Lightning Protection International GUARDIAN PLUS User manual

GUARDIAN PLUS Installation Manual
LIGHTNING PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD
Comprehensive Lightning, Surge Protection & Earthing Solutions www.lpi.com.au
Placement
method in
compliance with
IEEE STD. 998
(Substations)

Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd
ABN 11 099 190 897
PO Box 379 Kingston, Tasmania, Australia 7051
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.lpi.com.au
GUARDIAN PLUS
System Owner:
Date Installed:
Installation Contractor:
Supplied by:
Location of Installation:

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Guardian Plus Installation Manual
Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd

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Contents
Placement Methodology (Software) 3
Substation Placement Methodology 4
Air Terminal (Hardware) 5
Warranty and Disclaimer 6
Safety Guidelines for Installatiion 7
Checking Lightning Protection
Components Supplied 8
LPI Guardian Plus Installation 8
Recommended Installation Method 9
Installation of the Lightning Earth 13
Earth Enhancing Compounds 14
Bonding the Lightning Earth 15
Labelling 15
Installation of the HVSC Plus
Downconductor 15
Hauling the HVSC Plus
Downconductor 15
HVSC Plus Downconductor
Clearance Holes 16
Routing 17
Fixing the HVSC Plus Downconductor 19
Installation of Conventional
Downconductor 19
Equipotential Bonding 21
Installation of Guardian Plus GI
Terminal to Threaded Pipe 21
Termination of the HVSC Plus Lower End 23
Lower Termination of Conventional
Downconductor to the Lightning Earth 26
Upper Termination Instructions
UTERMKIT-MK3 (Heatshrink) for HVSC Plus 27
Termination of the HVSC Plus Upper End 27
Upper Termination Instructions for
UTERMKIT-MK3 (Heatshrink) 28
Termination of the HVSC Plus Lower End 32
Connection of Factory Pre-Terminated
HVSC Plus (Upper End) to Guardian Plus 32
Labelling 33
Masts 33
Guying 35
Preparation for Raising the Mast
into Position 36
Raising of the Mast 37
Lightning Strike Recorder (LSR1) 39
Certification 41
Operation and Maintenance 41
Testing the Guardian Plus Terminal 42
Testing the HVSC Plus Downconductor 42
Testing the Lightning Earth 43
Installation Notes 45

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Placement Methodology (Software)
The placement of the G+ air terminal range on structures and within facilities is achieved
via the Standards-compliant “leader inception theory” published in IEEE Std. 998 and other
international codes. In brief, the steps required to obtain capture areas and volumes according
to this method involve the computation of:
(a) Geometric factor R (induced voltage component due to the physical geometry of the
problem being solved);
(b) Leader inception proximity factor (which quantifies the “suppressing influence” of the
structure on which a protective air termination is installed);
(c) Space potential proximity factor (ratio of space potential at the air terminal tip position to
that which would have existed in the absence of the structure); and
(d) Critical ambient electric field required to initiate and sustain the continuous upward leader.
LPI’s in-house software (LITCALC) has been developed using a world-first three-stage approach
to identifying areas around the structure or facility where the strike probability exceeds a
minimum level and treating those areas appropriately. The computational stages implemented
are:
(a) Identification of likely strike points on a structure using the rolling sphere method per IEC
62305-3 for a range of stroke currents per lightning statistics as published in IEC 62305-1;
(b) Computation of the capture areas and volumes of those likely strike points on a structure
in accordance with the leader inception theory published in IEEE Std. 998; and
(c) Placement of air terminals on the structure at those locations and computations of the
capture areas and volumes of the air terminals in accordance with the leader inception
theory published in IEEE Std. 998.
(Refer to diagrams on Page 4.)

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Substation Placement Methodology
Case Study: 69 kV substation in IEEE Std. 998. Step 1: Simplify the equipment and buses.
Step 2: Perform strike probability analysis
(SPA) utilising a dynamic EGM and published
lightning stroke statistics.
Step 3: Position air terminals in optimum
locations based on the SPA and attractive
radius calculations in accordance with LIT.

