Lava eSynC-E User manual

eSynC Product Family
Reference Manual
April 5, 2022
Revision C03
Abstract
The eSynC family of products (formally known as LAVASynC+) permits the charging of select
Samsung mobile devices while simultaneously interacting with USB 2.0 accessories.
The eSynC products share the core set of features present in all nSynC products, as well as
providing “extended” features such as battery modulation, screen brightness management, and
improved network operation. All devices supported use the USB-C interface.
Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3
System Requirements...................................................................................................................... 4
Product Features.............................................................................................................................. 6
USB Host Operation with Simultaneous Charging .................................................................... 6
USB 2.0 Ports for User Accessories........................................................................................... 7
LAVA Tablet Manager (LTM) Application............................................................................... 7
Battery Modulation..................................................................................................................... 8
Wired Network Operation......................................................................................................... 10
Network Recovery Operation................................................................................................... 11
Screen Brightness Management................................................................................................ 12
Power Options........................................................................................................................... 13
Power-over-Ethernet Support ................................................................................................... 14
System Watchdog Handling ..................................................................................................... 15
Samsung Knox Configure......................................................................................................... 16
Product Versions....................................................................................................................... 16
Connection Descriptions............................................................................................................... 17
USB-C “Mobile Device” Data & Power Output ...................................................................... 17
USB-C “Power Adapter” Input................................................................................................. 17
“Aux. Power Adapter” input..................................................................................................... 18
Barrel Jack “9-36 VDC In”....................................................................................................... 19
USB-A receptacles.................................................................................................................... 19
Status LEDs .............................................................................................................................. 20
“Ethernet” RJ45 Port and Indicators......................................................................................... 21
“PoE-Ethernet” RJ45 Port and Indicators................................................................................. 22
Internal Jumpers........................................................................................................................ 22
Using USB Serial Ports................................................................................................................. 23
Modules: eSynC-1U-OEM and eSynC-BM-OEM....................................................................... 24
LAVA Tablet Manager (LTM) Configuration File...................................................................... 26
Commands and Parameters....................................................................................................... 27
Diagnostic Log File................................................................................................................... 31
Sample LTM_CFG.txt Configuration File ............................................................................... 32

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The “LAVA Device Info” Utility ................................................................................................. 33
The “LTM Setup” Utility.............................................................................................................. 34
Dimensions ................................................................................................................................... 35
Technical Support......................................................................................................................... 36

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Introduction
The eSynC products allow select Samsung mobile devices to operate as a USB Host while
simultaneously being charged. LAVA calls this feature SimulCharge, for simultaneous charging
of a mobile device while working with USB 2.0 accessories.
This document describes the features of the eSynC products in detail.
In addition to the features of the nSynC Product Family, the eSynC products provide extended
features such as battery modulation, screen brightness management, and improved network
operation.
The eSynC features use a combination of hardware and software. The LAVA Tablet Manager
(i.e. LTM) application must be installed to support an eSynC product.
The eSynC products use features specific to a group of Samsung mobile devices.
eSynC Product Family Overview
Product
USB 2.0
Ports
[Type A]
Ethernet
Adapter
Power
over
Ethernet
5 VDC
Input
[USB-C]
9/ 36 VDC
Input
[Barrel]
Description
eSynC-PE
-
YES
YES
Auxiliary
[Micro-B]
-
Ethernet Adapter with PoE
eSynC-E
-
YES
-
YES
-
Ethernet Adapter
eSynC-P2UE
2
YES
YES
Auxiliary
[Micro-B]
-
2-port USB Hub & Ethernet Adapter
with PoE
eSynC-2UE
2
YES
-
YES
-
2-port USB Hub & Ethernet Adapter
eSynC-3U
3
-
-
YES
-
3-port USB Hub
eSynC-vc5UE
5
YES
-
-
Yes
5-port USB Hub & Ethernet Adapter
eSynC-vc3U
3
-
-
Auxiliary
Yes
3-port USB Hub
eSynC-vc2UE
2
YES
-
-
Yes
2-port USB Hub & Ethernet Adapter
eSynC-vc1U
1
-
-
Auxiliary
Yes
1-port USB Hub
eSynC-vcE
-
YES
-
-
Yes
Ethernet Adapter
eSynC-1U-OEM
1
-
-
YES
-
1-port OEM Adapter (board only)
eSynC-BM-OEM
-
-
-
YES
-
Charging-Board Adapter (board only)
Note: eSynC products require the installation and activation of the LAVA Tablet Manager application.

