Lowrance 100 User manual

INSTALLATION AND
OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS
AirMap 100
®
®

Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998 Lowrance Electronics, Inc.
All rights reserved.
AirMap™ 100 is a trademark of Lowrance Avionics.
Lowrance®is a registered trademark of Lowrance Electronics, Inc.
Jeppesen® is a registered trademark of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.
WARNING!
USETHIS UNIT ONLY AS AN AIDTO NAVIGATION.A CAREFUL NAVI-
GATOR NEVER RELIES ON ONLY ONE METHODTO OBTAIN POSI-
TION INFORMATION.
Never use this product while operating a vehicle.
The background map built into this unit is not intended for navigation and
its accuracy has not been verified.This map is derived from U.S.govern-
ment sources which rely on ground and aerial surveys and satellite data.
Since there can be inaccuracies in the data used to create the maps and
in the map’s resolution, plus position inaccuracies in the navigation sys-
tem, use caution when using this product.
CAUTION
Whenshowing navigationdatatoaposition(waypoint),thisunitwillshow
the shortest, most direct path to the waypoint.It provides navigation data
tothewaypoint regardless of obstructions.Therefore,theprudent naviga-
torwillnot only takeadvantageofallavailablenavigation tools when trav-
elling to a waypoint, but will also visually check to make certain a clear,
safe path to the waypoint is always available.
Theoperatingandstoragetemperaturefor yourunit is from -4 degreesto
+167degrees Fahrenheit(-20to+75degrees Celsius).Extendedstorage
temperatures higher or lower than specified will cause the liquid crystal
display to fail. Neither this type of failure nor its consequences are cov-
ered by the warranty.For more information, consult the factory customer
service department.
All features and specifications subject to change without notice.
Lowrance Avionics may find it necessary to change or end our policies,
regulations, and special offers at any time.We reserve the right to do so
without notice.
All screens in this manual are simulated.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject
to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Note:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interfer-
enceinaresidentialinstallation.Thisequipmentgenerates,usesandcan
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-
dancewiththeinstructions,maycauseharmfulinterferencetoradiocom-
munications.However, there is no guarantee that interference will not oc-
cur in a particular installation.If this equipment does cause harmful inter-
ference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turn-
ing the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the factory customer service department for help.
Specifications
Dimensions.................................................6.75” L x 2.25”W x 1.625”D
Display.................................................................. 160 H x 104 W pixels
Power ....................................................................................... 5-35 vdc
Waypoints.........................................................................................750
Routes ................................................................................................99
Waypoints per Route (maximum)........................................................99
Total Waypoints used in Routes......................................................1500
Icons...............................................................................................1000
Savable PlotTrails.................................................................................3
Maximum PlotTrail Points.................................................. 3000 per trail

DEFINITION OFTERMS/ABBREVIATIONS
Due to space considerations, the digital displays use abbreviations for
some names.They are as follows:
ALT ............... Altitude
BRG ............. Bearing - The direction from your present position to a
waypoint.
CDI ............... Course Deviation Indicator - Shows your distance to the
side of the desired course line.
CLOCK......... Your local time.
TRK .............. Track - The direction you’re travelling.
DIS ............... Distance - Distance remaining between your present po-
sition and a waypoint.
DNT/UPT...... Countdown timer (DNT) and Count up timer (UPT)
ETA............... EstimatedTime of Arrival
ETE .............. EstimatedTime En route
ICON ............ A symbol you can place on the map, representing a land-
mark.
POSITION .... Your present position.
GS ................ Ground Speed -Your actual speed.
UTC.............. Coordinated UniversalTime -Time at the prime meridian
at Greenwich, England.Formerly known as GMT.
VOLTS .......... Electrical system voltage.
VMG ............. Velocity Made Good - Your ground speed towards a re-
called waypoint, airport, etc.

