Orion A10E User manual

A10E/A28E/A28F
Configuration Guide

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Preface
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Preface
Objectives
This guide describes features supported by the A10E/A28E, and related configurations,
including basic principles and configuration procedure of Ethernet, route, reliability, OAM,
security, and QoS, and related configuration examples.
The appendix lists terms, acronyms, and abbreviations involved in this document.
By reading this guide, you can master principles and configurations of the A10E/A28E, and
how to network with theA10E/A28E.
Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product name
Hardware version
Software version
A10E
A
NOS_4.14
A28E
A
NOS_4.14
Conventions
Symbol conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol
Description
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, if
not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided,
could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performance
degradation, or unexpected results.
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement
important points of the main text.

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Symbol
Description
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time.
General conventions
Convention
Description
Times New Roman
Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Arial
Paragraphs in Warning, Caution, Notes, and Tip are in Arial.
Boldface
Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in boldface.
For example, log in as user root.
Italic
Book titles are in italics.
Lucida Console
Terminal display is in Lucida Console.
Command conventions
Convention
Description
Boldface
The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic
Command arguments are in italics.
[]
Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are
optional.
{ x | y | ... }
Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. Only one is selected.
[ x | y | ... ]
Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and
separated by vertical bars. One or none is selected.
{ x | y | ... } *
Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be
selected.
[ x | y | ... ] *
Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and
separated by vertical bars. A minimum of none or a maximum
of all can be selected.

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GUI conventions
Convention
Description
Boldface
Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, windows, and dialog titles
are in boldface. For example, click OK.
>
Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"
signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Keyboard operation
Format
Description
Key
Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.
Key 1+Key 2
Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+C
means the two keys should be pressed concurrently.
Key 1, Key 2
Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, Ameans the
two keys should be pressed in turn.
Mouse operation
Action
Description
Click
Select and release the primary mouse button without moving
the pointer.
Double-click
Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly
without moving the pointer.
Drag
Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer
to a certain position.

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Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................................1
Objectives .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Versions ............................................................................................................................................. 1
Conventions ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Symbol conventions....................................................................................................................................1
General conventions ...................................................................................................................................2
Command conventions ...............................................................................................................................2
GUI conventions..........................................................................................................................................3
Keyboard operation ....................................................................................................................................3
Mouse operation.........................................................................................................................................3
Contents ....................................................................................................................................4
Figures .....................................................................................................................................16
Tables ......................................................................................................................................18
1 Basic configurations.................................................................................................................1
1.1 Accessing the device ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Accessing from the Console interface................................................................................................2
1.1.3 Accessing from Telnet ........................................................................................................................3
1.1.4 Accessing from SSHv2 ........................................................................................................................4
1.1.5 Checking configurations.....................................................................................................................6
1.2 CLI ................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................6
1.2.2 Command line level ...........................................................................................................................7
1.2.3 Command line mode..........................................................................................................................7
1.2.4 Command line shortcuts....................................................................................................................9
1.2.5 Command line help message .......................................................................................................... 10
1.2.6 CLI message..................................................................................................................................... 12
1.2.7 Command line history message...................................................................................................... 13
1.2.8 Restoring default value of command line ....................................................................................... 14
1.3 Managing users........................................................................................................................... 14
1.3.1 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 15
1.4 Managing files ............................................................................................................................ 15
1.4.1 Managing BootROM files ................................................................................................................ 15
1.4.2 Managing system files..................................................................................................................... 17
1.4.3 Managing configuration files .......................................................................................................... 18
1.4.4 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 19