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System Requirements
The eSynC products operate with a group of USB-C mobile devices. These devices must
implement specific aspects of the USB-C Power Delivery (USB-C PD) specification. Please
contact LAVA Sales or Technical Support for the current list of tested devices.
The mobile device requires the installation of the LAVA Tablet Manager application, which is
provided by LAVA. The "eSynC Quick Start Guide" describes the setup procedure for the
eSynC product and the LTM application.
The mobile device must use Android 5.1 or newer for compatibility with LTM v4.** and v5.**.
The eSynC product is connected to a mobile device using a standard USB-C to USB-C cable
provided by the user. The USB-C cable must support both data and charging. The cable may
be up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) in length. The cable need not be electronically marked, as the current
levels are always less than 3 amperes.
The eSynC products work with unrooted mobile devices.
The eSynC Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) models require a suitable Network Switch with PoE
support. A non-PoE Network Switch can use a PoE Power Injector for each port to operate with
an eSynC PoE product. A PoE Power Injector is a standard add-on available from many Network
Switch vendors.
The eSynC models without PoE require a USB Power Supply with a USB-C plug. The
Wall/USB Charger provided with the tablet or mobile phone is an ideal choice. Any USB Power
Supply with sufficient power for the combined requirements of the compatible mobile device
and USB accessories, can be used. The USB Power supply should be able to provide 5 volts
with at least 2 amperes.
The eSynC "vc" products require power to be supplied through a DC barrel jack with a 2-
millimeter positive center pin. The power cable and power supply are supplied by the user. Any
unregulated DC power source can be used from 9 to 36 volts. These products are ideal for
automotive based installations which are based on a 12-volt or 24-volt battery.
LAVA only has access to models from the Canadian market and some U.S. models for internal
testing. A tablet or mobile phone integrator must perform a verification of the device model and
build targeted for their application. LAVA will assist in the testing of other devices provided a
sample is made available. The sample device must be delivered with the intended firmware build
already installed.
The mobile device features used by the LAVA products are not universal. Samsung, for
example, tailors the mobile device firmware to a world region or country. Tablet versions created
by Samsung for mobile carriers do not behave the same as the standard products. You must
verify the behavior of the model of mobile device and firmware build to be used before
committing to any deployment.

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Note: LTM v4.** and v5.** are exactly the same. The only difference is LTM v4.** must be side
loaded, while v5.** is available in the Google Play Store.
Note:
LTM v4.** and v5.** do not require Samsung Knox support, unlike the earlier
versions of LTM.

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Product Features
Overview
The eSynC and nSynC products share the following core features:
USB Host operation with simultaneous mobile device charging
Available with multiple USB-2.0 receptacles
Wired networking (10/100 Ethernet) support
Option for Power over Ethernet (PoE) support
Option to be powered from standard USB Power Adapters
Option to be powered from any regulated 5-volt power supply
Option to be powered from a 12 or 24-volt unregulated DC power source
The eSynC products include the above core features as well as the following extended features:
Support for installations running 24/7
Battery modulation for the tablet and mobile phone longevity
Enhanced Network Management for reliable network operation
Screen brightness control for reduced heat generation
Up to 5 USB-2.0 receptacles
The eSynC extended features rely on the LAVA product working in unison with the LAVA
Tablet Manager application. Installation of the LTM application is mandatory before using an
eSynC product.
USB Host Operation with Simultaneous Charging
The primary feature of all eSynC and nSynC products is to allow the charging of select Samsung
mobile devices while interacting with USB accessories. The LAVA products do not draw power
from the Samsung mobile device and only allow USB accessory operation while being powered
by an external power source.
The compatible mobile devices have been verified to support USB Host operation while also
allowing the device to be charged. The USB-C specification allows for many levels of
functionality to be implemented by each manufacturer. Not all aspects of USB-C and USB-C PD
(Power Delivery) are implemented on a device just because it has a USB-C receptacle.
Note:
If your use case requires USB accessories to be operated with and without an
external power source, please contact LAVA Sales as other LAVA products not
described in this document are designed for this situation.

