MikroTik RouterBOARD 532 User manual

RouterBOARD 500 Series
User's Manual
Rev. L (31-Jan-2006)
Copyright
Cop right © 2003-2006 MikroTikls SIA. This manual contains information protected b cop right law. No
part of it ma be reproduced or transmitted in an form without prior written permission from the cop right
holder.
Trademarks
RouterBOARD, RouterOS, RouterBOOT and MikroTik are trademarks of MikroTikls SIA. All trademarks and
registered trademarks appearing in this manual are the propert of their respective holders.
Limited Warranty
Hardware. MikroTikls SIA warrants all RouterBOARD 500 series equipment for the term of one ear from
the shipping date to be free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service. All parts
will be repaired or replaced with similar or functionall equivalent parts b MikroTikls SIA during the
warrant term, except in case the returned parts have mechanical, electrical or other accidental or intended
damages caused b improper use or due to wind, rain, fire or other acts of nature.
Parts (or s stems) must be shipped pre-paid to our facilit in Riga, Latvia. All items must have a Return
Material Authorization (RMA) which ou can get b contacting us via email, telephone or fax. RMA must be
printed, signed, and enclosed with the shipment, also the RMA number must be written on the package
itself. Parts sent without following the proper procedure will be treated as those not to be repaired or
replaced due to the above mentioned conditions. Items proved to be free of defects in our lab will be
returned to the customer at the customer's expense. Those that do meet the warrant repair requirements
will be repaired or replaced, and returned to the customer's location at our expense, extending the warrant
term for the time the items are being shipped to and from our facilit and replaced or repaired.
Manual. This manual is provided “as is” without a warrant of an kind, expressed or implied, including, but
not limited to, the implied warrant of merchantabilit and fitness for a particular purpose. The manufacturer
has made ever effort to ensure the accurac of the contents of this manual, however, it is possible that it
ma contain technical inaccuracies, t pographical or other errors. No liabilit is assumed for an inaccurac
found in this publication, nor for direct or indirect, incidental, consequential or other damages that ma
result from such an inaccurac , including, but not limited to, loss of data or profits. Please report an
inaccuracies found to [email protected].
Caution
To avoid damage of the s stem, use the correct DC input voltage range.

RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
Table of Contents
Cop right.......................................................................................................................................1
Trademarks....................................................................................................................................1
Limited Warrant ............................................................................................................................1
Caution..........................................................................................................................................1
S stem Board View.........................................................................................................................3
S stem Board La out.......................................................................................................................4
Block Diagram................................................................................................................................4
Specifications.................................................................................................................................5
Daughterboard Options:..........................................................................................................5
Board Build Versions:..............................................................................................................5
Hardware Guide..............................................................................................................................6
Memor and Storage Devices...................................................................................................6
Onboard Memor ...........................................................................................................6
Onboard NAND Storage Device........................................................................................6
CompactFlash Interface..................................................................................................6
Extension Slots......................................................................................................................6
MiniPCI Slot..................................................................................................................6
Input/Output Ports..................................................................................................................6
LAN1 Port with PoE.........................................................................................................6
LAN2 Port.....................................................................................................................6
LAN3 Port.....................................................................................................................6
DB9 Serial Port..............................................................................................................7
LEDs.....................................................................................................................................7
Power LED....................................................................................................................7
User LED......................................................................................................................7
MiniPCI LEDs.................................................................................................................7
User's Guide...................................................................................................................................7
Assembling the Hardware........................................................................................................7
Powering...............................................................................................................................7
Booting options......................................................................................................................8
Onboard NAND Storage Device........................................................................................8
Internal Storage Device..................................................................................................8
Booting from network.....................................................................................................8
Operating S stem Support.......................................................................................................8
S stem Architecture.......................................................................................................8
MikroTik RouterOS.........................................................................................................9
Linux............................................................................................................................9
RouterBOOT...................................................................................................................................9
Boot Loader Configuration........................................................................................................9
Configurable Options....................................................................................................10
Changing CPU Frequenc .......................................................................................................10
Boot Loader Upgrading..........................................................................................................10
Appendix......................................................................................................................................12
Connector Index...................................................................................................................12
Jumper Index.......................................................................................................................14
Button Index........................................................................................................................14
Ethernet Cables....................................................................................................................14
Full Serial Null-modem (Console) Cable....................................................................................14
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RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
System Board View
RB532c: RouterBOARD 532 complete build
Top view Bottom view
RB532p1: RouterBOARD 532 low-power (12V) edition
Top view Bottom view
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RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
System Board Layout
Note: on the other side of the board, there is onl a MiniPCI connector, so no la out diagram shown.
