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Piping recommendations
1. Use type K or L clean copper tubing. All joints should be
thoroughly cleaned or brazed with high temperature solder.
2. Piping sizes should be based on temperature/pressure
limitations as recommended in the following paragraphs.
Undernocircumstancesshouldpipesizebebasedstrictly
upon coil or condensing unit piping connection size.
3. Suction line piping pressure drop should not exceed the
pressure equivalent of 2°F (1°C), 3 psi (20.7 kPa) per 100
feet (30.5 m) of equivalent pipe length. After the suction
line size has been determined, the vertical suction risers
should be checked to verify that oil will be carried up the
riser and back to the compressor. The suction line(s)
should be pitched in the direction of refrigerant flow and
adequately supported. Lines should be free draining and
fullyinsulatedbetweentheevaporatorandthecompressor.
4. Verticalsuctionrisersshouldbechecked usingTable4to
determine the minimum tonnage required to carry oil up
suction risers of various sizes.
5. The liquid line should be sized for a pressure drop not to
exceed the pressure equivalent of 2°F (1°C), 6 psi (41.4
kPa) saturated temperature. The RDS unit includes a
factoryinstalledfilter-drier,solenoidvalve,andsightglass
in each liquid line, upstream of the thermostatic expan-
sion valve.
Table 4. Minimum tonnage (R-22) to carry oil up suction
riser at 40
°
F saturated suction
LINE SIZE
O.D. 11⁄8"1
3
⁄8"1
5
⁄8"2
1
⁄8"2
5
⁄8"3
1
⁄8"3
5
⁄8"4
1
⁄8"
MINIMUM
TONS 1.50 2.50 3.80 7.60 13.10 20.4 29.7 41.3
Note: When compressor minimum tonnage is less than shown in the above
table for a given line size, double suction risers will be required.
Leak testing
The field piping system should be checked for leaks prior to
charging. Leak testing must be performed to current EPA
standards and regulations. After making any necessary re-
pair, the system should be evacuated as described in the
following paragraphs.
Do not use oxygen to build up pressure.
A serious explosion could result from using oxygen to
build up pressure, resulting in severe personal injury or
death.
Evacuation
Afterithasbeendeterminedthattheunitistightandthereare
no refrigerant leaks, the system should be evacuated. The
use of a vacuum pump with a pumping capacity of approxi-
mately 3 cu.ft./min. and the ability to reduce the vacuum in
the unit to at least 1 millimeter (1000 microns) is recom-
mended.
1. A mercury manometer or an electronic or other type of
micron gauge should be connected to the unit at a point
remote from the vacuum pump. For readings below 1
millimeter, an electronic or other micron gauge should be
used.
2. The triple evacuation method is recommended and is
particularlyhelpfulifthevacuumpumpisunabletoobtain
the desired 1 millimeter of vacuum. The system is first
evacuated to approximately 29" (740 mm) of mercury.
Enough refrigerant vapor is then added to the system to
bring the pressure up to 0 pounds (0 microns).
3. Thenthesystemisonceagainevacuatedto29"(740mm)
of vacuum. This procedure is repeated three times. This
methodcanbemosteffectivebyholdingsystempressure
at0pounds (0 microns) for aminimumof 1 hour between
evacuations.Thefirstpulldownwillremoveabout90%of
the noncondensables, the second about 90% of that
remainingfromthefirstpulldown,afterthethird,only1/10
of 1% of noncondensables will remain.
Table 5 below shows the relationship between pressure,
microns, atmospheres, and the boiling point of water.
Table 5. Pressure-vacuum equivalents
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE ABOVE ZERO VACUUM BELOW 1 ATMOSPHERE APPROXIMATE BOILING POINT
MERCURY MERCURY FRACTION OF OF H2O AT EACH
MICRONS PSIA (MM) (IN.) 1 ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE (°F)
0 0 760.00 29.921 — —
50 0.001 759.95 29.920 1/15,200 –50
100 0.002 759.90 29.920 1/7,600 –40
150 0.003 759.85 29.920 1/5,100 –33
200 0.004 759.80 29.910 1/3,800 –28
300 0.006 759.70 29.910 1/2,500 –21
500 0.009 759.50 29.900 1/1,520 –12
1,000 0.019 759.00 29.880 1/760 1
2,000 0.039 758.00 29.840 1/380 15
4,000 0.078 756.00 29.760 1/189 29
6,000 0.117 754.00 29.690 1/127 39
8,000 0.156 752.00 29.600 1/95 46
10,000 0.193 750.00 29.530 1/76 52
15,000 0.290 745.00 29.330 1/50 63
20,000 0.387 740.00 29.130 1/38 72
30,000 0.580 730.00 28.740 1/25 84
50,000 0.967 710.00 27.950 1/15 101
100,000 1.930 660.00 25.980 2/15 125
200,000 3.870 560.00 22.050 1/4 152
500,000 9.670 260.00 10.240 2/3 192
760,000 14.697 0 0 1 Atmosphere 212
!
WARNING
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