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USB 2.0 Ports for User Accessories
The LAVA products include an internal USB 2.0 Hub, which is used to connect integrated and
user-supplied USB accessories. Up to five user-accessible USB 2.0 ports are available depending
on which LAVA product is selected.
User accessories are attached to USB 2.0 ports with a standard A-type receptacle. Each
receptacle provides power to each USB Accessory up to a maximum of 500 mA, as per the USB
specification. The power supply used must have sufficient capacity for the mobile device, LAVA
hardware, and USB accessories.
A LAVA product must be powered for a USB-A receptacle to function. The LAVA products
have a dedicated power input and are not intended to draw power from the tablet or mobile
phone.
A power budget must be developed for a system to handle additional USB accessories and the
related cables. Power loss in each cable results in lower voltages at each device. Using self-
powered USB Hubs may be required in some systems, to offload the power supply responsible
for the tablet or mobile phone.
LAVA Tablet Manager (LTM) Application
The LAVA Tablet Manager application must be installed on the mobile device to manage each
LAVA product. The LTM application runs in the background on the mobile device. LTM works
with Android v5.1.1 and newer.
LTM is available through the Google Play Store (LTM v5.**) and is also distributed as part of a
LAVA Software Release Package (LTM v4.**), which includes a copy of the eSTS Installation
Manual. LTM must be used with a LAVA product that is matched to the mobile device being
used. Please contact LAVA sales or technical support for further details at
www.lavasimulcharge.com.
Once LTM is installed, the Product Family, Protection Type, and Ethernet usage are configured
through the built-in setup manager. All other configuration parameters are optional. These steps
are described in detail in the installation manual. No other license or special activation is
required.
During normal operation, the application launches automatically when it detects the LAVA
hardware and is intended to run quietly in the background. If the application is accidentally shut
down, it is woken up within 7 minutes by the recovery timeouts that are built into the LAVA
hardware.
LTM typically operates in a "Background Mode" to ensure that only the customer applications
are seen by the device user. Clicking on the application icon four times within a few seconds
forces the application into the “Configuration Console”, which allows the configuration to be
reviewed or modified. The "Force to Background" option in the overflow menu places LTM
back into its preferred state.

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If LTM is not running, one click of the application icon launches it with the “Configuration
Console”enabled. All LTM protection features are active in both application states. The
configuration portion of LTM allows all common parameters to be set. Specialized parameters
require the configuration file be manually edited on a separate device.
Note:
The LTM application is not a standalone product and requires a LAVA product
to function.
Note:
LTM must be configured with the correct Product Family and Protection Type.
Note:
Failure to install LTM results in USB accessories being briefly disconnected
every 7 minutes when the eSync Timeouts are active.
Note: Although LTM v4.** and v5.** are the same, the application package names for them
are different. If you wish to switch between versions, you must uninstall the app from the mobile
device before installing the other version. Otherwise, there will be a conflict between the two
versions installed. The config file will also be deleted when the app is uninstalled, so please
make note of your settings in the GUI, especially the Product Family and Protection Type,
before switching versions.
Battery Modulation
The Battery Modulation feature helps reduce stress on the device’s battery. Battery Modulation
is a feature in which the battery is charged up to an upper set point, and then allowed to
discharge to a lower set point. This feature electronically mimics the process of charging a
battery and then disconnecting the charger. This behavior follows the expected use case for a
mobile device. After a set number of user-defined charge/discharge cycles, the device is briefly
allowed to charge to 100% to reset the battery calibration.
The LTM application works with the eSynC product to implement the Battery Modulation
feature.
Battery Modulation ensures the device battery never remains at the 100% level for more than a
few minutes over a month, thus preventing overcharging. This behavior makes the LAVA
products ideal for enclosures that run 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. All parameters associated
with the modulation feature are customized in the LTM configuration.
The LTM application presents several battery modulation schemes to deal with the unique
capabilities of each mobile device model. Setting the correct Product Family and Protection
Type is critical for LAVA Battery Modulation to work. The LTM configuration help will
identify which option to use for a given mobile device. The default configuration parameters
associated with Battery Modulation are:
product-family=2
btty-protection-type=1
btty-upper-threshold=75
btty-lower-threshold=45
btty-cycle-limit-on-start=2

