MaxStream Xbee User manual

355 South 520 West, Suite 180
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XBee™/XBee-PRO™ OEM RF Modules
XBee/XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules
RF Module Operation
RF Module Configuration
Appendices
Product Manual v1.0
For OEM RF Module Part Numbers: XB24-...-001, XB24-...-002
XBP24-...-001, XBP24-...-002
ZigBee™/IEEE®802.15.4 OEM RF Modules by MaxStream, Inc.
M100232
2005.09.16

XBee™/XBee‐PRO™OEMRFModules‐ProductManualv1.0
©2005MaxStream,Inc.,Confidential&Proprietary‐AllRightsReserved ii
© 2005 MaxStream, Inc. All rights reserved
Nopartofthecontentsofthismanualmaybetransmittedorreproducedinany
formorbyanymeanswithoutthewrittenpermissionofMaxStream,Inc.
XBee™andXBee‐PRO™aretrademarksofMaxStream,Inc.
ZigBee™isaregisteredtrademarkoftheZigBeeAlliance.
TechnicalSupport:Phone:(801)765‐9885
LiveChat:www.maxstream.net
E‐mail:rf‐[email protected]

Contents
XBee™/XBee‐PRO™OEMRFModules–ProductManualv1.0
©2005MaxStream,Inc.,Confidential&Proprietary‐AllRightsReserved iii
1. XBee/XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules 4
1.1. Key Features 4
1.1.1. Worldwide Acceptance 4
1.2. Specifications 5
1.3. Mechanical Drawings 5
1.4. Pin Signals 6
1.5. Electrical Characteristics 6
2. RF Module Operation 7
2.1. Serial Communications 7
2.1.1. UART Data Flow 7
2.1.2. Flow Control 8
2.2. Modes of Operation 9
2.2.1. Sleep Mode 9
2.2.2. Command Mode 11
2.3. Networking Modes 12
2.3.1. Addressing Overview 12
2.3.2. Unicast Mode 12
2.3.3. Broadcast Mode 12
3. RF Module Configuration 13
3.1. Programming the RF Module 13
3.1.1. Programming Examples 13
3.2. Command Reference Table 14
3.3. Command Descriptions 15
Appendix A: Agency Certifications 21
FCC Certification (pending) 21
OEM Labeling Requirements 21
FCC Notices 21
FCC-Approved Antennas (2.4 GHz) 22
European Certification (pending) 23
OEM Labeling Requirements 23
Restrictions 23
Declarations of Conformity 23
Appendix B: Development Guide 24
Development Kit Contents 24
Interfacing Options 24
RS-232 Interface Board 25
Physical Interface 25
RS-232 Pin Signals 26
Wiring Diagrams 27
Adapters 28
USB Interface Board 29
Physical Interface 29
USB Pin Signals 29
Appendix C: Additional Information 30
1-Year Warranty 30
Ordering Information 30
Contact MaxStream 31

XBee™/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules–ProductManualv1.0
©2005MaxStream,Inc.,Confidential&Proprietary‐AllRightsReserved 4
1.XBee/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules
XBee and XBee-PRO Modules were engineered to meet
ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 standards and address the unique
needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks.
The modules require minimal power and provide reliable
delivery of critical data between devices.
The modules operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency
band and are pin-for-pin compatible with each other.
1.1. Key Features
High Performance, Low Cost
XBee
• Indoor/Urban: up to 100’ (30 m)
• Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 300’ (100 m)
• Transmit Power: 1 mW (0 dBm)
• Receiver Sensitivity: -92 dBm
XBee-PRO
• Indoor/Urban: up to 300’ (100 m)
• Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 4000’ (300 m)
• Transmit Power: 100 mW (20 dBm) EIRP
• Receiver Sensitivity: -100 dBm
RF Data Rate: 250,000 bps
Advanced Networking & Security
Retries and Acknowledgements
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
13 direct sequence channels, each with over
65,000 unique network addresses available
Point-to-point, point-to-multipoint
and peer-to-peer topologies supported
Unicast and Broadcast Modes supported
128-bit Encryption (downloadable firmware
version coming soon)
Self-routing/Self-healing mesh networking
(downloadable firmware version coming soon)
Low Power
XBee
• TX Current: 45 mA (@3.3 V)
• RX Current: 50 mA (@3.3 V)
• Power-down Current: < 10 µA
XBee-PRO
• TX Current: 270 mA (@3.3 V)
• RX Current: 55 mA (@3.3 V)
• Power-down Current: < 10 µA
Easy-to-Use
No configuration necessary for out-of box
RF communications
Free X-CTU Software
(Testing and configuration software)
Small form factor
Network compatible with other
ZigBee/802.15.4 devices
Free & Unlimited Technical Support
1.1.1. Worldwide Acceptance
FCC Approval pending (USA) Refer to Appendix A [p21] for FCC Requirements.
Systems that include XBee/XBee-PRO Modules inherit MaxStream’s Certifications.
ISM (Industrial, Scientific & Medical) 2.4 GHz frequency band
Manufactured under ISO 9001:2000 registered standards
XBee/XBee-PRO RF Modules are optimized for use in US, Canada, Australia, Israel
and Europe (contact MaxStream for complete list of approvals).