Block iagram
4
CPU
Onboard RAM
Power
Supply
12/48V PoE
6..22/25..56V power ack
6..22/25..56V power header
GPIO pins
CF connector
Onboard Flash (NAND)
Serial port
User LED
100BaseTX port 1
(with PoE in)
PCI
Ethernet
Controller
100BaseTX port 2
2 MiniPCI slots
Daughterboard
connector
Ethernet
Controller
100BaseTX port 3

RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
Specifications
RouterBOAR 532
CPU MIPS32 4Kc based 266MHz (400MHz optional) embedded processor
Memory 32MB DDR onboard memor chip
Boot loader RouterBOOT, 1Mbit Flash chip
ata storage 64MB/128MB onboard NAND memor chip
CompactFlash t pe I/II slot (also supports IBM/Hitachi Microdrive)
Ethernet One IDT Korina 10/100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet port supporting Auto-MDI/X
Two VIA VT6105 10/100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet ports supporting Auto-MDI/X
MiniPCI slot Two MiniPCI T pe IIIA/IIIB slots
Serial port One DB9 RS232C as nchronous serial port
LE s Power, 2 LED pairs for MiniPCI slots, 1 user LED
Watchdog IDT internal SoC hardware watchdog timer
Power options IEEE802.3af Power over Ethernet: 12V or 48V DC mode
Power jack/header 6..22V or 25..56V DC jumper selectable
imensions 14.0 cm x 14.0 cm (5.51 in x 5.51 in)
Weight 140 g (4.9 oz)
Temperature Operational: -20°C to +70°C (-4°F to 158°F)
Humidity Operational: 70% relative humidit (non-condensing)
Power consumption 2-3W without extension cards. Maximum – 4.25 (14W) with base voltage 3.3V
Daughterboard Options:
RouterBOAR 564 RouterBOAR 502
Ethernet Six VIA VT6105 10/100 Mbit/s Fast
Ethernet ports supporting Auto-MDI/X No Ethernet ports
MiniPCI slot Four MiniPCI T pe IIIA/IIIB slots Two MiniPCI T pe IIIA/IIIB slots
Board Build Versions:
●RB532c – complete build with all connectors except the telecom power header
●RB532p1 – no high voltage support (no transformer); no daughterboard connector; no telecom
power header
●RB532A – same as RB532c, but with RAM upgrade to 64MB DDR onboard
●RB511 – no high voltage support (no transformer); one Ethernet port; one MiniPCI slot; no
daughterboard and CF connector; no telecom power header
●RB512 – no high voltage support (no transformer); one Ethernet port; two MiniPCI slot; no
daughterboard and CF connector; no telecom power header
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RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
Hardware Guide
Memory and Storage Devices
Onboard Memory
The boards are equipped with one 32MB DDR memor chip. RB532A build version has 64MB DDR memor
chip onboard.
Onboard N ND Storage Device
The boards are equipped with one 64MB (replaced with 128MB on later builds) NAND nonvolatile memor
chip.
CompactFlash Interface
You can use an CompactFlash T pe I or II cards, as well as IBM/Hitachi Microdrive hard drives. Warning!
The RouterBOAR 500 series boards do not support hot insert of CompactFlash/Microdrive
devices.
Extension Slots
MiniPCI Slot
MiniPCI T pe IIIA slot has 3.3V onl power signaling. This slot also accepts MiniPCI T pe IIIB standard cards.
Supplied power (shared between all the devices installed on or connected to the RouterBOARD):
+3.3V: 4.25A (14W)
Input/Output Ports
L N1 Port with PoE
This Fast Ethernet port is recognized as first LAN interface in most OSs. It is full compatible with
IEEE802.3af Power over Ethernet standard and passive PoE (non-standard). The board accepts either 12 or
48 V DC input voltage according to the configuration. To use standard PoE power option on this interface,
JP3 and JP4 must be switched to the 1-2 position and JP5 and JP6 must be switched to the 2-3 position.
The PoE input can also be switched to 12V non-standard PoE powering (switching JP3, JP4, JP5 and JP6 to
the 2-3 position). CAUTION! If JP3 and JP4 are switched to the 2-3 position, and a standard (48V)
PoE injector is used, the board will be irreparably broken and exchange will not be covered by the
warranty.