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btty-cycle-limit=50
The “product-family=2” is always used for eSynC products.
The “btty-protection-type” keyword selects between two possible battery protection schemes, to
adapt to the capabilities of the mobile device. The “LTM Configuration Help” will identify
which option to use for a given mobile device.
The above sample sets the upper and lower battery charge thresholds at 75% and 45%
respectively. Every 50 charge cycles the battery is allowed to charge to 100%. Within a few
minutes of reaching the 100% level, the device starts discharging down to the 45% level.
Periodically charging to 100% permits recalibration of the battery level to battery voltage by the
device.
The "btty-cycle-limit-on-start=2" results in the device being allowed to charge up to 100% two
cycles after the LTM application is started. The "btty-cycle-limit-on-start" command allows for
an early battery calibration for situations where the device might have been turned off for some
time. Using "btty-cycle-limit-on-start" is optional.
Only the “btty-protection-type=1” option can be used with eSynC Mk1 products. Using “btty-
protection-type=2” with an eSynC Mk1 results in the battery charging to 100%.
Use of “btty-protection-type=1” and “btty-protection-type=2” is supported by eSynC Mk2
products.
The eSync Mk1 and Mk2 can be identified by the LED startup sequence, the Hardware
Information section of LTM, or through the optional LAVA Device Info utility.
Note: The LAVA-Device-Info utility and is a useful addition for LTM 3 users. However, it is
redundant for users of LTM v4.** and v5.** as its features are now built into the app.

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Wired Network Operation
Many eSynC products provide a 10/100 Fast Ethernet wired interface. This feature relies on
standard support built into the tablet or mobile phone. A wired networking solution is more
reliable than Wi-Fi and has greater security.
Devices supporting Wired Ethernet operation provide options for dynamic address setup (DHCP)
and static address setup. The choice of address management is a Network system issue. The
Ethernet addressing configuration is performed within the device setup menu.
The device setup and status for the Ethernet port are located in the Connections > More networks
> Ethernet menu. The Ethernet menu can only be entered when a powered Ethernet adapter is
present. The standard device options permit the use of static address assignments or dynamic
address assignments via DHCP. The menu reports if the Ethernet adapter is active.
When using DHCP, the device attempts to fetch the network addressing information from a
DHCP server. If the addressing information is not located within the timeout period, the device
makes no further attempts. The user must manually retrigger the Ethernet interface to start the
DHCP process. The retrigger is a simple matter of pressing the Ethernet "box" again in the
"More networks > Ethernet" menu. The eSynC Network Recovery automates the network
restart, which is critical for embedding a device in an enclosure or kiosk.
When the user disables the Ethernet adapter via the Connections > More networks > Ethernet
menu, the adapter remains disabled until enabled again by the user.
In some cases, an installation may choose to use Wi-Fi for network access rather than the wired
Ethernet support of the eSynC product. The eSynC product’s Ethernet interface can be disabled
when Wi-Fi is enabled using the configuration command “wifi-overrides-ethernet=1”.
The “permit-ethernet=0” command disables the Ethernet interface. Ethernet is permitted by
default.

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Network Recovery Operation
The eSynC products and the LTM application help a tablet or mobile phone recover from
failures to establish a network connection when using a wired network connection. The typical
failure is due to the inability to establish a network address from a DHCP server.
When a DHCP lookup or lease renewal fails, the device turns off the Ethernet interface and
makes no further attempts. In a typical situation, the user would go to the configuration menu
and enable Ethernet to restart the connection. The alternative is to unplug the network cable and
plug it in again to reset the connection. Until the process is restarted, the device has lost the
wired network connection. The DHCP behavior is a serious issue for an enclosure-based system.
There is no software-only solution for a non-rooted device.
The LTM application monitors the wired network connection. If the connection is lost, LTM
automatically restarts the Ethernet hardware to establish a connection.
When a reset takes place the Android Toast message “LTM – RESET ETHERNET” is reported.
The initial restart takes place if no network connection is seen for about 1 minute. If the
connection is not restored, repeated attempts are made until a connection is restored. There are
two options for the handling of subsequent attempts. Option 1 gradually backs off the time-out
used. The timeouts are 2, 3, 5, and 8 minutes. After the first three reset attempts, subsequent
attempts are made every 8 minutes. Option 2 repeats subsequent attempts every 2 minutes.
If the Network Recovery feature is not desired, it can be disabled using the “dhcp-recovery=0”
command in the LTM configuration.

