Pacific Microsonics Two HDCD User manual

Model Two
HDCD®
A/D Converter
D/A Converter
Digital Processor
User’s Manual
Version 3.01
PN 9300-0020 Rev. C
Euphonix, Inc.
220 Portage Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94306
Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
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This User’s Manual contains information needed to properly install and operate the Model
Two. Please read the Installation section before connecting AC power! The Installation
and Set Up & Operation sections of this manual should also be read before first use of the
Model Two.
Model Two User’s Manual Versions correspond to Model Two Software Versions. Verify that
the Software Version listed on page one of this manual matches the Version listed in the
Software Version Menu accessible through the Model Two’s Graphic Display. For details, see
page 65 in the Reference Section. If the Versions do not match, please contact Euphonix
to obtain the correct User’s Manual, or update the Software Version.
Euphonix is committed to the ongoing support of our products and customers. If we can be of
assistance in any way, please call us at [phone], Monday through Friday, between 9:00 AM
and 5:00 PM Pacific Time, or fax us at [phone]. You can also contact customer service by
visiting our Web site at www.euphonix.com. For additional information on HDCD products and tech-
nology, please visit www.hdcd.com.
©2002 Euphonix, Inc.
All rights reserved.
2
Overview Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002

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Model Two Processor, 4
Model Two Power Supply, 4
DC Power Cable, 4
AC Power Cable, 4
Power Up, 5
Setting Analog Connector Pin Polarity, 5
Setting Analog Input Attenuation, 6
Analog Connections, 7
Analog Output Networks, 7
Digital Connections, 7
AES Signal Ground Isolators, 8
Model Two Processor Description, 9
Model Two Processor Front Panel Controls, 9
Model Two Processor Rear Panel, 10
Model Two Power Supply Description, 11
Setup & Operation
Model Two Rev. 3.01 Software Features, 12
Front Panel Controls and Displays, 13
Signal Level Meter, 13
Meter Source, 14
Meter Display Mode, 14
Peak Level Hold, 14
Signal Over Segments, 15
Peak Extension/HDCD Limiting Meters, 15
Meter Reset Button, 15
Meter Setup, 15
Monitoring, 16
Power Switch, 16
Graphic Display, 17
Menu Up and down Buttons, 17
Function Buttons, 17
Enter Button, 17
Rotary Control, 17
System Status Indicator, 18
Clock Indicators, 18
HDCD Indicator, 18
Operating Modes, 19-23
Presets, 24
Factory Preset Configurations, 24-25
Using the Model Two as a Master Word Clock Generator, 26
Setup for AD and DD Operating Modes, 26
Setup for AD and DD Multichannel Operation, 26-27
Recording From an Analog Source, 27
Setup for 44.1/48 kHz, 88.2/96 kHz
and 176.4/192 kHz A/D Conversion, 27-29
Setup for 44.1/48kHz A/D conversion
With Simultaneous D to D Processing, 29
Digital Post Production Processing, 30
Setup for 44.1 kHz Word Length Conversion
& HDCD 16-bit Encoding, 30
Setup for 88.2/96 kHz to 44.1/48 kHz Decimation
& Word Length Conversion, 30
Setup for 44.1/48 kHz to 88.2/96 kHz
Interpolation & Word Length Conversion, 31
Setup for 176.4/192 kHz to 44.1/48 kHz
Decimation & Word Length Conversion, 32
Setup for 44.1/48 kHz to 176.4/192 kHz
Interpolation & Word Length Conversion, 32
DAC-Monitoring System Performance Optimization, 32-33
Compact Disc Release Mastering, 33
HDCD Silence, 33
Processing HDCD 16-bit Signals, 33
A/D Conversion of Analog Tape Recordings, 34
Creating the 16-Bit HDCD Release Sound You Want, 35
HDCD16-bit Amplitude Encoding & Dither Options, 35
Peak Extension & HDCD Limiting, 35
DSP Gain, 36
Low Level Extension, 36
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Table of Contents Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
HDCD 16-bit Dithers, 37
Operating Techniques, 37
Limited Dynamic Range Pop or Rock, 37
Wide Dynamic Range Jazz or classical, 38
Reference
Menu Structure, 39
Menu Tree, 40
Menu Descriptions, 41
Operating Menu, 41
Second Operating Menu, 41
Monitor Source Menu, 42
Levels Menu, 42-44
Setup Menu, 44-45
44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu, 45
Operating Mode 1_X Modes Menu, 46
Operating Mode 2_X Modes Menu, 46
Operating Mode 4_X Modes Menu, 47
Digital Output Menu, 47-48
Digital Output 1 Word Length Menu, 48
Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither Menu, 48-49
Digital Output 2 Word Length Menu, 49
Output 2 HDCD_16 Dither Menu, 50
Digital Output Word Length Menu, 50
Digital Output Phase Invert Menu, 51
Digital Output HDCD Setup Menu, 51
Digital Output Format Menu, 52
Analog Input Menu, 52
A/D Reference Clock Menu, 53
A/D Filter Mode Menu, 53
Monitor Input HDCD Code Detect Menu, 54
Monitor Reference Clock Menu, 54
External Ref Clock Frequency Menu, 55
Monitor Digital Input Format Menu, 55
Digital Input Menu, 56
Digital Input HDCD Code Detect Menu, 56
Digital Input HDCD_16 Decoding Menu, 57
2X To 1X Filter Mode Menu, 57
Digital In Reference Clock Menu, 58
Digital Input Format Menu, 58
Recall Presets Menu, 59
System Menu, 59
Front Panel Display Menu, 60
Analog Polarity Menu, 60
DAC-System Optimize Menu, 60
Monitor Setup Menu, 61
Meter Setup Menu, 61
Meter Overload Light #1 Menu, 62
Meter Overload Light #2 Menu, 62
Store Presets Menu, 63
Store Preset Menu, 63
Rename Preset Menu, 64
Test Functions Menu, 64
Software Version Menu, 65
System Software Download, 65
Background, 65
Required Equipment, 65
Download Procedure, 66-67
Self-Test, 67
HDCD Overview, 68
16-bit Encoding, 68
16-bit Decoding, 68
HDCD Indicator, 69
Peak Extension and HDCD Limiting, 69
Low Level Extension, 70
Gain Scaling, 70
Processing HDCD 16-Bit Signals, 70
HDCD Silence, 70
Technical Specifications, 71-72
Appendix, 73-74
Installation