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1.5 Configuring clock management.................................................................................................... 19
1.5.1 Configuring time and time zone...................................................................................................... 19
1.5.2 Configuring DST............................................................................................................................... 20
1.5.3 Configuring NTP .............................................................................................................................. 20
1.5.4 Configuring SNTP ............................................................................................................................ 21
1.5.5 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 22
1.6 Configuring interface management.............................................................................................. 22
1.6.1 Default configurations of interfaces................................................................................................ 22
1.6.2 Configuring basic attributes for interfaces...................................................................................... 23
1.6.3 Configuring flow control on interfaces ........................................................................................... 23
1.6.4 Configuring the Combo interface.................................................................................................... 24
1.6.5 Configuring interface rate statistics ................................................................................................ 24
1.6.6 Configuring interface statistics........................................................................................................ 25
1.6.7 Enabling/Disabling interfaces ......................................................................................................... 25
1.6.8 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 25
1.7 Configuring basic information...................................................................................................... 26
1.8 Task scheduling........................................................................................................................... 27
1.9 Watchdog ................................................................................................................................... 27
1.10 Load and upgrade...................................................................................................................... 28
1.10.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 28
1.10.2 Configuring TFTP auto-upload method......................................................................................... 29
1.10.3 Upgrading system software by BootROM..................................................................................... 29
1.10.4 Upgrading system software by CLI................................................................................................ 31
1.10.5 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 32
1.10.6 Exampe for configuring TFTP auto-loading................................................................................... 32
2 Ethernet ................................................................................................................................34
2.1 MAC address table ...................................................................................................................... 34
2.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 34
2.1.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 36
2.1.3 Default configurations of MAC address table ................................................................................. 36
2.1.4 Configuring static MAC address ...................................................................................................... 36
2.1.5 Configuring multicast filtering mode for MAC address table ......................................................... 37
2.1.6 Configuring MAC address learning.................................................................................................. 37
2.1.7 Configuring MAC address limit ....................................................................................................... 38
2.1.8 Configuring the aging time of MAC addresses................................................................................ 38
2.1.9 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 38
2.1.10 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 39
2.1.11 Example for configuring the MAC address table........................................................................... 39
2.2 VLAN .......................................................................................................................................... 40
2.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 40
2.2.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 42
2.2.3 Default configurations of VLAN....................................................................................................... 42
2.2.4 Configuring VLAN attributes ........................................................................................................... 43
2.2.5 Configuring interface mode ............................................................................................................ 43
2.2.6 Configuring VLAN on Access interface............................................................................................ 44
2.2.7 Configuring VLAN on the Trunk interface ....................................................................................... 44
2.2.8 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 45
2.3 QinQ........................................................................................................................................... 46
2.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 46

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2.3.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 47
2.3.3 Default configurations of QinQ ....................................................................................................... 47
2.3.4 Configuring basic QinQ ................................................................................................................... 47
2.3.5 Configuring selective QinQ ............................................................................................................. 47
2.3.6 Configuring the egress interface toTrunk mode ............................................................................. 48
2.3.7 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 48
2.3.8 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................... 48
2.3.9 Example for configuring basic QinQ................................................................................................ 49
2.3.10 Example for configuring selective QinQ........................................................................................ 51
2.4 VLAN mapping ............................................................................................................................ 54
2.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 54
2.4.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 55
2.4.3 Configuring 1:1 VLAN mapping....................................................................................................... 55
2.4.4 Configuring N:1 VLAN mapping ...................................................................................................... 55
2.4.5 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 56
2.4.6 Example for configuring VLAN mapping ......................................................................................... 56
2.5 Interface protection .................................................................................................................... 58
2.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 58
2.5.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 59
2.5.3 Default configurations of interface protection ............................................................................... 59
2.5.4 Configuring interface protection..................................................................................................... 59
2.5.5 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 59
2.5.6 Example for configuring interface protection................................................................................. 60
2.6 Port mirroring ............................................................................................................................. 63
2.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 63
2.6.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 63
2.6.3 Default configurations of port mirroring ........................................................................................ 64
2.6.4 Configuring port mirroring on a local port...................................................................................... 64
2.6.5 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 65
2.6.6 Example for configuring port mirroring .......................................................................................... 65
2.7 Layer 2 protocol transparent transmission ................................................................................... 66
2.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 66
2.7.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 67
2.7.3 Default configurations of Layer 2 protocol transparent transmission ............................................ 67
2.7.4 Configuring transparent transmission parameters ......................................................................... 67
2.7.5 Checking configuration ................................................................................................................... 68
2.7.6 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................... 68
2.7.7 Configuring Layer 2 protocol transparent transmission.................................................................. 68
3 IP services .............................................................................................................................72
3.1 ARP ............................................................................................................................................ 72
3.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 72
3.1.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 73
3.1.3 Default configurations of ARP......................................................................................................... 73
3.1.4 Configuring static ARP table entries................................................................................................ 73
3.1.5 Configuring aging time of dynamic ARP entries ............................................................................. 74
3.1.6 Configuring dynamic ARP entry learning mode.............................................................................. 74
3.1.7 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 74
3.1.8 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................... 74
3.1.9 Configuring ARP .............................................................................................................................. 75

