LG GCC-4242N User manual

Slim CD-RW/DVD-ROM Drive
SERVICE MANUAL
MODEL: GCC-4242N
P/NO : 3828HS1043B
May, 2004
Printed in Korea
MODEL : GCC-4242N
website http://biz.LGEservice.com
e-mail http://www.LGEservice.com/techsup.html

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................3
FEATURES............................................................................................................................................................3
SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................................................................................................4~6
DISASSEMBLY .....................................................................................................................................................7
1. CABINET .......................................................................................................................................................7
2. MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD.................................................................................................................................7
3. FRONT PANEL..............................................................................................................................................7
4. BASE PICK-UP..............................................................................................................................................7
EXPLODED VIEW .................................................................................................................................................8
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST...............................................................................................9~10
GLOSSARY.........................................................................................................................................................11
THE DIFFERENCES OF CD-R/CD-RW DISCS AND GENERAL CD-ROM.................................................12~18
1. Recording Layer...........................................................................................................................................12
2. Disc Specification.........................................................................................................................................12
3. Disc Materials...............................................................................................................................................13
4. Reading Process of Optical Disc..................................................................................................................14
5. Writing Process of CD-R Disc......................................................................................................................15
6. Writing Process of CD-RW Disc...................................................................................................................15
7. Organization of the PCA, PMA and Lead-in Area........................................................................................16
8. Function of PCA and PMA area...................................................................................................................17
9. OPC and ROPC...........................................................................................................................................17
10. Writing Process of DISC ............................................................................................................................18
DESCRIPTION OF DATA PROCESSING.....................................................................................................19~22
1. Data Processing Flow..................................................................................................................................19
2. Copy Protection and Regional Code Management Block............................................................................20
3. About Prevention the DVD-ROM from to be copy........................................................................................21
4. About the DVD-ROM Regional Code...........................................................................................................22
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE PICK-UP................................................................................................23~25
1. Inner Circuit of the PICK-UP........................................................................................................................23
2. Signal detection of the P/U...........................................................................................................................25
MAJOR IC INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AND PIN DESCRIPTION.........................................................26~41
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE......................................................................................................................42~62
BLOCK DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................................................63~71
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ......................................................................................................................................72~74
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DIAGRAM .......................................................................................................75~78
ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST....................................................................................................79
CAUTION - INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN AVOID EXPOSURE TO BEAM.

