Libelium Waspmote Quick start guide

Waspmote
Technical Guide

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Document version: v8.2 - 02/2019
© Libelium Comunicaciones Distribuidas S.L.
Index
INDEX
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6
2. Waspmote Kit ........................................................................................................................7
2.1. General and safety information...................................................................................................... 7
2.2. Conditions of use .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.3. Assembly.......................................................................................................................................... 10
3.2. General view .................................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.1. Specications .......................................................................................................................16
3.2.2. Parts included......................................................................................................................19
3.2.3. Identication........................................................................................................................20
3.3. Sensor probes ................................................................................................................................. 22
3.4. Solar powered ................................................................................................................................. 23
3.5. External Battery Module ................................................................................................................ 24
3.6. Programming the Nodes................................................................................................................ 25
3.7. Program in minutes........................................................................................................................ 26
3.8. Radio interfaces............................................................................................................................... 27
3.9. Industrial Protocols......................................................................................................................... 28
3.10. GPS ................................................................................................................................................. 30
3.11. Models............................................................................................................................................ 31
3.11.1. Smart Environment PRO ..................................................................................................32
3.11.2. Smart Security ...................................................................................................................34
3.11.3. Smart Water.......................................................................................................................36
3.11.4. Smart Water Xtreme .........................................................................................................38
3.11.5. Smart Water Ions ..............................................................................................................40
3.11.6. Smart Parking ....................................................................................................................43
3.11.7. Smart Agriculture ..............................................................................................................44
3.11.8. Smart Agriculture Xtreme ................................................................................................47
3.11.9. Ambient Control................................................................................................................50
3.11.10. Smart Cities PRO .............................................................................................................52
3.11.11. Radiation Control ............................................................................................................54
3.11.12. 4-20 mA Current Loop....................................................................................................55
4. Hardware .............................................................................................................................56
4.1. Modular architecture...................................................................................................................... 56
4.2. Specications................................................................................................................................... 56
4.3. Block diagram.................................................................................................................................. 57
4.4. Electrical data .................................................................................................................................. 58
4.5. I/O .................................................................................................................................................... 59
4.5.1. Analog pins...........................................................................................................................60

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Index
4.5.2. Digital pins............................................................................................................................60
4.5.3. PWM......................................................................................................................................60
4.5.4. UART .....................................................................................................................................61
4.5.5. I2C .........................................................................................................................................61
4.5.6. SPI..........................................................................................................................................61
4.5.7. USB........................................................................................................................................61
4.6. Real Time Clock - RTC ..................................................................................................................... 61
4.7. LEDs .................................................................................................................................................. 63
5. Architecture and system....................................................................................................64
5.1. Concepts .......................................................................................................................................... 64
5.2. Timers............................................................................................................................................... 65
5.2.1. Watchdog .............................................................................................................................65
5.2.2. RTC Watchdog for reseting Waspmote.............................................................................65
5.2.3. RTC ........................................................................................................................................66
6. Interruptions .......................................................................................................................67
7. Energy system ..................................................................................................................... 68
7.1. Concepts .......................................................................................................................................... 68
7.2. Sleep mode ...................................................................................................................................... 69
7.3. Deep Sleep mode............................................................................................................................ 70
7.4. Hibernate mode .............................................................................................................................. 70
8. Sensors .................................................................................................................................72
8.1. Accelerometer ................................................................................................................................. 72
8.2. Integration of new sensors............................................................................................................ 75
8.3. Sensor Boards ................................................................................................................................. 76
8.4. Power................................................................................................................................................ 82
9. 802.15.4/ZigBee/RF modules.............................................................................................. 83
9.1. XBee-PRO 802.15.4 ......................................................................................................................... 84
9.2. XBee-PRO ZigBee ............................................................................................................................ 86
9.3. XBee 868LP ...................................................................................................................................... 87
9.4. XBee-PRO 900HP............................................................................................................................. 89
9.5. XBee-PRO DigiMesh........................................................................................................................ 90
10. LoRaWAN modules ...........................................................................................................91
11. LoRa module...................................................................................................................... 93