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3.2 Layer 3 interface ......................................................................................................................... 76
3.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 76
3.2.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 76
3.2.3 Configuring the Layer 3 interface.................................................................................................... 76
3.2.4 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 77
3.2.5 Example for configuring Layer 3 interface to interconnect with host............................................. 77
3.3 Default gateway.......................................................................................................................... 79
3.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 79
3.3.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 79
3.3.3 Configuring the default gateway..................................................................................................... 79
3.3.4 Configuring static route................................................................................................................... 80
3.3.5 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 80
3.4 DHCP Client ................................................................................................................................ 80
3.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 80
3.4.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 83
3.4.3 Default configurations of DHCP client............................................................................................. 83
3.4.4 Applying the IP address through DHCP........................................................................................... 83
3.4.5 (Optional) configuring DHCP client ................................................................................................. 84
3.4.6 (Optional) Renewing or releasing the IP address............................................................................ 84
3.4.7 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 85
3.4.8 Configuring DHCP clients application.............................................................................................. 85
3.5 DHCP Relay ................................................................................................................................. 86
3.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 86
3.5.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 87
3.5.3 Default configurations of DHCP Relay............................................................................................. 87
3.5.4 Configuring global DHCP Relay ....................................................................................................... 87
3.5.5 Configuring interface DHCP Relay................................................................................................... 87
3.5.6 Configuring the destination IP address for forwarding packets...................................................... 88
3.5.7 (Optional) configuring DHCP Relay to support Option 82 .............................................................. 88
3.5.8 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 88
3.6 DHCP Snooping ........................................................................................................................... 89
3.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 89
3.6.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 90
3.6.3 Default configurations of DHCP Snooping ...................................................................................... 90
3.6.4 Configuring DHCP Snooping............................................................................................................ 90
3.6.5 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 91
3.6.6 Example for configuring DHCP Snooping ........................................................................................ 91
3.7 DHCP options.............................................................................................................................. 93
3.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 93
3.7.2 Preparing for configurations ........................................................................................................... 94
3.7.3 Default configurations of DHCP Option .......................................................................................... 94
3.7.4 Configuring DHCP Option field........................................................................................................ 95
3.7.5 Checking configurations.................................................................................................................. 95
4 QoS .......................................................................................................................................96
4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 96
4.1.1 Service model.................................................................................................................................. 96
4.1.2 Priority trust.................................................................................................................................... 97
4.1.3 Traffic classification......................................................................................................................... 97
4.1.4 Traffic policy .................................................................................................................................... 99

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4.1.5 Priority mapping ........................................................................................................................... 100
4.1.6 Congestion management.............................................................................................................. 100
4.1.7 Rate limiting based on interface and VLAN .................................................................................. 101
4.2 Configuring basic QoS................................................................................................................ 102
4.2.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 102
4.2.2 Default configurations of basic QoS.............................................................................................. 102
4.2.3 Enabling global QoS ...................................................................................................................... 102
4.2.4 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 102
4.3 Configuring traffic classification and traffic policy....................................................................... 103
4.3.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 103
4.3.2 Default configurations of traffic classification and traffic policy................................................... 103
4.3.3 Creating traffic classification......................................................................................................... 103
4.3.4 Configuring traffic classification rules........................................................................................... 103
4.3.5 Creating token bucket and rate limiting rules............................................................................... 104
4.3.6 Creating traffic policy .................................................................................................................... 105
4.3.7 Defining traffic policy mapping ..................................................................................................... 105
4.3.8 Defining traffic policy operations.................................................................................................. 105
4.3.9 Applying traffic policy to interfaces .............................................................................................. 106
4.3.10 Checking configurations.............................................................................................................. 107
4.3.11 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................... 107
4.4 Configuring priority mapping..................................................................................................... 107
4.4.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 107
4.4.2 Default configurations of basic QoS.............................................................................................. 108
4.4.3 Configuring interface trust priority type....................................................................................... 108
4.4.4 Configuring CoS to local priority ................................................................................................... 109
4.4.5 Configuring mapping from DSCP to local priority ......................................................................... 109
4.4.6 Configuring mapping from local priority to DSCP ......................................................................... 109
4.4.7 Configuring all-traffic modification on the interface .................................................................... 110
4.4.8 Configuring specific-traffic modification....................................................................................... 110
4.4.9 Configuring CoS copying ............................................................................................................... 110
4.4.10 Checking configurations.............................................................................................................. 111
4.5 Configuring congestion management......................................................................................... 111
4.5.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 111
4.5.2 Default configurations of congestion management ..................................................................... 112
4.5.3 Configuring SP queue scheduling.................................................................................................. 112
4.5.4 Configuring WRR or SP+WRR queue scheduling........................................................................... 112
4.5.5 Configuring queue transmission rate............................................................................................ 112
4.5.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 113
4.6 Configuring rate limiting based on interface and VLAN ............................................................... 113
4.6.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 113
4.6.2 Configuring rate limiting based on interface ................................................................................ 113
4.6.3 Configuring rate limiting based on VLAN...................................................................................... 114
4.6.4 Configuring rate limiting based on QinQ ...................................................................................... 114
4.6.5 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 114
4.6.6 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 114
4.7 Configuring examples................................................................................................................ 115
4.7.1 Example for configuring congestion management ....................................................................... 115
4.7.2 Example for configuring rate limiting based on interface............................................................. 117
5 Multicast............................................................................................................................. 119

