Leica Geosystems GPS500 Configuration guide

Version 4.0
English
50403020
General Guide to RoadPlus
GPS System 500

2General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
Congratulations on your purchase of a new Leica System
GPS500.
System GPS500

3
General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
View of chapters
Introduction
Design Elements
Data Files and Formats
Terminology of Road Staking
Staking a Road Alignment
Glossary
Index
6
8
22
44
48
67
72
View of chapters

4General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
Contents
Contents
Introduction ................................................... 6
Activation of the Application .......................................... 6
Requirements .............................................................. 7
Design Elements ........................................... 8
The Horizontal Alignment .............................................. 9
The Vertical Alignment ................................................. 12
The Cross Section ...................................................... 15
The Cross Section Assignment .................................... 17
The Station Equation ................................................... 20
Data Files and Formats ............................... 22
The Horizontal Alignment File ...................................... 23
Example for a Horizontal Alignment File in Leica
GSI format ...................................................................... 23
Header of a Horizontal Alignment File in Leica
GSI format ...................................................................... 24
Data line for a principle point in a Horizontal
Alignment File in Leica GSI format ................................. 25
The Vertical Alignment File .......................................... 27
Example for a Vertical Alignment File in Leica
GSI format ...................................................................... 27
Header of a Vertical Alignment File in Leica
GSI format ...................................................................... 28
Data line for a principle point in a Vertical
Alignment File in Leica GSI format ................................. 29
The Cross Section (Template) File ............................... 31
Example for a Cross Section File in Leica GSI format .... 31
Header of a Cross Section File in Leica GSI format ....... 32
Data line for a vertex in a Cross Section File
in Leica GSI format ......................................................... 33
The Cross Section Assignment File ............................. 35
Example for a Cross Section Assignment File
in Leica GSI format ......................................................... 35
Header of a Cross Section Assignment File
in Leica GSI format ......................................................... 36
Data line in a Cross Section Assignment File
in Leica GSI format ......................................................... 37
The Station Equation File ............................................ 38
Example for a Station Equation File in Leica
GSI format ...................................................................... 38
Header of a Station Equation in Leica GSI format .......... 39
Data line in a Station Equation File in Leica
GSI format ...................................................................... 40
Creating RoadPlus project files .................................... 41
Copy the data files to the PCMCIA card ....................... 42
Transferring the data files directly from the PC
to the card ...................................................................... 42
Transferring the data files to the card using Sensor
Transfer in SKI-Pro ......................................................... 43

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General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
Terminology of Road Staking ..................... 44
The Cut ...................................................................... 45
The Fill ....................................................................... 46
The Technical Terms .................................................... 47
Staking a Road Alignment .......................... 48
The Coordinate System ............................................... 48
Receiver set-up ........................................................... 49
Setting the units .......................................................... 49
Starting the Application ................................................ 50
Configuring Road Stakeout Parameters ........................ 50
Selecting the Files ...................................................... 52
Staking even stations of the HorizontalAlignment ......... 53
Staking uneven stations of the Horizontal Alignment .....56
Staking a Cross Section .............................................. 59
Staking a Catch Point ................................................. 63
Glossary ....................................................... 67
Index ............................................................. 72
Contents

6General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
Introduction
Introduction
This manual is an introduction to the application program
RoadPlus for the Leica GPS Sytem 500. RoadPlus is a
complete road package application primarily intended for
staking out of roads. Furthermore, it is also applicable to
railways, canals, damns, pipelines or any other project that is
definable as curvilinear alignments with optional cross
sectional information.
The program supports
•the staking out of individual points using horizontal and
vertical alignments and cross sections.
•station equations.
•cross section assignment by station cross section
definition.
•cross section.
•interpolation superelevation.
•widening.
•staking out of catch points.
Activation of the Application
The application is activated by an access code which is
provided by Leica. If the application does not appear on your
menu or you are otherwise unable to access it, please
contact your Leica representative.