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12. Sigfox modules .................................................................................................................. 94
13. WiFi PRO module...............................................................................................................96
14. Bluetooth Pro module ......................................................................................................97
15. Bluetooth Low Energy module ........................................................................................ 99
16. GPRS module ...................................................................................................................101
17. 3G module........................................................................................................................102
18. 4G module........................................................................................................................103
19. NB-IoT / Cat-M module ...................................................................................................105
20. RFID/NFC module............................................................................................................108
21. Industrial Protocols ........................................................................................................ 110
21.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 110
21.2. RS-485/Modbus module ............................................................................................................ 112
21.3. CAN Bus module ......................................................................................................................... 113
21.4. Modbus ........................................................................................................................................ 114
22. Expansion Radio Board...................................................................................................115
23. Over the Air Programming (OTA) ..................................................................................116
23.1. Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 116
23.2. OTA with 4G/GPRS/WiFi modules via FTP................................................................................ 116
24. Encryption libraries ........................................................................................................118
25. GPS.................................................................................................................................... 119
26. SD memory card.............................................................................................................. 121
27. Energy Consumption ......................................................................................................122
27.1. Consumption tables ................................................................................................................... 122
28. Power supplies ................................................................................................................124
28.1. Battery.......................................................................................................................................... 124
28.2. Solar panel................................................................................................................................... 126
28.3. USB ............................................................................................................................................... 128
29. Working environment .................................................................................................... 130
Index

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30. Interacting with Waspmote...........................................................................................131
30.1. Receiving XBee frames with Waspmote Gateway................................................................... 131
30.1.1. Waspmote Gateway....................................................................................................... 131
30.1.2. Linux receiver ................................................................................................................. 132
30.1.3. Windows receiver........................................................................................................... 136
30.1.4. Mac-OS receiver ............................................................................................................. 138
31. Meshlium - The IoT Gateway .........................................................................................139
31.1. Meshlium Storage Options........................................................................................................ 139
31.2. Meshlium connection options................................................................................................... 140
31.3. Meshlium Visualizer.................................................................................................................... 141
31.4. Cloud Connectors ....................................................................................................................... 142
32. Certications...................................................................................................................143
33. Maintenance....................................................................................................................144
34. Disposal and recycling....................................................................................................145
35. Documentation changelog ............................................................................................ 146
Index

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Introduction
1. Introduction
This guide explains the features related to our product line Waspmote v15, released on October 2016.
If you are using previous versions of our products, please use the corresponding guides, available on our
Development website.
You can get more information about the generation change on the document “New generation of Libelium product
lines”.

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2. Waspmote Kit
Important:
•All documents and any examples they contain are provided as-is and are subject to change without notice.
Except to the extent prohibited by law, Libelium makes no express or implied representation or warranty of
any kind with regard to the documents, and specically disclaims the implied warranties and conditions of
merchantability and tness for a particular purpose.
•The information on Libelium’s websites has been included in good faith for general informational purposes
only. It should not be relied upon for any specic purpose and no representation or warranty is given as to
its accuracy or completeness.
2.1. General and safety information
•In this section, the term “Waspmote” encompasses both the Waspmote device itself and its modules and
sensor boards.
•Please read carefully through the document “General Conditions of Libelium Sale and Use”.
•Do not let the electronic parts come into contact with any steel elements, to avoid injuries and burns.
•NEVER submerge the device in any liquid.
•Keep the device in a dry place and away from any liquids that might spill.
•Waspmote contains electronic components that are highly sensitive and can be accessed from outside;
handle the device with great care and avoid hitting or scratching any of the surfaces.
•Check the product specications section for the maximum allowed power voltage and amperage range and
always use current transformers and batteries that work within that range. Libelium will not be responsible
for any malfunctions caused by using the device with any batteries, power supplies or chargers other than
those supplied by Libelium.
•Keep the device within the range of temperatures stated in the specications section.
•Do not connect or power the device with damaged cables or batteries.
•Place the device in a location that can only be accessed by maintenance operatives (restricted area).
•In any case, keep children away from the device at all times.
•If there is an electrical failure, disconnect the main switch immediately and disconnect the battery or any
other power supply that is being used.
•If using a car lighter as a power supply, be sure to respect the voltage and current levels specied in the
“Power Supplies” section.
•When using a battery as the power supply, whether in combination with a solar panel or not, be sure to use
the voltage and current levels specied in the “Power supplies” section.
•If a software or hardware failure occurs, consult the Libelium Web Development section
•Check that the frequencies and power levels of the radio communication modules and the integrated ante-
nnas are appropriate for the location in which you intend to use the device.
•The Waspmote device should be mounted in a protective enclosure, to protect it from environmental condi-
tions such as light, dust, humidity or sudden changes in temperature. The board should not be denitively
installed “as is”, because the electronic components would be left exposed to the open-air and could beco-
me damaged. For a ready-to-install product, we advise our Plug & Sense! line.
DO NOT TRY TO RECHARGE THE NON-RECHARGEABLE BATTERY, IT MAY EXPLODE AND CAUSE INJURIES
AND DESTROY THE EQUIPMENT. USE NON-RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES ONLY WITH DEVICES PROPERLY
PREPARED. PLEASE DOUBLE CHECK THIS CONDITION BEFORE CONNECTING THE USB OR THE SOLAR
PANEL.
The document “General Conditions of Libelium Sale and Use” can be found at:
http://www.libelium.com/development/waspmote/technical_service

