Krohn-Hite 2400 Operating instructions
.003Hz
to
30
MHz
AM/FM
I
PHASE-
LOCK
FUNCTI01\J GENERATOR
MODEL
2400
SERIAL
No.
d.
ul
A
PRELIMINARY
OPERATING AND
MAINTENANCE
MANUAL
®
KROHN-
HITE CORPORATION
1979
-----------------------
----
---
Section
A APPENDIX
Figure
1-1
2-1
3-1
6-1
List
of
Recommended
•rest
Equipment
•
Schematics,
Component
Layouts,
Parts
Lists
ILLUSTRATIONS
Model
2400
AM/Fl1/)l'
Lock
Generator
• . . . .
Operating
Controls,
Connectors
and
Displays
Test
Set-up
for
Amplitude
Flatness
Test
Circuit
for
Fixed
Offset
Adjust
'rABLE
..
.
..
. .
..
..
. .
Page
A-1
Inside
Rear
Cover
Page
iii
2-3
3-4
6-6
Number
Page
2.1
Modes
of
Operation
w/Illustrative
Waveforms
•...•.
2-14
SECTION 1
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
1.1
INTRODUCTION
The
Krohn-Hite
Model
2400,
shown
in
Figure
1-1,
is
a
versatile,
AM/FM
Phase
Lock
Generator
designed
for
applications
in
the
sub-audio
(.003Hz)
-
to
high
frequency
(30MHz)
range.
The
Model
2400
is
actually
two
complete
generators
in
one.
The
Main
generator
provides
sine,
square,
triangle,
ramp
and
pulse
waveforms
from
.003Hz
to
30MHz.
The
Main
Output,
is
30Vp-p,
open
circuit,
controlled
by
a
calibrated,
pushbutton
dB
attenuator
and
vernier.
Dual
DC
offset
con-
trols
provide
fixed
and/or
variable
offset
capability.
The
variable
SYMMETRY
control
provides
a
100:1
adjustment
of
the
Main
Output
waveform
symmetry
ratio,
to
generate
additional
pulse
and
sawtooth
waveforms.
The
Auxiliary
generator
provides
sine,
square,
triangle,
ramp
and
pulse
waveforms
from
0.3Hz
to
300kHz.
The
output
is
adjustable
up
to
20Vp-p,
open
circuit.
The
SYMMETRY
control
provides
a
selection
of
90:10,
50:50,
or
10:
90
duty-cycle
for
genera
t,ing
additional
pulse
and
sawtooth
wave-
forms.
Each
generator
may
be
operated
independently,
or
combined
to
generate
the
following
functions:
Internally
or
externally
generated
AM
or
suppressed
carrier
AM
sig-
nals,
with
modulation
adjustable
from
0-100%;
FM
signals
with
mod-
ulation
adjustable
from
0-20%;
internally,
externally,
or
manually
generated
pulse
and
burst
type
signals,
with
variable
width
and
rep-rate;
continuous,
up-frequency
or
down-frequency
sweeps,
over
a
100:1
range;
internally,
and
externally
controlled
phase-locked
outputs,
with
locking-capture
range
of
100:l
and±
90"
adjustable
phase
control.
1
-1
---------------
The
2400
has
been
carefully
inspected,
tested,
and
aged
before
shipment.-
!£
the
generator
appears
to
have
been
damaged
in
shipment
inform
the
freight
carrier
of
the
damage
and
notify
KROHN-HITE
or
its
nearest
sales·
office
immediately.
1-2
•
SECTION 2
OPERATION
2.1
INTRODUCTION
This
section
describes
the
basic
operation
of
the
Model
2400.
It
in-
cludes
the
proper
AC
power
requirements,
the
recommended
turn-on
pro-
cedure
and
a
detailed
explanation
of
all
operating
controls,
modes
of
operation
and
special
features.
2.2
POWER
REQUIR&~ENTS
The
2400
is
designed
to
operate
from
a
single
phase,
50-60Hz
AC
power
source
of
90-110,
108-132, 180-220,
or
216-264
volts.
Complementary
line
switches
on
the
rear
panel
allow
the
2400
to
be
powered
from
one
of
the
above
4
voltage
ranges.
The
AC
power
receptacle,
located
on
the
rear
panel,
is
a
standard
3-pin
connector,
and
complies
with
the
European
I.E.C.
standard.
A
detachable,
3-wire
line
cord
is
provided
with
the
instrument.
The
fuse
receptacle
contains
a
properly
rated
fuse
for
the
instrument's
point
of
destination
power
requirements.
2.3
TURN-ON
PROCEDURE
a)
Check
the
line
switches
to
make
sure
they
are
set
for
the
correct
voltage
range.
Also
check
to
see
that
a
fuse
with
the
correct
rating
is
secured
in
the
fuse
receptacle.
AC
Line
120V/240V
Switch
Norm/Lo
Switch
Fuse
90-110
120V
Lo
3/4
Ampere
108-132
120V
Norm
3/4
Ampere
180-220
240V
Lo
3/8
Ampere
216-264
.240V
Norm
3/8
Ampere
b)
Check
to
see
that
the
POWER
switch
on
the
front
panel
is
in
the
OFF
position.
2-1
c)
Secure
the
3-wire
line
cord
to
the
rear
panel
AC
receptacle
and
plug
the
line
cord
into
the
AC
outlet.
WARNING!
The
chassis
of
this
intrument
is
connected
to
the
3rd
wire
(earth)
ground.