The RouterBOARD 51 power injector ma be used to power the board with up to 100m (330 ft) long
Ethernet cable.
See Connector Index for pinout of the standard cable required for PoE. All cables made to EIA/TIA 568A/B
cable specifications will work correctl with PoE. Note that this port supports automatic cross/straight cable
correction (Auto MDI/X), so ou can use either straight or cross-over cable for connecting to other network
devices.
L N2 Port
This Fast Ethernet port is recognized as second LAN interface in most OSs. This port does not support Power
over Ethernet. CAUTION! You may seriously damage the board by connecting PoE injector to this
port.
See Connector Index for pinout of the standard cable. Note that this port supports automatic
cross/straight cable correction (Auto MDI/X), so ou can use either straight or cross-over cable for
connecting to other network devices.
L N3 Port
This Fast Ethernet port is recognized as third LAN interface in most Oss. This port does not support Power
over Ethernet. CAUTION! You may seriously damage the board by connecting PoE injector to this
port.
See Connector Index for pinout of the standard cable. Note that this port supports automatic
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RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
cross/straight cable correction (Auto MDI/X), so ou can use either straight or cross-over cable for
connecting to other network devices.
DB9 Serial Port
The RS232C standard male DB9 as nchronous serial port ma be used for initial configuration, or for
attaching a modem or an other RS232 serial device. TxD (pin 3) of this port has -12V DC power when idle.
LEDs
Power LED
LED is on when the board is powered
User LED
User LED ma be programmed at user's option. See RouterBOAR 500 S K for more details.
MiniPCI LEDs
2 pairs of MiniPCI LEDs are connected to MiniPCI slots (two LEDs per slot) according to standards.
User's Guide
ssembling the Hardware
First to use the board:
●In most cases ou do not need to use an additional boot devices, as ou can boot the RouterBOARD
from the onboard NAND memor . You can also install a CompactFlash module or Microdrive hard drive,
which ou can use as an alternative boot device or an additional storage medium. Warning! The
RouterBOAR 500 series does not support hot insert of CompactFlash/Microdrive devices.
●Configure jumpers. The board should have 4 jumpers alread set in some positions. Be ver careful
setting the jumpers as ou can permanentl damage the board should ou set them incorrectl . See
the following section on how to choose the correct setting. Also the Jumper Index chapter of this
manual describes all possible jumper positions
●Insert MiniPCI cards on the board itself, and on the Daughterboard if ou have one
●Install the board in a case. Connect and secure the Daughterboard on top of it if ou have one
●Connect other peripherals and cables
You can also order a pre-assembled s stem with RouterBOARD and extension cards of our choice alread
installed in a case.
Powering
Power options:
●J13 power jack:
6..22V or 25..56V DC
●J14 power header:
6..22V or 25..56V DC (including -48V telecom power)
●IEEE802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) on the first Ethernet port:
48V DC
12V DC non-standard PoE powering support
RouterBOARD 500 series boards are equipped with a reliable 14W onboard power suppl that accepts a wide
range of input voltage. The board has a power jack (5.5mm outside and 2mm inside diameter, female, pin
positive plug) and a power header wired seriall (it is not recommended to connect power to both power
header and power jack simultaneousl ). JP3 and JP4 choose input voltage (1-2 for 25..56V DC, 2-3 for
6..22V DC). Note that because of wire resistance, PoE requires higher voltage (it is recommended to use
11V minimum). CAUTION! If JP3 and JP4 are switched to the 2-3 position, and a higher voltage
(e.g. 48V) power adapter or a standard PoE injector is used, the board will be irreparably broken
and exchange will not be covered by warranty.
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RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
On high-voltage jumper position, in order to power the board with voltage lower than approximatel 30V
DC, ou ma need to close the JP7 PoE control jumper, located near the S1 button. Note that onl the
RB532c build version accepts 25..56V DC powering.
To power the board from -48V telecom power lines (or an other negative voltage within the supported
range), connect GND power wire to the positive contact of the J14, and -48V wire to the negative contact.
Positive contact is the nearest to the power jack square (◘) contact on the power header.
RouterBOARD 500 series boards are compliant with IEEE802.3af Power over Ethernet standard and accept
48V powering over up to 100m (330 ft) long Ethernet cable connected to the first Ethernet port (J6 or J12).
