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Laird RM126 Series User manual

A
 
Version 1.0
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Version
Date
Notes
Contributors
Approver
1.0
23 May 2023
Initial Release
Raj Khatri
Senthooran
Ragavan
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1Overview .............................................................................................................................................................................4
2Laird Connectivity RM126x Part Numbers...........................................................................................................................4
3Kit Contents.........................................................................................................................................................................4
4Main Board –Features........................................................................................................................................................5
4.1 Key Features..............................................................................................................................................................5
5Understanding the Development Board...............................................................................................................................6
6Specifications ......................................................................................................................................................................7
6.1 Recommended Operating Conditions ........................................................................................................................7
6.2 Current Consumption..................................................................................................................................................7
7Functional Blocks ................................................................................................................................................................8
7.1 Hardware Block Diagram ...........................................................................................................................................8
7.2 Power Supply.............................................................................................................................................................8
7.3 RM126x Reset............................................................................................................................................................9
7.4 Push Button and LED.................................................................................................................................................9
7.4.1 BOOT pin (PC06) and BUTTON 0 (silkscreen BTN0)..........................................................................................9
7.5 On-board Debugger ...................................................................................................................................................9
7.6 Hardware Connectors ..............................................................................................................................................11
7.6.1 Breakout Pads Pinout.........................................................................................................................................12
7.6.2 MikroBUS Socket ...............................................................................................................................................14
7.6.3 Qwiic Connector .................................................................................................................................................16
7.6.4 Debug USB Micro-B Connector..........................................................................................................................16
8Debugging.........................................................................................................................................................................17
8.1 On-board Debugger .................................................................................................................................................17
8.2 Virtual COM Port......................................................................................................................................................17
9Schematic, Assembly Drawing, 3DModel..........................................................................................................................17
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The RM126x Development Kit is an ultra-low cost, small form factor development and evaluation platform for the RM126x
Wireless LoRaWAN Module.
The RM126x Development Kit is focused on rapid prototyping and concept creation of IoT applications. It is designed around
the RM126x Module, based on the EFR32BG22 System-on-Chip and SX126x LoRa chipset, which is an ideal device family for
developing energy-friendly connected IoT applications.
The kit features a USB interface, an on-board SEGGER J-Link debugger, one user-LED and button, and support for hardware
add-on boards via a mikroBus socket and a Qwiic connector. The hardware add-on support allows developers to create and
prototype applications using a virtually endless combination of off-the-shelf boards from mikroE, sparkfun, AdaFruit, and
Seeed Studios.
Module
▪RM126x (RM1261 / RM1262) LoRaWAN Module
▪32-bit ARM® Cortex®-M33 with 76.8 MHz maximum operating frequency
▪512 kB flash and 32 kB RAM
Features
▪User LED and push button
▪20-pin 2.54 mm breakout pads
▪mikroBUS™socket
▪Qwiic® connector
▪SEGGER J-Link on-board debugger
▪Virtual COM port
▪Packet Trace Interface (PTI)
▪USB-powered.
Software
▪AT Command Set (Laird Connectivity created) - Fully featured and extensible, proven over 5+ years
▪Native C development Code (Customer created)- Full software development with Silicon Labs SDK
and toolchain. Use Simplicity Studio IDE for full functionality of Silicon Labs HW/SW
Part Number
Description
453-00140-K1
Development Kit, RM1261, SX1261, MHF4
453-00139-K1 
Development Kit, RM1262, SX1262, MHF4
Applicable to following RM126x part numbers:
Part Number
Product Description
453-00140
Module, RM1261, SX1261, MHF4
453-00139
Module, RM1262, SX1262, MHF4
All kits contain the following items:
Development Board
Contains soldered RM1261 / RM1262 module and exposes all available hardware interfaces.
Power Options
USB cable (x1) –Type A to micro type B. Also provides serial via onboard USB –UART chip
Antenna with RM1261
1 x Laird FlexPIFA 868MHz antenna
1 x Laird iFlexPIFA 915MHz antenna
Antenna with RM1262
1 x Laird iFlexPIFA 915MHz antenna
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The RM126x Development Kit has been designed to simplify IoT development with the RM126x wireless module. The kit
includes a mikroBUS™socket and Qwiic® connector, allowing users to add features to the kit with a large selection of off-the-
shelf boards.
Programming the RM126x Development Kit is easily done using a USB Micro-B cable and the on-board J-Link debugger. A
USB virtual COM port provides a serial connection to the target application.
