Oracle HTTP Server B12255-01 Service manual

Oracle® HTTP Server
Administrator’s Guide
10gRelease 1 (10.1)
Part No. B12255-01
December 2003

Oracle HTTP Server Administrator’s Guide, 10gRelease 1 (10.1)
Part No. B12255-01
Copyright © 2003 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Primary Author: Priya Darshane
Contributor: Julia Pond, Warren Briese, Kevin Clark, Priscila Darakjian, Sander Goudswaard, Pushkar
Kapasi, Chuck Murray, Mark Nelson, Bert Rich, Shankar Raman, Baogang Song, Kevin Wang
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iii
Contents
Send Us Your Comments ................................................................................................................... xi
Preface.......................................................................................................................................................... xiii
Intended Audience .............................................................................................................................. xiv
Documentation Accessibility ............................................................................................................. xiv
Organization.......................................................................................................................................... xv
Related Documentation ...................................................................................................................... xvi
Conventions......................................................................................................................................... xvii
1 Oracle HTTP Server Overview
Oracle HTTP Server Features ........................................................................................................... 1-2
Oracle HTTP Server Components ................................................................................................... 1-3
Oracle HTTP Server Modules..................................................................................................... 1-3
Oracle HTTP Server Support............................................................................................................ 1-5
Oracle HTTP Server Management .................................................................................................. 1-6
Starting, Stopping, and Restarting Oracle HTTP Server ............................................................ 1-6
Starting Oracle HTTP Server....................................................................................................... 1-6
Stopping Oracle HTTP Server .................................................................................................... 1-7
Restarting Oracle HTTP Server .................................................................................................. 1-7
2 Oracle HTTP Server Concepts
Understanding Oracle HTTP Server Directory Structure........................................................... 2-2
Accessing Configuration Files.......................................................................................................... 2-2
Configuration Files Syntax................................................................................................................ 2-2

iv
Understanding Modules.................................................................................................................... 2-3
Classes of Directives........................................................................................................................... 2-3
Scope of Directives ............................................................................................................................. 2-4
Container Directives..................................................................................................................... 2-4
<Directory> ............................................................................................................................ 2-4
<DirectoryMatch> ................................................................................................................. 2-5
<Files> ..................................................................................................................................... 2-5
<FilesMatch>.......................................................................................................................... 2-5
<Location>.............................................................................................................................. 2-5
<LocationMatch>................................................................................................................... 2-6
<Limit>.................................................................................................................................... 2-6
<LimitExcept>........................................................................................................................ 2-6
<VirtualHost> ........................................................................................................................ 2-7
Block Directives............................................................................................................................. 2-7
About .htaccess Files .......................................................................................................................... 2-7
3 Specifying Server and File Locations
Setting Server and Administrator Functions................................................................................. 3-2
ServerName ................................................................................................................................... 3-2
UseCanonicalName ...................................................................................................................... 3-2
ServerAdmin ................................................................................................................................. 3-3
ServerSignature............................................................................................................................. 3-3
ServerTokens ................................................................................................................................. 3-3
ServerAlias..................................................................................................................................... 3-3
Specifying File Locations .................................................................................................................. 3-4
CoreDumpDirectory..................................................................................................................... 3-4
DocumentRoot .............................................................................................................................. 3-4
ErrorLog ......................................................................................................................................... 3-5
LockFile .......................................................................................................................................... 3-5
PidFile............................................................................................................................................. 3-5
ScoreBoardFile............................................................................................................................... 3-5
ServerRoot...................................................................................................................................... 3-6
4 Managing Server Processes
Oracle HTTP Server Processing Model .......................................................................................... 4-2