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Installation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
Initial Configuration
PLEASE: Read the following installation instructions BEFORE connecting AC power!
Model Two Processor
The Processor should be placed in an area free from noise generating devices such as
power supplies and power amplifiers. At least six inches should be provided to the rear of
the unit to allow for heat dissipation and airflow. A vibration isolated fan stabilizes the
Processor’s thermal environment. The Processor is designed for rack mounting, with four
front panel mounting holes and two rear rack mounting brackets, which must be used
unless the Processor is supported by a shelf. The rear brackets are included, but are not
installed on the unit when shipped.
A description of the Processor is on page 9 and its I/O connections are shown on page 10.
Model Two Power Supply
The Power Supply should not sit directly on top of or underneath the Processor. Note that
the Power Supply does not have a power switch and is active only when connected to the
Processor unit via the DC power cable and the Processor power is turned on.
A description and illustration of the Power Supply is on page 11.
DC Power Cable
CAUTION: Do not connect or disconnect the DC power cable from the Processor or
Power Supply while the Power Supply AC power cable is plugged in. Always unplug
the AC power cable before connecting or disconnecting the DC power cable.
The receptacle (female) end of the DC power cable is connected to the DC Power Input on
the back of the Processor, and the plug (male) end is connected to the DC Output on the
Power Supply. The connectors are keyed to ensure correct alignment and have a silver dot
at the “up” or 12 o’clock position.
AC Power Cable
CAUTION: Set the Power Supply AC Line Voltage before connecting the AC power
cable! Line Voltage settings are 100V, 120V, 220V, and 240V, 50/60 Hz, + 5% to - 10%.
Total power consumption is 200 Watts. If you are unsure of the actual line voltage,
measure it before connecting!
When connecting to 120 volt AC power, use a grounded three prong IEC plug and cord set.
When connecting to 100, 220, or 240 volt AC power, use a proper grounded plug and cord
set for that application.