3
INTRODUCTION
FEATURES
1. General
1) 9.5mm Heigh Internal CD-RW/DVD-ROM Drive.
2) R&W Speed of CD-R/RW/ROM/DVD-ROM: 24x/24x(write)/24x/8x(read).
3) DVD-R(3.95GB 4.7GB), DVD-RW(4.7GB) disc read compatible.
4) DVD-RAM(2.6GB, 4.7GB) disc read compatible.
5) Enhanced IDE (ATAPI) bus interface.
6) Large buffer memory 2MB.
7) Buffer Under Run Preventive function.
8) Running OPC circuit
9) Drawer Type manual Load/Electrical Release.
10) Supports Power saving mode and Sleep mode.
11) Horizontal and Vertical direction installable.
2. Supported disc formats
1) Reads and writes data in each CD-ROM, CD-ROMXA, CD-I FMV, Video CD, and CD-EXTRA
2) Reads data in Photo CD (Single and Multi session).
3) Reads and writes standard CD-DA.
4) Reads and writes CD-R discs conforming to “Orange Book Part 2”.
5) Reads and writes CD-RW discs conforming to “Orange Book Parts 3”.
6) Reads data in DVD-ROM.
3. Supported write method
1) Disc at once, Session at once, Track at once, Packet Write, and Multi-session.
4. Performance
1) Average access time : CD-ROM 110ms
DVD-ROM 120ms
2) Record speed : CD-R 4xCLV, 10xCLV, 10~16xPCAV, 24x Max.CAV
CD-RW 4xCLV, 10xCLV, 10~16xPCAV, 24x Max. CAV
(Normal Speed CD-RW : 4xCLV
High Speed CD-RW : 4xCLV, 10xCLV
Ultra Speed CD-RW :10xCLV, 10~16xPCAV, 24x Max.CAV)
3) Read speed: CD-R/RW/ROM 24x/24x/24x Max.CAV
CD-DA(DAE) 20x Max. CAV
DVD-R/RW/ROM 4x/4x/8x Max.CAV
DVD+R/RW(4.7GB) 4x/4x Max.CAV
DVD-Video 8x Max.CAV
DVD-RAM(2.6G/4.7G) 2x ZCLV
4) Sustained Transfer rate : CD-ROM 3,600 kB/s (24x).Max.
DVD-ROM 11.08 Mbytes/s (8x)Max.
5) Burst Transfer rate: Ultra DMA Mode2, DMA MW Mode2, PIO Mode4
6) Support CD-TEXT read/write
5. Audio
1) Outputs 16 bit digital data over ATA interface.
2) Software Volume Control
3) Equipped with audio line output for audio CD playback.
This service manual provides a variety of service
information.
It contains the mechanical structure of the CD-RW
/DVD-ROM Drive and the electronic circuits in
schematic form. This CD-RW/DVD-ROM Drive was
manufactured and assembled under our strict quality
control standards and meets or exceeds industry
specifications and standards.
This CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive is an internal slim
drive unit designed for use with IBM PC, HP Vectra,
or compatible slim notebook computer. It can write
as much as 700 Mbytes of digital data into CD-R
disc, and can read as much as 700 Mbytes of digital
data stored in a CD-ROM, CD-R and CD-RW disc.
This CD-RW/DVD-ROM Drive can easily meet the
upcoming MPC level 3 specification, and its
Enhanced Intelligent Device Electronics (E-IDE) and
ATAPI interface allows Plug and play integration in
the majority of today’s PCs without the need of an
additional interface card.

4
SPECIFICATIONS
1. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
-CPU: IBM Compatible Pentium750MHZ (or faster)
-64MB Memory or greater
2. SUPPORTING OPERATING SYSTEM
3. GENERAL
1) Host Interface.........................................ATAPI compliant(X3T9.2/791D and SFF-8090 Rev 5.0 Rev 1.2)
SFF-8080 Rev 1.2, MMC-4 (MMC Spec for CD-R/RW)
2) Read Function
• Applicable Discs...................................DVD-ROM single Layer 4.7GB, dual Layer 8.5GB
DVD-R: 3.95/4.7 GB
DVD-RW: 4.7GB
DVD-RAM: 2.6/4.7GB
DVD+R: 4.7GB
DVD+RW:4.7GB
CD-ROM Mode-1
CD-ROM XA
CD-Audio
Mixed Mode CD-ROM(Audio and Data Combined)
Photo-CD (Single and Multi-Session)
CD-I, Video CD
CD-Plus/CD-Extra,CD-Text
CD-R disc(Conforming to “Orange Book Part2”)
CD-RW disc(Conforming to “Orange Book Part3”)
3) Write function
• Applied Format.....................................CD-ROM Mode-1
CD-ROM XA
CD-Audio
Mixed Mode (Audio and Data Combined)
CD-I, Video CD
CD-Plus/CD-Extra, CD-Text
*Applied Format depend on Authoring Tool
• Writing Method .....................................Disc at once(DAO)
Session at once(SAO)
Track at once(TAO)
Variable packet writing
Fixed packet writing
Multi-session
*Embedded Running OPC, Buffer Under-run Prevention
4) Cache memory ......................................2 MB
5) Disc diameter..........................................120 mm, 80mm
6) Data capacity
• User Data/Block....................................DVD-ROM(Book A, B) :
2,048 bytes/block
CD(Yellow Book) :
2,048 bytes/block (Mode 1 & Mode 2 Form 1)
2,336 bytes/block (Mode 2)
2,328 bytes/block (Mode 2 Form 2)
2,352 bytes/block (CD-DA)
7) RPC(Region Playback Control)..............Phase2, No Region
1) Read
• DOS 3.0 or Higher
• Windows 95 OSR 2.1
• Windows 98 Second Edition
• Windows Millennium Edition(Me)
• Windows NT
• Window 2000
• Windows XP
2) Write
• Window 98 Second Edition
• Windows Millennium Edition (Me)
• Window NT
• Window 2000
• Window XP
3) Recording tool
• Easy CD Creator
• Direct CD
• RecordNow
• DLA