For
safety
purposes,
connect
the
line
cord
to
a
suitably
grounded,
3
terminal
AC
outlet.
d)
Turn
the
POWER
switch
on,
and
allow
th<J
unit
to
warm
up
for
several
minutes.
CAUTION!
The
covers
of
this
instrument
should
not
be
removed
while
the
instrument
is
connected
to
an
AC
power
source
because
of
the
potentially
dangerous
voltages
that
exist
within
the
unit.
2.
4 OPERATING CON'rROLS,
CONNECTORS
AND
DISPLAYS
(See
Figure
2-1)
(
1)
MULTIPLIER: 8
st.ation
pushbutton
control,
calibrated
in
decade
steps
from
0.1
to
1M,
multiplies
FREQUENCY
Hz
dial
setting.
(2)
POWER:
On-Off
toggle
switch
with
power-on
indicator.
(3)
FREQUENCY
Hzjpos
duration/SWP
START
dial:
Adjusts
frequency
of
Main
generator
in
non-sweep
mode;
when
Main
Generator
SYMMETRY
used,
mode.
adjusts
positive
waveform
duration
adjusts
start
frequency
in
SWP
(4)
SYMMETRY:
Pull-on
variable
control.
Adjusts
Hain
Generator
negative
waveform
symmetry
duration,
independent
of
positive
duration.
Range,
100:1.
(5)
'l'TL
OUT:
TTL
compatible
pulse
coincident
with
Main
Generator
2-2
2 3 9
10
D @
<D
D D D
D
CJ
<D <D
CJ
0 D
0
D
~
c:J
D D D
D
<D
0 D D
D
co
D D
D D D D
<D
0 D
D
@)
® ® ® ® D ® ® D
D @ D D
6 1 8
frequency,
inverted
with
respect
to
MAIN
OUT.
Rise
and
fall
less
than
6ns.
Impedance,
50
ohms.
(6)
VC
IN:
Input
for
external
voltage
control
of
Main
Generator
fre-
quency.
Zero
to±
3
volts
gives
1000:1
frequency
control,
within
dial
range.
Input
impedance,
6K
ohms.
Operative
in
all
modes
except
fJ
Lock.
(7)
fJ
LOCK:
LED,
indicates
when
Main
and
Auxiliary
Generator
frequencies
are
phase-locked.
(8)
CV
OUT:
DC
voltage,
proportional
to
main
generator
frequency,
+
.2mV
to
+ 3
volts,
1%
accuracy
over
calibrated
portion
of
FRE-
QUENCY
Hz
dial.
Output
impedance,
2.4K
ohms.
(9)
FIXED
DC
OFFSET: 3
position
slide
switch
selects
zero,
or
fixed
positive
or
negative
offset.
(10)
VARIABLE
DC
OFFSET:
Single
turn,
pull-on
control
provides
vari-
able
adjustment
of
MAIN
OUTPUT
offset,
±
15
volts.
(11)
MAIN
OUT:
Main
Generator
output,
maximum 30V
p-p,
open-circuit.
Impedance,
50
ohms.
(12)
PEAK
VOLTS:
Single
turn
potentiometer
for
controlling
the
MAIN
OUTPUT
voltage
in
each
position
of
the
AMPLITUDE
ATTENUATOR.
(13)
ATTENUATOR
(dB):
4
position
pushbutton
attenuator,
calibrated
in
dB
steps
from
OdB
to
-60dB.
Attenuator
accuracy,
±
0.2dB.
Minimum
output,
less
than
2
millivolts.
2-3
·--
D @
<0
D D D
D 0 D 0
<0
D D
D
~
c::J
CJ
D D
D 0 0 D D
D © D D
D
CJ
D D 0 0 D
D D D
D ® ® @ ® ® ® D ® ® D
5 6 7 8
(14)
WAVEFOlli'1:
3
station
pushbutton
control
selects
sine,
triangle
or
square
waveforms.
The
selected
waveform
appears
at
the
MAIN
OUTPUT.
(15)
%AM:
Single-turn
control,
adjusts
modulation
depth,
0%-100%
in
AM
mode;
adjusts
modulation
envelope
0-100%
in
SUPP CARRIER
mode.
(16)
%FM/SWP
STOP:
Single-turn
control,
adjusts
deviation
of
Main
Generator
frequency,
0-20%,
in
FM
mode;
adjusts
sweep
stop
fre-
quency
in
SWP
mode.
(17)
Pushbutton
Control,
depress
for
external
AM
mode.
(18)
AM
IN:
Input
for
external
AM.
4V
peak
gives
100%
modulation,
DC
to
2MHz.
Impedance,
10K
ohms.
(19)
TRIG
LEVEL/MAN
TRIG:
Combined
single-turn
control
and
push-
release
switch.
Switch
manually
triggers
single
cycle
of
Main
Generator
dial
frequency
in
(external)
TRIG
mode;
gates
Main
Generator
frequency
on
in
(external)
GATE
mode.
Control
varies
threshold
level
at
.0
LOCK/GATE/TRIG
input
for
(external)
TRIG
or
GATE
signal;
varies
burst
on-time
in
(internal)
GATE
mode;
varies
MAIN
OUT
pulse
or
single
cycle
waveform
delay
with
res-
pect
to
AUX
OUT
in
(internal)
TRIG
mode.
(20)
LOCK
,0/START ,0:
Single-turn
control,
varies
phase
between
Main
and
Auxiliary
outputs,
±
90°,
in
,0
LOCK
mode;
adjusts
start/stop
point
of
Main
Generator
sine
or
triangle,
±
90°,
in
TRIG
or
GATE
mode.
