National Instruments AT-MIO-16D User manual

© Copyright 1992, 1995 National Instruments Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
AT-MIO-16D
User Manual
Multifunction I/O Board for the PC AT
March 1995 Edition
Part Number 320489-01

National Instruments Corporate Headquarters
6504 Bridge Point Parkway
Austin, TX 78730-5039
[phone]
Technical support fax: [phone]
[phone]
Branch Offices:
Australia [phone], Austria [phone], Belgium 02/757.00.20, Canada (Ontario) [phone],
Canada (Québec) [phone], Denmark 45 76 26 00, Finland (90) 527 2321, France (1) 48 14 24 24,
Germany 089/741 31 30, Italy 02/48301892, Japan [phone], Mexico 95 800 010 0793,
Netherlands 03480-33466, Norway 32-84 84 00, Singapore 2265886, Spain (91) 640 0085, Sweden 08-730 49 70,
Switzerland 056/20 51 51, Taiwan 02 377 1200, U.K. 0635 523545

Limited Warranty
The AT-MIO-16D is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date
of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or
replace equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period. This warranty includes parts and labor.
The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming
instructions, due to defects in materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from date of shipment, as
evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace software
media that do not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during
the warranty period. National Instruments does not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted
or error free.
A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked on the
outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work. National Instruments will pay the
shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by warranty.
National Instruments believes that the information in this manual is accurate. The document has been carefully
reviewed for technical accuracy. In the event that technical or typographical errors exist, National Instruments
reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this document without prior notice to holders of this
edition. The reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected. In no event shall National
Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it.
EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN, NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. CUSTOMER'S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART
OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER.
NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA, PROFITS,
USE OF PRODUCTS, OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
THEREOF. This limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action,
whether in contract or tort, including negligence. Any action against National Instruments must be brought within
one year after the cause of action accrues. National Instruments shall not be liable for any delay in performance due
to causes beyond its reasonable control. The warranty provided herein does not cover damages, defects,
malfunctions, or service failures caused by owner's failure to follow the National Instruments installation, operation,
or maintenance instructions; owner's modification of the product; owner's abuse, misuse, or negligent acts; and
power failure or surges, fire, flood, accident, actions of third parties, or other events outside reasonable control.
Copyright
Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storing in an information retrieval system, or translating, in whole or
in part, without the prior written consent of National Instruments Corporation.
Trademarks
LabVIEW®, NI-DAQ®, and RTSI®are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation.
Product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.

WARNING REGARDING MEDICAL AND CLINICAL USE
OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS
National Instruments products are not designed with components and testing intended to ensure a level of reliability
suitable for use in treatment and diagnosis of humans. Applications of National Instruments products involving
medical or clinical treatment can create a potential for accidental injury caused by product failure, or by errors on the
part of the user or application designer. Any use or application of National Instruments products for or involving
medical or clinical treatment must be performed by properly trained and qualified medical personnel, and all
traditional medical safeguards, equipment, and procedures that are appropriate in the particular situation to prevent
serious injury or death should always continue to be used when National Instruments products are being used.
National Instruments products are NOT intended to be a substitute for any form of established process, procedure, or
equipment used to monitor or safeguard human health and safety in medical or clinical treatment.