v
Running Oracle HTTP Server as Root ....................................................................................... 4-2
Additional Security Considerations .......................................................................................... 4-3
Handling Server Processes................................................................................................................ 4-4
ServerType..................................................................................................................................... 4-4
Group ............................................................................................................................................. 4-4
User................................................................................................................................................. 4-4
Limiting the Number of Processes and Connections .................................................................. 4-5
StartServers.................................................................................................................................... 4-5
ThreadsPerChild........................................................................................................................... 4-5
MaxClients..................................................................................................................................... 4-5
MaxRequestsPerChild.................................................................................................................. 4-6
MaxSpareServers .......................................................................................................................... 4-6
MinSpareServers........................................................................................................................... 4-6
Getting Information about Processes ............................................................................................. 4-7
5 Managing the Network Connection
Specifying Listener Ports and Addresses....................................................................................... 5-2
BindAddress.................................................................................................................................. 5-3
Port.................................................................................................................................................. 5-3
Listen .............................................................................................................................................. 5-3
Managing Interaction Between Server and Network.................................................................. 5-4
ListenBackLog............................................................................................................................... 5-4
SendBufferSize .............................................................................................................................. 5-4
TimeOut ......................................................................................................................................... 5-4
Managing Connection Persistence .................................................................................................. 5-5
KeepAlive ...................................................................................................................................... 5-5
KeepAliveTimeout ....................................................................................................................... 5-5
MaxKeepAliveRequests............................................................................................................... 5-5
Configuring Reverse Proxies and Load Balancers........................................................................ 5-6
6 Configuring and Using Server Logs
Using Oracle Diagnostic Logging.................................................................................................... 6-2
Overview........................................................................................................................................ 6-2
Configuring Oracle HTTP Server............................................................................................... 6-2
Specifying Log Formats..................................................................................................................... 6-5

vi
Specifying Log Level.......................................................................................................................... 6-6
Specifying Log Files ........................................................................................................................... 6-7
Access Log ..................................................................................................................................... 6-7
CustomLog .................................................................................................................................... 6-7
Error Log ........................................................................................................................................ 6-8
PID File........................................................................................................................................... 6-8
Piped Log ....................................................................................................................................... 6-8
Rewrite Log.................................................................................................................................... 6-9
Script Log ....................................................................................................................................... 6-9
SSL Log........................................................................................................................................... 6-9
Transfer Log................................................................................................................................... 6-9
7 Oracle HTTP Server Modules
List of Modules.................................................................................................................................... 7-2
mod_access ........................................................................................................................................... 7-3
mod_actions ......................................................................................................................................... 7-3
mod_alias.............................................................................................................................................. 7-3
mod_asis ............................................................................................................................................... 7-3
mod_auth .............................................................................................................................................. 7-3
mod_auth_anon................................................................................................................................... 7-4
mod_auth_db ....................................................................................................................................... 7-4
mod_auth_dbm.................................................................................................................................... 7-4
mod_auth_digest................................................................................................................................. 7-4
mod_autoindex .................................................................................................................................... 7-4
mod_cern_meta.................................................................................................................................... 7-4
mod_certheaders ................................................................................................................................. 7-5
mod_cgi................................................................................................................................................. 7-8
mod_define........................................................................................................................................... 7-8
mod_digest ........................................................................................................................................... 7-8
mod_dir................................................................................................................................................. 7-9
mod_dms............................................................................................................................................... 7-9
mod_env................................................................................................................................................ 7-9
mod_example....................................................................................................................................... 7-9
mod_expires ....................................................................................................................................... 7-10
mod_fastcgi ........................................................................................................................................ 7-10

