MKS Newport 1580-A User manual

HIGH-SPEED PHOTORECEIVERS
MODELS 1580-A, 1544-A, 1580-B, 1544-B, 1484-A-50 AND
1474-A
HIGH-SPEED DETECTORS
MODELS 1014, 1024, 1414 AND 1444
User Manual
PART 90063253. REV A
FAX: [phone]
E-MAIL: [e-mail]
WWW.NEWPORT.COM
1791 DEERE AVENUE
IRVINE, CA 92606
[phone] OR [phone]

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Copyright © 2023 by MKS Instruments, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or
retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted in writing by MKS Instruments, Inc.
mksinst™is a trademark of MKS Instruments, Inc.
The New Focus logo and symbol are registered trademarks of MKS Instruments, Inc.

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Table of Contents
List of Figures and Tables .........................................................................................................................5
1Warranty ...............................................................................................................................................6
1.1 Limitation of Warranty .................................................................................................................6
2Safety Information ................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Safety Procedures and Precautions ...........................................................................................7
2.2 Symbols Used in This Instruction Manual...................................................................................7
3Operation ..............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................8
3.1.1 Photoreceivers (Amplified Photodiodes)..............................................................................8
3.1.2 DC-coupled ..........................................................................................................................9
3.1.3 Photodetectors (Unamplified Photodiodes) .........................................................................9
3.1.4 Mechanical/Optical Description ...........................................................................................9
3.2 Handling Precautions ................................................................................................................12
3.3 Powering and Connecting the Photodetector/Photoreceiver ....................................................13
3.3.1 Connecting the Power Supply and Bias Monitor ...............................................................13
3.3.2 Battery Check for Units with Internal Batteries ..................................................................14
3.3.3 DC-coupled Modules .........................................................................................................14
3.3.4 Connecting the Optical Input to the Receiver ....................................................................14
4Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................15
4.1 Possible Problems and Solutions..............................................................................................15
4.1.1 Low Gain: ...........................................................................................................................15
4.1.2 Slow Response: .................................................................................................................15

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4.1.3 Little or No Response: .......................................................................................................15
4.2 Checking the Dark Voltage .......................................................................................................15
4.3 Basic Optical Test .....................................................................................................................17
5Specifications .....................................................................................................................................18
5.1 12-GHz AC-coupled Photoreceivers .........................................................................................18
5.2 12-GHz DC-coupled Photoreceivers.........................................................................................19
5.3 22 and 38-GHz Photoreceivers.................................................................................................20
5.4 25-GHz Photodetectors.............................................................................................................21
5.5 45-GHz Photodetectors.............................................................................................................22
5.6 12- and 18.5-ps Photodetectors................................................................................................23
6Customer Service ...............................................................................................................................25
6.1 Technical Support .....................................................................................................................25
6.2 Service ......................................................................................................................................25
7Appendices.........................................................................................................................................26
7.1 Microwave Connectors..............................................................................................................26
7.2 Replacing the Battery................................................................................................................26
7.3 Difference between a Time-domain-optimized Detector and a Frequency-domain-optimized
Detector ..............................................................................................................................................27
7.4 DC-coupled Photoreceivers Crossover Region ........................................................................29

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List of Figures and Tables
Figure 1: Models 1580-B, 1544-B, and 1544-B-50..................................................................................10
Figure 2: Models 1580-A, 1544-A, 1544-A-50.........................................................................................10
Figure 3: Models 1414, 1414-50, 1014, 1024, 1444, and 1444-50 .........................................................11
Figure 4: Models 1484-A-50 and 1474-A ................................................................................................11
Figure 5: Side and back view. (Note that the battery operated modules will not have the power
connector on the side.) ............................................................................................................................12
Figure 6. Frequency-Domain vs. Time-Domain: (A) Detectors designed for flat frequency response
have enhanced responsivities at high frequencies. (B) Detectors that are optimized for clean, ring-free
pulses show a characteristic drop off in 3-dB frequency response. ........................................................27
Figure 7. Time-Domain Optimized: This is the impulse response of a detector that is optimized for the
time domain. You can see the characteristic frequency response in the figure above. ..........................28
Figure 8. Frequency-Domain Optimized: This is the impulse response of a detector that is optimized for
a flat frequency response. You can see the corresponding frequency response in figure above. .........28
Figure 9. Example crossover behavior for DC-coupled receivers...........................................................29
Table 1. 12 GHz AC-coupled Photoreceivers .........................................................................................18
Table 2. 12 GHz DC-coupled Photoreceivers .........................................................................................19
Table 3. 22 and 38 GHz Photoreceivers .................................................................................................20
Table 4. 25 GHz Photodetectors .............................................................................................................21
Table 5. 45 GHz Photodetectors .............................................................................................................22
Table 6. 12- and 18.5-ps Photodetectors ................................................................................................23