The RM126x Development board Kit DVK-RM126x ships with signed RM126x Bootloader and AT application firmware
(customer using AT commands run from a host). Alternatively, the RM126x is supported in Silicon Labs’ Simplicity Studio™
and an initial Board Support Package (BSP) is provided by Silicon labs to give application developers a flying start. Laird
Connectivity provides extensive sample applications RM126x for those customers developing with C code developing with the
Silicon Labs SDK, including the mandatory RM126x radio regulatory protection layer.
Connecting external hardware to the RM126x Development Kit can be done using the 20 breakout pads which present
peripherals from the RM126x such as I2C, SPI, UART and GPIOs. The mikroBUS socket allows inserting mikroBUS add-on
boards which interface with the RM126x through SPI, UART or I2C. The Qwiic connector can be used to connect hardware
from the Qwiic Connect System through I2C.
The following key hardware elements are included on the RM126x Development Kit:
▪RM126x (RM1261 / RM1262) LoRaWAN Module (EFR32 with 76.8 MHz operating frequency), connecting to external
antenna (MHF4), 512 kB flash, and 32 kB RAM
▪One LED and one push button
▪On-board SEGGER J-Link debugger for easy programming and debugging, which includes a USB virtual COM port
and Packet Trace Interface (PTI)
▪MikroBUS™socket for connecting click boards™and other mikroBUS add-on boards
▪Qwiic® connector for connecting Qwiic Connect System hardware
▪Breakout pads for GPIO access and connection to external hardware
▪Reset button
▪DVK-RM126x ships with signed RM126x Bootloader and AT application firmware (customer using AT commands run
from a host)
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Figure 1: RM126x development board layout
Note: Example given is for the RM1262 development board. The development boards are identical with the exception of
the included module (RM1261 or RM1262).
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Table 1: Recommended operating conditions
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
USB Supply Input Voltage
VUSB
-
+5.0
-
V
Supply Input Voltage (VMCU1 supplied externally)
VVMCU1
+3.31
V
Operating Temperature
TOP
-
+20
-
˚C
1 The typical supply voltage to the RM126x is 3.3 V, but the maximum voltage is a function of temperature and average lifetime
current load. See the RM126x datasheet for more information.
The operating current of the board greatly depends on the application and the amount of external hardware connected. See
Table 2 for typical current consumptions for the RM126x and the on-board debugger. Note that the numbers are taken from
the data sheets for the devices. For a full overview, see the RM126x datasheet.
Table 2: Current consumption
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Typ
Unit
Radio RX current
(RM1261 or
RM1262)
IRX_LORA
IRX_FSK
RM1261 or RM1261 LoRa radio system current consumption
in Receive mode - RX Boosted, LoRa. Running radio test
firmware, EUART open. (VDD=3.3V, at 25 ˚C).
8.1
mA
RM1261 or RM1261 FSK radio system current consumption
in Receive mode - RX Boosted, FSK 50kbps. Running radio
test firmware, EUART open. (VDD = 3.3V, at 25 ˚C).
7.6
mA
Radio TX current
(RM1261)
ITX_LORA
RM1261 LoRa radio system current consumption in Transmit
mode @ 14dBm, 915MHz (VDD=3.0 V, at 25 ˚C).
28.8
mA
Radio TX current
(RM1262)
ITX_LORA
RM1262 LoRa radio system current consumption in Transmit
mode @ 22dBm, 915MHz (VDD=3.0 Vat 25 ˚C). VDD=3.3V
minimum to achieve RF TX power 22dBm.
109
mA
On-board Debugger
Sleep Current
Consumption2
IDBG
On-board debugger current consumption when USB cableis
not inserted (EFM32GG12 EM4S mode current
consumption).
80
nA
1 From RM126x data sheet
2 From EFR32BG22 data sheet
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The core of the RM126x Development Kit is the RM126x LoRaWAN Module. Refer to Understanding the Development Board
for placement and layout of the hardware components.
An overview of the RM126x Development Kit is illustrated in the figure below.
Figure 2: RM126x DVK block diagram
The kit is powered by the debug USB cable as illustrated in the figure below.
Figure 3: RM126x DVK power diagram
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The 5 volt power net on the USB bus is regulated down to 3.3 V using an LDO (low-dropout regulator). An automatic isolation
circuit isolates the LDO when the USB cable is not plugged in.
Power can be injected externally on the VMCU1 net if the USB cable is removed, and no other power sources are present on
the kit. Failure to follow this guideline can cause power conflicts and damage the LDO.
The RM126x can be reset by a few different sources:
▪A user pressing the RESET button.
▪The on-board debugger pulling the #RESET pin low.