vii
mod_headers...................................................................................................................................... 7-10
mod_imap........................................................................................................................................... 7-10
mod_include ...................................................................................................................................... 7-10
mod_info............................................................................................................................................. 7-11
mod_isapi ........................................................................................................................................... 7-11
mod_log_agent .................................................................................................................................. 7-11
mod_log_config ................................................................................................................................. 7-11
mod_log_referer ................................................................................................................................ 7-11
mod_mime.......................................................................................................................................... 7-12
mod_mime_magic............................................................................................................................. 7-12
mod_mmap_static............................................................................................................................. 7-12
mod_negotiation ............................................................................................................................... 7-12
mod_onsint......................................................................................................................................... 7-13
Benefits of mod_onsint .............................................................................................................. 7-13
Implementation Differences for mod_onsint ......................................................................... 7-14
mod_ossl............................................................................................................................................. 7-15
mod_perl............................................................................................................................................. 7-15
Database Usage Notes................................................................................................................ 7-16
Using Perl to Access the Database .................................................................................... 7-16
Testing Database Connection ............................................................................................ 7-17
Using SQL NCHAR Datatypes ......................................................................................... 7-17
mod_plsql........................................................................................................................................... 7-19
Creating a DAD .......................................................................................................................... 7-20
Configuration Files..................................................................................................................... 7-21
plsql.conf............................................................................................................................... 7-21
dads.conf............................................................................................................................... 7-22
cache.conf ............................................................................................................................. 7-22
Configuration Parameters ......................................................................................................... 7-22
plsql.conf............................................................................................................................... 7-24
dads.conf............................................................................................................................... 7-26
cache.conf ............................................................................................................................. 7-49
mod_proxy.......................................................................................................................................... 7-53
mod_rewrite....................................................................................................................................... 7-53
mod_rewrite Rules Processing ................................................................................................. 7-53
mod_rewrite Directives ............................................................................................................. 7-55

viii
Rewrite Rules Hints.................................................................................................................... 7-57
Redirection Examples................................................................................................................. 7-58
mod_setenvif...................................................................................................................................... 7-59
mod_so ................................................................................................................................................ 7-59
mod_speling....................................................................................................................................... 7-59
mod_status.......................................................................................................................................... 7-59
mod_unique_id ................................................................................................................................. 7-60
mod_userdir ....................................................................................................................................... 7-60
mod_usertrack ................................................................................................................................... 7-60
mod_vhost_alias................................................................................................................................ 7-60
8 Managing Security
About Oracle HTTP Server Security............................................................................................... 8-2
Classes of Users and Their Privileges............................................................................................. 8-3
Resources Protected............................................................................................................................ 8-3
Authentication and Authorization Enforcement.......................................................................... 8-4
Host-based Access Control.......................................................................................................... 8-4
Access Control for Virtual Hosts......................................................................................... 8-5
Using mod_access and mod_setenvif for Host-based Access Control.......................... 8-6
User Authentication and Authorization.................................................................................... 8-9
Using mod_auth to Authenticate Users ............................................................................. 8-9
Using mod_ossl to Authenticate Users ............................................................................ 8-10
Enabling SSL......................................................................................................................... 8-10
Security Services Implemented Within Oracle HTTP Server.................................................. 8-12
Using mod_ossl........................................................................................................................... 8-12
Using mod_ossl Directives................................................................................................. 8-13
Using mod_proxy Directives ............................................................................................. 8-30
Using mod_ossl Directives to Configure Client Authentication.................................. 8-32
Using the iasobf Utility....................................................................................................... 8-33
9 Frequently Asked Questions
Creating Application-specific Error Pages................................................................................ 9-2
Offering HTTPS to ISP (Virtual Host) Customers ................................................................... 9-2
Using Oracle HTTP Server as Cache.......................................................................................... 9-2
Using Different Language and Character Set Versions of Document .................................. 9-3