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2.2. Conditions of use
General:
•Read the “General and Safety Information” section carefully and keep the manual for future reference.
•Read carefully the “General Conditions of Sale and Use of Libelium”. This document can be found at:
http://www.libelium.com/development/waspmote/technical_service. As specied in the Warranty docu-
ment, the client has 7 days from the day the order is received to detect any failure and report that to Libe-
lium. Any other failure reported after these 7 days may not be considered under warranty.
•Use Waspmote in accordance with the electrical specications and in the environments described in the
“Electrical Data” section of this manual.
•Waspmote and its components and modules are supplied as electronic boards to be integrated within a -
nal product. This product must have an enclosure to protect it from dust, humidity and other environmental
interactions. If the product is to be used outside, the enclosure must have an IP-65 rating, at the minimum.
For a ready-to-install product, we advise our Plug & Sense! line.
•Do not place Waspmote in contact with metallic surfaces; they could cause short-circuits which will perma-
nently damage it.
Specic:
•Buttons and switches: Handle with care, do not force activation or use tools (pliers, screwdrivers, etc) to
handle it.
•Battery: Only use the original lithium battery provided with Waspmote. Connect with extreme care.
•Mini-USB connection: Only use mini-USB, mod. B, compatible cables.
•Solar panel connection: Only use the solar panels specied in the “Power supplies” section and always res-
pect polarity.
•Lithium battery connection: Only use the connector specied in the “Battery” section and always respect
polarity.
•Micro SD card connection: There are many SD card models; any of them has defective blocks, which are
ignored when using the Waspmote’s SD library. However, when using OTA, those SD blocks cannot be avoi-
ded, so that the execution could crash. Libelium implements a special process to ensure the SD cards we
provide will work ne with OTA. The only SD cards that Libelium can assure that work correctly with Wasp-
mote are the SD cards we distribute ocially.
•Micro SD card: Make sure Waspmote is switched o before inserting or removing the SD card. Otherwise,
the SD card could be damaged.
•Micro SD card: Waspmote must not be switched o or reseted while there are ongoing read or write opera-
tions in the SD card. Otherwise, the SD card could be damaged and data could be lost.
•XBee module connection: Waspmote allows the connection of any module from the XBee family, respect
polarity when connecting (see print).
•Other modules connection: Only use the original modules created by Libelium.
•Antenna connections: Each of the antennas that can be connected to Waspmote (or to its boards) must be
connected using the correct type of antenna and connector in each case, or using the correct adapters.
•USB voltage adapters: To power and charge the Waspmote battery, use only the original accessories distri-
buted by Libelium.

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Usage and storage recommendations for the batteries:
The rechargeable, ion-lithium batteries, like the ones provided by Libelium (capacity of 6600 mA·h), have certain
characteristics which must be taken into account:
•Charge the batteries for 24 hours before a deployment. The aim is to have the charge of the batteries at
100% of their capacity before a long period in which they must supply current, but it is not necessary to
improve the performance.
•It is not advised to let the charge of the batteries go below 20% of capacity, since they suer stress. Thus, it
is not advised to wait for the battery to be at 0% to charge it.
•Any battery self-discharges: connected to Waspmote or not, the battery loses charges by itself.
•Maximum capacity loss: as the charge and discharge cycles happen, the maximum charge capacity is redu-
ced.
•Batteries work better in cool environments: their performance is better at 10 ºC than at 30 ºC.
•At temperatures below 0 ºC, batteries can supply current (discharge), but the charge process cannot be
done. In particular:
-discharge range = [-20, 60] ºC
-charge range = [0, 45] ºC
Only use the non-rechargeable batteries with the Waspmote units specically prepared for them (identied with a
pink sticker on them). The reason is, a regular Waspmote will try to inject current in the non-rechargeable battery
if the USB or the solar panel is connected. This is dangerous for the good working of a non-rechargeable battery.
It could be damaged or even damage Waspmote.
Plug & Sense! line:
Libelium may provide the nodes with enclosures which are suitable to operate outdoors. The user, as nal installer,
must take great care when handling the product. We advise to read the Plug & Sense! Technical Guide to enlarge
the life of your devices.
Remember that inappropriate use or handling of Waspmote will immediately invalidate the warranty.
For further information, please visit http://www.libelium.com/development/waspmote

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2.3. Assembly
•Connect the antenna to the wireless module
•Place the wireless module in Waspmote
•Place the wireless module in Waspmote Gateway

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•Connect the antenna in the GPRS module
•Place the GPRS module in Waspmote
•Place the SD card in Waspmote

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•Connect the battery in Waspmote
•Connect the sensor board
•Switch it on

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•Waspmote battery disconnection
Use the pick supplied by Libelium in order to disconnect Waspmote battery.
Insert the pick on the slot of the battery connector and pull straight out.
Do not pull the battery cables.