2-4
2 9
10
CJ @ ©
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CJ
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6 7 8
(21)
~LOCK/GATE/TRIG
IN:
Input
for
external~
LOCK,
GATE,
or
TRIG
control
signal.
Input
impedance,
100K
ohms.
For
~
LOCK
mode,
4V
peak
in
calibrates
LOCK
~
control
range.
For
TRIG
or
GATE
mode,
input
trigger
level
-4V
to
+4V,
maximum
rep-rate
4MHz.
(22)
Pushbutton
control,
depress
for
external
~
LOCK,
GATE
or
TRIG
mode.
(23)
MODE:
8-station,
pushbutton
control
selects
generator
mode
of
operation.
See
Section
2.5.3,
(24)
SYMMETRY:
3
position
switch,
sets
duty
cycle
of
Auxiliary
Gen-
erator
waveform
at
approximately
90:10,
50:50
or
10:90
(Auxiliary
generator
frequency
divided
by
approximately
factor
of
10
in
90:10
and
10:90
positions).
(25)
TTL
OUT: TTL
compatible
pulse,
coincident
with
Auxiliary
Generator
frequency,
inverted
with
respect
to
AUX
OUT
squarewave.
Rise
and
fall
less
than
SOns.
Impedance,
50
ohms.
(26)
FREQUENCY
Hz
DIAL:
Adjust
Auxiliary
Generator
frequency;
adjusts
modulating
frequency
of
Main
Generator
in
AM
and
SUPP CARRIER
modes;
adjusts
modulation
and
sweep
rates
of
Main
Generator
frequency
in
FM
and
SWP
modes
respectively;
captures
and
locks
to
Main
Generator
frequency
in
~
LOCK
mode;
adjusts
pulse
and
burst
rep-rate
of
Main
Generator
output
in
internal
TRIG
and
GATE
modes,
respectively.
(27)
MULTIPLIER:
5-station
pushbutton
control
calibrated
in
decade
2-5
(
000
0 0
e g
( )
!
o0cO
~
steps
from
1
to
10K,
multiplies
Auxiliary
FREQUENCY
HZ
dial
setting.
(28)
AUX
OUT:
Auxiliary
generator
output.
Maximum
20V
p-p,
open-
circuit.
Impedance,
50
oluns.
(29)
AMPLITUDE,
PEAK
VOLTS:
Single-turn
control
adjust
amplitude
of
Auxiliary
output,
up
to
20V
p-p,
open-circuit.
Hinimum
output
less
than
10mV.
(30)
WAVEFORM:
3
station
pushbutton
control
selects
sine,
triangle
or
square
waveforms.
The
selected
waveform
appears
at
the
AUX
OUT.
(31)
DC
LEVEL ADJ:
Single
turn
screwdriver
adjust
for
adjusting
MAIN
OUT
DC
level.
(32)
CHASSIS/FLOATING:
2
position
slide
switch
that
disconnects
sig-
nal
ground
(
;}:-
)
from
chassis
ground
(,-}-;
)
when
in
the
FLOATING
position.
(33)
Complimentary
slide
switches
for
selecting
120
or
240
volt
operation,
and
normal
or
low
line
conditions.
The
120/240V
LINE
switch
determines
the
proper
voltage
range
(90-132V
or
180-264V),
while
th:
NORM/LO
LINE
switch
selects
normal
(108-132V,
216-264V)
or
low
(90-110V,
180-220V)
line
voltage.
(34)
AC
POWER
RECEPTACLE:
Standard
3-prong
connector.
A
detachable
3-wire
line
cord
is
included.
2-6
\
GENERATOR
rnodel
SPECIFICATIONS------------
MAIN
GENERATOR
Wa\laforms:
Sme,
5qu.tre,
triangle,
positive
and
negati\le
p!llses
and
ramps,
AM,
supp
carrier
AM,
FM,
sweep,
Ph<~se
lock,
gate,
trigger.
Frequ~tncy
Rango~:
0.003H7
to
30MHz
in 8 ranges.
to
30,
.and
an 8
Frequency
Control:
Dtal
calibrated
linearly
from
1
pos1110n
pushbutton
mult1plier
switch,
FREQUENCY
0 LOCK
CAPTURE
AND
SWP
RANGE
BAND
MULTIPLIER
.1
RANGE
0.003Hz-3Hz
0.03Hz-30Hz
0,3Hz-300Hz
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
10
100
1K
10K
lOOK
1M
3Hz-3kHz
30Hz-30kHz
300Hz-300kHz
3kHz-3M
Hz
30kHz-30MHz
0.03Hz-3Hl
0.3Hz-30Hz
3Hz-300Hz
30Hz-3kHz
300Hz-30kHz
3kHz-300kHz
30kHz-3MHz
3JOkHz-30MHz
Frequency
Accuracy:
2% of full
scale
on
bands
1·7,
3.5%
of
full
scale
on
band
8.
Frequency
Stability:
10
minutes
24
hours
vs
line
jitter
(cyc!t!
to
cycle)
0.05%
bands
1-7
0.25%
bands
1-6,
1%
bands
7-8
0.01%
for
10% line
change
0.025%
MaKimum
Output:
30V
p-p
(1
5V
p-p
into
50
ohms),
lmp!tdance:
Constant
50
ohms,
±2%.
Amplitude
Control:
Pushbutton
attenuator
calibrated
in
20dB
steps
to
60dB
and
vernier.
dB
attenuator
accuracy
±0.2dB.