ix
Sending Proxy Sensitive Requests to Oracle HTTP Server Behind a Firewall .................... 9-3
Oracle HTTP Server Version Number....................................................................................... 9-3
Apache v2.0 Support with Oracle Database, 10gRelease 1 (10.1) ......................................... 9-3
Applying Apache Security patches to Oracle HTTP Server................................................... 9-3
Supporting PHP............................................................................................................................ 9-4
Creating Application Name Space that Works Across Firewalls and Clusters .................. 9-4
Protecting Web Site From Hackers ............................................................................................ 9-5
A Oracle HTTP Server Configuration Files
httpd.conf ............................................................................................................................................. A-2
httpd.conf File Structure.............................................................................................................. A-2
Global Environment.............................................................................................................. A-2
Main Server Configuration .................................................................................................. A-3
Virtual Hosts .......................................................................................................................... A-3
mime.types .................................................................................................................................... A-4
dms.conf......................................................................................................................................... A-4
oracle_apache.conf ....................................................................................................................... A-5
aqxml.conf .............................................................................................................................. A-5
ojsp.conf .................................................................................................................................. A-5
plsql.conf................................................................................................................................. A-5
xml.conf................................................................................................................................... A-6
ssl.conf............................................................................................................................................ A-6
opmn.xml.............................................................................................................................................. A-7
B Third Party Licenses
Apache HTTP Server.......................................................................................................................... B-2
The Apache Software License..................................................................................................... B-2
Apache SOAP ...................................................................................................................................... B-3
Apache SOAP License.................................................................................................................. B-3
DBI Module ......................................................................................................................................... B-5
Perl Artistic License...................................................................................................................... B-5
Preamble ................................................................................................................................. B-5
Definitions .............................................................................................................................. B-5
Perl......................................................................................................................................................... B-9
Perl Kit Readme ............................................................................................................................ B-9

x
mod_perl 1.26 License............................................................................................................... B-10
Perl Artistic License................................................................................................................... B-11
Preamble .............................................................................................................................. B-11
Definitions ........................................................................................................................... B-12
mod_dav............................................................................................................................................. B-15
FastCGI .............................................................................................................................................. B-17
FastCGI Developer’s Kit License............................................................................................. B-17
Module mod_fastcgi License.................................................................................................... B-18
Jaxen.................................................................................................................................................... B-20
The Jaxen Software License...................................................................................................... B-20
Expat ................................................................................................................................................... B-22
Expat License.............................................................................................................................. B-22
SAXPath ............................................................................................................................................. B-23
The SAXPath License ................................................................................................................ B-23
Glossary
Index

xi
Send Us Your Comments
Oracle HTTP Server Administrator’s Guide, 10gRelease 1 (10.1)
Part No. B12255-01
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xii

xiii
Preface
This guide describes how to administer the Oracle HTTP Server.
This preface contains these topics:
■Intended Audience
■Documentation Accessibility
■Organization
■Related Documentation
■Conventions

xiv
Intended Audience
The Oracle HTTP Server Administrator’s Guide is intended for database
administrators and security managers.
Documentation Accessibility
Our goal is to make Oracle products, services, and supporting documentation
accessible, with good usability, to the disabled community. To that end, our
documentation includes features that make information available to users of
assistive technology. This documentation is available in HTML format, and contains
markup to facilitate access by the disabled community. Standards will continue to
evolve over time, and Oracle is actively engaged with other market-leading
technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be
accessible to all of our customers. For additional information, visit the Oracle
Accessibility Program Web site at
http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/
Accessibility of Links to External Web Sites in Documentation This
documentation may contain links to Web sites of other companies or organizations
that Oracle does not own or control. Oracle neither evaluates nor makes any
representations regarding the accessibility of these Web sites.

xv
Organization
This document contains:
Chapter 1, "Oracle HTTP Server Overview"
This chapter describes the Oracle HTTP Server, highlighting the differences
between the Oracle distribution and the open source Apache product on which it is
based. It also explains how to start, stop and restart the server.
Chapter 2, "Oracle HTTP Server Concepts"
This chapter introduces you to the Oracle HTTP Server directory structure, and
configuration files, configuration file syntax, modules, and directives.
Chapter 3, "Specifying Server and File Locations"
This chapter explains how to set Oracle HTTP Server and server administrator
options, and specifies file locations.
Chapter 4, "Managing Server Processes"
This chapter provides an overview of the Oracle HTTP Server processes, and
provides information on how to regulate, and monitor these processes.
Chapter 5, "Managing the Network Connection"
This chapter provides information about specifying IP addresses and ports, and
managing server interaction, and network connection persistence.
Chapter 6, "Configuring and Using Server Logs"
This chapter discusses Oracle Diagnostic Logging, log formats, and describes
various log files and their locations.
Chapter 7, "Oracle HTTP Server Modules"
This chapter describes the modules (mods) included in the Oracle HTTP Server. The
modules extend the basic functionality of the Web server, and support integration
between Oracle HTTP Server and other Oracle Database components.
Chapter 8, "Managing Security"
This chapter provides an overview of Oracle HTTP Server security features and
configuration information for setting up a secure Web site using them.