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5.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 119
5.1.2 IGMP Snooping ............................................................................................................................. 121
5.1.3 MVR............................................................................................................................................... 122
5.1.4 MVR Proxy..................................................................................................................................... 122
5.1.5 IGMP filtering................................................................................................................................ 123
5.2 Configuring IGMP Snooping....................................................................................................... 124
5.2.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 124
5.2.2 Default configurations of IGMP Snooping .................................................................................... 124
5.2.3 Enabling global IGMP Snooping.................................................................................................... 125
5.2.4 (Optional) enabling IGMP Snooping on VLANs............................................................................. 125
5.2.5 Configuring the multicast router interface ................................................................................... 125
5.2.6 (Optional) configuring the aging time of IGMP Snooping............................................................. 126
5.2.7 (Optional) configuring instance leaving ........................................................................................ 126
5.2.8 (Optional) configuring static multicast forwarding table.............................................................. 127
5.2.9 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 127
5.3 Configuring MVR....................................................................................................................... 128
5.3.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 128
5.3.2 Default configurations of MVR...................................................................................................... 128
5.3.3 Configuring MVR basic information.............................................................................................. 128
5.3.4 Configuring MVR interface information........................................................................................ 129
5.3.5 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 130
5.4 Configuring MVR Proxy ............................................................................................................. 130
5.4.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 130
5.4.2 Default configurations of IGMP Proxy........................................................................................... 131
5.4.3 Configuring IGMP Proxy ................................................................................................................ 131
5.4.4 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 132
5.5 Configuring IGMP filtering ......................................................................................................... 132
5.5.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 132
5.5.2 Default configurations of IGMP filtering ....................................................................................... 133
5.5.3 Enabling global IGMP filtering ...................................................................................................... 133
5.5.4 Configuring IGMP filtering rules.................................................................................................... 133
5.5.5 Applying IGMP filtering rules ........................................................................................................ 134
5.5.6 Configuring the maximum multicast group number .................................................................... 134
5.5.7 Checking configuration ................................................................................................................. 135
5.6 Maintenance............................................................................................................................. 135
5.7 Configuration examples............................................................................................................. 136
5.7.1 Example for configuring IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................... 136
5.7.2 Example for configuring MVR and MVR Proxy.............................................................................. 137
5.7.3 Example for applying IGMP filtering and maximum multicast group number to the interface ... 140
5.7.4 Example for applying IGMP filtering and maximum multicast group number to the VLAN......... 142
6 Security............................................................................................................................... 145
6.1 ACL........................................................................................................................................... 145
6.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 145
6.1.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 146
6.1.3 Default configurations of ACL ....................................................................................................... 146
6.1.4 Configuring IP ACL......................................................................................................................... 147
6.1.5 Configuring MAC ACL .................................................................................................................... 147
6.1.6 Configuring MAP ACL .................................................................................................................... 147
6.1.7 Applying ACL ................................................................................................................................. 150

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6.1.8 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 152
6.1.9 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 152
6.2 Secure MAC address.................................................................................................................. 152
6.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 152
6.2.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 154
6.2.3 Default configurations of secure MAC address............................................................................. 154
6.2.4 Configuring basic functions of secure MAC address..................................................................... 154
6.2.5 Configuring static secure MAC address......................................................................................... 155
6.2.6 Configuring dynamic secure MAC address ................................................................................... 156
6.2.7 Configuring Sticky secure MAC address........................................................................................ 156
6.2.8 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 157
6.2.9 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 157
6.2.10 Example for configuring secure MAC address ............................................................................ 157
6.3 Dynamic ARP inspection............................................................................................................ 159
6.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 159
6.3.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 161
6.3.3 Default configurations of dynamic ARP inspection....................................................................... 161
6.3.4 Configuring trusted interfaces of dynamic ARP inspection .......................................................... 161
6.3.5 Configuring static binding of dynamic ARP inspection ................................................................. 162
6.3.6 Configuring dynamic binding of dynamic ARP inspection ............................................................ 162
6.3.7 Configuring protection VLAN of dynamic ARP inspection ............................................................ 162
6.3.8 Configuring rate limiting on ARP packets on the interface ........................................................... 162
6.3.9 Configuring global ARP packet rate limiting auto-recovery time.................................................. 163
6.3.10 Checking configurations.............................................................................................................. 163
6.3.11 Example for configuring dynamic ARP inspection ...................................................................... 163
6.4 RADIUS..................................................................................................................................... 166
6.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 166
6.4.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 166
6.4.3 Default configurations of RADIUS ................................................................................................. 167
6.4.4 Configuring RADIUS authentication.............................................................................................. 167
6.4.5 Configuring RADIUS accounting.................................................................................................... 168
6.4.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 168
6.4.7 Example for configuring RADIUS................................................................................................... 169
6.5 TACACS+ ................................................................................................................................... 170
6.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 170
6.5.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 170
6.5.3 Default configurations of TACACS+ ............................................................................................... 171
6.5.4 Configuring TACACS+ authentication............................................................................................ 171
6.5.5 Configuring TACACS+ accounting.................................................................................................. 172
6.5.6 Configuring TACACS+ authorization .............................................................................................. 172
6.5.7 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 173
6.5.8 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 173
6.5.9 Example for configuring TACACS+................................................................................................. 173
6.6 Storm control............................................................................................................................ 174
6.6.1 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 175
6.6.2 Default configurations of storm control........................................................................................ 175
6.6.3 Configuring storm control............................................................................................................. 175
6.6.4 Configuring DLF packet forwarding............................................................................................... 176
6.6.5 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 176
6.6.6 Example for configuring storm control ......................................................................................... 176