The kit has one user push button marked BTN0 and one LED marked LED0 that are each connected to a GPIO on the
RM126x. The button is connected to pin PC06 and it is debounced by an RC filter with a time constant of 1 ms. The logic
state of the button is high while the button is not being pressed, and low when the button is pressed. The LED is configurable
in firmware for user’s application. See BOOT pin (PC06) and BUTTON 0 (silkscreen BTN0) usage information.
Figure 4: RM126x DVK Button and LED
For the RM126x module the BOOT pin is on PC06 (pin19). On the RM126x development board BTN0 (Button0) is by default
mapped to the BOOT pin for easier utilisation.
The BOOT pin (PC06) is used to determine when execution of the bootloader is required. Upon reset, execution of the
bootloader begins. The state of the BOOT pin is read immediately upon start-up of the bootloader. If LOW (BTN0 pressed),
execution of the bootloader continues, facilitating firmware update via the UART. If the BOOT pin is HIGH (BTN0 not pressed),
the bootloader will stop execution and pass control to the main application firmware.
Please refer to respective DVK schematics and Serial DFU section of User Guide - Firmware Options and Upgrading –
RM126x Series for more information at:
https://www.lairdconnect.com/rm126x-series
The RM126x Development Kit contains a microcontroller separate from the RM126x that provides the user with an on- board
J-Link debugger through the USB Micro-B port. This microcontroller is referred to as the "on-board debugger”and is not
programmable by the user. When the USB cable is removed, the on-board debugger goes into a very low power shutoff mode
(EM4S), consuming around 80 nA typically (EFM32GG12 data sheet number).
In addition to providing code download and debug features, the on-board debugger also presents a virtual COM port for
general purpose application serial data transfer. The Packet Trace Interface (PTI) is also supported which offers
invaluable debug information about transmitted and received packets in wireless links.
The figure below shows the connections between the target RM126x device and the on-board debugger. See Debugging for
more details.
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Figure 5: RM126x DVK Debugger Connections
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The RM126x Development Kit features a USB Micro-B connector, 20 breakout pads, a mikroBUS connector for connecting
mikroBUS add-on boards, and a Qwiic connector for connecting Qwiic Connect System hardware. The connectors are placed
on the top side of the board, and their placement and pinout are shown in the figure below. For additional information on the
connectors, see the following sub chapters.
Figure 6: RM126x DVK hardware connectors
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Twenty breakout pads are provided and allow connection of external peripherals. There are 10 pads on the left side of the
board, and 10 pads on the right. The breakout pads contain a number of I/O pins that can be used with most of the RM126x
features. Additionally, the VMCU1 (main board power rail), 3V3 (LDO regulator output), and 5V power rails are also
exposed on thepads.
The pin-routing on the RM126x is very flexible, so most peripherals can be routed to any pin. However, pins may be shared
between the breakout pads and other functions on the RM126x Development Kit. The table below includes an overview of the
breakout pads and functionality that is shared with the kit.
Table 3: RM126x DVK Breakout Pads Pinout
Pin
Connection
Shared Feature
(Top View) Left Side Breakout Pins (J1)
1
PC06
BUTTON0
2
PA03
DBG_SWO, SI_SWO
3
GND
Ground
4
5V
Board USB voltage
5
PB03
SI_UART_RX
6
PB02
SI_UART_RTS
7
PC07
SI_UART_TX
8
PB04
SI_UART_CTS
9
PC05
LED0(via SB4), MikroBUS INT
10
PC04
MikroBUS PWM
(Top View) Right Side Breakout Pins (J2)
1
RST
RM126x reset, active low
2
NC
3
GND
Ground
4
VMCU1
RM126x voltage domain
5
PD03
MikroBUS SPI_MOSI default via closed SB11
Optional (cut SB11 first):
MikroBUS I2C_SDA (via shorting SB9),
Qwiic I2C_SDA (via shorting SB10),
MikroBUS UART_TX (via shorting SB12)
6
PD02
MikroBUS SPI_MISO default via closed SB7
Optional (cut SB7 first):
MikroBUS I2C_SCL (via shorting SB5),
Qwiic I2C_SCL (via shorting SB6),
MikroBUS UART_RX (via shorting SB8)
7
PC00
MikroBUS SPI_SCK
8
PC01
MikroBUS SPI_CS
9
PC03
MikroBUS RST
10
PC02
MikroBUS Analog
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Figure 7: RM126x DVK Breakout Pad (J1 and J2)2
5V VMCU1
BREAKOUT_LEFT1 BREAKOUT_RIGHT1
C0
RST
NC
D3
C1
C5 C3
C6
A3
B3
B2
C7
B4
D2
Labels: Labels:
C4 C2
GND
5V
GND
VMCU
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
J1
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
J2
GND
BREAKOUT_LEFT2
BREAKOUT_LEFT5
BREAKOUT_LEFT6
BREAKOUT_LEFT7
BREAKOUT_LEFT8
BREAKOUT_LEFT9
BREAKOUT_LEFT10
BREAKOUT_RIGHT5
BREAKOUT_RIGHT6
BREAKOUT_RIGHT7
BREAKOUT_RIGHT8
BREAKOUT_RIGHT9
BREAKOUT_RIGHT10
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The RM126x Development Kit features a mikroBUS™
socket compatible with mikroBUS add-on boards.