5
4. DRIVE PERFORMANCE
1) Read/Write & Rotational Speed
<Read> DVD-ROM Single Layer 3.3x~8x(CAV): Approx. 4,710r/min
Dual Layer 3.3x~8x (CAV) : Approx. 5,180 r/min
DVD-Video 3.3x~8x (CAV): Approx. 5,180 r/min
DVD-R 3.95GB 1.7x~4x (CAV): Approx. 2,600 r/min
4.7GB 1.7x~4x (CAV) : Approx. 2,360 r/min
DVD-RW 4.7GB 1.7X~4X(CAV) : Approx. 2,360 r/min
DVD-RAM 2.6GB 2x (ZCLV): Approx. 2,120~4,710 r/min
4.7GB 2x (ZCLV): Approx. 1,400~3,230 r/min
DVD+R 4.7GB 1.7~4x(CAV): Approx. 2,360 r/min
DVD+RW 4.7GB 1.7~4x(CAV): Approx. 2,360 r/min
CD-ROM 10.3x~24x(CAV): Approx. 4,860~5,670 r/min
CD-R 10.3x~24x(CAV): Approx. 4,860~5,670 r/min
CD-RW 10.3x~24x(CAV): Approx. 4,860~5,670 r/min
CD-DA(DAE) 8.6x~20x(CAV): Approx. 3,900~4,400 r/min
CD-DA(Audio Out) 4.3x~10x(CAV): Approx. 2,020~2,360 r/min
CD-I/Video CD 4.3x~10x(CAV): Approx. 2,020~2,360 r/min
<Write> CD-R 4xCLV, 10xCLV, 10~16PCAV, 24xMAX. CAV
CD-RW Normal Disc 4xCLV
High speed Disc 4x, 10xCLV
Ultra speed Disc 10xCLV, 10~16xPCAV, 24xMAX, CAV
Rotational Speed (CD-R/RW) 4xCLV : Approx. 800~2,020 r/min
10xCLV : Approx. 2,000~5050 r/min
24xMAX.CAV : Approx. 4,860~5,200 r/min
2) Data Transfer Rate
*Sustained Transfer Rate
<Read> DVD-ROM Single Layer 11.08 Mbytes/s (8x) Max.
Dual Layer 11.08 Mbytes/s (8x) Max.
DVD-R 3.95GB 5.54 Mbytes/s (4x) Max.
4.7GB 5.54 Mbytes/s (4x) Max.
DVD-RW 4.7GB 5.54 Mbytes/s (4x) Max.
DVD-RAM 2.6GB 2.77 Mbytes/s (2x)
4.7GB 2.77 Mbytes/s (2x)
DVD+R 4.7GB 5.54 Mbytes/s (4x) Max.
DVD+RW 4.7GB 5.54 Mbytes/s (4x) Max.
CD-ROM 3,600 kB/s (24x) Max.
CD-R 3,600 kB/s (24x) Max.
CD-RW 3,600 kB/s (24x) Max.
<Write> CD-R/RW 4xCLV 600 kB/s (Mode-1)
10xCLV 1,500 kB/s (Mode-1)
24x Max.CLV 3,600 kB/s (Mode-1) Max.
* Burst Transfer Rate .......................................................33.3 Mbytes/s Max. (Ultra DMA Mode 2)
16.6 Mbytes/s Max. (DMA MW Mode 2)
16.6 Mbytes/s Max. (PIO Mode 4)
3) Access time
* Typical Value DVD-ROM Average : 120ms typical
DVD-RAM Average : 220ms typical
CD-ROM Average : 110ms typical
4) Buffer Memory Size...........................................................2MB