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Installation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
AC power for the Model Two should be supplied by the same circuit and preferably the same
power outlet group as the AC power source for other equipment, such as analog tape
machines or consoles, whose outputs will be connected to the Model Two’s analog inputs.
This will minimize the possibility of ground loops.
Power Up
Press the Power Switch on the Processor front panel to turn on the Processor and Power
Supply. The System Status Indicator will be lit orange, the A/D and D/A Clock Indicators
will be lit green, and the HDCD Indicator will be lit purple. The Graphic Display will mo-
mentarily display the following messages: “HDCD BOOT VERSION”, “STARTING HDCD...” and
“Loading DSP#1..” through “#8”. The System and Clock Indicators will then usually indi-
cate normal operation (green) and the HDCD Indicator will go dark or remain lit depending
on system set up. Power up is complete when an Operating Menu appears on the Graphic
Display similar to the one shown below.
At power up all settings will remain as they were prior to power off. From the Operating
Menu, all Processor functions are accessible. Function buttons (see page 17) are used to
navigate through menus and select items within the menus. Selected items become active
by pressing the ENTER button, or by toggling between selections. At any time, the Operat-
ing Menu can be accessed by pressing and holding the MENU UP button.
Setting Analog Connector Pin Polarity
The Processor allows the XLR connector pin polarity of the analog input and outputs to be
set to either pin 2 or 3 hot. The factory default setting is pin 2 hot. To verify or change the
polarity setting, go to the Analog Polarity Menu. From the Operating Menu select (SETUP/
MORE.../SYSTEM/POLARTY). To change, use the function buttons to select either PIN2HOT
or PIN3HOT, and press ENTER to activate. For additional information, see the Analog Polar-
ity Menu on page 60.

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Installation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
Setting Analog Input Attenuation
Analog input attenuation is set in 1 dB steps allowing a peak input signal level over the
range of +24 dBu to +12 dBu to produce full scale digital record level. The Model Two is set
at the factory to +18 dBu, which is a typical peak signal level (With an operating level of
+4 dBu, and headroom of 14 dB, the peak level will be +18 dBu.). Analog input level
attenuation is set by placing jumpers on pins located behind a cover panel on the Processor’s
rear panel, directly above the XLR analog input connectors. To access the jumpers, remove
the two thumb screws holding the panel in place. The pins and jumpers are located as
follows:
The twelve pairs of pins on the left set Channel 1 and the twelve pairs of pins on the right
set Channel 2. Placing the jumpers on the outermost pair of pins on each side provides
maximum input sensitivity; a +12 dBu input signal will generate full scale record level.
Each position inward of the jumpers produces 1 dB of attenuation. Placing the jumpers on
the innermost pair of pins on each side produces 11 dB of attenuation, which will then
require a +23 dBu input signal for full scale record level.
If no jumpers are installed, 12 dB of attenuation is produced, requiring a +24 dBu input for
full scale record level. The unused jumpers should be stored horizontally across two pins,
as shown below, to keep them secure.
Jumpers set for +12 dB
+12 +12+18 +18+23 +23
Jumpers set for +23 dB
+12 +12+18 +18+23 +23
No Jumpers set for +24 dB
+12 +12+18 +18+23 +23

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Installation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
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Analog Connections
Analog Input and Output connections on the Model Two are balanced, using 3-pin XLR
connectors with either pin 2 or 3 set as hot (software selectable) and pin 1 as ground.
Input impedance is ≥13 kΩbalanced (≥6.5 kΩper leg); output impedance is 20 Ω
balanced (10 Ωper leg). If the audio source driving the Model Two is single ended, a
balanced interconnect cable should be used with the return wire tied to ground at the
sending end. If the audio output from the Model Two must drive an unbalanced load, use
pin 2 as high, pin 1 as ground, and lift pin 3 at the load or use pin 3 as high, pin 1 as
ground, and lift pin 2 at the load. CAUTION: Never connect the unused low pin to
ground, (pin 1) as that will short circuit one side of the Model Two’s actively bal-
anced, DC coupled, output amplifier, and seriously degrade performance.
Analog audio connections and grounds should be isolated electrically and physically from
digital signals, power conduits, and other noise sources. Audio cables should have low
impedance grounds and one-hundred percent RF shielding. Cables using a foil shield and
drain wire construction should not be used. They can produce voltages in the signal path
due to ground currents flowing between different pieces of equipment.
Analog Output Networks
HDCD Processor Analog Output Networks (AON’s) are designed to improve the high fre-
quency impedance match between the Model Two’s D/A analog output impedance, which is
about 10 Ωper leg, and the characteristic impedance of typical analog audio cables,
which is about 60 Ω. The improved impedance match better terminates reflected high
frequency energy in the cable, which can improve sonic clarity and purity. The AON’s are
designed to be connected between the Model Two’s analog outputs, and the audio cables
used to feed the monitoring system. Two AON’s are provided with each Model Two.
Use of the AON’s is optional. Depending on system variables, including the power band-
width and type of monitor power amplifiers used, and the length of audio cables, the
sound quality of the Model Two’s D/A’s may be preferred with or without the AON’s. It is
best to experiment by listening to a wide variety of different types of source material, both
with and without the AON’s installed. Note: The AON’s should be used only with load
impedances that are greater than 4 kΩbalanced (2 kΩper leg). The AON’s are designed
only for use with the Model Two. Use with other products is not recommended and may
result in unsatisfactory performance.
Digital Connections
The Digital Inputs and Outputs use 3-pin XLR connectors with pins 2 and 3 active, and pin
1 connected to chassis ground. Input and output impedances are 110 Ωbalanced. The
signal format is AES3.