JP5 and JP6 jumpers choose whether to accept power form PoE-enabled Ethernet port (position 2-3) or from
the power jack/header (position 1-2). The board also accepts 12V DC (or an other within the 11..22V
range) non-standard PoE input voltage (see note above on how to use it).
Booting options
First, RouterBOOT loader is started. It displa s some useful information on the onboard RS232C
as nchronous serial port, which is set to 115200bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parit , hardware (RTS/CTS)
flow control b default. The loader ma be configured to boot the s stem from the onboard NAND module,
an internal storage device, or from Ethernet network. See the respective section of this manual for how to
configure booting sequence and other boot loader parameters.
Onboard N ND Storage Device
The RouterBOARD ma be started from the onboard NAND storage chip. As there is no partition table on the
device, the boot loader assumes the first 4MiB form a YAFFS files stem, and executes the file called “kernel”
stored in the root director on that partition. It is possible to partition the rest of the medium b patching
the kernel source.
Internal Storage Device
The RouterBOARD ma be started from a CompactFlash module or a Microdrive hard drive. At least two
partitions must exist on the device, first of which being the ELF image the board is to be booted from
(normall , it is a Linux kernel, appended with the kernparm ELF section that specifies the root partition
name and, optionall , other kernel parameters of our choice).
Booting from network
Network boot works similarl to PXE or EtherBoot protocol, and allows ou to boot the RouterBOARD 500
series computer from an executable image stored on a TFTP server. It uses BOOTP or DHCP (configurable in
boot loader) protocol to get a valid IP address, and TFTP protocol to download an executable (ELF) kernel
image combined with the initial RAM disk (inserted as an ELF section) to boot from (the server's IP address
and the image name must be sent b the BOOTP/DHCP server).
To boot the RouterBOARD computer from Ethernet network ou need the following:
●An ELF kernel image for the loader to boot from ( ou can embed the kernel parameters and initrd
image as ELF sections called kernparm and initrd respectivel )
●A TFTP server which to download the image from
●A BOOTP/DHCP server (ma be installed on the same machine as the TFTP server) to give an IP
address, TFTP server address and boot image name
See the RouterBOOT section on how to configure loader to boot from network.
Note that ou must connect the RouterBOARD ou want to boot, and the BOOTP/DHCP and TFTP servers to
the same broadcast domain (i.e., there must not be an routers between them).
Operating System Support
System rchitecture
RouterBOARD 500 series embedded boards are full compatible with the standard MIPS32 architecture with
PCI bus.
CPU. RouterBOARD 500 series has MIPS32 little-endian based embedded processor using MIPS 4Kc CPU
core. It is full binar -compatible with all software developed for MIPS32 little-endian (mipsel) instruction
set architecture. The MIPS 4Kc core includes TLB Memor Management Unit and does not include Float Point
Unit (so it is optimized for integer operations).
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RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
Ethernet. RouterBOARD 500 series has three onboard Ethernet ports. The first port is controlled b IDT
Korina MAC embedded in the CPU and ADMtek PHY chip. The second and the third Ethernet ports are
controlled b VIA VT6105 integrated MAC/PHY chips.
The RouterBOAR 500 S K describes programming LE , Watchdog, JP1 jumper and S1 button.
MikroTik RouterOS
MikroTik RouterOS (special RouterBOARD 500 edition, starting from version 2.9) is full compatible with
RouterBOARD 500 series embedded boards.
No additional patches required.
Linux
RouterBOOT is tested to boot DELO Linux loader (other Linux loaders ma also work). Linux kernel 2.4 was
tested.
A special Linux kernel patch is needed for the board to boot and work correctl . It is available from
www.routerboard.com
RouterBOOT
The RouterBOOT firmware (also referred as “boot loader” here) provides minimal functionalit to boot an
Operating S stem. It supports serial console via the onboard serial port at the boot time. The loader
supports booting from the onboard NAND device, CompactFlash or IBM Microdrive, and from a network
server (see the respective section for details on this protocol).
Supported OSs:
●MikroTik RouterOS starting with version 2.9
●GNU/Linux
Boot Loader Configuration
Loader parameters ma be configured through the onboard RS232C DB9 as nchronous serial interface. To
connect to it, use a standard null-modem cable. B default, the port is set to 115200bit/s, 8 data bits, 1
stop bit, no parit , hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control. Note that some null-modem cables do not implement
or implement incompletel the hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control, so it is suggested to tr to disable
hardware flow control in the terminal emulation program in case the serial console does not work as
expected, and if it does not help, make a new cable using the pinout given in the Appendix.