6
5. Quality and Reliability
1) MTBF.............................................................. 80,000 Power On Hours (POH)
Assumption : Use in a normal office environment
-POH per year 3,000
- ON/OFF cycles per year 480
-Operating duty cycle 10% of Power on time (Seek : 10% of operating time)
2) Tray Cycle Test............................................. 10,000 times tray open/close cycle test
3) Actuator Mechanism.................................... 1,000,000 full stroke seek
4) MTTR (Mean Time to Repair)......................... 0.5 h
5) Component Life............................................ 5 years or 2,000h of Laser radiating time or 10,000 POH
Assumption: Used in a normal office environment
6. Power Requirements
1) Source Voltage ............................................. +5V +/-5% Ripple Less than 100mVp-p
2) Current Stand-By (Sleep) : 30 mA typical
Continuous Read 700 mA typical (CD 24x Max. CAV)
650 mA typical (DVD 8x Max. CAV)
Continuous Write 800 mA typical (CD-R 24x Write)
Seek 1.0A typical, 1.5A Max. (24x Max. CAV)
Spin UP(Spindle motor start up) 1.0A typical, 1.8A Max. (24x Max. CAV)
Maximum Current 1.8A
7. CD-DA Audio Performance
Number of Channels 2
Frequency Response 20 to 20,000Hz +/- 3dB
Distortion Less than 0.1% (1kHz)
Output Levels (Line Out only) 0.70 Vrms (typical, at 10kohms resistive Load)

7
DISASSEMBLY
1. CABINET
A. Release 3 screws (A).
B. Lift up the Cabinet in the direction of arrow (1).
(See Fig.1)
2. MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD
A. Insert and press a rod in the Emergency Eject Hole and
then the CD Tray will open in the direction of arrow (2).
B. Release 4 screws (B).
C. Remove the Main Circuit Board.
3. FRONT PANEL
A. Remove the Front Panel.(The Front Panel is a snap on
type.)
B. At this time, be careful not to damage the 3 hooks (a) of
the it. (See fig.3)
C. Release 4 screws (C) and remove the Cover Bottom (3).
4. BASE PICK-UP
A. Remove the FPC Cable. At this time, the FPC connector
must be pulled in the direction of Front carefully.
B. Remove the Base Pick-up (4).
(1)
(A)
(A)
(A)
(B) (B) (B)
(B)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(C)
(C)
(C)
(C)
CABINET
2 HOOKS
HOOKS (a)
FRONT PANEL
COVER BOTTOM
BASE PICK-UP
FPC CONNECTOR
MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD
EMERGENCY EJECT HOLE
Fig.1
Fig.3
Fig.2 Fig.4

8
PBM00(MAIN C.B.A)˚
ABCD
1
2
3
4
5
436
436
436
001
012
009
462 463
011
013
014
462
462
462 462
436
436
437
437
016
005
015
450
004
003
A02
A01
A00
436
EXPLODED VIEW