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Screen Brightness Management
The LTM application has a configurable option to manage the screen brightness. The tablet or
mobile phone screen is a significant power consumer and heat generator within the device. If the
screen is too bright, the device may not be able to charge the battery.
Using the screen brightness management feature is recommended, however it is disabled as a
default to simplify first-time setup of new mobile device.
For a given application, the optimal screen brightness must be established by the system
designer. The LTM application can then ensure this maximum is never exceeded.
The Brightness Management feature has two windows for day and night operation. The "time 1"
is assumed to be the start of the night-time operation. The "time 2" is assumed to be the start of
the daytime operation. A brightness level can be configured for each of these time windows.
During the daytime window, selecting the lowest possible screen brightness reduces heat
generation and improves the ability to charge the battery. In many instances, a device screen
level of 85% to 90% has a minimal change to the apparent brightness compared to a level of
100%, yet significantly reduces heat generation.
During the night-time window, selecting a very low screen level reduces heat generation
dramatically. Setting a level of 15%, allows the screen to be seen. Turning the screen off during
night-time is preferred.
Reducing heat generation over the life of the tablet or mobile phone helps improve the longevity
of the battery and other internal components.
The Brightness Management feature is recommended but remains optional. The feature requires
that auto-brightness of the device is turned off, and that the time is correct on the device.
This feature requires that LTM be permitted to change system settings. The only system setting
manipulated is the screen brightness setting. This advanced permission must be selected in the
Application Information screen. If the permission is not checked when LTM is installed, the
required setup screen is presented shortly after LTM runs for the first time. If screen brightness
managed is disabled, the permission is not required.
The sample configuration file located later in this document has the following settings included:
brightness-level1-time=1:00
brightness-level2-time=6:00
brightness-level1=15
brightness-level2=85
Using these settings, at 1:00 AM the device brightness is set to 15%, and at 6 AM the brightness
is set to 85%. From 1:00 AM to 5:59, the level 1 brightness is enforced. From 6:00 AM to 00:59
AM, the level 2 brightness is enforced. If the screen brightness is manually changed, the
configured values are restored within a minute.

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Power Options
Most eSynC products can be powered using a standard USB Power supply, such as the one
provided with the tablet or mobile phone. The typical power supply provided with a mobile
device is rated at 5 volts nominal output voltage with a 2-ampere capacity.
Any 5-volt regulated power supply is permitted, provided at least 5 volts is present at the input to
the eSynC. The preferred voltage is 5.1 to 5.25 volts. The input voltage must never exceed 5.25
volts. Exceeding the maximum input voltage violates LAVA’s Manufacturer Warranty.
The eSynC-PE and eSynC-P2UE support Power over Ethernet (PoE) and therefore can operate
using power provided over the network cable. Using PoE can resolve the problem of getting
power to a device when an AC outlet is not accessible. 
Using a PoE injector is a method of supplying power to an eSynC-PE or eSynC-P2UE-based
system, even when wired Ethernet is not required by the customer application.
The eSynC “vc” products are designed to operate from a 9 to 36 VDC unregulated power supply.
This power option is ideal in vehicle-based applications or any standalone unit running from a
storage battery. In a retail or business environment, this option permits the power brick to be
placed a considerable distance away from the eSynC when a wall outlet is not in a convenient
location.
Please see the “Connection Descriptions” section of this document for additional details on each
of the power options summarized here.

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Power-over-Ethernet Support
Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a standard for passing electrical power through a network cable
along with the data. The eSynC PoE-capable products always support an Ethernet adapter for
wired network communications.
The eSynC products with PoE resolve the problem of getting power to a mobile device and
peripherals. The PoE specification allows the powered device to be up to 328 feet (100 meters)
from the Network Switch or PoE Injector.
Deploying network cabling with PoE support can be significantly cheaper than installing
dedicated power lines through a facility.
The Ethernet RJ-45 provides the input power to the eSynC product. These eSynC products
require a suitable Ethernet Switch with PoE support. Deploying network cabling with PoE
support can be significantly cheaper than installing dedicated power lines through a facility.
The eSynC PoE provides 10.4 watts of power for the device, the eSynC, and attached USB
accessories. The 10.4-watt limit allows the unit to be treated as a PoE Class 0 device by a PoE
switch.
The eSynC PoE Power Supply is capable of supplying 13.5 watts. However, this requires the
Network Switch to supply more power to the Ethernet cable than is permitted for Class 0
devices. The eSynC does not prevent the attached devices from attempting to draw more than
10.4 watts. The accompanying device and USB accessories must be designed to work within the
design limits.
The system designer must budget for the charging requirements of the device and the power
required by USB accessories. The eSynC products do not provide diode protection between the
module and the peripheral ports.
The eSynC PoE products do not function if power is not available from the PoE-Ethernet
interface or the “Aux. Power Adapter” input. The eSynC products are not intended to draw
power from the tablet or mobile phone. The “Aux. Power Adapter” input can only be used if
power is not being provided over the Ethernet cable. The “Aux. Power Adapter” input is
intended only for initial testing of an eSynC module. The “Aux. Power Adapter” input is
described in a separate section of this document.
The PoE models include the eSynC-PE and eSynC-P2UE products.