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6.7 802.1x ...................................................................................................................................... 177
6.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 177
6.7.2 Preparing for configruations ......................................................................................................... 179
6.7.3 Default configurations of 802.1x................................................................................................... 180
6.7.4 Configuring basic functions of 802.1x........................................................................................... 180
6.7.5 Configuring 802.1x re-authentication........................................................................................... 181
6.7.6 Configuring 802.1x timers............................................................................................................. 181
6.7.7 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 182
6.7.8 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 182
6.7.9 Example for configuring 802.1x .................................................................................................... 183
6.8 IP Source Guard ........................................................................................................................ 184
6.8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 184
6.8.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 186
6.8.3 Default configurations of IP Source Guard.................................................................................... 186
6.8.4 Configuring interface trust status of IP Source Guard .................................................................. 186
6.8.5 Configuring IP Source Guide binding ............................................................................................ 186
6.8.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 188
6.8.7 Example for configuring IP Source Guard ..................................................................................... 188
6.9 PPPoE+ ..................................................................................................................................... 190
6.9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 190
6.9.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 191
6.9.3 Default configurations of PPPoE+ ................................................................................................. 192
6.9.4 Configuring basic functions of PPPoE+ ......................................................................................... 192
6.9.5 Configuring PPPoE+ packet information ....................................................................................... 193
6.9.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 195
6.9.7 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 195
6.9.8 Example for configuring PPPoE+ ................................................................................................... 195
6.10 Loopback detection................................................................................................................. 197
6.10.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 197
6.10.2 Preparing for configurations ....................................................................................................... 198
6.10.3 Default configurations of loopback detection ............................................................................ 198
6.10.4 Configuring loopback detection.................................................................................................. 199
6.10.5 Checking configurations.............................................................................................................. 200
6.10.6 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................... 200
6.10.7 Example for configuring loopback detection .............................................................................. 200
6.11 Line detection ......................................................................................................................... 202
6.11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 202
6.11.2 Preparing for configurations ....................................................................................................... 202
6.11.3 Configuring line detection........................................................................................................... 202
6.11.4 Checking configurations.............................................................................................................. 202
6.11.5 Example for configuring line detection....................................................................................... 203
7 Reliability ............................................................................................................................ 205
7.1 Link aggregation........................................................................................................................ 205
7.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 205
7.1.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 206
7.1.3 Default configurations of link aggregation.................................................................................... 206
7.1.4 Configuring manual link aggregation ............................................................................................ 207
7.1.5 Configuring static LACP link aggregation....................................................................................... 207
7.1.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 209

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7.1.7 Example for configuring manual link aggregation ........................................................................ 209
7.1.8 Example for configuring static LACP link aggregation................................................................... 211
7.2 Interface backup ....................................................................................................................... 213
7.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 213
7.2.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 215
7.2.3 Default configurations of interface backup................................................................................... 215
7.2.4 Configuring basic functions of interface backup........................................................................... 215
7.2.5 (Optional) configuring force switching on interfaces.................................................................... 216
7.2.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 216
7.2.7 Example for configuring interface backup .................................................................................... 217
7.3 Failover..................................................................................................................................... 219
7.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 219
7.3.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 219
7.3.3 Default configurations of failover ................................................................................................. 219
7.3.4 Configuring failover....................................................................................................................... 220
7.3.5 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 220
7.3.6 Example for configuring failover ................................................................................................... 221
7.4 STP ........................................................................................................................................... 223
7.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 223
7.4.2 Preparation for configuration ....................................................................................................... 225
7.4.3 Default configurations of STP........................................................................................................ 225
7.4.4 Enabling STP.................................................................................................................................. 226
7.4.5 Configuring STP parameters.......................................................................................................... 226
7.4.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 227
7.4.7 Example for configuring STP ......................................................................................................... 227
7.5 MSTP........................................................................................................................................ 230
7.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 230
7.5.2 Preparation for configuration ....................................................................................................... 233
7.5.3 Default configurations of MSTP .................................................................................................... 233
7.5.4 Enable MSTP ................................................................................................................................. 234
7.5.5 Configuring MST domain and its maximum hop count ................................................................ 234
7.5.6 Configuring root bridge/backup bridge ........................................................................................ 235
7.5.7 Configuring device interface and system priority ......................................................................... 236
7.5.8 Configuring network diameter for switch network ...................................................................... 236
7.5.9 Configuring inner path overhead for interfaces............................................................................ 237
7.5.10 Configuring external path cost for interface ............................................................................... 237
7.5.11 Configuring maximum transmitting speed for interface............................................................. 238
7.5.12 Configuring MSTP timer.............................................................................................................. 238
7.5.13 Configuring edge interface.......................................................................................................... 239
7.5.14 Configuring STP/MSTP mode switching ...................................................................................... 239
7.5.15 Configuring link type................................................................................................................... 240
7.5.16 Configuring root interface protection......................................................................................... 240
7.5.17 Configuring interface loopguard................................................................................................. 241
7.5.18 Executing mcheck operation....................................................................................................... 241
7.5.19 Checking configuration ............................................................................................................... 242
7.5.20 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................... 242
7.5.21 Example for configuring MSTP.................................................................................................... 242
7.6 ERPS ......................................................................................................................................... 248
7.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 248
7.6.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 248