ATIP Absolute Time in Pre-groove. With an additional modulation of the “Wobble”, the “Groove”contains a time
code information.
Wobble The pre-groove in the Disc is not a perfect spiral but is wobbled.
With : –A typical amplitude of 30 nm
–A spatial peried of 54~64 µm
CW Continuous Wave. The laser light output is at a constant level.
DOW Direct Over-Write. The action in which new information is recored over previously recorded information in
CD-RW disc.
Overwrite The action in which new information is recorded over previously recorded information.
(Pre-)Groove The guidance track in which clocking and time code information is stored by means of an FM
modulated wobble.
Land Land is characterized in the following way:
When radial signals are concerned,land is defined as the area between the grooves.
When HF signal are concerned,land is defined as the area between the marks(pits) in tangential
direction.
Hybrid Disc A Multisession disc of which the first Session is mastered. On a hybrid disc, recorded and
mastered information may co-exist.
Mastered Information,stored as pits on the disc during the manufacturing process of the disc.
Information (when making the master)
OPC Optimum Power Control. Procedure is determined optimum recording power according to CD-
R/RW Media in recording start step.
ROPC Running OPC. The purpose is to continuously adjust the writing power to the optimum power
that is required.
When the optimum power may change because of changed conditions of disc and change in
operating temperature.
Jitter The 16 value of the time variation between leading and trailing edges of a specific (I3 …I11) pit
or land as measured by Time Interval Analysis.
Deviation The difference between a fixed value of Pit length and Land length.
TOC Table Of Contents : in the Lead-in Area the subcode Q-channel contains information about the
Tracks on the disc.
Packet A method of writing data on a CD in small increments.
Writing Two kinds of packets can be written : Fixed-length and Variable-length.
Write The shape of the HF write signal used to modulate the power of the laser.
Strategy The Write Strategy must be used for recordings necessary for disc measurements.
Information Wobble, ATIP, Disc Identification, Write Power, Speed Range OPC Parameters, etc are
Area recorded in the Information area of CD-RW Disc
Finalization The action in which (partially) unrecorded or logically erased tracks are finished and the Lead-in
and/or Lead-out areas are recorded or overwritten with the appropriate TOC subcode.
Logical Erase
A method to remove information from a disc area by overwriting it with an EFM signal containing
mode 0 subcode
A logically erased area is equivalent to an unrecorded
Physical Erase The action in which previously recorded information is erased by overwriting with a CW laser
output.
After a Physical Erase action, the erased area on the CD-RW disc is in the unrecorded state
again.
Session
An area on the disc consisting of a Lead-in area, a Program area, a lead-out area.
Multi session A session that contains or can contain more than one session composed Lead-in and Lead-out
GLOSSARY
11

The differences of CD-R/CD-RW discs and General CD-ROM
1.Recording Layer
Recordable CD has a wobbled pre-groove on the surface of disc for laser beam to follow track.
2.Disc Specification
Read-only Disc
CD-R and CD-RW Disc
3~11T
1.6um
0.4~0.5 um
(Pit)Groove
Land
Track pitch(p)
Radial Direction
Iw
A
O
a
a
Groove
Land
Radial Error Signal
The Groove wobble
Average center
Actual center
CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW
Standard Yellow Book Orange Book II Orange Book III
Record Not available Write once Re-writable
I 11/Itop > 0.6 > 0.6 0.55 > M11> 0.70
(HF Modulation)
Write Laser Power(mW) 10-30 mW 6-25 mW
Read Laser Power(mW) < 0.5 mW < 0.7 mW < 1.0 mW
Jitter < 35 nsec < 35 nsec < 35 nsec
Reflectivity (Rtop) 70 % 65 % 15 % ~ 25 %
12
CD-ROM (READ-ONLY DISC) a=30nm

13
3.Disc Materials
1) CD-ROM disc
Laser Beam Groove
Substrate
(Polycarbonate)
Organic Dye Layer
Reflective Layer
Protective Layer
Label Printing
2) CD-R disc
Pigment Reflective Layer Color
Phtalocyanine Gold/Silver Yellow/White
Cyanine Gold/Silver Dark Green/Bright Green
Azo Gold/Silver Dark Blue
•It is composed of Silver _ colored aluminum plate and Reflective layer.
•Groove (Pit) of aluminum plate make a track.
•Laser wavelength : 780 nm, Laser Power (Read): 0.5mW
•Signal is detected by the
difference of reflective beam
intensity between “pit”and
“Land”on the disc.
•It is so-called WORM (Write Once Read Many) CD.
•It is composed of polycarbonate layer, Organic dye layer, Reflective layer, and Protective
layer.Gold/Silver Reflective layer is used to enhance the reflectivity
•According to the kinds of Organic dye layer, it is divided by Green CD, Gold CD, Blue CD.
•Laser Wavelength : 780 nm, Laser Power (read) : 0.7 mW
•Recording Power : 4x(10~15mW), 8x(14~20mW), 12x(15~30mW), 16x(25~35mW).
•When some part of dye layer is exposed to laser heat, it’s color changs black.Therefore, writing and
reading is enabled by the difference of reflectivity between changed part and unchanged part.
•Polycarbonate layer has Pre_Groove which make a Track.
Laser Beam Pit
Substrate
(Polycarbonate)
Reflective Layer
Protective Layer
Label Printing