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System Watchdog Handling
The Android system was designed to conserve battery power and memory resources of a mobile
device such as a tablet or mobile phone. The Android system limits how long a user-installed
application can run. Smartphones and tablets are consumer market devices, and running one for
an extended period of time is not the intended use case. The standard device behavior can result
in the LAVA Tablet Manager being shut down after a period of time. The LAVA product has
several safeguards to ensure LTM will continue to function.
The LTM application sends information to the eSynC on a regular basis. If the LAVA product
does not receive a message for seven minutes, the USB connection to the device is shut down for
30 seconds and then restored. Removing and restoring the USB connection forces Android to
wake up the LTM application. The 7-minute Recovery Timeout can be disabled, but this is not
recommended as it is an important feature used to ensure continuous operation of LTM.
Additional "watchdog" features include the Low-Level Detect (LLD), Low Voltage Detect
(LVD), and Stuck Level Detect (SLD) mechanisms. These features add an extra level of
protection for some rare conditions seen in a few device models.
The Low-Level Detect (LLD) monitors the device battery level. In some rare cases, the device
may refuse to start charging. This mechanism prevents the device from discharging. The
configuration commands use an "lld-” prefix. If the signal drops below the danger threshold
("lld-threshold" - "lld-offset") for three samples, then a recovery operation is started. The signal
must have been above or at the activation threshold ("lld-threshold") on a previous sample in
order to enable the detection feature. This feature is active as a default.
The Low Voltage Detect (LVD) monitors the device battery voltage. In some rare cases, the
device may refuse to start charging when using Battery Modulation. This mechanism prevents
the device from discharging. The configuration commands use an "lvd-” prefix. If the signal
drops below the danger threshold ("lvd-threshold" - "lvd-offset") for three samples, then a
recovery operation is started.
The Stuck Level Detect (SLD) feature monitors the device battery level. In some rare cases, the
device charge level gets stuck. After many hours the device recovers. This mechanism ensures
the recovery time is controlled. The configuration commands use an "sld-” prefix. If the battery
level does not change for 'x' minutes, then a recovery operation is started. This feature is disabled
as a default. This feature can be problematic if the mobile device screen timeouts are used.

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Samsung Knox Configure
LTM can be installed using Samsung's "Knox Configure" which is a cloud-based service
permitting IT administrators to configure Samsung Galaxy devices in bulk remotely.
The service pushes out customer provided applications and files to a mobile device through the
\Contents folder created in the Internal Storage folder. The "Knox Configure" service creates the
\Contents folder, which is not present on the device as a default. LTM searches for its
LTM_CFG.txt configuration update file in the \Download folder as well as the \Contents folder.
The first time LTM tries to access the Contents folder, a File Selection dialogue is presented to
the user to locate the file and grant LTM the ability to read the file. Subsequent updates do not
require the File Selection dialogue. This is a requirement of the Android operating system.
Note:
This only applies to LTM 3, which is legacy now. LTM v4.** and v5.** do not
use Samsung Knox.
Product Versions
Every eSynC product shares a core set of features. Each product integrates a different
combination of peripherals to provide the optimal configuration for a customer use-case.
There are two generations of products referred to in this document as the eSynC Mk1 and eSynC
Mk2. The eSynC Mk1 is the original series of products. The second generation products are
referred to as eSynC Mk2 and were introduced in early 2020.
Product generations can be identified by observing the two status LEDs upon power-up. The
MK1 products pulse the two status LEDs on for ½ second then off for ¾ second once upon
startup. The Mk2 products flash the status LEDs four times on startup, with each pulse being
approximately 1/3 of a second in duration.
If LTM is operating with the Configuration Console active, the Hardware Information option can
be used to verify which product is being used. The optional LAVA-Device-Info utility can also
be used to verify which product you are using. The utility reports “LAVASynC+” for the Mk1
products and “LAVASynC+ Mk2” for the Mk2 products.
The Mk1 products only support one battery modulation scheme, while the Mk2 products support
two battery modulation schemes to deal with variations in compatible mobile devices.
The Mk2 products contain additional support for recovery management. When the recovery
mechanism resets the USB peripherals, the power contract with the mobile device is also
renewed as an additional procedure to ensure seamless operation.
The “btty-protection-type” option in the LTM configuration file determines which battery
modulation scheme is to be used.
Note: The LAVA-Device-Info utility and is a useful addition for LTM 3 users. However, it is
redundant for users of LTM v4.** and v5.** as its features are now built into the app.