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................1
SA - What is it? ........................................................................................................2
Don’t Get Lost ..........................................................................................................2
GETTING STARTED ......................................................................................................3
Power .................................................................................................................3
BATTERIES..............................................................................................................3
Battery Installation.............................................................................................3
NiMH Battery .....................................................................................................3
External Antenna .....................................................................................................4
Yoke Mount ..............................................................................................................5
OPERATION .................................................................................................................6
Turning Power On ....................................................................................................6
Satellite Status Screen ............................................................................................6
FindingYour Position................................................................................................8
Auto Search .......................................................................................................8
Manual Initialization ...........................................................................................8
Position Acquisition ...........................................................................................9
POSITION/NAVIGATION SCREENS ......................................................................9
Navigation Screens ...........................................................................................10
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)................................................................11
Map .................................................................................................................12
Cursor .........................................................................................................14
Map Symbols ..............................................................................................14
Obstructions................................................................................................15
Airspace ......................................................................................................16
Map Setup...................................................................................................18
Map Options ......................................................................................................18
Map Orientation ..........................................................................................18
Autozoom ....................................................................................................20
View Destination .........................................................................................21
Range Rings/Grid Lines..............................................................................21
Earth Map Options ............................................................................................22
Earth Map On/Off .......................................................................................22
Text Labels ..................................................................................................22
Locations.....................................................................................................22
Map Detail ...................................................................................................22
Gray Fill .......................................................................................................23
Map Boundaries ..........................................................................................24
Air Map Options.................................................................................................24
Runway Extensions ....................................................................................25
Plot Trail Options ...............................................................................................26
Clear Trail ....................................................................................................26
Flash Trail ....................................................................................................26
Update Options ...........................................................................................26
Save Trail .................................................................................................26
Show Trail.................................................................................................27
ICONS ...............................................................................................................27
MAP DOWNLOADING ......................................................................................29
WINDOWS.........................................................................................................31
Reprogram Window Groups .......................................................................36
Reprogram Boxes .......................................................................................37
RESET GROUPS ..............................................................................................38
DATABASES ......................................................................................................38
Aviation Database.......................................................................................38
User Database - Waypoints ........................................................................42

WAYPOINTS......................................................................................................42
Waypoint Menu ...........................................................................................42
SavingYour Present Position as a Waypoint (Quick Save Method)...........42
Saving The Cursor Position as a Waypoint ................................................43
SavingYour Present Position as a Waypoint (Select Number Method) .....43
Saving a New Position ................................................................................44
Waypoint Averaging ....................................................................................44
Project a Waypoint ......................................................................................45
Selecting a Waypoint ..................................................................................46
Editing a Waypoint ......................................................................................46
NAVIGATION............................................................................................................47
Navigating to a cursor location..........................................................................47
Navigating to a Waypoint using the Map...........................................................48
OTHER WAYPOINT OPTIONS .........................................................................49
Move a Waypoint.........................................................................................49
Delete a Waypoint .......................................................................................49
Delete All Waypoints ...................................................................................49
“Nearest” Feature ........................................................................................50
ROUTES .................................................................................................................51
Create a Route ..................................................................................................51
Delete a Waypoint from Route ..........................................................................53
Waypoint Statistics ............................................................................................53
Following a Route ..............................................................................................53
Waypoint Information ..................................................................................54
Delete a Route...................................................................................................55
CANCEL NAVIGATION ............................................................................................55
Navigation Notes......................................................................................................55
SYSTEM SETUP .....................................................................................................56
Sound ................................................................................................................56
Contrast .............................................................................................................56
Set Local Time...................................................................................................57
Units of Measure ...............................................................................................57
NMEA / DGPS ...................................................................................................57
NMEA Output ....................................................................................................58
DGPS.................................................................................................................58
Serial Communication Setup.............................................................................59
Reset Options....................................................................................................60
Reset Groups ....................................................................................................61
System Info........................................................................................................61
GPS SETUP ............................................................................................................61
Power Save........................................................................................................60
Position Format .................................................................................................60
DATUM...............................................................................................................62
PCF (Position Correction Factor) ......................................................................63
POSITION PINNING .........................................................................................64
ALARMS .................................................................................................................65
SUNRISE/SET MOONRISE/SET CALCULATOR ...................................................67
SIMULATOR.............................................................................................................67
E6B COMPUTER.....................................................................................................68
AVIATION DATA DOWNLOAD .................................................................................71
JEPPESEN® DATABASE UPGRADE .....................................................................73
DATUM LIST ............................................................................................................74
UPS RETURN SERVICE .........................................................................................79
WARRANTY .............................................................................................................81
DATABASE LICENSE AGREEMENT ......................................................................82
DATABASE WARRANTY .........................................................................................83