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7.6.3 Default configurations of ERPS ..................................................................................................... 249
7.6.4 Creating ERPS ring......................................................................................................................... 249
7.6.5 (Optional) creating ERPS sub-ring................................................................................................. 251
7.6.6 Configuring ERPS fault detection .................................................................................................. 252
7.6.7 (Optional) configuring ERPS switching control ............................................................................. 253
7.6.8 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 254
7.6.9 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 254
7.7 RRPS......................................................................................................................................... 254
7.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 254
7.7.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 256
7.7.3 Default configurations of RRPS ..................................................................................................... 257
7.7.4 Creating RRPS................................................................................................................................ 257
7.7.5 Configuring basic functions of RRPS ............................................................................................. 257
7.7.6 Checking configuration ................................................................................................................. 259
7.7.7 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 259
7.7.8 Example for configuring Ethernet ring.......................................................................................... 259
8 OAM ................................................................................................................................... 262
8.1 EFM.......................................................................................................................................... 262
8.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 262
8.1.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 263
8.1.3 Default configurations of EFM ...................................................................................................... 264
8.1.4 Configuring basic functions of EFM .............................................................................................. 264
8.1.5 Configuring active functions of EFM............................................................................................. 265
8.1.6 Configuring passive functions of EFM........................................................................................... 267
8.1.7 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 268
8.1.8 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 269
8.1.9 Example for configuring EFM ........................................................................................................ 269
8.2 CFM.......................................................................................................................................... 270
8.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 271
8.2.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 272
8.2.3 Default configurations of CFM ...................................................................................................... 273
8.2.4 Enabling CFM ................................................................................................................................ 274
8.2.5 Configuring basic CFM functions .................................................................................................. 274
8.2.6 Configuring fault detection ........................................................................................................... 275
8.2.7 Configuring fault acknowledgement............................................................................................. 277
8.2.8 Configuring fault location.............................................................................................................. 278
8.2.9 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 279
8.2.10 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................... 279
8.2.11 Example for configuring CFM...................................................................................................... 280
8.3 SLA ........................................................................................................................................... 283
8.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 283
8.3.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 283
8.3.3 Default configurations of SLA........................................................................................................ 284
8.3.4 Creating SLA operations................................................................................................................ 284
8.3.5 Configuring SLA scheduling........................................................................................................... 285
8.3.6 Checking configuration ................................................................................................................. 285
8.3.7 Example for configuring SLA ......................................................................................................... 286
9 System management ........................................................................................................... 288