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General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
Requirements
You must be familiar with the principles and procedures that
are outlined in the manual “Getting Started with Real-Time
Surveys“ as well as the “Technical Reference Manual“.
If the material referenced is not thoroughly understood, it is
strongly adviced that you review them prior to proceeding with
this application program.
Within this manual, it is assumed that you are familiar with
the operation of the system.
Introduction

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Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
Design Elements
A road surface can be thought of three different types of
design elements:
•the horizontal alignment
•the vertical alignment
•the cross section

9Design Elements
General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
The Horizontal Alignment
Clothoïde
Circle
Tangent Spiral (TS)
Station, Easting, Northing, parameter A
Curve Spiral (CS)
Station, Easting, Northing, parameter A
Spiral Curve (SC)
Station, Easting, Northing, Radius
Spiral Tangent (ST)
Station, Easting, Northing
Beginning of Project (BOP)
Station, Easting, Northing
Stationing
End of Project (EOP)
Station, Easting, Northing
Tangent
Tangent
Clothoïde
The horizontal alignment defines the road axis of a project.
The constituting elements of a horizontal alignment are
• tangents (straight segments)
• circles
• clothoïdes (spiral in/out, curve in/out).
Each constituting element is defined by individual horizontal
design elements such as station, easting, northing, radius
and parameter A.

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Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
station
E1, N1
station
E2, N2
R=∞R1=∞
parameter A
station E1, N1
station E2, N2
R2= n
station E1, N1
station E2, N2
R2=∞
R1=n
parameter A
For the reason of completness, a short summary of the
design elements for horizontal alignment is included in this
chapter.
The Tangent - straight line between two points. It's end point
is identical with the beginning of a curve or spiral. The tangent
is perpendicular to the radius of the curve.
The Curve - circular curve with constant radius.
Sipral in - spiral transition from tangent to curve.
Sipral out - spiral transition from curve to tangent.
station E1, N1station E2, N2
R

11 Design Elements
General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
R1
R1>R2
parameter A
station E1, N1
station E2, N2
R2
station E1, N1
station E2, N2
R2
R1
R1<R2
parameter A
A2= R x L
Curve in - spiral transition from larger to smaller radius curve.
Curve out - spiral transition from smaller to larger radius
curve.
Curve in and out are used for combinations such as:
curve - curve in - curve out - curve
or
tangent - spiral in - curve in - curve
whereas spiral in/out always connect a tangent with a curve /
curve in / curve out.
Parameter A
R radius of the connecting circular curve
L length of the spiral in/out or curve in/out
Sign convention for curves and spirals:
centre of curvature to left of centre line: R resp. A < 0
centre of curvature to right of centre line: R resp. A > 0
Or in words: Looking in the direction of increasing station,
apply the "right hand positive rule".

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Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
The Vertical Alignment
Tangent
Tangent
Tangent
Circle
Parabola
Vertical Beginning of Project (VBOP) Station, Elevation
Vertical End of Project (VEOP) Station, Elevation
Vertical Point Tangent (VPT) Station, Elevation
Vertical Point Curve (VPC) Station, Elevation, R
Vertical Point Curve (VPC) Station, Elevation, parameter P
Vertical Point Tangent (VPT) Station, Elevation
The vertical alignment gives information about the pattern of
heights of the road axis as it is defined in the horizontal
alignment.
The constituting elements of a vertical alignment are
• tangents (straight segments)
• circles
• parabolas.
Each constituting element is defined by individual vertical
design elements such as station, easting, northing, radius
and parameter P.