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Installation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
For best performance, AES3 cables should have the chassis ground path isolated by a series
100 Ωresistor. Use of a low capacitance isolation transformer at the Model Two’s AES
signal inputs, or the AES Signal Ground Isolator described below at both inputs and out-
puts is also recommended. Cables sending AES3 or synchronization signals from the Model
Two to other equipment should have transformer isolation placed at the inputs of the
receiving equipment. If external transformers are used they should always be at the receiv-
ing end of the digital signal path and never at the transmitting end.
The Word Clock Ref Input/Output uses a BNC connector with its shield isolated from chas-
sis ground. An external 75 Ωterminating resistor must be used when Word Clock Ref is in
input mode. This allows a high impedance loop-through connection. When configured as
an output by selecting Reference Clock Master Mode (SETUP/INPUT/REFCLK/MASTER), the
Word Clock Ref connector outputs a special AC coupled word clock. See pages 26 and 27 for
more information. BNC word clock cables should not use low capacitance isolation trans-
formers because they are unable to pass TTL level signals.
AES Signal Ground Isolators
Pacific Microsonics AES Signal Ground Isolators are designed to break ground loops which
can occur between the grounds of digital and analog signal cables when they are con-
nected together by a single device that has both digital and analog signal connections,
such as the Model Two HDCD Processor. If not properly isolated, noise currents on grounds
have the potential to seriously degrade A to D and D to A converter performance.
The AES Signal Ground Isolators should be connected to all AES digital signal inputs and
outputs at the Model Two whenever they are in use. The AES Isolators are designed to be
used in series with standard AES cables that are connected to digital recorders, editing
workstations, etc. Four Isolators are provided with each Model Two.
The AES Ground Isolators consist of a number of turns of precision 110Ωbalanced, shielded
cable fed through multiple ferrite cores, each having a different selected permeability. The
cable is terminated with XLR-3 connectors. This construction provides 160 µH of inductive
filtering effective over a very wide range of frequencies. A 100 Ωresistor is also placed in
series with the pin 1 ground connection, providing further isolation.
Note: Pacific Microsonics recommends that as general practice, a 100 Ωresistor should be
installed in series with the pin 1 (shield) connection at the female connector end of all
AES cables to reduce the potential of digital ground loop noise.

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Installation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
POWER
P A C I F I C
M I C R O S O N I C S
UP DOWN
MENU
METER
RESET
1
678910 11 12
2345
SYSTEM CLOCK A/D D/A
ENTER
Model Two Processor Description
The Processor is contained in a 3 R.U. (5.25”) high, 19” wide X 19.25” deep, rack mount
enclosure with adjustable rear rack ears. The Processor contains the following subsystems:
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), Digital Signal Input/Output (DIO), Digital Signal Pro-
cessor (DSP), Digital to Analog Converter (DAC), and Front Panel Controller (FPC). The ADC
converts 2 channels of analog signals to digital at a sampling frequency of 192 kHz or
176.4 kHz. The DIO receives and transmits AES3 data, word clock, and RS-232 serial data.
The DSP performs all HDCD encoding, decoding, frequency and word length conversion,
digital signal gain changes, etc., employing eight Motorola 56009 Digital Signal Proces-
sors and one Pacific Microsonics PMD-100 HDCD Process Decoder ASIC. The DAC converts 2
channels of 24-bit to 16-bit digital data to analog signals. The FPC provides the interface
between the DSP and the front panel graphic display, signal level meters, and controls.
All Processor controls, except the Analog Input Attenuator, are located on the front panel
as shown below:
1“POWER” Switch 7“CLOCK” Indicators
2“MENU” “UP” and “DOWN” Buttons 8“HDCD”Indicator
3Function Buttons 1-5 (left to right) 9Signal Level Meters
4 “ENTER” Button 10 Peak Extension Meters
5Rotary Control 11 “METER RESET” Button
6 “SYSTEM” Status Indicator 12 Graphic Display