XBee™/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules–ProductManualv1.0
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1.2. Specifications
1.3. Mechanical Drawings
Figure1‐01. MechanicaldrawingsoftheXBee/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules(antennaoptionsnotshown)
XBeeandXBee‐PRORFModulesarepin‐for‐pincompatible.
Table1‐01. SpecificationsoftheXBee/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules
Specification XBee XBee-Pro
Performance
Indoor/Urban Range up to 100 ft. (30 m) Up to 300’ (100 m)
Outdoor RF line-of-sight Range up to 300 ft. (100 m) Up to 4000’ (1200 m)
Transmit Power Output 1mW (0 dBm) 60 mW (18 dBm) conducted, 100 mW (20 dBm) EIRP
RF Data Rate 250,000 bps 250,000 bps
Interface Data Rate
(software selectable)
1200 - 115200 bps
(non-standard baud rates also supported)
1200 - 115200 bps
(non-standard baud rates also supported)
Receiver Sensitivity -92 dBm (1% packet error rate) -100 dBm (1% packet error rate)
Power Requirements
Supply Voltage 2.8 – 3.4 V 2.8 – 3.4 V
Transmit Current (typical) 45 mA (@ 3.3 V) 270 mA (@ 3.3 V)
Receive Current (typical) 50 mA (@ 3.3 V) 55 mA (@ 3.3 V)
Power-down Current < 10 µA < 10 µA
General
Operating Frequency ISM 2.4 GHz ISM 2.4 GHz
Dimensions 0.960” x 1.087” (2.438cm x 2.761cm) 0.960” x 1.297” (2.438cm x 3.294cm)
Operating Temperature -40 to 85º C (industrial) -40 to 85º C (industrial)
Antenna Options U.FL Connector, Chip Antenna or Wire Antenna U.FL Connector, Chip Antenna or Wire Antenna
Networking & Security
Supported Network Topologies Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint,
Peer-to-Peer and Mesh (coming soon)
Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint,
Peer-to-Peer and Mesh (coming soon)
Number of Channels
(software selectable) 16 Direct Sequence Channels 13 Direct Sequence Channels
Network Layers PAN ID, Channel and Source/Destination Addresses PAN ID, Channel and Source/Destination Addresses
Agency Approvals
FCC Part 15.247 pending pending
Industry Canada (IC) pending pending
Europe pending pending