Minimum
out
put
Jess
than
2mV.
DC
Component:
Zero
±100mV,
±4mV/°C,
reduced
in
proportion
to
dB
attenu<~tor
setting.
Frequency
Response: SinE!wave;
O.ldB
to
3001<Hz,
0.2d8
to
3MHz,
1dB
to
30MHl,
Triangle,
0,1d8
to
3001<Hz,
1dB
to
3MHz,
3.5d8
to
30MHl.
Sinewava
Distortion:
Less
than
0.5%0.1
Hz
to
3001<Hz, 2%
to
3MHz.
All
harmonrcs
at
least
22dB
down
to
30MHz.
Squarewava
and
Pulse: Hise
and
fall (rme
Jess
than
tOns,
total
aberrations
less
than
S%
with
50
ohm
matching
load.
Trian[lle
Linearity:
99%
0.1Hz
to
3001<Hz,
98%
to
3MHl,
90%
to
30MHl.
Tima
Symmetry:
99%
on
bands
1-7,90%
on
band
8.
VARIABLE
SYMMETRY:
PotentiOmeter
for
adjustmg
negative
duration
of pulses
and
positive slope
of
ramps.
Main
tuning
dial
con-
trols
positive
duration
of pulses
and
negative slope
of
ramps.
Sym
metry
ratio
adjustable
100:
1.
VC
(EXTERNAL
VOLTAGE
CONTROL):
Frequency
controlled
about
the
dial s!!tting
with
lero
to
±3
volts,
Range
1000:1.
Stew
rate
0.2Vlus.
Impedance
6k
ohms.
Upper
frequency
limited
to
maximum
of
selected
band.
DC
OFFSETS:
FiKed
oftset
sea
the
waveform
to
one
half
1ts
p-p
amplituda
and
sets
th'i-plt.is Peak it"Zero for negative
offset,
and
the
minus
peak
at
J"ero
for
plus
offset.
Variable off$et allows
setting
about
ground
to
±t5
volts
peak.
(Fixed
and
varrable
offsets
may
be
used
simultaneously;
Maximum
peal<
output
limoted
to
±15
volts),
AUXILIARY
GENERATOR
Waveforms: Sino,
square,
tl·,angle,
pulses
and
ramps.
Frequency
Ranga:
0.3Hl
to
300kHz
in 5 ranges.
Fr~tquency
Control:
Single
turn
dial
calibrated
linearly
from
3
to
30,
and
aS
position,
pushbutton
multiplier
switch.
BAND
MULTIPLIER
FREQUENCY
RANGE
1 1
0.3Hz-30Hz
2
10
3Hz·300Hz
3
100
30Hz-31<Hz
4 1K
300Hz-30kHz
5
10K
3kHz·300kHz
Frequancy
Accuracy:
10%
of
full scat
e.
Maximum
Output:
2DV
p-p (IOV
p-p
into
50
ohms).
Impedance:
Constant
50
ohms,
±2%.
Amplitude
Control:
Smgle
turn
vf!rnier.
M•nimum
output
Jess
than
100-V.
Frttquem:y
Response:
0.1
dB
to
1
OOI<Hz,
0.2dB
to
300kH.t.
Sina
Wave
Distortion:
<1%
to
{gkHz,
<2%
to
Be91<Hl < 3°/1>
f.o
/00
k
H2.
>o
I
Squdre
Wave
and
Pulsd;
R1~~
and
tall
times
less
than
500ns.
Trianl)la
lineMity:
99%,
bands
14,
90%
on
band
5.
Time
Symmetry:
98%,
bands
1-4,90%
on
b;1nd 5.
SYMMETRY
CONTROL:
Sets
w~wform
rluty
cycle
for
10%
or
90%
and
divides
output
trequHncy
by
factor
of
10.
MODULATION
CHARACTERISTICS
AM
and
SUPPRESSED
CARRIER
AM
Modulation
Factor:
0%
to>
100%.
Modulation
Frequency:
0.3Hl
to
300I<Hz.
internal.
DC
to
2MHz
external.
Carrier
3dB
Bandwidth:
.003Hz
to
30M
Hz.
CarriBr
Distortion
IO%
MOD):
le~s
than
1%
to
3001<Hz,
2%to
3MHl.
External
Input
SensitiVity:
4V
peal< for
100%
modulatro'l.
Impedance,
10K
ohms.
FM
04tviation: 0%
to
20%,
Modulation
Frequency:
0.3Hz
to
300kHz.
SWEEP
CHARACTERISTICS
Ranfi18:
100:1
Rata:
0.3Hz
to
1
OkHl
(3.33s
to
0.1 ms)
Start
and
stop
frequencies
independently
selected
by
SWP
STAAT
and
SWP
STOP
controls.
Auxiliary
Generator
frequency
and
wave·
form
controls
determine
sweep
parameter~.
PHASE
LOCK
CHARACTERISTICS
Locking
Fr&quenc~
0
Range:
±90°
10~.l
to
JOOI<Hz,
internal;
±go
0
10Hz
to
1MHl,
±7S
to
3M
Hz,<
±75'
to
30M
Hz,
external.
Capture
Range:
1/3
to
30
times
Main Gero!trator MULTIPLIEF-l.
EKtarnal
Input:
Control
calibr<:~ted
for
4V
peal<
sine
or
tridngle.
Minimum
voltage,
.8V
peal<.
Input
Impedance,
tOOK
ohms.