MikroBUS add-on boards can expand the functionality of
the kit with peripherals such as sensors and LCDs. Add-on
boards follow the mikroBUS socket pin mapping and
communicates with the on-kit RM126x through UART, SPI
or I2C. Several GPIOs are exposed on the mikroBUS
socket. MikroBUS add-on boards can be powered by the
5V or VMCU1 power rails, which are available on the
mikroBUS socket.
The pinout of the RM126x on the kit is made such that all
required peripherals are available on the mikroBUS
socket. The I2C signals are, however, shared with the
Qwiic connector, and all mikroBUS signals are also routed
to adjacent breakout pads.
When inserting a mikroBUS add-on board, refer to the
orientation notch on the RM126x Development Kit, shown
in the figure below, to ensure correct orientation. Add-on
boards have a similar notch that needs to be lined up with
the one shown below.
Figure 8: mikroBUS add-on board orientation
The table below gives an overview of the mikroBUS socket pin connections to the RM126x.
Table 4: Pin connections from mikroBUS socket to RM126x
Pin
Name
Pin Function
Connection
Shared Feature
Suggested
Mapping
AN
Analog
PC02
BREAKOUT_RIGHT10
IADC0
RST
Reset
PC03
BREAKOUT_RIGHT9
CS
SPI Chip Select
PC01
BREAKOUT_RIGHT8
USARTx.CS
SCK
SPI Clock
PC00
BREAKOUT_RIGHT7
USARTx.CLK
MISO
SPI Master Input
Slave Output
PD02 (via closed SB7, default)
BREAKOUT_RIGHT6
USARTx.RX
MOSI
SPI Master
PD03 (via closed SB11, default)
BREAKOUT_RIGHT5
USARTx.TX
VMCU1
GND
5V
GND
MIKROE_ANALOG
MIKROE_RST
MIKROE_SPI_CS
MIKROE_SPI_SCK
MIKROE_SPI_MISO
MIKROE_SPI_MOSI
MIKROE_PWM
MIKROE_INT
MIKROE_UART_RX
MIKROE_UART_TX
MIKROE_I2C_SCL
MIKROE_I2C_SDA
MikroE Socket
AN
RST
CS
SCK
MISO
MOSI
+3.3V
GND
Labels:
PWM
INT
RX
TX
SCL
SDA
+5V
Labels:
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
J201
WCON,2185-108MG0CYNR2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
J202
WCON,2185-108MG0CYNR2
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Pin
Name
Pin Function
Connection
Shared Feature
Suggested
Mapping
Output Slave
Input
SB11)
3V3
VCC 3.3V power
VMCU1
RM126x voltage
domain
3V3
GND
Reference
Ground
GND
Ground
GND
PWM
PWM output
PC04
BREAKOUT_LEFT10
TIMER0.CCx
INT
Hardware
Interrupt
PC05
BREAKOUT_LEFT9
RX
UART Receive
PD02 (via shorting SB8, cut
default SB7)
BREAKOUT_LEFT8
USARTx.RX
TX
UART Transmit
PD023 (via shorting SB12, cut
default SB11)
BREAKOUT_LEFT7
USARTx.TX
SCL
I2C Clock
PD02 (via shorting SB5, cut
default SB7)
QWIIC_I2C_SCL (via
shorting SB6, cut
default SB7);
BREAKOUT_LEFT6
I2Cx.SCL
SDA
I2C Data
PD03 (via shorting SB9, cut
default SB11)
QWIIC_I2C_SDA (via
shorting SB10, cut
default SB11),
BREAKOUT_LEFT5
I2Cx.SDA
5V
VCC 5V power
5V
Board USB voltage
5V
GND
Reference
Ground
GND
Ground
GND
The below figure XYZ shows RM126x GPIO’s PD02 and PD03 are shared with multiple signals, with default the
MIKROE_SPI_MISO wired to RM126x PD02 (via closed solder bridge SB7) and MIKROE_SPI_MOSI wired to RM126x PD03
(via closed solder bridge SB11).