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Installation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
Processor rear panel I/O connections and Analog Input Attenuator.
1 DC Power Input Connects to the DC Output on the Power Supply using
(28-pin male) the supplied DC power cable.
2 Analog Input Left and right inputs accepting +12 to +24 dBu peak
(XLR balanced female) level analog signals. Pin polarity is selectable.
3 Analog Output Left and right outputs producing up to +24 dBu peak
(XLR balanced male) level analog signals. Pin polarity is selectable.
4a AES In 1 Two or one channel AES3 format digital signal
(XLR balanced female) input.
4b AES In 2 Two or one channel AES3 format digital signal
(XLR balanced female) input active only in certain modes.
5 RS-232 Serial data port for external computer loading
(D-Sub 9-Pin male) of system software.
6 AES Out 1 Two or one channel AES3 format digital signal
(XLR balanced male) output.
7 AES Out 2 Two or one channel AES3 format digital signal
(XLR balanced male) output.
8 AES In Ref AES3 format digital signal input used for external
(XLR balanced female) A/D clock sync reference.
9 Word Clock Ref I/O Square wave, AC coupled, digital signal input/output
(BNC) Unterminated used for word clock sync reference. Use as an input
requires external 75 Ωtermination.
10 Analog Input Access panel for jumper selectable analog input
Attenuator attenuator.
PUSH PUSH
Analog Input
PUSH PUSH
AES In
Ref
Ref
AES In
1
RS-232
AES Out
1AES Out 2
Word
Clock
12Analog Output
12
1
9
8
7
65
4a
5
3
5
210
+12 +12+18 +18+23+23
PUSH
AES In
2
4b

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Installation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
Model Two Power Supply Description
The Power Supply is contained in a 14” wide X 2.5” high X 12.25” long enclosure and
connects to the Processor using a 6 foot multiconductor DC power cable. To prevent ground
loops from occurring between the AC power ground and audio signal ground, there is no
ground connection between the Power Supply and the Processor. The Power Supply con-
nects to a 100V to 240V, 50/60 Hz AC power source using a standard IEC grounded AC
power cord. The rear panel connections on the Power Supply are as shown below:
AC Line Voltage
Select
1 DC Output Connector Connects from the Power Supply to the DC Input on the
(28-pin female) Processor using the supplied DC power cable.
2 AC Line Voltage Select Line voltage selection: 100V, 120V, 220V, 240V, AC, 50/60
Hz. (USA units are preset to 120V) AC input voltage must
be within a + 5% to - 10% range of the selected voltage.
3 AC Power Fuse Requires 3A (100V-120V) or 1.5A (220V-240V) 3AG fast
blow fuse.
4 AC Input Connector Connects to AC power outlet using grounded IEC AC
(IEC 3-pin male) power cord.