14
3) CD-RW Disc
4. Reading process of Optical Disc
Laser Beam Groove
Substrate
(Polycarbonate)
Reflective Layer
Dielectric Layer(TL)
Dielectric Layer(UL)
Protective Layer
Label Printing
•It is composed of polycarbonate layer, alloy(silver, arsenic) layer, aluminum reflectivity layer, protective layer.
•An crystalized alloy layer is transformed into noncrystalized by the laser heat. Therefore, writing and reading
is enabled by the difference of reflectivity.
•It is possible to overwrite about 1000 times.
•Laser Wavelength : 780 nm, Laser Power (Read) : 1.0mW
•Recording Power : Erase (4~18mW), Write (6~45mW)
•When disc rewriting, new data is overwritten previously recorded data.
•Polycarbonate layer has a Pre-Groove which make a track.
Lens HD
Beam
Spot
Focusing
Lens
Laser Spot
at Constant
Read Intensity
Reflected
Light
Signal
Laser Spot
Position
(Time)
Previously Recorded Marks
Groove Land Mirror
I3Itop
I11 IGILI0
N umerical aperture:NA=nsin θ ,
n: Refractive index
Focus depth : H=
λ /NA
laser spot diameter : D=
λ /NA2
θ

15
5.Writing Process of CD-R Disc
a b c d e f g
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Incident
Laser
Power (Read) (Read)
(Write)
Laser Spot
Position
(Time)
a b c d e f g Laser Spot
Position
(Time)
Laser
Spot
Recorded
Mark
Reflected
Light
Signal
Reflected
Light
Signal
Below "ORP"–Mark Too Short
At Optimum Record Power ("ORP")
Above "ORP" –Mark Too Long
Time
6.Writing process of CD-RW Disc
Write Power
Erase Power
Read Power
Groove
Crystal Amorphous
Amorphous
Recorded state
(lower reflectivity)
Melting/
quenching
Heating/
gradual cooling
Crystal phase
Erased state
(higher reflectivity)

7.Organization of the PCA, PMA and Lead-in Area
1) Layout of CD-ROM disc
16
Center hole Clamping and Label Area Information Area
Lead-in Area
Lead-in Area
Diameter 15 mm
Diameter 46 mm
Diameter 120 mm
Program Area
Read Only Disc
Lead-out Area
Program Area Lead-out Area
Center hole Clamping and Label Area Information Area
PCA PMA
Test Area Count Area
Diameter 15 mm
Diameter 45 mm
Diameter 120 mm
Unrecorded Disc
Tsl-00:35:65 Tsl-00:15:05 Tsl-00:13:25 Tsl 99:59:74
00:00:00
in out
Test Area :for performing OPC procedures.
Count Area : to find the usable area immediately in T.A
Tsl : start time of the Lead-in Area, as encoded in ATIP
PMA : Program Memory Area
Disc Center
Disc Center
2) Layout of CD-R/RW disc