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•Battery handling instructions
In order to prevent from cable breaking, avoid leaving battery freely suspended.
Use a nylon clamp in order to attach battery to Waspmote.

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3. Waspmote Plug & Sense!
The Waspmote Plug & Sense! line allows you to easily deploy Internet of Things networks in an easy and scalable
way, ensuring minimum maintenance costs. The platform consists of a robust waterproof enclosure with specic
external sockets to connect the sensors, the solar panel, the antenna and even the USB cable in order to reprogram
the node. It has been specially designed to be scalable, easy to deploy and maintain.
Note: For a complete reference guide download the “Waspmote Plug & Sense! Technical Guide” in the Development
section of the Libelium website.
3.1. Features
•Robust waterproof IP65 enclosure
•Add or change a sensor probe in seconds
•Solar powered external panel option
•Radios available: 802.15.4, 868 MHz, 900 MHz, WiFi, 4G, Sigfox and LoRaWAN
•Over the air programming (OTAP) of multiple nodes at once (via WiFi or 4G radios)
•Special holders and brackets ready for installation in street lights and building fronts
•Graphical and intuitive interface Programming Cloud Service
•Built-in, 3-axes accelerometer
•External, contactless reset with magnet
•Optional industrial protocols: RS-485, Modbus, CAN Bus
•Optional GPS receiver
•Optional External Battery Module
•External SIM connector for the 4G models
•Fully certied: CE (Europe), FCC (USA), IC (Canada), ANATEL (Brazil), RCM (Australia), PTCRB (USA, cellular
connectivity), AT&T (USA, cellular connectivity)
Figure: Waspmote Plug & Sense!

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3.2. General view
This section shows main parts of Waspmote Plug & Sense! and a brief description of each one. In later sections
all parts will be described deeply.
3.2.1. Specications
•Material: polycarbonate
•Sealing: polyurethane
•Cover screws: stainless steel
•Ingress protection: IP65
•Impact resistance: IK08
•Rated insulation voltage AC: 690 V
•Rated insulation voltage DC: 1000 V
•Heavy metals-free: Yes
•Weatherproof: true - nach UL 746 C
•Ambient temperature (min.): -30 °C*
•Ambient temperature (max.): 70 °C*
•Approximated weight: 800 g
* Temporary extreme temperatures are supported. Regular recommended usage: -20, +60 ºC.
In the pictures included below it is shown a general view of Waspmote Plug & Sense! main parts. Some elements
are dedicated to node control, others are designated to sensor connection and other parts are just identication
elements. All of them will be described along this guide.
164 mm
124 mm
175 mm
410 mm
160 mm
122 mm
85 mm
Figure: Main view of Waspmote Plug & Sense!

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Figure: Control side of the enclosure
Control side of the enclosure for 4G model
Figure: Sensor side of the enclosure

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Figure: Antenna side of the enclosure
Figure: Front view of the enclosure
Figure: Back view of the enclosure

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Figure: Warranty stickers of the enclosure
Important note: Do not handle black stickers seals of the enclosure (Warranty stickers). Their integrity is the proof
that Waspmote Plug & Sense! has not been opened. If they have been handled, damaged or broken, the warranty is
automatically void.
3.2.2. Parts included
Next picture shows Waspmote Plug & Sense! and all of its elements. Some of them are optional accessories that
may not be included.
1
2
3
4
5
7
6
8
9
10
Figure: Waspmote Plug & Sense! accessories: 1 enclosure, 2 sensor probes, 3 external solar panel, 4 USB cable, 5 antenna, 6 cable ties,
7 mounting feet (screwed to the enclosure), 8 extension cord, 9 solar panel cable, 10 wall plugs & screws

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3.2.3. Identication
Each Waspmote model is identied by stickers. Next gure shows front sticker.
Model identication colour
Enclosure model
Figure: Front sticker of the enclosure
There are many congurations of Waspmote Plug & Sense! line, all of them identied by one unique sticker. Next
image shows all possibilities.
Figure: Different front stickers