xvi
Chapter 9, "Frequently Asked Questions"
This chapter provides answers to frequently asked questions about Oracle HTTP
Server.
Chapter A, "Oracle HTTP Server Configuration Files"
This appendix lists commonly used Oracle HTTP Server configuration files.
Chapter B, "Third Party Licenses"
This appendix includes the Third Party License for all the third party products
included with Oracle Database.
Glossary
The glossary defines terminology used throughout this guide and the Oracle
Database documentation set.
Related Documentation
For more information, see these Oracle resources:
■Oracle Database Documentation Library
■Oracle Database Platform-Specific Documentation on Oracle Database Disk 1
Printed documentation is available for sale in the Oracle Store at
http://oraclestore.oracle.com/
To download free release notes, installation documentation, white papers, or other
collateral, please visit the Oracle Technology Network (OTN). You must register
online before using OTN; registration is free and can be done at
http://otn.oracle.com/membership/
If you already have a username and password for OTN, then you can go directly to
the documentation section of the OTN Web site at
http://otn.oracle.com/documentation/

xvii
Conventions
This section describes the conventions used in the text and code examples of this
documentation set. It describes:
■Conventions in Text
■Conventions in Code Examples
■Conventions for Windows Operating Systems
Conventions in Text
We use various conventions in text to help you more quickly identify special terms.
The following table describes those conventions and provides examples of their use.
Convention Meaning Example
Bold Bold typeface indicates terms that are
defined in the text or terms that appear in
a glossary, or both.
When you specify this clause, you create an
index-organized table.
Italics Italic typeface indicates book titles or
emphasis.
Oracle9i Database Concepts
Ensure that the recovery catalog and target
database do not reside on the same disk.
UPPERCASE
monospace
(fixed-width)
font
Uppercase monospace typeface indicates
elements supplied by the system. Such
elements include parameters, privileges,
datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL
keywords, SQL*Plus or utility commands,
packages and methods, as well as
system-supplied column names, database
objects and structures, usernames, and
roles.
You can specify this clause only for a NUMBER
column.
You can back up the database by using the
BACKUP command.
Query the TABLE_NAME column in the USER_
TABLES data dictionary view.
Use the DBMS_STATS.GENERATE_STATS
procedure.

xviii
Conventions in Code Examples
Code examples illustrate SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus, or other command-line
statements. They are displayed in a monospace (fixed-width) font and separated
from normal text as shown in this example:
SELECT username FROM dba_users WHERE username = ’MIGRATE’;
The following table describes typographic conventions used in code examples and
provides examples of their use.
lowercase
monospace
(fixed-width)
font
Lowercase monospace typeface indicates
executables, filenames, directory names,
and sample user-supplied elements. Such
elements include computer and database
names, net service names, and connect
identifiers, as well as user-supplied
database objects and structures, column
names, packages and classes, usernames
and roles, program units, and parameter
values.
Note: Some programmatic elements use a
mixture of UPPERCASE and lowercase.
Enter these elements as shown.
Enter sqlplus to open SQL*Plus.
The password is specified in the orapwd file.
Back up the datafiles and control files in the
/disk1/oracle/dbs directory.
The department_id,department_name,
and location_id columns are in the
hr.departments table.
Set the QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED
initialization parameter to true.
Connect as oe user.
The JRepUtil class implements these
methods.
lowercase
italic
monospace
(fixed-width)
font
Lowercase italic monospace font
represents placeholders or variables.
You can specify the parallel_clause.
Run Uold_release.SQL where old_
release refers to the release you installed
prior to upgrading.
Convention Meaning Example
[ ] Brackets enclose one or more optional
items. Do not enter the brackets.
DECIMAL (digits [ , precision ])
{ } Braces enclose two or more items, one of
which is required. Do not enter the braces.
{ENABLE | DISABLE}
|A vertical bar represents a choice of two
or more options within brackets or braces.
Enter one of the options. Do not enter the
vertical bar.
{ENABLE | DISABLE}
[COMPRESS | NOCOMPRESS]
Convention Meaning Example