© National Instruments Corporation v AT-MIO-16D User Manual
Preface
This manual describes the electrical and mechanical aspects of the AT-MIO-16D and contains
information concerning its operation and programming. The AT-MIO-16D, a member of the
National Instruments AT Series of expansion boards for the IBM PC AT and compatible
computers, combines the functionality of two popular National Instruments boards, the
AT-MIO-16 and the PC-DIO-24. The AT-MIO-16D contains two logical sections–the MIO-16
circuitry and the DIO-24 circuitry. The MIO-16 circuitry contains a 12-bit ADC with up to 16
analog inputs, two 12-bit DACs with voltage outputs, eight lines of transistor-transistor logic
(TTL) compatible digital I/O, and three 16-bit counter/timer channels for timing I/O. The DIO-
24 circuitry is a 24-bit parallel, digital I/O interface based on an 82C55A programmable
peripheral interface (PPI). If you require signal conditioning or additional analog inputs, you can
use the SCXI signal conditioning modules, the SCXI multiplexer products, or the AMUX-64T
multiplexer board.
Organization of This Manual
The AT-MIO-16D User Manual is organized as follows:
• Chapter 1, Introduction, describes the AT-MIO-16D; lists the contents of your AT-MIO-16D
kit, the optional software, and optional equipment; and explains how to unpack the
AT-MIO-16D.
• Chapter 2, Configuration and Installation, describes the AT-MIO-16D jumper configuration,
installation of the AT-MIO-16D board into the PC, signal connections to the AT-MIO-16D
board, cable wiring, and handshake timing diagrams for the DIO-24 circuitry of the
AT-MIO-16D.
• Chapter 3, Theory of Operation, contains a functional overview of the AT-MIO-16D and
explains the operation of each functional unit making up the AT-MIO-16D.
• Chapter 4, Programming, discusses the programming of the AT-MIO-16D. Included in this
chapter are the AT-MIO-16D register address map, a detailed register description, and a
functional programming description.
• Chapter 5, Calibration Procedures, discusses the calibration procedures for the
AT-MIO-16D analog input and analog output circuitry.
• Appendix A, Specifications, lists the specifications for the AT-MIO-16D.
• Appendix B, MIO-16 I/O Connector, describes the pinout and signal names for the MIO-16
50-pin I/O connector of the AT-MIO-16D.
• Appendix C, DIO-24 I/O Connector, describes the pinout and signal names for the DIO-24
50-pin I/O connector of the AT-MIO-16D.
• Appendix D, AT-MIO-16D I/O Connector, describes the pinout and signal names for the
AT-MIO-16D 100-pin I/O connector.

Preface
AT-MIO-16D User Manual vi © National Instruments Corporation
• Appendix E, AMD Am9513A Data Sheet, contains the manufacturer data sheet for the
Am9513A System Controller integrated circuit (Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.). This device
is used on the AT-MIO-16D.
• Appendix F, Oki MSM82C55A Data Sheet, contains the manufacturer data sheet for the
MSM82C55A CMOS Programmable Peripheral Interface (Oki Semiconductor). This device
is used on the AT-MIO-16D.
• Appendix G, Customer Communication, contains forms for you to complete to facilitate
communication with National Instruments concerning our products.
• The Index alphabetically lists topics covered in this manual, including the page where the
topic can be found.
Conventions Used in This Manual
The following conventions are used to distinguish elements of text throughout this manual:
italic Italic text denotes emphasis, a cross reference, or an introduction to a key
concept.
PC PC refers to the IBM PC AT and compatible computers.
Abbreviations
The following metric system prefixes are used with abbreviations for units of measure in this
manual:
Prefix Meaning Value
p- pico- 10-12
n- nano- 10-9
µ- micro- 10-6
m- milli- 10-3
k- kilo- 103
M- mega- 106
G- giga- 109
The following abbreviations are used in this manual:
A amperes
dB decibels
ft feet
hex hexadecimal
Hz hertz
kbytes 1,000 bytes
ksamples 1,000 samples
M megabytes of memory

Preface
© National Instruments Corporation vii AT-MIO-16D User Manual
Abbreviations (continued)
m meters
Ωohms
ppm parts per million
sec seconds
V volts
Vrms volts, root mean square
Acronyms
The following acronyms are used in this manual:
AC alternating current
A/D analog-to-digital
ADC A/D converter
D/A digital-to-analog
DAC D/A converter
DIP dual inline package
DMA direct memory access
FIFO first-in-first-out
I/O input/output
LS low-power Schottky
LSB least significant bit
MSB most significant bit
PPI programmable peripheral interface
RTSI Real-Time System Integration
SSR solid-state relays
TTL transistor-transistor logic
VDC volts direct current
Related Documentation
The following document contains information that you may find helpful as you read this manual:
•IBM Personal Computer AT Technical Reference manual
You may also want to consult the following Advanced Micro Devices manual if you plan to
program the Am9513A Counter/Timer used on the AT-MIO-16D:
•Am9513A/Am9513 System Timing Controller technical manual
Customer Communication
National Instruments wants to receive your comments on our products and manuals. We are
interested in the applications you develop with our products, and we want to help if you have
problems with them. To make it easy for you to contact us, this manual contains comment and
configuration forms for you to complete. These forms are in Appendix G, Customer
Communication, at the end of this manual.