XBee™/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules–ProductManualv1.0
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1.4. Pin Signals
Figure1‐02. XBee/XBee‐PRORFModulePinNumber
(topsidesshown‐shieldsonbottom)
‐Minimumconnectionsare:VCC,GND,DOUTandDIN.
‐SignalDirectionisspecifiedwithrespecttothemodule
‐Functionslistedindescriptionsaresoftwareselectableandmaynotallbeavailableattimeofrelease.
‐Moduleincludesa50kpull‐upresistorattachedtoRESET.
‐UnusedinputsshouldbetiedtoGND/Unusedoutputsshouldbeleftdisconnected.
1.5. Electrical Characteristics
Table1‐02. PinAssignmentsfortheXBeeandXBee‐PROModules
(Low‐assertedsignalsaredistinguishedwithahorizontallineabovesignalname.)
Pin # Name Direction Description
1 VCC - Power supply
2 DOUT Output UART Data Out
3 DIN / CONFIG Input UART Data In
4 CD / DOUT_EN / DO8 Output Carrier Detect, TX_enable or Digital Output 8
5RESET Input Module Reset
6 PWM0 / RSSI Output PWM Output 0 or RX Signal Strength Indicator
7 [reserved] - Do not connect
8 [reserved] - Do not connect
9 DTR / SLEEP_RQ / DI8 Input Pin Sleep Control Line or Digital Input 8
10 GND - Ground
11 AD4 / DIO4 / RF_TX Either Analog Input 4, Digital I/O 4 or Transmission Indicator
12 DIO7 / CTS Either Digital I/O 7 or Clear-to-Send Flow Control
13 ON / SLEEP Output Module Status Indicator
14 VREF Input Voltage Reference for A/D Inputs
15 AD5 / DIO5 / Associate Either Analog Input 5, Digital I/O 5 or Associated Indicator
16 AD6 / DIO6 / RTS Either Analog Input 6, Digital I/O 6 or Request-to-Send Flow Control
17 AD3 / DIO3 / COORD_SEL Either Analog Input 3, Digital I/O 3 or Coordinator Select
18 AD2 / DIO2 Either Analog Input 2 or Digital I/O 2
19 AD1 / DIO1 Either Analog Input 1 or Digital I/O 1
20 AD0 / DIO0 Either Analog Input 0 or Digital I/O 0
Table1‐03. DCCharacteristicsoftheXBee&XBee‐PRO(VCC=2.8‐3.4VDC)
Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typical Max Units
VIL Input Low Voltage All Digital Inputs - - 0.35 * VCC V
VIH Input High Voltage All Digital Inputs 0.7 * VCC - - V
VOL Output Low Voltage IOL = 2 mA, VCC >= 2.7 V --0.5V
VOH Output High Voltage IOH = -2 mA, VCC >= 2.7 V VCC - 0.5 - - V
IIIN Input Leakage Current VIN = VCC or GND, all inputs, per pin - 0.025 1 uA
IIOZ High Impedance Leakage Current VIN = VCC or GND, all I/O High-Z, per pin - 0.025 1 uA
TX Transmit Current VCC = 3.3 V - 45
(XBee)
270
(PRO) -mA
RX Receive Current VCC = 3.3 V - 50
(XBee)
55
(PRO) -mA
PWR-
DWN Power-down Current SM parameter = 1 - < 10 - uA

XBee™/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules–ProductManualv1.0
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2.RFModuleOperation
2.1. Serial Communications
The XBee/XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules interface to a host device through a logic-level asynchro-
nous serial port. Through its serial port, the module can communicate with any logic and voltage
compatible UART; or through a level translator to any serial device (For example: RS-232/485/
422 or USB interface board).
2.1.1. UART Data Flow
Devices that have a UART interface can connect directly to the pins of the RF module as shown in
the figure below.
Figure2‐01. Figure2‐01.SystemDataFlowDiagraminaUART‐interfacedenvironment
(Low‐assertedsignalsdistinguishedwithhorizontallineoversignalname.)
Serial Data
Data enters the module UART through the DI pin (pin 3) as an asynchronous serial signal. The sig-
nal should idle high when no data is being transmitted.
Each data byte consists of a start bit (low), 8 data bits (least significant bit first) and a stop bit
(high). The following figure illustrates the serial bit pattern of data passing through the module.
Figure2‐02. UARTdatapacket0x1F(decimalnumberʺ31ʺ)astransmittedthroughtheRFmodule
ExampleDataFormatis8‐N‐1(bits‐parity‐#ofstopbits)
The module UART performs tasks, such as timing and parity checking, that are needed for data
communications. Serial communications depend on the two UARTs to be configured with compati-
ble settings (baud rate, parity, start bits, stop bits, data bits)
Both the module and host (PC) settings can be viewed and adjusted using MaxStream's propri-
etary X-CTU Software. Use the "PC Settings" tab to configure host settings. Use the "Terminal" or
"RF Module Configuration" tab to configure the module settings.
NOTE: Failure to enter AT Command Mode is most commonly due to baud rate mismatch. Ensure the
‘Baud’ setting on the “PC Settings tab matches the interface data rate of the RF module (by default, BD
parameter = 3 (which is associated to 9600 bps)).