To enter the loader configuration screen, press an ke (or onl [Delete] ke (or [Backspace] ke – see the
note for the respective configurable option), depending on the actual configuration) just after the loader is
asking for it:
RouterBOOT booter 1.0beta1
RouterBoard 500
CPU frequency: 333 MHz
Memory ize: 32 MB
Pre any key within 5 econd to enter etup
RouterBOOT-1.0beta1
What do you want to configure?
d - boot delay
k - boot key
- erial con ole
o - boot device
m - memory te t
u - cpu mode
f - try cpu frequency
c - keep cpu frequency
r - re et configuration
g - upgrade firmware
i - board info
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RouterBOARD 500 Series User's Manual
p - boot protocol
t - do memory te ting
x - exit etup
your choice:
To select a menu point, press the ke written at the beginning of this line. Pressing [Enter] selects the option
marked with '*'.
Configurable Options
boot delay – how much time to wait for a ke stroke while booting (1..10 seconds; 1 second b default).
boot key – which ke will cause the loader to enter configuration mode during boot delay (an ke |
<Delete> ke onl ; any key b default). Note that in some serial terminal programs, it is impossible to use
the [Delete] ke to enter the setup – in this case it might be possible to do this with the [Backspace] ke .
serial console – to configure initial serial console bitrate (1200 | 2400 | 4800 | 9600 | 19200 | 38400 |
57600 | 115200; 115200 bps b default).
boot device – initial boot device (Etherboot | boot from NAND | boot from CF | boot Ethernet once, then
NAND | boot Ethernet once, then CF; boot from NAN b default). You can also select boot chosen
device option to boot from the device selected immediatel , without saving the setting.
memory test – whether to test all the RAM during boot procedure ( es | no; no b default). Enabling this
option ma cause longer boot process.
cpu mode – whether to enter CPU suspend mode on HTL instruction (power save | regular; power save b
default). Most OSs use HLT instruction during CPU idle c cle. When CPU is in suspend mode, it consumes
less power, but in low-temperature conditions (below 0°C) it is recommended to choose regular mode, so
that overall s stem temperature would be higher.
try cpu frequency – tr this CPU frequenc on the next power c cle (199MHz | 266MHz | 333MHz;
266MHz b default). Note that the J1 jumper is marked on the board as to select CPU frequenc , however it
has no effect and the onl wa to control CPU frequenc is using this boot loader setting.
keep cpu frequency – permanentl set the current CPU frequenc (not the one set, but the one actuall
active).
reset configuration – whether to reset all the boot loader settings to their respective default values ( es |
no; no b default).
upgrade firmware – receive a new boot loader image using XModem protocol over serial line or using
DHCP/BOOTP and TFTP protocols through the Ethernet network (upgrade firmware over ethernet | upgrade
firmware over serial port).
board info – prints the serial number, boot loader version, CPU frequenc , memor size and MAC addresses
of the onboard Ethernet ports
boot protocol – network booting protocol (bootp protocol | dhcp protocol; bootp protocol b default).
do memory testing – performs a full memor test.
Changing CPU Frequency
B default, the RouterBOARD 500 series boards are equipped with 266MHz processors, which ma be
overclocked to 333MHz with a var ing degree of success (no guarantees). The boards that are tested to
work on 400MHz must be especiall ordered, and our abilit to provide them, as well as schedule depends
on the demand for this factor option.
The bootloader is made so that ou must first tr a different frequenc before it could be set permanentl ,
and if ou do not appl a frequenc permanentl , it would fall back to the previous setting on the next power
c cle. It is still possible, however, that the board is not working properl on the frequenc ou've applied, so
the default (266MHz) CPU frequenc can be restored. To do that, power the board with the S1 button
pressed, then unplug the power, and when ou will turn the board on again, it will have CPU frequenc set to
266MHz temporaril , so ou will have to appl that frequenc b issuing the keep cpu frequency command
in the loader configuration prompt.
Boot Loader Upgrading
The boot loader is needed to initialize all the hardware and boot the s stem up. Newer loader versions might
have support for more hardware, so it's generall a good idea to upgrade the loader once a newer version is
available. You can upgrade the loader through the onboard serial port using XModem protocol (programs
10