© National Instruments Corporation ix AT-MIO-16D User Manual
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................1-1
What Your Kit Should Contain......................................................................................1-3
Optional Software..........................................................................................................1-4
Optional Equipment.......................................................................................................1-5
Custom Cables...................................................................................................1-6
Unpacking......................................................................................................................1-7
Chapter 2
Configuration and Installation.......................................................................................2-1
Board Configuration ......................................................................................................2-1
AT Bus Interface............................................................................................................2-1
Base I/O Address Selection............................................................................................2-3
DMA Channel Selection................................................................................................2-5
Interrupt Selection..........................................................................................................2-7
DIO-24 Circuitry Interrupt Enable Settings.......................................................2-8
Analog I/O Jumper Settings...........................................................................................2-8
Analog Input Configuration...........................................................................................2-10
Input Mode.........................................................................................................2-10
DIFF Analog Input (Eight Channels, Factory Setting)..........................2-10
RSE Analog Input (16 Channels)...........................................................2-11
NRSE Analog Input (16 Channels)........................................................2-12
Analog Input Polarity and Range.......................................................................2-12
Considerations for Selecting Analog Input Ranges...............................2-14
Analog Output Configuration........................................................................................2-15
Analog Output Reference Selection...................................................................2-15
External Reference Selection.................................................................2-15
Internal Reference Selection (Factory Setting)......................................2-15
Analog Output Polarity Selection......................................................................2-16
Bipolar Output Selection (Factory Setting) ...........................................2-16
Straight Binary Mode.................................................................2-17
Two's Complement Mode (Factory Setting)..............................2-17
Unipolar Output Selection .....................................................................2-18
RTSI Bus Clock Selection.............................................................................................2-18
Hardware Installation.....................................................................................................2-20
Signal Connections ........................................................................................................2-20
AT-MIO-16D I/O Connector Pin Description...................................................2-21
MIO-16 I/O Connector Pin Description.............................................................2-22
MIO-16 Signal Connection Descriptions...........................................................2-23
Analog Input Signal Connections......................................................................2-25
Types of Signal Sources.....................................................................................2-26
Floating Signal Sources .........................................................................2-26
Ground-Referenced Signal Sources.......................................................2-27
Input Configurations..........................................................................................2-27
Differential Connection Considerations (DIFF Configuration).............2-27
Differential Connections for Grounded Signal Sources ........................2-28
Differential Connections for Floating Signal Sources...........................2-29
Single-Ended Connection Considerations .............................................2-30