Figure 9: PD02 and PD03 Schematic
RM126X_SIO7_PD02
MIKROE_I2C_SDA
BREAKOUT_RIGHT6
QWIIC_I2C_SCL
QWIIC_I2C_SDA
MIKROE_I2C_SCL
R936
0201,4.7k,1%
VMCU1
NOPOP
RM126X_SIO6_PD03
BREAKOUT_RIGHT5
MIKROE_SPI_MOSI
MIKROE_UART_TX
MIKROE_SPI_MISO
MIKROE_UART_RX
R937
0201,4.7k,1%
NOPOP
SB7 SolderbridgeClosed
SB5 SolderbridgeOpen
SB6 SolderbridgeOpen
SB8 SolderbridgeOpen
SB9 SolderbridgeOpen
SB10 SolderbridgeOpen
SB11 SolderbridgeClosed
SB12 SolderbridgeOpen
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The RM126x Development Kit features a Qwiic® connector compatible with Qwiic Connect System hardware. The Qwiic
connector providesan easy way to expand the functionality of the RM126x Development Kit with sensors, LCDs, and other
peripherals over the I2C interface. The Qwiic connector is a 4-pin polarized JST connector, which ensures the cable is inserted
the right way.
Qwiic Connect System hardware is daisy chainable as long as each I2C device in the chain has a unique I2C address.
Note: The Qwiic I2C connections on the RM126x Development Kit are shared with the mikroBUS I2C signals.
The Qwiic connector and its connections to Qwiic cables and the RM126x are illustrated in the figure below.
Figure 10: Qwiic connector
The table below gives an overview of the Qwiic connections to the RM126x.
Table 5: Qwiic connections to RM126x
Qwiic
Pin
Connection
Shared Feature
Suggested
Peripheral
Mapping
Ground
GND
Ground
3.3V
VMCU1
RM126x voltage domain
SDA
PD03
Default (via solder bridge SB11): MIKROE_SPI_MOSI,
Optional (cut solder bridge SB11):
QWIC_I2C_SDA (via shorting solder bridge (SB10)
I2Cx.SDA
SCL
PD02
Default (via solder bridge SB7): MIKROE_SPI_MISO,
Optional (cut solder bridge SB7):
QWIC_I2C_SCL (via shorting solder bridge (SB6)
I2Cx.SCL
The debug USB port can be used for uploading code, debugging, and as a Virtual COM port. More information is available
in Debugging section.
VMCU1
GND
QWIIC_I2C_SCL
QWIIC_I2C_SDA
1
2
3
4
56
P202
WCON,WF1001-WM04ER1
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The RM126x Development Kit contains an on-board SEGGER J-Link Debugger that interfaces to the target RM126x using the
Serial WireDebug (SWD) interface. The debugger allows the user to download code and debug applications running in the
target RM126x. Additionally, it also provides a virtual COM port (VCOM) to the host computer that is connected to the target
device's serial port, for general purpose communication between the running application and the host computer. The Packet
Trace Interface (PTI) is also supported by the on-board debugger, which offers invaluable debug information about transmitted
and received packets in wireless links. The on- board debugger is accessible through the USB Micro-B connector.
The on-board debugger is a SEGGER J-Link debugger running on an EFM32. The debugger is directly connected to the
debug and VCOM pins of the target RM126x.
When the debug USB cable is inserted, the on-board debugger is automatically active and takes control of the debug and
VCOM inter- faces. This means that debug and communication will not work with an external debugger connected at the same
time. The on-board LDO is also activated which then powers the board. When the USB cable is removed, the on-board
debugger goes into a very low power shutoff mode (EM4S), consuming around 80 nA typically (EFM32GG12 data sheet
number). This means that an application running off batteries will not be affected too much by the on-board debugger power
consumption. Since the I/O voltage rail of the debuggerremains powered in the battery-operated mode, the pins connected to
the debug and VCOM interfaces maintain proper isolation and prevent leakage currents.
The virtual COM port is a connection to a UART of the target RM126x and allows serial data to be sent and received from the
device. The on-board debugger presents this as a virtual COM port on the host computer that shows up when the USB cable is
inserted.
Data is transferred between the host computer and the debugger through the USB connection, which emulates a serial port
using the USB Communication Device Class (CDC). From the debugger, the data is passed on to the target device through a
physical UART connection.
The serial format is 115200 bps, 8 bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit by default. For more information on
Note: Changing the baud rate for the COM port on the PC side does not influence the UART baud rate between the debugger
and the target device.
Schematic, assembly drawing, 3D model are available on the Rm126x Series product page in Documentation->Technical
drawings:
https://www.lairdconnect.com/rm126x-series

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