xix
... Horizontal ellipsis points indicate either:
■That we have omitted parts of the
code that are not directly related to
the example
■That you can repeat a portion of the
code
CREATE TABLE ... AS subquery;
SELECT col1,col2, ... , coln FROM
employees;
.
.
.
Vertical ellipsis points indicate that we
have omitted several lines of code not
directly related to the example.
SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE;
NAME
------------------------------------
/fsl/dbs/tbs_01.dbf
/fs1/dbs/tbs_02.dbf
.
.
.
/fsl/dbs/tbs_09.dbf
9 rows selected.
Other notation You must enter symbols other than
brackets, braces, vertical bars, and ellipsis
points as shown.
acctbal NUMBER(11,2);
acct CONSTANT NUMBER(4) := 3;
Italics Italicized text indicates placeholders or
variables for which you must supply
particular values.
CONNECT SYSTEM/system_password
DB_NAME = database_name
UPPERCASE Uppercase typeface indicates elements
supplied by the system. We show these
terms in uppercase in order to distinguish
them from terms you define. Unless terms
appear in brackets, enter them in the
order and with the spelling shown.
However, because these terms are not
case sensitive, you can enter them in
lowercase.
SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM
employees;
SELECT * FROM USER_TABLES;
DROP TABLE hr.employees;
lowercase Lowercase typeface indicates
programmatic elements that you supply.
For example, lowercase indicates names
of tables, columns, or files.
Note: Some programmatic elements use a
mixture of UPPERCASE and lowercase.
Enter these elements as shown.
SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM
employees;
sqlplus hr/hr
CREATE USER mjones IDENTIFIED BY ty3MU9;
Convention Meaning Example

xx
Conventions for Windows Operating Systems
The following table describes conventions for Windows operating systems and
provides examples of their use.
Convention Meaning Example
Choose Start > How to start a program. To start the Database Configuration Assistant,
choose Start > Programs > Oracle - HOME_
NAME > Configuration and Migration Tools >
Database Configuration Assistant.
File and directory
names
File and directory names are not case
sensitive. The following special characters
are not allowed: left angle bracket (<),
right angle bracket (>), colon (:), double
quotation marks ("), slash (/), pipe (|),
and dash (-). The special character
backslash (\) is treated as an element
separator, even when it appears in quotes.
If the file name begins with \\, then
Windows assumes it uses the Universal
Naming Convention.
c:\winnt"\"system32 is the same as
C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32
C:\> Represents the Windows command
prompt of the current hard disk drive.
The escape character in a command
prompt is the caret (^). Your prompt
reflects the subdirectory in which you are
working. Referred to as the command
prompt in this manual.
C:\oracle\oradata>
Special characters The backslash (\) special character is
sometimes required as an escape
character for the double quotation mark
(") special character at the Windows
command prompt. Parentheses and the
single quotation mark (’) do not require
an escape character. Refer to your
Windows operating system
documentation for more information on
escape and special characters.
C:\>exp scott/tiger TABLES=emp
QUERY=\"WHERE job=’SALESMAN’ and
sal<1600\"
C:\>imp SYSTEM/password FROMUSER=scott
TABLES=(emp, dept)
HOME_NAME Represents the Oracle home name. The
home name can be up to 16 alphanumeric
characters. The only special character
allowed in the home name is the
underscore.
C:\> net start OracleHOME_NAMETNSListener