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Air Terminal (Hardware)
The new Guardian Plus™ (G+) air terminal range has been developed after taking into account
the latest international research into the effect of space charge and air terminal geometry,
characteristics of long sparks, lightning characteristics and statistics, and the lightning
attachment process itself.
The design of the G+ air terminals was based on detailed modelling and calculations geared
towards achieving optimum corona performance in the quasi-static phase of a thunderstorm.
Some of the key technical factors considered in the optimised design included the:
∆Dome size (there are three sizes to cater for all practical installation scenarios);
∆Tip radius of curvature and tip protrusion (optimised to minimise corona discharge);
∆Materials (robust, long-lasting yet cost-effective options).
Furthermore, under the dynamic phase of lightning, i.e., during the descent of the downward
leader, the response of the air terminal to the rapidly-escalating electric field is achieved via
capacitive coupling to four independent panels on the air terminal, leading to a triggering spark
that changes the spatial electric field as part of the leader initiation process.
Final optimisation of the G+ corona performance and upward leader initiation under dynamic
electric fields was achieved via extensive testing at a state-of-the-art high-voltage test
laboratory, namely the National Engineering Laboratory for Ultra High Voltage Technology
(NELUHVT) located near Kunming in China. The NELUHVT is an outdoor facility and hence the
air terminals were not only tested under different electrical conditions but also a range of
environmental effects.

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WARRANTY
LPI’s Guardian Plus terminals (including all accessories) are guaranteed against
defects in materials or workmanship for a period of 5 years from the original sales
date when it was purchased from LPI or one of its authorised distributors.
The warranty is limited to the ex-factory cost of replacement of equipment providing
it has been installed and/or certified by LPI or its distributor. All other costs such as
freight, re-installation, loss of profit, or insurance premiums are not included.
Responsibility for other direct or indirect damages or death is also specifically
excluded from the warranty.
DISCLAIMER
The LPI Guardian Plus design software LITCalc provides the end-user with a
customised lightning protection design in compliance with the Leader Inception
Theory included in IEEE Std. 998 and other standards.
LPI has a policy of continuing research and product improvement and hence
retains the right without notice to alter future design methods or specifications
in accordance with revisions of applicable standards or other validated research
programs.
The range of Guardian Plus air terminals or, to our knowledge, any other lightning
protection system cannot provide 100% protection and it is not inferred.

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Figure 1.
Safety Guidelines for Installation
The LPI Guardian Plus terminals should only be installed when there is no threat of a
thunderstorm and lightning.
Other Recommendations:
∆Ensure safe working environments and practices to local codes
∆Use personal protective equipment during installation
∆Use mechanical methods of raising and installing masts over 6 m
∆Cordon off the area below the installation point
∆Check for overhead powerlines, live conductors and any other obstructions before lifting or
raising
∆Ensure enough personnel are used to safely conduct all aspects of the installation

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Checking Lightning Protection Components Supplied
The LPI Guardian Plus components received should be checked against the “bill of materials” for
loss during shipping and for damage.
Check the following:
∆Air terminals have not been dented or damaged in any way during transit
∆Instructions, warning labels, warranty, test certificate and relevant mast base
components are supplied
∆HVSC Plus cable drum (if supplied) is not damaged
∆Correct HVSC Plus length(s) have been supplied
∆There is no obvious damage to the HVSC Plus cable
∆If a factory completed upper termination is supplied, check to see that it is not damaged
and confirm inside or outside termination(s)
∆Order of lengths and quantities of HVSC Plus (if multiple lengths on one drum), will be
shown on the side of the cable drum(s)
LPI Guardian Plus Installation
All site and safety requirements must be followed during the installation of the LPI Guardian
Plus System. The correct order of installation is as follows:
1. Installation of the lightning earth.
2. Installation of the HVSC Plus downconductor.
3. Preparation of the lower termination of the HVSC Plus downconductor and connection
to the lightning earth.
4. Preparation of the upper termination of the HVSC Plus downconductor and connection
to the Guardian Plus terminal.
5. Preparation and raising of the mast into position.
Notes:
∆The installation must comply with all of the relevant local standards and regulations
∆If the Guardian Plus terminal needs to be raised prior to connection to the lightning
earth or immediate connection is not possible, then connect the lower end of the
downconductor to structural steel reinforcing or another suitable earth point