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9.1 SNMP ....................................................................................................................................... 288
9.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 288
9.1.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 290
9.1.3 Default configurations of SNMP.................................................................................................... 290
9.1.4 Configuring basic functions of SNMP v1/v2c................................................................................ 291
9.1.5 Configuring basic functions of SNMP v3....................................................................................... 292
9.1.6 Configuring other information of SNMP....................................................................................... 294
9.1.7 Configuring Trap............................................................................................................................ 294
9.1.8 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 295
9.1.9 Example for configuring SNMP v1/v2c and Trap........................................................................... 296
9.1.10 Example for configuring SNMP v3 and Trap................................................................................ 298
9.2 KeepAlive ................................................................................................................................. 300
9.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 300
9.2.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 300
9.2.3 Default configurations of KeepAlive.............................................................................................. 301
9.2.4 Configuring KeepAlive................................................................................................................... 301
9.2.5 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 301
9.2.6 Example for configuring KeepAlive ............................................................................................... 302
9.3 RMON ...................................................................................................................................... 303
9.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 303
9.3.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 304
9.3.3 Default configurations of RMON................................................................................................... 304
9.3.4 Configuring RMON statistics ......................................................................................................... 304
9.3.5 Configuring RMON historical statistics.......................................................................................... 305
9.3.6 Configuring RMON alarm group ................................................................................................... 305
9.3.7 Configuring RMON event group.................................................................................................... 306
9.3.8 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 306
9.3.9 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 307
9.3.10 Example for configuring RMON alarm group.............................................................................. 307
9.4 LLDP ......................................................................................................................................... 308
9.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 308
9.4.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 310
9.4.3 Default configurations of LLDP...................................................................................................... 310
9.4.4 Enabling global LLDP ..................................................................................................................... 311
9.4.5 Enabling interface LLDP................................................................................................................. 311
9.4.6 Configuring basic functions of LLDP.............................................................................................. 311
9.4.7 Configuring LLDP alarm................................................................................................................. 312
9.4.8 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 312
9.4.9 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 313
9.4.10 Example for configuring basic functions of LLDP ........................................................................ 313
9.5 Extended OAM.......................................................................................................................... 316
9.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 316
9.5.2 Preparation for configuration ....................................................................................................... 317
9.5.3 Default configurations of extended OAM ..................................................................................... 318
9.5.4 Establishing OAM link ................................................................................................................... 318
9.5.5 Configure extended OAM protocols ............................................................................................. 318
9.5.6 Entering remote configuration mode ........................................................................................... 319
9.5.7 (Optional) showing remote extended OAM capacity ................................................................... 319
9.5.8 Configuring remote host name..................................................................................................... 320
9.5.9 Configuring MTU for the remote device....................................................................................... 320

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9.5.10 Configuring the IP address of the remote device ....................................................................... 321
9.5.11 Configuring interface parameters on the remote device............................................................ 321
9.5.12 Uploading and downloading files on the remote device............................................................ 323
9.5.13 Configuring remote network management ................................................................................ 326
9.5.14 Configuring remote VLAN ........................................................................................................... 327
9.5.15 Configuring remote QinQ............................................................................................................ 328
9.5.16 Managing remote configuration files.......................................................................................... 329
9.5.17 Rebooting remote device............................................................................................................ 330
9.5.18 Checking configuration ............................................................................................................... 330
9.5.19 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................... 331
9.5.20 Example for configuring extended OAM to manage the remote device .................................... 331
9.6 Optical module DDM................................................................................................................. 333
9.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 333
9.6.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 333
9.6.3 Default configurations of optical module DDM ............................................................................ 333
9.6.4 Enabling optical module DDM ...................................................................................................... 334
9.6.5 Enabling optical module DDM to send Trap messages................................................................. 334
9.6.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 334
9.7 System log ................................................................................................................................ 335
9.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 335
9.7.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 336
9.7.3 Default configurations of system log ............................................................................................ 336
9.7.4 Configuring basic information of system log................................................................................. 337
9.7.5 Configuring system log output...................................................................................................... 337
9.7.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 338
9.7.7 Example for outputting system logs to log server......................................................................... 338
9.8 Power monitoring ..................................................................................................................... 339
9.8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 339
9.8.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 339
9.8.3 Default configurations of power monitoring ................................................................................ 339
9.8.4 Configuring power monitoring alarm ........................................................................................... 340
9.8.5 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 340
9.9 CPU monitoring......................................................................................................................... 340
9.9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 340
9.9.2 Preparing for configurations ......................................................................................................... 341
9.9.3 Default configurations of CPU monitoring.................................................................................... 341
9.9.4 Viewing CPU monitoring information ........................................................................................... 341
9.9.5 Configuring CPU monitoring alarm ............................................................................................... 341
9.9.6 Checking configurations................................................................................................................ 342
9.10 Ping ........................................................................................................................................ 342
9.11 Traceroute .............................................................................................................................. 342
10 Appendix........................................................................................................................... 344
10.1 Terms...................................................................................................................................... 344
10.2 Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................... 349