XBee™/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules–ProductManualv1.0
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2.1.2. Flow Control
Figure2‐03. InternalDataFlowDiagram
DI (Data In) Buffer
When serial data enters the RF module through the DI Pin, the data is stored in the DI Buffer until
it can be transmitted.
When the RO (Packetization Timeout) parameter threshold is satisfied [refer to RO command
description for more information], the module attempts to initialize an RF connection. If the mod-
ule cannot immediately transmit (for instance, if it is already receiving RF data), the serial data
continues to be stored in the DI Buffer. If the DI buffer becomes full, hardware or software flow
control must be implemented in order to prevent overflow (loss of data between the host and the
module).
How to eliminate the need for flow control:
Case in which the DI Buffer may become full and possibly overflow:
Refer to the BD (Interface Data Rate) [p15] and RO (Packetization Timeout) [p19] command descrip-
tions for more information.
DO (Data Out) Buffer
When RF data is received, the data enters the DO buffer and is sent out the serial port to a host
device. Once the DO Buffer reaches capacity, any additional incoming RF data is lost.
If the module is receiving a continuous stream of RF data, any serial data that arrives on the DI
pin is placed in the DI Buffer. The data in the DI buffer will be transmitted over-the-air when the
module is no longer receiving RF data in the network.
Two cases in which the DO Buffer may become full and possibly overflow:
1. Send messages that are smaller than the DI buffer size.
2. Interface at a lower baud rate [BD (Interface Data Rate) parameter] than the RF data rate.
If the module is receiving a continuous stream of RF data, any serial data that arrives on the DI
pin is placed in the DI Buffer. The data in the DI buffer will be transmitted over-the-air when the
module is no longer receiving RF data in the network.
1. If the RF data rate is set higher than the interface data rate of the module, the module will
receive data from the transmitting module faster than it can send the data to the host.
2. If the host does not allow the module to transmit data out from the DO buffer because of
being held off by hardware or software flow control.

XBee™/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules–ProductManualv1.0
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2.2. Modes of Operation
XBee/XBee-PRO RF Modules operate in five modes.
Figure2‐04. XBee/XBee‐PRORFModuleModesof
Operation
(TheRFModulesoperateinonemodeatatime.)
When not receiving or transmitting data, the RF mod-
ule is in Idle Mode. The RF module shifts into the other
modes of operation under the following conditions:
• Serial data is received in the DI Buffer
(Transmit Mode)
• Valid RF data is received through the antenna
(Receive Mode)
• Sleep Mode condition is met (Sleep Mode)
• Command Mode Sequence is issued
(Command Mode)
2.2.1. Sleep Mode
Sleep Modes enable the RF module to enter states of low-power consumption when not in use. In
order to enter Sleep Mode, one of the following conditions must be met (in addition to the module
having a non-zero SM parameter value):
• SLEEP (pin 9) is de-asserted.
• The module is idle (no data transmission or reception) for the amount of time defined by the
ST (Time before Sleep) parameter. [NOTE: ST is only active when SM = 4-8.]
The SM command is central to setting Sleep Mode configurations. By default, Sleep Modes are dis-
abled (SM = 0) and the module remains in Idle/Receive Mode. When in this state, the module is
constantly ready to respond to serial or RF activity.
Pin/Host-controlled Sleep Modes
Pin Hibernate (SM = 1)
• Pin/Host-controlled
• Typical power-down current: < 10 µA (@3.0 VCC)
• Wake-up time: 13.2 msec
Use this mode to wake a sleeping module by asserting SLEEP. Pin Hibernate Mode minimizes qui-
escent power (power consumed when in a state of rest or inactivity).
Pin Hibernate Mode is level-activated; when SLEEP is de-asserted, the module will finish any
transmitting or receiving activities, enter Idle Mode and then enter the state of sleep. The module
will not respond to either serial or RF activity while in pin sleep. The module will wake when SLEEP
is asserted and is ready to transmit or receive when the CTS line is low.
Table2‐01. SleepModeConfigurations
Sleep Mode
Setting
Transition into
Sleep Mode
Transition out of
Sleep Mode Characteristics Related Commands
Power
Consumption
Pin Hibernate
(SM = 1) De-assert SLEEP Assert SLEEP Pin/Host-controlled (SM) < 10 µA (@3.0 VCC)
Pin Doze
(SM = 2) De-assert SLEEP Assert SLEEP Pin/Host-controlled (SM) < 50 µA
Cyclic Sleep
(SM = 4 - 6)
Automatic transition to
Sleep Mode as defined by
the SM (Sleep Mode) and
ST (Time before Sleep)
parameters.
Transition occurs after the
cyclic sleep time interval
elapses. The time interval
is defined by the SP (Cyclic
Sleep Period) parameter.
RF Module wakes in
pre-determined time
intervals to detect if
RF data is present.
(SM), SP, ST < 50 µA
when sleeping