1
INTRODUCTION
Thankyou forpurchasinga LowranceAvionicsAirMap 100.With its large
LCD screen, easy to use menus, and outstanding performance, we think
you’ll be happy with your AirMap 100 for many years.No other handheld
GPS receiver on the market today has the AirMap’s combination of 12
channelreceiver, Jeppesen®database with obstacles (U.S.only), ground
and hydrographic mapping capability, and programmable screens in a
handheldunit.
TheGlobalPositioning System(GPS)wasdevelopedbythe UnitedStates
Department of Defense as a 24-hour a day, 365 days a year global navi-
gationsystemfor the military.Civilian availabilitywasadded(but with less
accuracy) using the same satellites.Twenty-foursatellitesorbitthe Earth.
Three of these satellites are spares, unused until needed.The rest virtu-
allyguaranteethatatleast four satellites are in view of anyplaceon Earth
at all times.
The system requires three satellites in order to determine a position.This
is called a 2D fix. It takes four satellites to determine both position and
elevation, (your height above sea level - also called altitude.) called a 3D
fix.
Remember, the unit must have a clear view of the satellites in order to
receiver their signals. Unlike radio or television, GPS works at very high
frequencies.The signals can be blocked easily by trees, buildings, even
your body. Fortunately, they do travel through glass and plastic, so your
receiver will work in the aircraft, if it has a clear view of the satellites
through the windshield or side windows. Let someone else drive if you
use it in a car or other vehicle.
Never use this GPS receiver while operating a vehicle!
The first time you use this unit, walk outside and turn it on in your back-
yard, an open field or park.Once it locks onto the satellites, you can ex-
periment with it around buildings and trees.This will give you some idea
of its sensitivity to blockage.
Like most GPS receivers, this unit doesn’t have a compass or any other
navigation aid built inside.It relies solely on the signals from the satellites
to calculate a position. Speed, direction of travel, and distance are all
calculatedfrompositioninformation.Therefore,inorderforittodetermine
direction of travel, you must be moving and the faster, the better.This is
not to say that it won’t work at walking speeds - it will.There will simply be
more “wandering” of the data shown on the display.

2
SA -What is it?
Another factor that greatly influences the receiver’s ability to determine
position is SA.The United States government intentionally degrades the
satellites signal for civilian users. They introduce small errors into the
satellite’s signals that makes the GPS receiver less accurate.These er-
rors are called selective availability, or SA.How bad is it?They guarantee
that the position reported by a GPS receiver that meets their specifica-
tions is within 100 meters horizontally and 150 meters vertically 95% of
thetime.(The position can be better than that or worsethanthattheother
5% of the time.) In other words, the position shown on your receiver is
within100metersofyouractualposition,95%ofthetime.That’sover300
feet! Not exactly pinpoint accuracy, but then few people need positioning
accuracy greater than this. However, if you do want better performance,
(andwhodoesn’t?) manymanufacturers(includingLowrance)sellaDGPS
receiver that attaches to your GPS receiver.The DGPS system transmits
correction signals that nullify the effects of SA.The DGPS receiver takes
signals from these land-based transmitters and gives them to the GPS
receiver which then uses them to show a more accurate position. The
ironic part is the federal government implemented SA and is also operat-
ing many DGPS transmitters. (You can use the signals from all of the
Coast Guard DGPS stations for free, by the way.)The downside to this is
it requires another piece of electronic gear (the DGPS receiver) which
usually isn’t small enough to carry with you, but will work nicely on a
vehicle.And youhavetobeclose enough toastationtoreceivetheDGPS
signals.
Don’t Get Lost
Generally, you find that using your GPS receiver without DGPS is both
easy and amazingly accurate. It’s easily the most accurate method of
electronic navigation available to the general public today. Remember,
however that this receiver is only a tool.Always have another method of
navigation available, such as a chart or map and a compass.It’s a good
idea to carry spare batteries with you, especially if you’re venturing into
unknown territory.
Also remember that this unit will always show navigation information in
the shortest line from your present position to a waypoint, regardless of
terrain! It only calculates position, it can’t know what’s between you and
yourcamp,forexample.It’suptoyoutosafelynavigate around obstacles,
no matter how you’re using this product.