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1 Warranty
Newport Corporation warrants that this product will be free from defects in material and workmanship
and will comply with Newport’s published specifications at the time of sale for a period of one year from
date of shipment. If found to be defective during the warranty period, the product will either be repaired
or replaced at Newport's option. To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Newport office or
representative, or contact Newport headquarters in Irvine, California. You will be given prompt
assistance and return instructions. Send the product, freight prepaid, to the indicated service facility.
Repairs will be made and the instrument returned freight prepaid. Repaired products are warranted for
the remainder of the original warranty period or 90 days, whichever first occurs.
1.1 Limitation of Warranty
The above warranties do not apply to products which have been repaired or modified without Newport’s
written approval, or products subjected to unusual physical, thermal or electrical stress, improper
installation, misuse, abuse, accident or negligence in use, storage, transportation or handling. This
warranty also does not apply to fuses, batteries, or damage from battery leakage. THIS WARRANTY IS
IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. NEWPORT
CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE PURCHASE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS.
CAUTION These photodetectors and photoreceivers are sensitive to electrostatic
discharges and could be permanently damaged if subjected to any
discharges. Ground yourself adequately prior to handling these
detectors or making connections. A ground strip provides the most
effective grounding and minimizes the likelihood of electrostatic
damage.
This manual has been provided for information only and product specifications are subject to change
without notice. Any change will be reflected in future printings.

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2 Safety Information
2.1 Safety Procedures and Precautions
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation of this
instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual
violates safety standards of intended use of the instrument and may impair the protection provided by
the equipment. MKS Instruments, Inc. assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with
these requirements.
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT
Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the instrument. Return the
instrument to an MKS Calibration and Service Center for service and repair to ensure that all safety
features are maintained.
SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY
Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal
adjustments must be made by qualified service personnel only.
2.2 Symbols Used in This Instruction Manual
Definitions of, NOTE, CAUTION, WARNING and DANGER messages used throughout the manual.
NOTE The NOTE sign denotes important information. It calls attention to a
procedure, practice, condition, or the like, which is essential to
highlight.
CAUTION The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of all or part of the
product.
WARNING The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,
practice, condition, on the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in injury to personnel.
DANGER The DANGER sign Indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if
not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

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3 Operation
3.1 Introduction
High-speed and ultrahigh-speed measurements of optical waveforms are easy with the Newport,
formerly New Focus, photoreceiver/photodetector modules. These modules convert optical signals to
electrical signals and can be used to provide every high-speed/high-frequency instrument in your lab
an optical input. The small size of the modules allows you to connect them directly to your test
instrument, amplifier if needed, or another high-speed component. This eliminates the need to follow
the photoreceiver with coaxial cables, which can distort time-domain waveforms and attenuate CW
microwave signals. The optical signal is delivered to the photodiode in the module through a single-
mode or multimode optical fiber.
3.1.1 Photoreceivers (Amplified Photodiodes)
For the photoreceiver models, the photodiode is followed by a low-noise, linear, high-bandwidth
amplifier. This combines gain and low noise to reduce the input-referred noise floor of your system and
maintains linearity at high output levels, providing a high dynamic range. The high output level also
facilitates operation with logic circuits. The high-speed amplifier, which follows the photodiode,
produces a clean impulse response with minimal ringing. This is ideal for digital communication
measurements. Most receivers have a negative conversion gain due to the inverting amplifier used-if
you are using an oscilloscope and would like to see a positive output, an inverting function can be
used.
CAUTION Only qualified individuals should perform the installation and any
adjustments. They must comply with all the necessary ESD and
handling precautions while installing and adjusting the instrument.
Proper handling is essential when working with all highly sensitive
precision electronic instruments.
NOTE Do not discard any packing materials unless you have completed your
inspection and are sure the unit arrived safely.