Contents
AT-MIO-16D User Manual x © National Instruments Corporation
Single-Ended Connections for Floating Signal Sources (RSE
Configuration)........................................................................................2-30
Single-Ended Connections for Grounded Signal Sources (NRSE
Configuration)........................................................................................2-31
Common-Mode Signal Rejection Considerations..................................2-32
Analog Output Signal Connections....................................................................2-33
Digital I/O Signal Connections..........................................................................2-34
Power Connections ............................................................................................2-36
Timing Connections...........................................................................................2-36
Data Acquisition Timing Connections...................................................2-36
General-Purpose Timing Signal Connections........................................2-38
DIO-24 I/O Connector Pin Description.............................................................2-43
DIO-24 Signal Connection Descriptions...........................................................2-44
Power Connections ................................................................................2-44
Port C Pin Assignments.........................................................................2-44
Timing Specifications........................................................................................2-45
DIO-24 Mode 1 Input Timing................................................................2-47
DIO-24 Mode 1 Output Timing.............................................................2-48
DIO-24 Mode 2 Bidirectional Timing...................................................2-49
Cabling and Field Wiring...............................................................................................2-50
Field Wiring Considerations..............................................................................2-50
MIO-16 Cabling Considerations........................................................................2-50
DIO-24 Cabling Considerations.........................................................................2-51
Chapter 3
Theory of Operation..........................................................................................................3-1
MIO-16 Functional Overview........................................................................................3-1
PC AT I/O Channel Interface Circuitry.........................................................................3-2
Analog Input and Data Acquisition Circuitry................................................................3-4
Analog Input Circuitry.......................................................................................3-6
Analog Input Multiplexers.....................................................................3-6
Analog Input Mode Selection................................................................3-6
The Instrumentation Amplifier..............................................................3-6
Channel Selection Circuitry...................................................................3-6
A/D Converter........................................................................................3-7
ADC FIFO Buffer..................................................................................3-7
Data Acquisition Timing Circuitry....................................................................3-7
Single Conversions ................................................................................3-8
Sample-Interval Timer...........................................................................3-8
Sample Counter......................................................................................3-8
Single-Channel Data Acquisition...........................................................3-9
Multiple-Channel (Scanned) Data Acquisition......................................3-9
Data Acquisition Rates...........................................................................3-9
Analog Output Circuitry................................................................................................3-10
Analog Output Range.........................................................................................3-11
Analog Output Data Coding ..............................................................................3-11
MIO-16 Digital I/O Circuitry.........................................................................................3-11
Timing I/O Circuitry......................................................................................................3-13
RTSI Bus Interface Circuitry.........................................................................................3-15
DIO-24 Functional Overview........................................................................................3-17
DIO-24 Interrupt Control Circuitry................................................................................3-17
DIO-24 Circuitry I/O Connector....................................................................................3-18

Contents
© National Instruments Corporation xi AT-MIO-16D User Manual
82C55A Programmable Peripheral Interface.................................................................3-18
82C55A Modes of Operation.............................................................................3-18
Mode 0...................................................................................................3-18
Mode 1...................................................................................................3-19
Mode 2...................................................................................................3-19
Single Bit Set/Reset Feature ..................................................................3-19
Chapter 4
Programming........................................................................................................................4-1
Register Map..................................................................................................................4-1
Register Sizes.....................................................................................................4-2
Register Description...........................................................................................4-2
Register Description Format..................................................................4-3
Configuration and Status Register Group..........................................................4-3
Command Register 1..............................................................................4-4
Status Register........................................................................................4-6
Command Register 2..............................................................................4-9
The Event Strobe Register Group......................................................................4-11
Start Convert Register............................................................................4-12
Start DAQ Register................................................................................4-13
A/D Clear Register.................................................................................4-14
External Strobe Register........................................................................4-15
Analog Output Register Group..........................................................................4-16
DAC0 Register.......................................................................................4-17
DAC1 Register.......................................................................................4-18
INT2CLR Register.................................................................................4-19
Analog Input Register Group.............................................................................4-20
Mux-Counter Register............................................................................4-21
Mux-Gain Register.................................................................................4-22
A/D FIFO Register.................................................................................4-24
DMA TC INT Clear Register.................................................................4-25
Am9513A Counter/Timer Register Group ........................................................4-26
Am9513A Data Register........................................................................4-27
Am9513A Command Register...............................................................4-28
Am9513A Status Register......................................................................4-29
MIO-16 Digital I/O Register Group...................................................................4-30
MIO-16 Digital Input Register...............................................................4-31
MIO-16 Digital Output Register............................................................4-32
The RTSI Switch Register Group......................................................................4-33
RTSI Switch Shift Register....................................................................4-34
RTSI Switch Strobe Register.................................................................4-35
DIO-24 Register Group......................................................................................4-36
DIO-24 PORTA Register.......................................................................4-37
DIO-24 PORTB Register.......................................................................4-38
DIO-24 PORTC Register.......................................................................4-39
DIO-24 CNFG Register.........................................................................4-40
MIO-16 Programming Considerations...........................................................................4-41
Register Programming Considerations..............................................................4-41
Initializing the MIO-16 Circuitry of the AT-MIO-16D Board..........................4-41
Initializing the Am9513A......................................................................4-42
Initializing the Analog Output Circuitry................................................4-43