3
GETTING STARTED
Power
The AirMap 100 operates from AA batteries, a DURACELL®NiMH re-
chargeable battery, or from 5 to 35 volts DC using the external power
cable.If the power cable is used, the AirMap 100 automatically switches
to it if the external power is greater than the battery voltage. If for any
reason the external power fails, the unit automatically switches to the
batteries.
BATTERIES
The unit requires four AA batteries.We recommend you use alkaline bat-
teries for the best trade-off between battery life and cost. However, you
can use nickel-cadmium (ni-cad), or lithium batteries.You can also use
rechargeable alkaline batteries such as RayOVac®Renewals®.With the
exception of lithium, none of the above batteries will last as long as stan-
dard alkaline batteries. We recommend DURACELL®brand, but others
will work. Do not use “heavy-duty” batteries or any type other than the
ones listed above. Do not mix different types of batteries. (For example,
don’t use both alkaline and ni-cad batter-
ies at the same time.)
Battery Installation
First turn the unit so that its back is facing
you. Push the two tabs to the left and re-
move the battery cover as shown at right.
Install the batteries according to this dia-
gram.(There’sadecalinthebattery com-
partment showing the correct polarity,
also.) Replace the battery compartment
cover and the unit is ready for use.
NiMH Battery
The DURACELL®DR-121 nickel-metal
hydride (NiMH) battery replaces the four
standard batteries.It is sold as an acces-
sory,modelBR-1whichincludesacharger
customdesigned for the DR-121.The batterynever needs to beremoved
fromtheunit,sincethe chargerconnectstotheGPSreceiverand charges
the DR-121.You can even use the receiver while the battery is charging!
To install the NiMH battery, remove the battery cover and place the bat-
tery into the compartment as shown on the next page. It will only fit one
way, so if it’s difficult to install, simply turn it over and drop it into place.
Replace the compartment cover and follow the charging instructions in-
cluded with the BR-1.

4
(Note: The DR-121 is the only battery that
can be recharged in this unit! Using the ex-
ternalpowercable alonedoesnotchargethe
battery!You must use a charger supplied by
Lowrance inordertochargethebattery.Also,
this charger will only charge a DR-121. It will
notchargeany other type ofbatteryinstalled
in the unit, including ni-cads or rechargeable
alkallines.)
External Antenna
AlthoughthisGPSreceiverisex-
tremely sensitive, it can be used
inlocationswherethebuilt-in an-
tenna simply cannot receive sig-
nals from enough satellites.An ex-
ternal antenna is supplied with yourunit
to use when conditions warrant. Usually, it’s
best to use the external antenna when the unit is attached to the yoke
mount.
Asecondconnectorontheback
of the unit is for an external an-
tenna.The external antenna in-
cluded with your unit plugs di-
rectly into this connector.
To use the antenna, first as-
semble the bracket, antenna, and
suctioncupsasatright.Twoscrews are
provided to attach the bracket to the an-
tenna.

5
DASH
WINDSHIELD
Moisten the suction cups and press them firmly against the inside of the
windshield, away from your line of sight.Route the antenna’s cable to the
GPS receiver and it’s ready for use.
YOKE MOUNTING
Included with your AirMap is a yoke
mounting bracket. It secures to the
yoke’s shaft with a clamp. Fasten the
cradle packed with your unit to the
yoke mount with four 2 mm screws.
Follow the instructions included with
the yoke mount to assemble and at-
tachitto youraircraft.The AirMapsim-
ply snaps into the cradle.
The AirMap can operate from batteries or the external power cord when
it’sattachedtotheyokemountingbracket.To use theexternalpowercord,
simply plug one end into the power connector on the AirMap and the
other end into the aircraft’s cigarette lighter.
Some pilots like to keep
fresh batteries in their
units, even when using
the external power.If the
power fails, the unit will
automatically switch to
the batteries, thus keep-
ing the unit on without
interruption.