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3.1.2 DC-coupled
For DC-coupled receivers, the DC coupling is achieved by summing the signal’s DC component with
the high-speed AC component at the output of an AC-coupled high-speed transimpedance amplifier.
The gain of the DC path is set equal to that of the AC path and temperature compensated so that
extinction ratios may be accurately measured.
3.1.3 Photodetectors (Unamplified Photodiodes)
Frequency Domain Optimized
Applications that rely on transmitting signals at RF and microwave frequencies benefit from detectors
with flat frequency responses and improved response at higher frequencies. These applications include
linear fiber-optic transmission to and from remote antennas for communication satellites, wireless
cellular networks, and cable television. Since the time-domain response is not critical in these
applications, the impulse response can have ringing. In particular, Models 1414 and 1014 detectors are
frequency domain optimized to provide especially flat frequency responses over wide bandwidth.
Time Domain Optimized
If you need accurate reproduction of your signal in the time domain, choose Model 1444 or 1024 time-
domain optimized detectors. These models provide clean, fast impulse responses with minimal ringing,
and are ideal for pulse measurements with digital high-speed oscilloscopes. Moreover, they can be
used in digital communications applications, where spurious ringing can degrade eye diagrams and the
bit-error-rate (BER) measurement of your system. And, because these detectors are internally
terminated at 50 Ω, you won’t have to worry about any reflections between the detector and filter for
standardized BER testing with SDH and SONET filters.
Internal 9-V Battery
Models 1414, 1014, 1444, and 1024 combine an internal 9-V battery with the bias circuitry which make
these self-contained, eliminating the need for an external power supply and reducing the possibility of
photodiode damage due to overvoltage.
3.1.4 Mechanical/Optical Description
A gold-plated microwave housing inside the module contains the high-frequency circuitry. This housing
is bolted to a printed-circuit board which regulates the bias for the high frequency components and
amplifiers the DC photocurrent for the monitor port. The optical signal is brought from the front-panel
connector to the microwave housing using the appropriate fiber. In models with single-mode fiber input,
the optical signal is delivered to the PIN photodiode through a 9-µm core optical fiber. For multimode
input the signal is delivered through a 50- µm (or 62.5- µm) core graded-index multimode fiber.
For 12 GHz models and faster, an internal lens focuses the light onto the small high-speed PIN
photodiode. In modules with a battery, the fiber is protected by a sheet metal flange to prevent damage
while replacing the battery.

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Newport offers several photodetectors and photoreceivers, allowing you to match the wavelength,
bandwidth, and fiber type of your application.
Figure 1: Models 1580-B, 1544-B, and 1544-B-50
Figure 2: Models 1580-A, 1544-A, 1544-A-50

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Figure 3: Models 1414, 1414-50, 1014, 1024, 1444, and 1444-50
Figure 4: Models 1484-A-50 and 1474-A

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Figure 5: Side and back view. (Note that the battery operated modules will not have the power connector on the side.)
3.2 Handling Precautions
CAUTION These photodetectors and photoreceivers are sensitive to electrostatic
discharges and could be permanently damaged if subjected to any
discharges. Ground yourself adequately prior to handling these
detectors or making connections. A ground strip provides the most
effective grounding and minimizes the likelihood of electrostatic
damage.
The detector is sensitive to electrostatic discharges and could be permanently damaged if subjected to
even to small discharges. Wherever handling, make sure to follow these precautions:
•Follow standard electrostatic-discharge precautions, including grounding yourself prior to handling
the detector or making connections—even small electrostatic discharges could permanently
damage the detector. A ground strap provides the most effective grounding and minimizes the
likelihood of electrostatic damage.
•Do not over-torque the microwave K-connector. Excessive torque can damage connectors.
•Make sure the optical connector is clean and undamaged before connecting it to the detector
module.

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3.3 Powering and Connecting the Photodetector/Photoreceiver
3.3.1 Connecting the Power Supply and Bias Monitor
1. Prior to handling the detector, ground yourself with a grounding strap to prevent electrostatic
damage to the module.
2. Connect the power cable to your disabled power supply. Two power cables were included with
the receiver; use the appropriate cable for your power supply.
Connecting to a Newport 0901 power supply:using the appropriate cable, connect one end
of the cable to one of the power supply’s 300 mA outputs, and the other end to the module. If
the 300-mA outputs are in use, the 300 mA banana-plug output can also be used with the
appropriate cable. On older 0901’s, the 100 mA banana-plug output can provide enough
current for certain models. Check the current rating for your specific model in the Power
Requirements section of the specifications table.
Connecting to another power supply:
Use the cable with the three-pin power connector on one end and three banana plugs on the
other end. Be careful to connect the banana plugs to the power supply as follows; connect the
red plug to a +15-V source; connect the black plug to a -15 V source; connect the green plug to
the common or ground of the two sources. The +/- 15 V sources must be able to provide at
least the required current for your specific model. Connect the three-pin power connector to the
module.
3. Microwave Connection and Setup
a. Connect the photoreceiver module’s K-connector to a test instrument of component
that has a 50 Ωinput impedance. If necessary, use a high-frequency cable (best
performance is achieved without a cable).
b. To avoid connector damage and signal distortion, be sure that the cable and the
instrument you intend to connector to the module have compatible connectors. See
Appendix: Microwave Connectors.
4. After connecting to the supply, enable or turn on the supply. While the module can handle any
power-on sequence, it is recommended that both positive and negative be turned on together.
5. If desired, connect the Bias Monitor port to a voltmeter and observe the voltage level with no
optical input. This dark voltage should be < 10 mV. Changes from the dark level will be
proportional to photocurrent and will provide a low frequency indication of signal strength.
NOTE If you are coupling light into a fiber, use the voltmeter to monitor the
photocurrent to help optimize the coupling.