TRIG/GATE
CHARACTERISTICS
Man~al,
internal
or
externa.l.
Waveform
start/stop
point
adjustable
±90
to
15MHl.
Input
trrgger level varrable
tram
-4V
to
~4V.
Triggers
on
positive
slope.
Max1r:num trigger frt!quency
5MHl.
Mallimum
triggered
output
frequency,
~-
Input
impedance
lOOK
ohm•.
/Ot'fl/z.
AUXILIARY
OUTPUTS
MAIN
GENERATOR·
CV
(control
volta[le)
OUT:
2mV
to
3
volt~.
proportional
to
gent!ra-
tor
frequency,
Accuracy
1%
bands
1-7.
lrnped<~nce,
2.4K
ohms.
TTL
OUT:
Frequency
and
wmmetry
~am?.
as Main
Output.
Or1ve~
up
to
10
TTL
loads. Rise
and
fall
tim~t
less
than
6ns.
Total
abernJ
tions
less
than
10%.
180°
out
of
phase
with
Main squari!wave
output.
Impedance
50
ohms
AUXILIARY
GENERATOR:
TTL
OUT:
Fr'equency
and
symmetry
iamt:J
as
AuK
Output.
Drives
up
to
10
TTL
loads.
Rise
and
fall
trme
les:;
than
SOns.
Total
aberra-
tions
less
than
10%.
180°
out
of
phase
with
Auxiliary
sqU<Jil"Wi'lve
output.
Impedance
50
ohms.
GENERAL
Operating
Temparatura
Range:
0°C
to
50°C
Power
Requirements:
Switch
selectable
90-110,
108-132.
180.220
or
21
&264
volts, srngle
phase,
5D--400Hz,
60
watts.
Floating
Ground
Operation
(Rear
Panel):
Switch
disconnect>
signa!
ground
from
chassis
ground.
Dimensions
and
Wei9hts:
Cabinet
Siztt/Weight H W 0
Net
Gro~
US
5114"
165/8"
111/2"
131bs 151bs
Metrae
13.3cm
42.2cm
29.2cm
5.9
kgs
6.8
kgs
Specifications
apply
at
25°C
±S°C,
CONT
mode,
Main
and
AuKih-
ary
Generators
at
maximum
output
vo!tag~t,
Ma1n
dial s!!t betweBn 1
and
30,
AuKiliary
d1al
Sftt
between
3
and
30
and
both
SYM·
METAY
controls
off.
Optional
Rack
Mounting
Kit:
Part
No.
RK-519;
permits
installation
of
the
Model
2400
rnto a
standard
19"
rack
spacing.
Specification:;
subject
to
change
without
notice.
' ,
.•
'
'l
..
.: 1..,..)
\.
t J
.._,
) j
' '
CORPORATION
Avon lndu1
tfl
d!
P;~rk
I Bodw!'!l Street, Avon,
,VJJ>S<J.::hus~tts
02322
lt'lephont~
617-580-1660-
TWX
710--34S..0831
Printed
In
the
U.S.A.
-8-80
2
c )
0010
0 D
(35)
FUSE RECEPTACLE:
3/4A
slow
blow
fuse
for
90-132V
operation,
3/SA
slow
blow
fuse
for
180-264V
operation.
(36)
SYNC
INPUT:
A 2
volt
p-p
signal
applied
to
this
input
will
lock
the
Main
Generator
frequency
to
the
external
SYNC
frequency
within
1
3%
locking
range.
(Not
applicable
to~
Lock
mode).
2.5
OPERATION
2.5.1
Main
Generator
a)
The
Main
Generator
produces
sine,
triangle
and
square
waveforms,
and
covers
a
frequency
range
of
.003Hz
to
30MHz.
The
FREQUENCY
Hz
dial
is
a
single
turn
dial
with
a
concentric
5:1
vernier,
and
is
calibrated
in
Hertz
on
a
linear
scale
from
1
to
30
(.03
to
1
uncalibrated).
The
effective
dial
range
is
1000:1.
The
MULTI-
PLIER
is
an
8-station,
pushbutton
control
calibrated
in
decade
steps
from
0.1
(1
o-:1)
to
1M
(1
o6
).
The
FREQUENCY
Hz
dial
and
MULTIPLIER
determine
the
frequency
or
period
of
the
MAIN
OUTPUT
waveform
in
the
AM,
SUPP CARRIER, CONT,
FM,
GATE
and
TRIG
modes.
In
the
SWP
mode,
the
dial
determines
the
sweep
start
frequency.
In
the
~
LOCK
(phase-lock)
mode,
the
dial
has
no
effect;
the
Main
Generator
frequency
is
controlled
by
the
Auxiliary
Generator.
The
dial
also
independently
controls
the
squarewave
positive
dur-
a·tion
and
sine
and
triangle
negative
slopes,
when
the
SYMNETRY-neg
duration
control
is
enguged,
in
all
modes
except
S\'IP
und
~
LOCK.
2-7
b)
The
Main
Generator
frequency
may
also
be
controlled
by
an
extern-
al
volt:age
applied
to
the
VC
(voltage
control)
input
connector.
A
control
voltage
range
of
zero
to
3
volts
will
vary
the
Main
Generator
frequency
about
the
dial
setting
(within
the
dial
range)
up
to
a
maximum
of
1000:1
limited
by
the
maximum
dial
frequency
on
the
MULTIPLIER
range
selected.
The
VC
voltage
will
vary
the
dial
frequency
at
a
ratio
of
approximately
10Hz
per
volt
times
the
MUI.TIPLIER
setting.