17
8. Function of PCA and PMA area
1) PCA (Power Calibration Area)
•PCA area is used to determine the correct Laser Power for a disc.
–Method 1 : PCA area is divided by a track.
–Method 2 : The previous Calibration value is referred.
–Method 3 : ROPC is used to determine Laser Power value automatically in data writing.
•CD-R Disc can write maximum 99 Tracks but CD-RW Disc can write unlimited tracks because it has a rewritable
function.
2) PMA (Program Memory Area)
•It has a track information (track No, track Start/End time) of every track before writing completed.
–PMA area has the last written point and the next writable point of a disc.
–In case of CD to CD copy, some writer may not write PMA area.
* When Disc is Finalized,
PMA information is transferred to the Lead_In area so that general Driver can read it.
* Because PCA and PMA area exist before Lead-In area, General CD Player or CD-ROM Drive can’t read
these areas.
9. OPC and ROPC
1) OPC (Optimum Power Control)
•This is the first step of writing process, because CD writer has its own laser power value and media have different
writing characteristics,
–This is determined by the Writing characteristic, speed, temperature, and humidity.
–Laser wavelength is determined by the environmental temperature (775~795nm) and Optical Laser Power is
determined by the test and retry.
•Asymmetry and optimum writing Power
–EFM signal Asymmetry is determined by the writing power.
Therefore, Optical Power which has the same value to the preset power value can be estimated by measuring
HF signal Asymmetry on the PCA area.
•Measurement of Asymmetry
* Parameter setting (Beta) : Using AC coupled HF signal before equalization
Beta = (A1+A2)/(A1-A2)
Time P << Po Time P = Po
HF Signal
A1
0
A2
Time P >> Po

2) ROPC (Running Optimum Power Control)
•Variable primary factor of Optimum Power
–Change of Power sensitivity on the Disc. (limited to 0.05 *Po)
–Wavelength shift of the laser diode due to the operating temperature change.
–Change of the Spot aberration due to the Disc skew,
Substrate thickness, Defocus.
–Change of Disc or Optics conditions due to the long term OPC
==> It is necessary to adjust continuously to obtain the Optimum Power.
•Principle of Running OPC
–To meet the factors mentioned above,
a horizontal _ direction movement of a curve is uesd.
–Beta = f(B-level) = constant on the Recorded Disc
–Procedure of ROPC
a. Reference B-level is determined during OPC Procedure.
b. During Recording, B-level value is controlled to have a close
Reference B-level value.
c. Normalization of B-level is used to eliminate the effect of reflectivity fluctuation.
==> The reflected B-level value is normalized by the disc reflectivity itself.
18
CD-R/RW Media
Write Strategy
Determination
PCA Test Area
Program Area
PMA Area
Lead-In Area
Lead-out Area
OPC
PCA Count Area
ROPC
* Recording Capacity of CD-R/RW (74Minute Recording media)
•(2048 Byte/Sector) X (75 Sector/Second) X (60 Second/Minute) X 74 Minute
= 681,984,000 Bytes = 682 Mbytes
•But the actual recording capacity is about 650 Mbytes. (according to the ISO 9660 standard, approximately
30 Mbytes are used to make directory structure and volume names.)
Incident recording pulse
Reflected recording pulse
Sampled timing B
11T
Sample B-level (Write Power)
Level B
Sampled at timing B
Pwo decided by OPC
Recording Power
Level Bwith Pwo
normalized to recording power
Sample Disc Reflectivity
(Read power)
10. Writing Process of DISC

19
DESCRIPTION OF DATA PROCESSING
1.Data Processing Flow
Command
Data Status
RF EQ & AGC SERVO
DSP Decoder & CSS
RF data slice EFM demodulator
CiRC error correction Audio DAC C3 decoder Buffer/Memory controller CSS controller Atapi interface control
Data PLL
Servo ADC Focus/tracking
control output
Sled control output
CAV Spindle control
P-up
Unit
IC101
(AN22107A)
RF AMP CD
DVD
IC201
(MN103S63G)
TE/CSO GEN
FE GEN
FLASH ROM
DRAM
IC602
IC601 DRAM