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Connection Descriptions
USB-C “Mobile Device” Data & Power Output
The “Mobile Device” receptacle is a standard USB-C receptacle, which is used for the
connection between the eSynC and a tablet or mobile phone. This connection provides a power
and data connection to the device.
When the eSynC is not powered, the device is not expected to provide power to the eSynC. This
behavior is deliberate to avoid the device accidentally being drained of power by the eSynC and
attached peripherals.
The cable should not exceed the 2 meter (6.6 foot) limit defined by the specifications. The cable
need not be electronically marked due to the current levels involved.
The USB-C cable must support both data and charging.
It does not matter which end of the cable is attached to the device or the eSynC product.
USB-C “Power Adapter” Input
The “Power Adapter” input is a USB-C receptacle on eSynC products without Power over
Ethernet or a built-in voltage converter. This input provides power for the eSynC product, the
device, and for attached USB accessories.
The eSynC product does not function if power has not been applied to the Power Adapter input.
The eSynC products are not intended to draw power from the mobile device.
A standard USB 5V DC Power Supply is attached to the Power Adapter input. A standard USB
power supply is rated at 5 volts nominal, with a 5.25 volts maximum. The typical current rating
is 2 amperes for a device with at least a 10-inch screen. A typical USB Power supply is rated at
10 watts (2 amperes at 5 volts DC).
The USB Power Supply provided with most Samsung devices is rated at 5.3 volts and 2 amperes.
When using the charge cable provided by Samsung, the voltage delivered to the end of the cable
will typically be from 5.0 to 5.1 volts. Some power supplies compensation for wire losses.
The voltage at this input should not be much below 5 volts. The preferred level is 5.1 to 5.25
volts.
The Adaptive Fast Charger being shipped with many Samsung devices is fully compatible. These
adapters are rated at 5 volts 2 amperes and 9 volts 1.6 amperes. The eSynC products
automatically use the 5-volt option.

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The Power Adapter input on the eSynC products can be used with an external USB Power Bank
(aka. USB Battery Pack). This ability can be useful in some deployments. The USB Power Bank
must be physically removed for recharging.
The cable length between the power supply and the eSynC product must be as short as possible.
The cable experiences power loss proportional to the cable length and wire thickness. The
voltage present at the eSynC receptacle will be lower than the supply output due to cable power
loss. There is power loss in the cable which connects the eSynC to the device. If the voltage at
the device is too low, the device will not charge.
The USB specification defines the minimum voltage of 4.75 volts for USB accessories operating
at a full unit load. When connecting some accessories to the device via an eSynC product, the
cable quality and length must be selected to ensure that the voltage reaching each accessory is at
least 4.75 volts as a general rule. Many devices such as mice operate at a lower voltage than
4.75. A power budget must be carefully evaluated for the system if reliable operation is to be
ensured.
The models with the Power Adapter input include the eSynC-1U, eSynC-1U-OEM, eSynC-BM-
OEM, eSynC-3U, eSynC-E, and eSynC-2UE.
“Aux. Power Adapter” input
The “Aux. Power Adapter” input is a Micro USB-B receptacle on eSynC PoE products and a
USB-C receptacle on certain products with voltage converters.
This input is used for system testing when PoE power is not present. The eSynC product will be
fully functional, including the 10/100 Ethernet, when this power input is used.
This receptacle is only for providing power to the eSynC product.
This power input has the same specifications as the “Power Adapter” Input.
The PoE models include the eSynC-PE and eSynC-P2UE products. The adapters with built-in
voltage converters that offer an “Aux. Power Adapter” include the eSynC-vc1U and the eSynC-
vc3U.
Warning:
When supplying power using the “Aux. 5 Volt” input, you must not use
PoE-supplied power or the “9-36 VDC In” receptacle.