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3.3.2 Battery Check for Units with Internal Batteries
1. Turn on power using the On/Off switch.
2. Connect a voltmeter to the Bias Monitor SMA connector.
3. Press the Batt Chk button. Per the table below, replace the battery if the voltage falls below the
replacement threshold.
Model Replacement
Threshold
1014 2.8 V
1024
1414(-50)
1444(-50)
3.5 V
4. When finished using the module, turn off power to preserve battery life.
3.3.3 DC-coupled Modules
The 1580-B, 1544-B, and the 1544-B-50 have a front panel switch to select either the DC- or AC-
coupled electrical output. The DC-coupled mode is indicated by a red light while the AC-coupled mode
is indicated by a green light.
3.3.4 Connecting the Optical Input to the Receiver
Be aware that if your fiber is multimode at the operation wavelength then excessive fiber length can
lead to signal distortion. If you have the multimode “-50” model, use 50/125 μm graded index fiber. If
you have model 1580-A, or 1580-B use 62.5/125 μm graded index fiber.
1. Before connecting to the photoreceiver, verify the power in the fiber is within the safe operating
range.
2. Make sure the fiber is clean and undamaged, then connect the fiber-optic cable to the module’s
input.

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4 Troubleshooting
4.1 Possible Problems and Solutions
4.1.1 Low Gain:
Verify that the power supply has sufficient voltage and current capability.
If your output signal is lower than expected, a dirty input fiber may be causing the problem. See “Basic
Optical Test” below and verify that the input fiber is clean. The photodiode can be damaged by
electrostatic discharge or excessive optical power, which leads to an increased dark voltage. A
damaged photodiode can result in excess leakage current, lower responsivity, or a slower
frequency/impulse response. See “Checking the Dark Voltage,” below. A damaged photodiode must be
replaced by Newport.
Severe mechanical shock may misalign the optics and lower the responsivity. See “Basic Optical Test”
below. If dirty fiber tips have been ruled out, then the module must be repaired by Newport.
4.1.2 Slow Response:
Verify that the power supply has sufficient voltage and current capability.
If the frequency or time domain response is slower than expected, then most likely the photodiode or
amplifier is damaged. See “Checking the Dark Voltage,” below. A damaged photodiode must be
replaced by Newport. If the dark voltage is okay, then the problem is most likely a damaged amplifier
and the module must be repaired by Newport.
Severe mechanical shock may misalign the optics. If the frequency response drops excessively from a
low frequency up to several gigahertz (or if the time response has a slow component) then
misalignment is a possibility, and the module must be repaired by Newport.
4.1.3 Little or No Response:
Verify that the power supply has sufficient voltage and current capability.
After ruling out a dirty or defective fiber and making sure there is no loss due mismatch of input fiber
core diameter, a damaged component is the most likely cause. The module must be repaired by
Newport.
For assistance in troubleshooting or arranging for a repair, please see the “Customer Service” section
of this manual.
4.2 Checking the Dark Voltage
1. With no light entering the module, turn on power to the detector.
2. Use a voltmeter to measure the Bias Monitor output voltage. This voltage is the dark voltage.

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3. If the dark voltage is >10 mV, then the photodiode may be damaged and may need to be
repaired by Newport. It is possible the module will still operate well with a voltage only
somewhat higher than 10 mV. The user may wish to continue using the module and monitor
this voltage to see if it degrades.