6
PAGES WPT
MENU EXIT
ZOUT ZIN ENT PWR
OPERATION
Keyboard
There are 12 keys on the keyboard. You navigate through the menus,
adjust the chart’s cursor, and enter data using the arrow keys.The five
major modes of operation are accessed
using the PAGES key.Press the MENU key
to select or adjust a feature from a list.The
Z-IN and Z-OUT keys zoom-in or zoom-out
theview on the plotterscreen.TheENTand
EXITkeysare used to enter or clear data or
screens. Save and edit waypointsusingthe
WPT key. The PWR key turns the unit on
and off. Pressing it once while the unit is
operatingturns on the screen’sbacklight.To
prevent an accidental shutdown, you must
hold the PWR key down for a few seconds in order to turn the unit off.
Menus
Most of the unit’s features are found on“menus’.You can view the menus
by pressing the MENU key. This product has “Intelligent Menus”. There
are many menus that pertain to only the map, for example. When you
presstheMENUkeyandthe plotter is showing,menuitemsfor the plotter
showinadditiontothenormalmenus.Forexample,ifthenavigationscreen
is showing, and you press the MENU key, plotter menu items won’t show
on the list.This helps you find the needed item without scrolling through
unnecessary menus.
Turning Power On
To turn the unit on, simply press the PWR key. A GPS
logoscreenappears,thenthescreensimilarto the one
at right appears. Read the message on the screen,
then press the EXIT key to erase it or wait a few sec-
onds and it automatically clears. The satellite status
screenshown at thetopofthenextpageappearsnext.
Satellite Status Screen
This screen shows a graphical view of the satellites that are in view.Each
satellite is shown on the circular chart relative to your position.The point
in the center of the chart is directly overhead.The small inner ring repre-
sents 45° above the horizon and the large ring represents the horizon.
North is at the top of the screen.You can use this to see which satellites
are obstructed by obstacles in your immediate area if you hold the unit
facing north.

7
The GPS receiver is tracking satellites that are sur-
rounded by a black box. If the satellite number is not
surrounded by a box, then the receiver hasn’t locked
onto that satellite and it isn’t being used to solve the
position.
Beneath the circular graph are the bar graphs, one for
eachsatelliteinview.Althoughtheunithastwelvechan-
nels,itdedicatesonechannelpervisiblesatellite.There-
fore,ifonlysixsatellitesarevisible, onlysixbarchartsshowatthebottom
of the screen.The higher the bar on the graph, the better the unit is re-
ceiving the signals from the satellite.
The number in the upper left corner is the “expected horizontal position
error”or expected error from a benchmark location.In other words, if the
expected error shows 50 feet, then the position shown by the unit is esti-
mated to be within 50 feet of the actual location.However, this number is
only valid if you’re using DGPS or if S/A is turned off. Due to S/A, the
accuracy can only be less than 100 meters, 95% of the time, per U.S.
government specifications. Although the expected error is not accurate
unless you have a DGPS receiver, it does give you an indicator of the fix
quality the unit currently has.The smaller the expected error number, the
better (and more accurate) the fix is.
If the expected error is flashing, then the unit has not locked onto the
satellites, and the number shown is not valid.
The fix indicator on the left center shows either 2D or 3D.A 2D fix means
the unit has locked onto three satellites and has calculated its position.A
3D fix means the unit has locked onto at least four satellites and has
calculatedboththepositionand altitude.(Remember,ittakes three satel-
lites to determine the position - four to determine position and altitude.) If
neither 2D nor 3D are showing, then the unit doesn’t have the position or
altitude.
A battery level indicator on the lower right side of the screen shows the
approximately how much life is in the batteries.This runs from “F” (fully
charged) to “E” (expired).
A light bulb indicator at the top right corner of the screen appears when
the backlights are on.

