power adaptor, or charger in liquid or allow a liquid to ow inside them.
Cleaning
• Before cleaning or performing any maintenance, remove the battery/unplug the power
adaptor. For safe and proper operation, always keep the unit clean.
• Always use only a soft, dry cloth to clean the unit. Never use detergent or alcohol. Clean
dust and debris from vents. Keep the unit handle clean, dry and free of oil or grease.
TROUBLESHOOTING
WARNING: Disconnect battery pack or AC power adaptor from the unit before performing
troubleshooting procedures.
PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTIVE ACTION
The unit does not work.
Battery pack charge is
depleted. Charge the battery pack.
The power adaptor is not
properly connected.
Check and plug the power
adaptor again.
Unit is not charging USB
device.
The USB device draws more
than the rated output of the
ports.
Remove the USB device
and turn the unit on again.
The unit cannot properly
pair with a Bluetooth device.
Out of Bluetooth pairing range. Move your device closer to
the unit.
Wrong steps performed during
pairing process.
Refer to “Bluetooth
Operating Mode” chapter
and correctly pair the audio
device with the unit.
WARRANTY
For 5 years from the date of purchase, the tool is warranted for the original purchaser to be
free from defects in material and workmanship. This guarantee does not cover damage due
to abuse, normal wear, improper maintenance, neglect, unauthorized repair/alteration, or
expendable parts and accessories expected to become unusable after a reasonable period of
use.
If you think your product meets the above guarantee criteria, please return it to the place of
purchase with valid proof of purchase and the defective product will be repaired or replaced at
no charge. This guarantee gives you specic legal rights, and you may also have other rights
that vary from state to state.
Printed in China
Lowe’s Home Centers LLC. MOORESVILLE, NC 28117

¿Preguntas, problemas, piezas faltantes? Antes de regresar a su distribuidor, llame a
nuestro Departamento de Servicio al Cliente al 888-3KOBALT (888-356-2258), de lunes a
domingo, de 8 a.m. a 8 p.m., hora estándar del Este. También puede ponerse en contacto
con nosotros en [email protected].
ADJUNTE SU RECIBO AQUÍ
KOBALT y el diseño del logotipo son marcas
comerciales o marcas registradas de LF, LLC.
Todos los derechos reservados.
Número de serie Fecha de compra
ARTÍCULO N.º 5149482
RADIO PORTÁTIL HÍBRIDA DE 40 V
Y ALTAVOZ BLUETOOTH®
MODELO N.º KJR 1040-03

18
ÍNDICE
Especicaciones del producto........................................................................ 18
Contenido del paquete................................................................................... 19
Información de seguridad............................................................................... 21
Preparación....................................................................................................24
Instrucciones de funcionamiento.................................................................... 25
Cuidado y mantenimiento ..............................................................................33
Solución de problemas................................................................................... 33
Garantía .........................................................................................................34
ESPECIFICACIONES DEL PRODUCTO
COMPONENTE ESPECIFICACIONES
Adaptador de alimentación CA 120V~ 60Hz
Voltaje para la operación CC 40 V
Alimentación del altavoz (2) Woofer: 40 W; (2) Tweeter: 20 W
Grado de IP (protección de ingreso) IP64*
Conector AUX 3,5 mm
Versión de Bluetooth® V 5.0
Alcance de Bluetooth® Hasta 150 pies
Salida en USB 5 V , 2.1 A
Temperatura recomendada de
funcionamiento y almacenamiento
De 5° C (41 °F) a 40 °C (104 °F)
* NOTA: IP64 es cierto cuando los puertos USB/AUX y la toma CC están cubiertos.
La marca y los logos Bluetooth®son marcas registradas propiedad de Bluetooth SIG, Inc. y
todo uso por parte de KOBALT se hace bajo licencia.

19
CONTENIDO DEL PAQUETE
V W X
S R Q
I
J
K
D
C
B
H G F E M
N
O
P
UT
L
A

20
CONTENIDO DEL PAQUETE
PIEZA DESCRIPCIÓN PIEZA DESCRIPCIÓN
A Pantalla M Botón de liberación de las
baterías
B Botón de Volumen + N Bolsillo de almacenamiento
C Botón de Volumen – O Cubierta de la batería del reloj
D Botón de modo P Puerto del paquete de baterías
E Sintonizar/buscar Q Cubierta de goma
FBotón de reproducir/pausar/
precongurar RPuerto de alimentación USB (Tipo C)
G Sintonizar/buscar hacia abajo S Puerto de entrada AUX (auxiliar)
HBotón para vincular dispositivos
con Bluetooth T Toma CC
I Botón EQ U Puerto de alimentación USB
(Tipo A)
J Botón de reloj V Adaptador de alimentación CA
K Botón de encendido/apagado W Cable AUX
L Manija X (2) baterías AAA
ADVERTENCIA
• Retire la herramienta del paquete y examínela cuidadosamente. No deseche la caja ni
ningún material de embalaje hasta después de examinar todas las piezas.
• Si falta alguna pieza de la herramienta o si alguna pieza está dañada, no coloque
el paquete de baterías ni use la herramienta hasta reparar o reemplazar la pieza. El
incumplimiento de esta advertencia podría provocar lesiones graves.