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Barrel Jack “9-36 VDC In”
The eSynC "vc" products require power to be supplied through a DC barrel jack with a 2-
millimeter positive center pin. This receptacle is labeled “9-36 VDC In.” The power cable and
power supply are supplied by the user.
Many use cases require up to a 24-watt power supply (12 volts at 2 amperes or 24 volts at 1
ampere). The permitted input range is 9 to 36 volts. Any unregulated power supply can be used.
This range of supported voltages permits the power supply to be placed up to 50 feet away from
the LAVA product when a suitable wire gauge is used.
The minimum power specification for a use case requires developing a power budget based on
the USB peripherals to be used and the mobile device. When no external USB peripherals are
used, or a few low power peripherals are used, the power supply requirements can drop down to
12 watts (12 volts at 1 ampere, or 24 volts at 0.5 amperes). The internal power converter within
the LAVA product is 80% efficient at full load, therefore 12 watts into the product results in 10
watts for system use.
A power supply with a higher power rating than the required minimum is always permitted, and
has the benefit of running cooler. As an example, if your system ideally required a 12-volt, 2-
ampere power supply, then a 12-volt, 2.5-ampere supply is acceptable.
The length and gauge of wire used to connect the power supply to the LAVA product results is a
loss of voltage and therefore power reaching the LAVA product. This additional loss must also
be factored into the power budget. A higher power supply voltage is always preferred to
minimize the power loss in the wire.
When connecting the eSynC to the supply, ensure the wiring is such that the center pin is
positive. If the polarity is reversed, the damage to the eSynC is immediate. Application of the
wrong input voltage violates LAVA's Manufacturer Warranty.
The attached power supply and wiring are responsible for providing short circuit protection.
USB-A receptacles
Several eSynC products support one or more USB 2.0 ports with a standard A-type receptacle.
Each receptacle allows a USB Accessory to be accessed by the tablet or mobile phone. Each
receptacle provides power to a USB Accessory up to a maximum of 500 mA, as per the USB
specification.

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Status LEDs
Each eSynC has 2 primary Status LEDs. The mounting location varies. The eSynC products in a
casing always have the 2 primary Status LEDs mounted as shown in the following diagram.
Figure 1: Typical eSynC Case
Units with Ethernet support also have two status LEDs mounted in the RJ45 receptacle, which
are described in the Ethernet RJ45 section. USB Hub units without Ethernet support have a
“USB connect” LED which indicates if a peripheral is connected to the adapter. The "Charge
Status" and "Device Link" LEDs are pulsed as a start-up test. The LEDs are pulsed once for an
Mk1 device, and 4 times for an Mk2 device.
STATUS LED STATES (for “extended” Mode enabled)
Name
Colour
State
Description
DEVICE
LINK
Green
Rapid blink
See the Charge Status LED description for “rapid blink”.
1-second blink
See the Charge Status LED description for “1-second blink”.
On solid
A mobile device has been attached and detected.
OFF
No mobile device attached.
CHARGE
STATUS
Yellow
Rapid blink
The LAVA unit is in the bootloader. When the J15 jumper is installed,
the unit remains in the bootloader after power up. All “extended”
features are suspended while the bootloader is active.
1-second blink on both LEDs, and both
LEDs are synchronized
The LAVA product is waiting for a mobile device to be attached.
1-second blink on both LEDs, and
when one LED is on the other is off
The LAVA product has detected a mobile device and is waiting for
LTM to communicate. If the LTM application was not installed, this
LED state does not end and the “extended” features are not
functioning.
Flashing every 1.5 seconds.
Once LTM is running and communicating, the “Device Link” is on
solid and the “Charge Status” LED pulses every 1.5 seconds.
When the mobile device is being charged, the LED is mostly on.
When the mobile device is being discharged, the LED is mostly off.
This behavior is used to diagnose the battery modulation feature and
confirm that LTM is operational.
OFF
The LAVA product has no power.
Note: The 2-pin internal jumper is left open to permit the “extended” features of the eSynC to function. The LTM application must be installed
on the mobile device. This is the manufacturing default for all eSynC products.
STATUS LED STATES (for “extended” Mode disabled)
Name
Colour
State
Description
DEVICE
LINK
Green
On solid
A mobile device has been attached and detected.
OFF
No mobile device attached.
CHARGE
STATUS
Yellow
1-second blink 
Power has been applied to the LAVA product.
Off
The LAVA product has no power.
Note: The 2-pin internal jumper is shorted to disable the “extended” features of the eSynC to function. The LTM application is not required in
this state. If the LTM application was present on the mobile device, it will not run and does not harm remaining on the device. In this state, the
unit operates with only the “standard” features of the core nSynC products.