MN103S63G HOST DVD
PLAYER
(EMPEG2 B/D)
Scrambled MPEG Data
Change the "KEY"
KEY Management Control
2. Copy Protection and Regional Code Management Block
Block Diagram
Brief Process
1. Regional Code for DVD Disc
–DVD-ROM drive transfers the regional code of the control data to host by the command of host, the DVD
player of host reads the regional code, and plays title in the case of allowed regional code only.
2. Management of DVD Disc for the scrambled of data
(1) DVD-ROM and DVD player of host generate the “KEY 1”respectively, transfer to opposite part, the
“KEY 2”is received, recognizes the data transfer or not with this value, and generates the bus key
encoded the data.
(2) Encoded “Disc Key”and “Title Key”host is transfer with the bus Key.
(3) DVD player of host reads the key value, and uses the value to restore the scrambled data.
* Refer to the next page for the details.
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3. About Prevention the DVD-ROM from to be copy
A data is able to encode and record in the disc, if a copyright holder wants to prevent the disc from copying.
In case of a disc enhanced movie of 3 titles......
DISC KEY (2048 Bytes) is used to encode the whole contents in the disc and TITLE
KEY (5 Bytes) is used to encode the title respectively.
So, the data is encoded and stored in a disc through the unknown algorithms
with a disc key and title key. (At this time, the disc key and title key are stored
in a disc.)
…As above, the disc is able to copy when the disc key and title key are
opened.
Then, ROM-DRIVE encodes the disc key and title key and transfers to MPEG-
2 board.
If you want to play the disc prevented from the copy......
First of all, ROM-DRIVE and MPEG-2 decoder identify with each other through the procedure as
described below.
1. Drive and host gives and takes the ID of 2bit. This ID is AGID (Authentication Grant ID).
The various decoder boards are attached to the host, in these, AGID sets the MPEG-2 decoder and drive.
2. After the AGID is set, MPEG-2 decoder generates the challenge key (10 Byte) and transfers to drive. The
board and drive generate key 1 (5Byte) with the challenge key respectively. (Of course, the Algorithm
generating the key 1 is not known.)
3. Compare with the generated key 1, if it corresponds each other, the first step of authentication is
completed. This is a course to identify the MPEG-2 decoder with a drive.
4. The second step of authentication is a course to identify a drive with the MPEG-2 decoder.
The dirve generates a challenge key and transfers it to the MPEG-2 decoder. The dirve and MPEG-2
decoder generate the key 2 (5Byte) with the challenge key, compare with each other, and if it corresponds
and the secondary step of authentication is completed.
5. As above, the identification is completed.
6. The dirve and MPEG-2 decoder generate the Bus key with the key 1 and key 2 and own it.
7. Dirve encodes the disc key and title key with this Bus key and transfers to the MPEG-2 decoder.
8. The MPEG-2 decoder reads the encoded disc key and title key with the Bus key only.
9. MPEG-2 board lets data read from the drive to decode with the read disc key and title key and makes into
the video signal by decoding.
ROM-DRIVE
AGID HOST
MPEG-2
DECODER
Challenge key
encoded disc key, title key

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4.About the DVD-ROM Regional Code
DISC ROM - DRIVE MPEG-2 DECODER VGA CARD MONITOR
1
CAN
U.S.A
MIX
CUB
BHS
PRI. VIR
1
BMG
GRL
2
2ZAF
ISO
SWZ
FIN
POI
FST
LTU
BIR
UKR
TUR
FGY
JRN
TKM
AFG
PAK
CHN
MMR
MNG
RUS
KOR JPN
HKG
MAC TWN
PHL
6
3
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5
5
4
1
MDI
MNP
GUM
PLW
PNG
NZL
AUS
4
The disc has
the regional
code of 8 bit.
Example)
The disc
manufactured
in the U.S.A,
has the
number one.
Transfer to
MPEG-2
decoder
reading the
regional code.
If the board is setting to the regional
code 1 for the U.S.A. ...
Check the received regional code to
number 1, all or not, transfer the
data to VGA card in accordance with
only a case among the three case.
Regional code
Receiving
data from the
MPEG-2
decoder and
output
through the
monitor