The
VC
has
slew
rate
of
0.
2V/us;
input
impedance
is
6k
ohms.
c)
The
SYMMETRY-neg
duration
control
is
a
single-turn
control
that
independently
varies
the
Main
Gene~rator
square
wave
negative
dur-
ation
and
sine
and
triangle
positive
slopes.
The
SYMMETRY
ratio
is
adjustable
100:1
on
each
MULTIPLIER
range.
The
SYMMETRY
control
can
be
used
to
generate
additional
pulse
or
sawtooth
waveforms.
d)
The
output
of
the
Main
Generator
is
determined
by
the
pushbutton
waveform
selector.
The
selected
waveform
appears
at
the
MAIN
OUT
connector.
e)
The
MAIN
OUTPUT
voltage
is
controlled
by
a
single
turn
PEAK
VOLTS
control
and
pushbutton
attenuator
calibrated
0,
20,
40,
and
60
dB
steps.
Maximum
output
is
30Vp-p,
open-circuit.
Output
imped-
ance
is
50
ohms.
f)
The
FIXED
DC
OFFSET
control
is
a 3
position
slide
switch
that
sel-
ects
fixed
positive
(..rl..),
zero
(
1..J
)
or
fixed
negative
(,_,.-)
DC
offset.
When
the
FIXED OFFSET
is
used,
the
amplitude
of
the
MAIN
OUTPUT
waveform
is
halved;
the
negative
peak
of
the
waveform
is
set
at
zero
for
positive
offset,
and
the
positive
peak
of
the
waveform
is
set
to
zero
for
negative
offset.
g)
The
VARIABLE
DC
OFFSET
control
is
a
pull-on
potentiometer
that
varies
the
MAIN
OUTPUT
DC
level
±
15V.
The
maximum
combined
peak
AC
plus
DC
should
not
exceed
±
15V,
otherwise
clipping
of
the
wave-
form
will
occur.
When
both
the
FIXED
and
VARIABLE
offset
con-
trols
are
used
the
amplitude
of
the
MAIN
OUTPUT
waveform
Hill
be
halved,
and
is
positive
or
negative
peak
may
be
set
between
zero
2-8
and
±
15
volts
with
the
VARIABLE OFFSET
control.
A
particular
ap-
plication
for
this
would
be
to
generate
ECL
or
•rTL
compatible
pulses.
h)
The
CV
(control
voltage)
OUTPUT
is
a
DC
voltage
proportional
to
the
Main
Generator
frequency.
Output
is+2mV
to-t·3
volts.
Accuracy
is
approximately
1%
of
output
frequency,
on
bands
1-7
(.1
to
100k)
of
the
MULTIPLIER.
Output
impedance
is
2.4k
ohms.
2.5.2.
Auxiliary
Generator
a)
The
Auxiliary
Generator
produces
sine,
triangle,
and
square
wave-
forms
and
covers
a
frequency
range
of
0.3Hz
to
300kHz.
The
FRE-
QUENCY
Hz
dial
is
a
single
turn
dial,
calibrated
in
Hertz
on
a
linear
scale
from
3
to
30
(.3
to
3
uncalibrated).
The
effective
dial
range
is
100:1.
The
MULTIPLIER
is
a 5
station,
pushbutton
control,
calibrated
in
decade
steps
from
1
to
10k.
The
Auxiliary
Generator
operates
independent
of
the
Main
Generator
in
the
CON'r
mode
of
operation;
in
all
other
modes,
the
Auxiliary
Generator
controls
the
Main
Generator
as
described
under
Operating
Modes,
Section
2.3.3.
The
Auxiliary
SYMMETRY
control
is
a 3
position
switch
that
selects
the
symmetry
of
the
Auxiliary
waveform
to
90:
10
(./\
) ,
50:50
(
/\.
)
or
10:90
<"'-l·
\men
the
90:10
or
10:90
position
is
used
the
frequency
of
the
Auxiliary
generator,
as
indicated
by
the
dial
and
MULTIPLIER
is
divided
by
10.
The
SYMMETRY
control
is
useful
for
generating
ad-
ditional
pulse
and
sawtooth
waveforms.
b)
The
output
of
the
Auxiliary
generator
is
determined
by
the
push-
button
WAVEFORM
selector.
The
selected
waveform
appears
at
the
AUX
OUT
connector.
c)
The
Auxiliary
output
voltage
is
controlled
by
a
single
turn
PEAK
VOLTS
CONTROL
that
covers
approximately
60 dB
of
attenuation.
Maximum
output
is
20Vp-p,
open-circuit.
Output
impedance
is
50
ohms.
2-9
2.5.3.
Operating
Modes
The
Model
2400
provides
a
selection
of
8
basic
modes
of
operation,
as
determined
by
the
pushbutton
MODE
selector:
AM,
SUPP CARRIER,
CONT,
FM,
SWP,
~
LOCK,
GATE
and
TRIG.
The
AM,
~
LOCK,
GATE
and
TRIG
modes
may
be
generated
internally
by
the
Auxiliary
Generator,
or
by
an
external
source
applied
to
the
respective
external
input
connectors.
1)
AM
MODE:
The
Main
Generator
determines
the
carrier
frequency,
waveform
and
amplitude;
the
Auxiliary
Generator
determines
the
modulating
frequency
and
waveshape.
The
modulation
factor
(modulation
depth)
is
controlled
by
the
%
AM
control;
the
range
is
0%-100%.