8
FindingYour Position
Auto Search
To lock onto the satellites, the GPS receiver needs to know it’s current
position,localtime,anddate.(Elevation(altitude)isalsousedintheequa-
tion, but it’s rarely required to determine a position.) It needs this data so
thatitcancalculatewhich satellites should be in view.It then searches for
only those satellites. When your GPS receiver is turned on for the first
time, it doesn’t know what your position or elevation (altitude) is. It does
know the current UTC time and date since these wereprogrammedinto it
at the factory and an internal clock keeps the time while the unit is turned
off. It begins searching for the satellites using the above data that it ac-
quired the last time it was turned on.This probably was at the Lowrance
factory. Since it’s almost certain that you’re not at the Lowrance factory,
it’s probably looking for the wrong satellites.If it doesn’t find the satellites
it’s looking for after five minutes, it switches to Auto Search.The receiver
looks for any satellite in the sky. Due to advanced technology, the auto
search time has shrunk to about five minutes, so the longest time you
should ever have to wait is ten minutes from the time you turn the unit on
until it locks onto the satellites and shows a position.Once the unit locks
onto the satellites, it should take less than a minute to find your position
the next time it’s turned on, provided you haven’t moved more than ap-
proximately 100 miles from the last location it was used.
Manual Initialization
If you don’t want to wait for the Auto Search, then you may be able to
speed up the initialization process by using the manual initialization fea-
ture.Usingthisfeaturetellstheunitit’sapproximateposition.Onceitknows
it’s location, it determines exactly which satellites should be in view and
starts looking only for those satellites.
To manually initialize the unit, press the MENU key.
Nowpressthedownarrow key until the“GPSSETUP”
labelishighlighted.Presstherightarrowkey.The“INIT
GPS”(InitializeGPS)labelishighlighted.Presstheright
arrow key again.The screen at right appears.Use the
arrow keys to move the crosshairs to yourapproximate
location on the map. You may use the ZOUT key to
zoomthe map out.This will makeiteasierandfaster to
find your location on the map. Once you have the
crosshairs on your location, press the ENT key. The
unit returns to the satellite status screen.
Using the manual initialization method loads a position that’s close to
yours into the GPS receiver.It should now have position, time, and date,

9
thereby giving it the data it needs to determine which satellites are in
view.Once the satellites are known, the receiver searches for only those
satellites, making a lock faster than an auto search method.
Position Acquisition
When the receiver locks onto the satellites and calculates a position, it
shows the message “Position Acquired” on the screen. All position and
navigation data flashes until the unit acquires a position. Do not rely on
any data that is flashing! When the numbers are flashing, they represent
the last known values when the unit lost it’s lock on the satellites.
(Note:The altitude data may still flash even if the unit shows a “Position
Acquired” message and all other data is not flashing. The unit must be
lockedontoatleastfoursatellitestodeterminealtitude.It only takesthree
satellites to determine position.You can navigate with this unit if the alti-
tude is flashing, simply ignore the altitude display until it quits flashing.)
REMEMBER, DO NOT NAVIGATEWITH THIS UNIT UNTIL THE
NUMBERS STOP FLASHING!
Once the unit has acquired the satellites and is showing a fix on the sta-
tus screen, or the position acquired message appears, it’s ready for use.
POSITION/NAVIGATION SCREENS
This unit has four modes: status, map, navigation, and window groups.
Use the PAGES and arrow keys to switch between the different screens.
The four default screens are shown below.
STATUS NAVIGATION MAP WINDOWS
(GROUP “A”)