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4.3 Basic Optical Test
To quickly test your receive, run this simple optical test.
1. Turn the receiver on.
2. Using a voltmeter or oscilloscope, measure the output voltage from the Bias Monitor on the
front panel of the module. With no light input, the Bias Monitor voltage should be < 10 mV.
3. Illuminate the photodetector.
4. With the voltmeter or oscilloscope, you should observe a DC output voltage. If you know the
optical power and wavelength, you can calculate the expected output voltage (Vout) using the
expression:
Vout = Pin • R• G,
where Pin is the input optical power (Watts), Ris the photodiode’s responsivity (A/W) found on
the datasheet shipped with the unit and Gis the Bias Monitor’s transimpedance gain, 1 V/mA.
If the measured voltage is substantially less than expected, the module may need to be
returned to MKS for repair.

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5 Specifications
5.1 12-GHz AC-coupled Photoreceivers
Table 1. 12 GHz AC-coupled Photoreceivers
Model Unit 1580-A 1544-A 1544-A-50
Wavelength Range nm 780-870 500-1630 780-16301
Bandwidth, 3-dB, typ / min GHz 12 / 10.5 12 / 10.5 12 / 10.5
Low-Frequency Cutoff kHz 10 10 10
Risetime, 10-90% ps 32 32 32
Conversion Gain2,typ/max V/W -550 / -450 -900 / -800 -800 / -700
NEP2pW/rt(Hz) 42 24 27
Output Noise mVrms 2.9 2.8 2.8
Saturation Power2mW 1.5 0.7 0.7
Maximum Safe Input2,5 mW 3 2 2
Output Impedance Ohm 50 50 50
Bias-Monitor Gain V/mA 1 1 1
Bias-Monitor Bandwidth kHz 50 50 50
Bias-Monitor Output
Impedance Ohm 10k 10k 10k
Power Requirements6+/-15 V, 200 mA +/-15 V, 200 mA +/-15 V, 200 mA
Detector Type GaAs InGaAs InGaAs
Output Connector Anritsu K Anritsu K Anritsu K
Input Connector FC/PC FC/PC FC/PC
Input Fiber 62.5-μm MM SM 50-μm MM
Operating Temperature,
min/max
°C 10/35 10/35 10/35

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5.2 12-GHz DC-coupled Photoreceivers
Table 2. 12 GHz DC-coupled Photoreceivers
Model Unit 1580-B 1544-B 1544-B-50
Wavelength Range nm 780-870 500-1630 780-16301
Bandwidth, 3-dB
(DC coupled) , typ /
min
GHz DC to 12 / 10.5 DC to 12 / 10.5 DC to 12 / 10.5
Low-Frequency
Cutoff (AC coupled) kHz 10 10 10
Risetime, 10-90%
ps 32 32 32
Conversion Gain2, typ/max
V/W -550 / -450 -900 / -800 -800 / -700
NEP2
pW/rt(Hz) 42 24 27
Output Noise
mVrms 2.9 2.8 2.8
Saturation Power2
mW 1.5 0.7 0.7
Maximum Safe Input,2,5
mW 3 2 2
Output Impedance
Ohm 50 50 50
Bias-Monitor Gain
V/mA 1 1 1
Bias-Monitor Bandwidth
kHz 50 50 50
Bias-Monitor Output
Impedance
Ohm 10k 10k 10k
Power Requirements6+/-15 V, 200 mA +/-15 V, 200 mA +/-15 V, 200 mA
Detector Type GaAs InGaAs InGaAs
Output Connector Anritsu K Anritsu K Anritsu K
Input Connector FC/PC FC/PC FC/PC
Input Fiber 62.5-μm MM SM 50-μm MM
Operating
Temperature, min/max °C 10 / 35 10 / 35 10 / 35

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5.3 22 and 38-GHz Photoreceivers
Table 3. 22 and 38 GHz Photoreceivers
Model Unit 1484-A-50 1474-A
Wavelength Range nm 800-8651630-1620
Bandwidth, 3-dB, typ / min GHz 22/20 38/35
Low-Frequency Cutoff kHz 15 15
Risetime, 10-90% ps 16.5 12.5
Conversion Gain2, typ /
max V/W -75 / -65 -75 / -65
NEP2pW/rt(Hz) 38 38
Output Noise3μVrms 590 590
Output Voltage4V-0.6 -0.6
Maximum Safe Input,2,5 mW 88
Output Impedance Ohm 50 50
Bias-Monitor Gain V/mA 11
Bias-Monitor Bandwidth kHz 15 15
Bias-Monitor Output
Impedance Ohm 10k 10k
Power Requirements
+/-12 to +/-15V,
100 mA
+/-12 to +/-15V,
100 mA
Output Connector
Anritsu K Anritsu K
Input Connector
FC/PC FC/PC
Input Fiber
50-μm SM
Operating Temperature,
min/max °C 10/35 10/35