The
amplitude
modulated
wave
is
at
the
MAIN
OU'J:'
connector.
For
external
AM
control,
the
INT/EXT
pushbutton
above
the
external
input
labelled
"AM
IN"
is
depressed;
applying
a
4V
peak
AC
signal
to
the
AM
IN
connector
will
calibrate
1:he %
AM
control
for
100%
modulation;
the
modulation
factor
may
then
be
controlled
by
varying
the
%
AM
control.
The
external
voltage
to
%
modulation
is
approximately
linear
in
relationship,
i.e.
zero
to
4V
peak
gives
0%-100%
modulation.
2) SUPP CARRIER
MODE:
For
suppressed
carrier
operation,
depress
the
SUPP CARRIER
mode
in
addition
to
the
AM
mode,
and
adjust
all
controls
as
above.
3)
CONT
MODE:
In
the
CONT
(continuous)
mode,
the
Main
Generator
and
Auxiliary
Generator
are
independent
of
each
other.
4)
FM
MODE:
In
the
FM
mode,
the
Main
Generator
determines
the
carrier
frequency,
amplitude,
and
waveform;
the
Auxiliary
generator
deter-
mines
the
modulating
frequency
and
waveshape.
'£he
FH
deviation
is
controlled
by
the
% FM/SWP STOP CONTROL,
and
has
a
range
of
0-20%.
The
frequency
modulated
wave
is
at
the
MAIN
OUT
connector.
2-10
5)
SWP
MODE:
In
the
SWP
(sweep)
mode
of
operation,
the
Main
Generator
FREQUENCY
Hz
dial
and
MULTIPLIER
set
the
sweep
start
frequency;
the
sweep
stop
frequency
is
adjusted
by
the
%FM/SWP
STOP CONTROL.
The
frequency
may
be
swept
up
or
down.
The
maximum
sweep
range
is
limited
to
the
maximum
dial
range
in
each
MULTIPLIER
position.
The
sweep
rate
is
determined
by
the
Auxiliary
FREQUENCY
dial
and
MULTIPLIER.
The
sweep
characteristic
is
determined
by
the
Aux-
iliary
waveform
selected.
If
the
Auxiliary
SYMMETRY
control
is
engaged
to
generate
a
linear
ramp
sweep,
the
sweep
rate
will
be
divided
by
a
factor
of
10.
The
start
of
the
frequency
sweep
will
correspond
to
the
negative
peak
of
the
selected
Auxiliary
waveform
for
an
up
frequency
sweep,
and
to
the
positive
peak
of
the
selected
Auxiliary
waveform
for
a
down
frequency
sweep.
The
swept
frequency
is
at
the
MAIN
OUT.
6)
~
LOCK
MODE:
The
~
LOCK
(phase-lock)
mode
provides
two
signals
of
the
same
frequency
that
are
phase-locked
over
a ±
90°
range.
In
the
~
LOCK
mode,
the
Main
Generator
FREQUENCY
Hz
dial
is
disabled;
the
Main
Generator
frequency
is
captured
and
locked
by
the
Auxiliary
Generator.
The
locking
frequency
range
is
determined
by
the
Main
Generator
MULTIPLIER,
as
indicated
below:
MULTIPLIER
0.1
1
10
100
1K
10K
100K
100K
1M
~
LOCK
CAPTURE
RANGE
.03Hz
-3Hz
0.3Hz
-
30Hz
3Hz -
300Hz
30Hz
-
3kHz
300Hz
-
30kHz
3kHz
-
300kHz
30kHz
-
300kHz
300kHz
-
3MHz
300kHz
-30MHz
Internal
and
External
l
External
only
The
Auxiliary
Generator
will
capture
and
lock
the
Main
Generator
fre-
quency
over
a
100:1
range
within
each
range
determined
by
the
MULTI-
PLIER
setting.
The
~
LOCK
light,
located
beneath
the
Main
Generator
FREQUENCY
dial,
will
indicate
when
a
locking
condition
exists.
2-11
The
phase-locked
outputs
are
taken
from
the
MAIN
OUT
and
AUX
OUT
connectors.
The
amplitude
and
waveform
of
each
output
are
indep-
endently
selected.
The
LOCK
~/START
~
control
varies
the
phase
of
the
AUX
OUT
with
re-
spect
to
the
MAIN
OUT,
between
-goo
and
+goo,
if
the
two
output
waveforms
are
similar,
or
if
one
is
a
sine
wave
and
the
other
a
triangle.
If
the
MAIN
OUT
is
a
sine
or
triangle
wave
and
the
AUX
OUT
is
a
square
wave,
+90°
must
be
added
to
the
LOCK~
setting.
Conversely,
if
the
AUX
OUT
is
a
sine
or
triangle
wave
and
the
MAIN
OUT
is
a
square
wave,
-goo
must
be
added
to
the
LOCK~
setting.
The
internal
~
LOCK
mode
is
limited
to
the
upper
frequency
of
the
Auxiliary
Generator
(300kHz).
For
ex1:ernal
phase
lock
operation
of
the
INT/EXT
selector
located
above
the
input
labelled
"~
LOCK/GATE/
TRIG"
is
depressed;
a
4V
peak
external
sine
or
triangle
wave
will
phase-lock
the
Main
Generator
and
calibrate
the
LOCK
~/START
~
control
for
±
goo.
The
minimum
locking
volta9e
required
is
.SV
peak.
7)
GATE
(BURST)
MODE:
In
the
GATE
mode
of
operation,
the
Main
Gen-
erator
frequency
is
gated
on
and
off
by
the
Auxiliary
Generator.