10
To change modes, simply press the PAGES key. A
screen similar to the one at right appears.Use the up
or down arrow keys to change modes. (The windows
mode is shown as “groups”. Group “A” is the first win-
dows group.)
Press the right arrow key while the above menu is showing to switch
between different versions of each mode.When the desired screen ap-
pears, press the EXIT key to erase the menu.
Navigation Screens
Therearetwodifferentnavigationscreens.Navscreen numberoneshows
a graphical view of your trip, Nav screen number 2 shows all navigation
details in large digital numbers.You can also customize both navigation
screenstoshow dataotherthanthedefault.Seethe“ProgrammingBoxes”
section for more information.
Nav Screen #1
This screen has a compass rose that shows not only
your direction of travel, but also the direction to a re-
called waypoint. The navigation screen looks like the
one at right when you’re not navigating to a waypoint.
Your position is shown by the airplane in the center of
the screen. Your trail history, or path you’ve taken is
depicted by the line extending from the arrow.The ar-
row pointing down at the top of the compass rose indi-
cates the current track (direction of travel) you are tak-
ing.This is also shown in the “TRK” (track) box in the
upperright corner of the screen.On the example shownatright, the track
is 24°. The current ground speed (GS) shows in the box in the lower
center of this screen.
When navigating to a waypoint, Nav screen number
one looks like the one at right.Bearing to the destina-
tionwaypoint isintheboxintheupperleftcorner.Bear-
ing is also shown by the large arrow pointing up to-
wards the compass, above the present position arrow.
Distancefromthepresentpositiontothewaypoint(DIS)
shows beneath the compass on the lower left side of
the screen.

11
Lines on either side of the present position show the current cross track
error range. Cross track error is the distance you are off-course to the
sideof the desired course line.The courseline is an imaginary line drawn
from your position when you started navigating to the destination way-
point. It’sshownonthescreenasavertical dotted line.Thedefaultfor the
cross track error range is 0.25 mile. For example, if the present position
symbol touches the right cross track error line, then you are .25 mile to
the right of the desired course. You need to steer left to return to the
desired course.The cross track error is also shown in the “XTK” box. In
the upper right corner is the course (CRS) box show-
ingthe direction from yourstarting position to theway-
point. Remember, a course is a proposed path from
the starting position to the destination. Track is your
actual direction of travel.
A circle depicting your destination appears on the
screenasyou approach the waypoint as shownonthe
screen at right.
Nav Screen #2
This navigation screen shows all navigation informa-
tioninlargedigitalnumbers.Toviewthisscreen,press
the PAGES key, then press an arrow key until the
“NAV1”labelishighlighted.Whileit’shighlighted,press
theright arrowkey.Thescreenshownatrightappears.
Press the EXIT key to erase the menu.
This screen is composed of eight digital boxes.Track
(TRK) and ground speed (GS) data are all that show if
you’re not navigating to a waypoint.If you are navigat-
ing to a waypoint, then bearing (BRG), distance to
waypoint (DIS), estimated time en route (ETE), cross track error (XTK),
destinationarrow, and the CDI also operate.See belowformore informa-
tion on the CDI.
Thedestinationarrow showsthe direction to the destination when the top
of the screen is pointing in your direction of travel.
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)
Once navigation to a destination is established, the CDI shows your dis-
tance to the left or right of the desired course.The vertical line in the box
shows both the direction you must steer to get back on course and the
distance to the course line. For example, if you’re travelling straight to-

12
wards the destination, from the start, then the line stays in the center. If
youdriftoffcoursetotheright,thelinemovestothe left .Thissignifiesthat
you need to steer to the left to get back on course.This is called“chasing
the needle”.If you steer towards the line (needle), you’ll always be head-
ing in the correct direction to get back on course.
The CDI’s range shows beneath the CDI label. On the
screen at right, the CDI range is .20 mile, which is the
default. You can adjust the range by selecting the
“ALARMS/CDI” label on the main menu. This is also
shown by the dotted lines at the far left and right side of
the CDI.If the solid line is on either of the dotted lines,
then you are 0.20 mile off course. Remember, if the
linemovestotheleft,thenyouaretoofartothe right of
the desired course line and vice-versa.
Using the CDI with a mapping screen helps you visu-
alize your position in relation to the course. The map
screen on the right shows that we are off course to the
right. The vertical bar on the CDI shown above has
moved to the left side, showing the direction to the de-
sired course line.The CDI gives you a quick, easy to
read visual indicator of your relationship between your
direction of travel and the desired direction.
Map
The AirMap 100 has a ground map of the world built inside.This map has
the majority of its detail in far southern Canada, the continental United
States and Hawaiian islands, northern Mexico, the Bahamas, and Ber-
muda.The map screens show your course and track from a “birds-eye”
view.If you’renavigatingtoawaypoint, the map shows yourstartingloca-
tion,presentposition,courseline,anddestination.Youdon’thavetonavi-
gate to a waypoint, however, to use the map.
Acompleteaviation databaseisincludedusingJeppe-
sen®data .Airports, NDBs,VORs, and other airspace
information (including obstructions such as radio and
TV towers) are overlaid onto the ground map.
Using the map is as simple as pressing the PAGES
key, then highlighting “MAP 1”.A screen similar to the
oneatrightappears.The airplanesymbolinthecenter
of the screen is your present position. It points in the
directionyou’re travelling.The solid line extendingfrom