13 Design Elements
General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
station Z1
station Z2
station Z1station Z2
parameter P
For the reason of completness, a short summary of the
design elements for vertical alignment follows.
The Tangent - straight line between two points. It's end point
is identical with the beginning of a curve or spiral. The tangent
is perpendicular to the radius of the curve.
The Curve - circular vertical curve with constant radius.
The Parabola - a parabolic vertical curve with constant rate of
grade change.
Sign convention for curves and parabolas:
centre of curvature below the alignment: R resp. P < 0
centre of curvature above the alignment: R resp. P > 0
station Z1station Z2
R

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Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
1. P = L / (Gout - Gin)
2. P = (S - S0)2/ 2(H - H0)
3. P = 1 / 2a
Parameter P - is the reciprocal of the rate of change of grade
in the vertical curve. Three formulas for the calculation of P
exist:
L length as horizontal distance from the beginning to the
end of the vertical curve
Gin grade of the vertical alignment at the beginning of the
vertical curve
Gout grade of the vertical alignment at the end of the curve
Gin and Gout in decimal units (not percent) negative for
decreasing elevation with increasing station.
S any station (chainage) on the parabola
S0station (chainage) of the high/low point of the parabola
H height at any station S of the parabola
H0height of the high / low point of the parabola
whereas a is a parameter in the general equation for a
parabola in mathematics Y = aX2+ bX + c.
Y elevation of vertical curve above datum
X horizontal distance from the beginning of the vertical
curve
a one half of the rate of change of grade in the vertical
curve
b Grade of the vertical alignment at the beginning of the
vertical curve
c elevation above datum at the beginning of the vertical
curve

15 Design Elements
General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
The Cross Section
- slope + slope
2.5%
1:1.5
Vertical
Alignment
Horizontal Alignment
- slope
+ slope
- ∆H
+ ∆H
+ ∆V
A cross section gives a profile view. It requires vertical
alignment or actual elevation on each station.
The constituting elements are straight elements. The points
are called vertices. You may optionally define slopes at the
vertices most left and most right.
Points are definined by:
•∆H and ∆V
•∆H and slope in percentage
•∆H and slope ratio
∆H horizontal distance from the centre line
∆V vertical distance from the centre line (vertical
alignment or actual elevation mandatory)
− ∆V

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Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
slope ratio = 1 : slope = ∆∆
∆∆
∆V : ∆∆
∆∆
∆H
positive for cut slopes
negative for fill slopes
The American style and road editor slope definition is
slope ratio = 1 : slope = ∆H : ∆V
Sign convention for cross sections:
Sign convention is based on horizontal and vertical
alignments.
left or below centre line: -
right or above centre line: +
Slope ratio definition:
++
++
+ ∆V : ∆H
∆H
cut slope
∆V
∆H
fill slope
∆V
−−
−−
− ∆V : ∆H

17 Design Elements
General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
The Cross Section Assignment
0+000
0+198.832
0+348.832
0+450.725
0+550.725
0+619.254
Cross sections are assigned to stations not to sections.
One cross section is valid until a new one is defined at a
station ahead.
Cross section definition can be at any station. The stations
need not necessarily correspond to stations where a design
element starts or ends.

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Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
For the reason of completness, widening and superelevation
as part of cross sections are mentioned here.
Widening - increase / decrease of road width with change in
number of lanes.
Widening influences the shape of the cross sections.
RoadPlus has the ability to interpolate cross sections
between beginng and end of the widening.
A
B
0+020.000
C
0+190.000
widening
0+123.000
Interpolation
0+000.000
Cross SectionView from above

19 Design Elements
General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
Superelevation - modification of the normal pavement cross
slope. Intended to increase comfort and safety at speed.
A
0+348.832
0+450.725
B
Interpolation
Interpolation
0+393.000
0+427.000
Cross Section
View from above

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Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en
The Station Equation
0+000
0+198.832
0+348.832
0+450.725
0+550.725
0+619.254
0+000
0+198.832
0+348.832
0+450.725 = 0+550.725
0+619.254
before after
Station Equations define adjustments for the stationing
values in the Horizontal Alignment File. These adjustments
may be necessary when the horizontal alignment has been
modified by inserting or removing a constituing element and
the stationings in the Horizontal Alignment File were not
recomputed. This can be the case when editing manually or
with a program which does no automatic recomputation.
Simply speaking, station equations define leaving a gap or
allow an overlap at certain stations.
The constituting elements in the equations are
•station back
•station ahead.