The
internal
GATE
mode
is
also
referred
to
as
the
BURST
mode.
The
Main
Generator
FREQUENCY
dial
and
MULTIPLIER
determine
the
burst
frequency.
The
burst
rep-rate
is
determined
by
the
Auxiliary
FRE-
QUENCY
dial
and
MULTIPLIER.
The
burst
on-time
is
controlled
by
the
TRIG
LEVEL
control
when
the
Auxiliary
WAVEFORM
selector
is
set
to
sine
or
triangle.
When
the
Auxiliary
squarewave
is
selected,
the
burst
on-time
will
be
set
at
50%
of
the
burst
rep-rate.
If
the
Auxiliary
SYMMETRY
control
is
used,
the
burst
rep-rate,
indicated
by
the
Auxiliary
FREQUENCY
dial,
will
be
divided
by
a
factor
of
10.
The
LOCK
~/START
~
control
adjusts
the
start/stop
point
of
the
first
and
last
cycle
of
the
burst
by±
90°.
The
burst
itself
al-
ways
contains
an
integral
number
of
cycles
of
the
Main
Generator
dial
frequency.
For
external
gate
operation,
depress
the
button
located
above
the
~
LOCK/GATE/TRIG
input.
The
Main
Generator
will
be
gated
on
durin9
the
positive
transition
of
the
external
ga·te
signal.
The
TRIG
LEVEL
2-12
control
will
adjust
the
gate
threshold
level
between
-4V
and
+4V.
For
manual
gating
of
the
Hain
Generator,
the
INT/EXT
button
is
re-
leased;
depressing
the
TRIG LEVEL/MAN TRIG
control
will
gate
the
Main
Generator
on
for
as
long
as
the
control
is
depressed.
8)
TRIG (PULSE)
MODE:
In
the
internal
TRIG
or
pulse
mode
of
op-
eration,
the
Hain
Generator
is
internally
triggered
by
the
Aux-
iliary
generator.
The
Main
generator
FREQUENCY
dial
and
HULT-
IPLIER
determines
the
single
cycle
or
pulse
period.
The
single
cycle
or
pulse
rep-rate
is
controlled
by
the
Auxiliary
FREQUENCY
dial
and
HULTIPLIER.
The
LOCK
P/START p
control
varies
the
start/stop
point
of
the
haversine
or
havertriangle
waveforms.
The
TRIG
LEVEL
control
will
delay
the
start
of
the
pulse
with
respect
to
the
AUX
OUT.
If
the
Auxiliary
SYHMETRY
control
is
used
the
pulse
rep-rate
will
be
divided
by
approximately
10.
For
external
triggering,
the
same
conditions
apply
as
in
external
gate
operation
(7).
Maximum
trigger
frequency
is
limited
to
SMHz
and
the
Haximum
Main
Generator
frequency
that
may
be
triggered
is
15HHz.
For
manual
triggering,
one
cycle
of
the
Hain
Generator
frequency
will
be
produced
each
time
the
TRIG
LEVEL/MAN
TRIG
button
is
de-
pressed.
Table
2.1
on
pages
2-14
thru
2-16
briefly
describes
how
to
use
the
con-
trols
for
each
desired
mode
of
operation;
a
set
of
illustrative
waveforms
for
each
mode
are
also
included.
2-13
AM
1)
Depress
AM.
2)
Depress
CONT.
3)
Set
carrier
frequency
with
Main
Generator
FRE-
QUENCY
Hz
dial
and
MULTIPLIER.
4)
Select
carrier
waveform
with
Main
Generator
WAVE-
FORM
switch.
5)
Adjust
carrier
amplitude
with
Main
Generator
PEAK
VOLTS
and
ATTENUATOR
dB
controls.
6)
Select
internal
or
external
AM.
7)
If
internal
AM
is
used,
select
modulating
fre-
quency
with
Auxiliary
Generator
frequency
controls.
8)
Select
modulating
waveform
with
Auxiliary
Gen-
erator
WAVEFORM
switch.
9)
If
external
AM
is
used
feed
4V
peak
into
AM
IN
for
100%
modulation.
10)
Adjust
modulation
depth
with
%
AM
control.
SUPP CARRIER
1)
Depress
AM
and
SUPP CARRIER.
2)
Repeat
steps
2
thru
9
above.
3)
Adjust
PEAK
VOLTS
and
ATTENUATOR
dB
controls
for
desired
CW
amplitude
in
CONT
mode,
adjust
%
AM
for
envelope
amplitude.
FM
1)
Depress
FM.
2)
For
AM/FM
or
SUPP CARRIER AM/FM,
also
depress
AM
or
AM
and
SUPP CARRIER.
3)
Select
Main
Generator
frequency,
amplitude
and
waveform.
(Main
Generator
frequency
should
be
10
times
modulation
rate.)
4)
Adjust
%
deviation
0-20%
with
% FM/SWP STOP
control.
>
-
5)
Adjust
FM
rate
with
Auxiliary
Generator
frequency
controls.
6)
Select
modulating
waveform
with
Auxiliary
WAVE-
FORM
switch.
7)
If
SYMMETRY
control
used
(90:10,
10:90)
modulat-
ing
rate
.;
10.
8)
If
external
FM
is
desired,
use
CONT
mode
and
VC
input.
2-14
upper
trace:
100%
lower
trace:
50%
upper
trace:
sine
mod
lower
trace:
triangle
mod
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