13
the airplane symbol is your plot trail, or path you’ve taken. The map’s
range shows in the lower left corner of the screen. In this example, the
map’s range is ten miles from the left edge of the screen to the right.
MAP-1 MAP-2 MAP-3
Therearethreedifferentmappingscreens.To viewtheother mapscreens,
press the PAGES key, highlight the MAP label, and press the right arrow
key until the desired map screen appears. Press the EXIT key to erase
themenu.Map-2 (shownbelow)hasnavigationdataaddedat the bottom
of the screen, beneath the map. The data includes bearing to waypoint
(BRG), track (TRK), and distance to waypoint (DIS).
Map-3 is similar to Map-2.It shows ground speed (GS), track (TRK), and
the CDI at the bottom of the screen.
As you travel, the map slides past your present position, which always
remains at the center of the screen.The line extending from your position
shows the path you’ve taken.
The Z-IN and Z-OUT keys zoom-in and out all maps to enlarge or reduce
theircoveragearea.Theavailableranges are:0.1,0.15,0.2,0.3, 0.4, 0.6,
0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 300,
400, 600, 800, 1000, 1500, and 2000 miles.
Jeppesen™ data shows at all zoom ranges, however, Lowrance has a
unique method of displaying this data.If you were to turn on all airports,
VORs, NDBs, and controlled airspaces at the same time without filtering
the data, the map screen would become so cluttered that it would be
useless.TheAirMap100turnsoffvirtuallyallaviationdata atlargeranges,
selectively turning on more data as you zoom in closer to your present
position or cursor location.The background land data also shows more
as you zoom in.

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Cursor
Pressinganarrowkeyturnson twodottedlinesthatintersectatthe present
positionsymbol.Theselinesarecalleda“cursor”and have many uses.To
turn the cursor on, simply press the arrow key in the direction you want
the cursor to move. This lets you view areas on the map that are away
from your present position. The zoom-in and zoom-out keys work from
the cursor’s position when it’s active - not the present position.You can
zoominonany detail, anywhere.You can also place icons and waypoints.
The cursor has an extremely useful feature that lets you identify airports,
VOR’s,NDB’s,intersections,anduser-definedwaypoints.Inthisexample,
an airport is identified. First, move the cursor to the airport. When the
labelontheairportishighlighted,presstheWPTkey.Thewaypointscreen
appears with the highlighted airport’s data showing.You can navigate to
thisairportbypressingtheright arrow key,viewotherinformationbyhigh-
lighting the “COMM FREQ”, “RUNWAYS”, or “SERVICES” labels. Press
the EXIT key to erase this screen.You can select another feature in the
same manner or press the EXIT key to erase the cursor.The unit centers
your present position on the screen after erasing the cursor.
MAP SYMBOLS
Airports,VORs, NDBs, and Intersections
All airports are shown as a square with its identifier beneath it. Larger
airports are shown the same way until you zoom in closer, then their
runways become visible. Zoom in farther, and the runway numbers also
appear.VOR’s are shown as a circle with a dot inside,whileNDB’s havea
triangle.Intersections are depicted as an“X”.
AIRPORT WITH
SMALL RUNWAY(S) AIRPORT WITH LARGE RUNWAY(S) VOR NDB INTERSECTION