XBee™/XBee‐PROOEMRFModules–ProductManualv1.0
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Pin Doze (SM = 2)
• Pin/Host-controlled
• Typical power-down current: < 50 µA
• Wake-up time: 2 msec
Use this mode to wake a sleeping module by asserting SLEEP. This pin-controlled Sleep Mode min-
imizes wake-up time.
Pin Doze Mode is level-activated; when the SLEEP is de-asserted, the module will finish any trans-
mitting or receiving activities, enter Idle Mode and then enter the sleep state. The module will not
respond to either serial or RF activity while in pin sleep. The module will wake when SLEEP is
asserted and is ready to transmit or receive when the CTS line is low.
Cyclic Sleep Modes
Cyclic Sleep Remote (SM = 4)
• Typical Power-down Current: < 50 µA (when asleep)
• Wake-up time: 2 msec
Use this mode to have a module periodically check for data. Cyclic Sleep Mode configures the
module to sleep, then wake once a cycle to check for data from a module configured as a Cyclic
Sleep Coordinator (SM = 6). The Cyclic Sleep Remote sends a poll request to the coordinator at a
specific interval set by the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter. The coordinator will transmit any
queued data addressed to that specific remote upon receiving the poll request. If no data is
queued for the remote, the coordinator will not transmit and the remote will return to sleep for
another cycle. If queued data is transmitted back to the remote, it will stay awake to allow for
back and forth communication until the ST (Time before Sleep) timer expires.
Also note that CTS will go low each time the remote wakes, allowing for communication initiated
by the remote host if desired.
Cyclic Sleep Remote with Pin Wake-up (SM = 5)
Use this mode to wake a sleeping remote module through either the RF interface or by the asser-
tion of SLEEP for event-driven communications. The cyclic sleep mode works as described above
(SM = 4) with the addition of a pin-controlled wake-up at the remote module. The module will
wake quickly when a low is detected and set CTS low as soon as it is ready to transmit or receive.
Any activity will reset the ST (Time before Sleep) timer so the module will go back to sleep only
after SLEEP is de-asserted and there is no activity for the duration of the timer.
Cyclic Sleep Coordinator (SM = 6)
• Typical current = Receive current
• Always awake
Use this mode to configure a module to wake cyclic sleeping remotes through the RF interface. The
cyclic sleep coordinator will accept a message addressed to a specific remote 16 or 64-bit address
and hold it in a buffer until the remote wakes up and sends a poll to request the message. Mes-
sages that are not sent directly, must be buffered and requested are called "Indirect messages".
The coordinator will only queue one indirect message at a time. The coordinator will hold the indi-
rect message for a period 2.5 times the sleeping period indicated by the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)
parameter. The coordinator's SP parameter should be set to match the value used by the remotes.
Also, the ST parameters of the coordinator and remotes should be set to the same value because
the coordinator will track the 'awake' period of the recent 10 remotes to wake up. If the coordina-
tor receives additional messages addressed to a remote that should be awake, the coordinator will
send a direct message to that remote instead of queuing it. The coordinator is always awake so
that any remote unit can transmit either a poll request or a data message at any time.