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Figures
Figure 1-1 Accessing the A10E/A28E through PC connected with Console interface 2
Figure 1-2 Communication parameters configuration in Hyper Terminal 3
Figure 1-3 Networking with the A10E/A28E as Telnet server 3
Figure 1-4 A10E/A28E as Telnet client networking 4
Figure 1-5 Configuring auto-loading 32
Figure 2-1 MAC application networking 39
Figure 2-2 Dividing VLANs 41
Figure 2-3 Typical networking with basic QinQ 46
Figure 2-4 Basic QinQ networking application 49
Figure 2-5 Selective QinQ networking application 52
Figure 2-6 Networking with VLAN mapping based on single Tag 54
Figure 2-7 VLAN mapping application networking 57
Figure 2-8 Interface protection application networking 60
Figure 2-9 Port mirroring principle 63
Figure 2-10 Port mirroring application networking 65
Figure 2-11 Layer 2 protocol transparent transmission application networking 69
Figure 3-1 Configuring ARP networking application 75
Figure 3-2 Layer 3 interface configuration networking 78
Figure 3-3 DHCP typical application networking 81
Figure 3-4 Structure of DHCP packets 81
Figure 3-5 DHCP client networking 83
Figure 3-6 DHCP client networking 85
Figure 3-7 DHCP Relay application networking 86
Figure 3-8 DHCP Snooping networking 89
Figure 3-9 DHCP Snooping networking application 92
Figure 4-1 Traffic classification 98
Figure 4-2 Structure of IP packet head 98
Figure 4-3 Structure of IP priority and DSCP priority 98
Figure 4-4 Structure of VLAN packets 98
Figure 4-5 Structure of CoS priority packets 99
Figure 4-6 SP scheduling 101
Figure 4-7 WRR scheduling 101
Figure 4-8 Configure queue schedule networking 115
Figure 4-9 Rate limiting based on interface 117
Figure 5-1 Mapping relation between IPv4 multicast address and multicast MAC address 121
Figure 5-2 IGMP Snooping application networking 136
Figure 5-3 MVR application networking 138
Figure 5-4 Applying IGMP filtering on the interface 141
Figure 5-5 Applying IGMP filtering in the VLAN 143
Figure 6-1 Configuring secure MAC address 158
Figure 6-2 Principle of dynamic ARP inspection 160
Figure 6-3 Configuring dynamic ARP inspection 164

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Figure 6-4 Configuring RADIUS 169
Figure 6-5 Configuring TACACS+ 174
Figure 6-6 Configuring storm control 177
Figure 6-7 802.1x structure 178
Figure 6-8 Configuring 802.1x 183
Figure 6-9 IP Source Guard principle 185
Figure 6-10 Configuring IP Source Guard 189
Figure 6-11 Accessing the network through PPPoE authentication 191
Figure 6-12 Configuring PPPoE+ 196
Figure 6-13 Loopback detection networking 198
Figure 6-14 Loopback detection application 201
Figure 6-15 Line detection application networking 203
Figure 7-1 Configuring manual link aggregation 210
Figure 7-2 Configuring static LACP link aggregation 211
Figure 7-3 Principles of interface backup 214
Figure 7-4 Application of interface backup in different VLANs 214
Figure 7-5 Configuring interface backup 217
Figure 7-6 Configuring failover 221
Figure 7-7 Network storm due to loopback 223
Figure 7-8 Loop networking with STP 224
Figure 7-9 VLAN packet forward failure due to RSTP 225
Figure 7-10 STP application networking 227
Figure 7-11 Basic concepts of the MSTI network 231
Figure 7-12 MSTI concepts 232
Figure 7-13 Networking of multiple spanning trees instances in MST domain 233
Figure 7-14 MSTP application networking 243
Figure 7-15 RRPS in normal status 255
Figure 7-16 RRPS in switching status 256
Figure 7-17 RRPS application networking 259
Figure 8-1 OAM classification 263
Figure 8-2 Configuring EFM 269
Figure 8-3 Different MD Levels 271
Figure 8-4 Network Sketch Map of MEP and MIP 272
Figure 8-5 CFM application 280
Figure 8-6 SLA application networking 286
Figure 9-1 Working mechanism of SNMP 289
Figure 9-2 SNMP v3 authentication mechanism 293
Figure 9-3 Configuring SNMP v1/v2c and Trap 296
Figure 9-4 Configuring SNMP v3 and Trap 298
Figure 9-5 Configuring KeepAlive 302
Figure 9-6 RMON 303
Figure 9-7 Configuring RMON alarm group 307
Figure 9-8 LLDPDU structure 309
Figure 9-9 Basic TLV structure 309
Figure 9-10 Configuring basic functions of LLDP 314
Figure 9-11 Extended OAM application networking 316
Figure 9-12 Configuring extended OAM to manage the remote device 331
Figure 9-13 Outputting system logs to log servers 338

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Tables
Table 1-1 Function keys description for command line message display characteristics 13
Table 2-1 Interface mode and packet processing 41
Table 3-1 Fields definition of DHCP packets 81
Table 3-2 Common DHCP options 93
Table 4-1 Mapping relationship of local priority, DSCP priority, and CoS priority 100
Table 4-2 Mapping between local priority and queue 100
Table 4-3 Default CoS to local priority and color mapping relationship 108
Table 4-4 Default DSCP to local priority and color mapping relationship 108
Table 9-1 TLV type 309
Table 9-2 Log level 335