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Setup & Operation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
Model Two Rev. 3.01 Software Features
1. Precision Master Word Clock Output capability in all AD and DD operating modes. This
feature greatly reduces audible D/A conversion distortion caused by digital input signal
time base jitter by allowing both the A/D and D/A converters to be clocked by the Model
Two’s precision internal clock. The Model Two can also generate or lock to either 1X or 2X
reference clock frequencies in both AD and DD modes. See pages 26-27 for details.
2. Dual clock family operation at multiples of 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz, allowing A/D con-
version, D/A conversion and digital processing at 192 kHz, 176.4 kHz, 96 kHz, 88.2 kHz,
48 kHz, and 44.1 kHz. Digital I/O is selectable between single wire, double speed, or dual
wire, single speed AES at 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz. Input and output settings are independent.
3. HDCD for DVD-Audio, including automatic 24-bit, 20-bit, and 16-bit HDCD LSB code
insertion at all sampling frequencies to allow HDCD process detection by HDCD equipped
DVD-Audio playback equipment.
4. 44.1/48 kHz to 88.2/96 kHz and 176.4/192 kHz high resolution HDCD interpolation
filtering to provide very high accuracy for both D/A conversion and high sample rate
processing of 44.1/48 kHz signals.
5. HDCD Limiting, which is identical in function to Peak Extension, except that the
limiting curve is not undone during HDCD decoded playback.
6. DAC-System Optimize, which allows the operation of the Model Two’s D/A converters
to be precisely optimized to the performance characteristics of the monitor electronics
and power amplifier being used.
The Model Two has several new Operating Modes and Setup Menus to provide these capa-
bilities. Descriptions of the Operating Modes and Menus are at the following locations:
Setup and Operation Reference
Operating Modes, pgs. 19-23 Menu Tree, pg. 40
Factory Preset Configurations, pgs. 24-25 Second Operating Menu, pg. 41
Using the Model Two as a Master System 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu pg. 45
Word Clock Generator, pgs. 26-27 Operating Mode Menus, pg. 46
Recording From an Analog Source pgs. 27-30 Digital Output Format Menu, pg. 52
Digital Post Production Processing, pgs. 30-32 Analog Input Menus, pgs. 52-56
DAC-System Optimize, pg. 32 Digital Input Menus, pgs. 56-59
HDCD Limiting, pg. 35 DAC-System Optimize Menu, pg. 60
HDCD 16-bit Dithers, pg. 37

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Setup & Operation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
Front Panel Controls and Displays
All Processor controls, except the Analog Input Attenuator, are located on the front panel
shown below:
1 “POWER” Switch 7 “CLOCK” Indicators
2 “MENU” “UP” and “DOWN” Buttons 8 “HDCD”Indicator
3 Function Buttons 1-5 (left to right) 9 Signal Level Meters
4 “ENTER” Button 10 Peak Extension Meters
5 Rotary Control 11 “METER RESET” Button
6 “SYSTEM” Status Indicator 12 Graphic Display
Processor control and display functions are described below.
Note: Menu selections, starting from the Operating Menu, to access a menu or feature are
shown in (parentheses).
Signal Level Meters
The Signal Level Meters consist of two, four color LED bar graphs which indicate program
level for each channel. The LED ranges by color are shown below:
Green = - ∞to -11 dB
Yellow = -10 to -1 dB
Amber = 0 dB
Red = OVER
The range of -60 to -40dB is indicated in 5 dB steps, -40 to -20dB in 2 dB steps, and -20
to 0dB in 1 dB steps. OVER indication has two dedicated segments with individually ad-
POWER
P A C I F I C
M I C R O S O N I C S
UP DOWN
MENU
METER
RESET
1
678910 11 12
2345
SYSTEM CLOCK A/D D/A
ENTER

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Setup & Operation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
justable parameters (see pages 59 and 60 in the Reference Section to set OVER indication
parameters). Meter brightness is set in the Front Panel Display Menu (SETUP/MORE.../
SYSTEM/PANEL).
Meter Source
Meter signal sources are selected in the Operating Menu. The source options are: OUT_1
(Digital Output 1), OUT_2 (Digital Output 2), DIG_IN (Digital Input 1), except AD+DD44
and AD+DD48 Operating Modes also have DIG_IN2 (Digital Input 2). 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz,
176.4 kHz and 192 kHz Operating Modes have OUTPUT and DIG_IN only.
Meter Display Mode
Meter display mode options are selected in the Operating Menu. The options are NORMAL,
FINE, and BITS.
NORMAL Shows the full dynamic range of the metered signal with a bar displaying aver-
age signal level and a separate pip, which normally floats above the bar, indicating peak
level. A standard peak reading bar mode is also available by selecting PEAKBAR in the
Meter Display Menu (SETUP/MORE.../METER).
Off = No Signal Present
Green = - ∞to -11 dB Signal
Yellow = -10 dB to -1 dB Signal
Amber = 0 dB Signal
Red = Over Signal
FINE Displays average signal level at .2 dB per segment resolution, with the selected
meter operating reference level indicated by the green to yellow LED transition point. Two
adjacent LED segments are lit in fine mode, therefore exact reference level is indicated
when both one green and one yellow segment are lit. Two lit green segments mean the
level is low, and two lit yellow segments mean the level is high. The meter operating
reference level is set in the Meter Setup Menu (SETUP/MORE.../METER).
BITS Displays bit activity of the digital audio word, indicating active word length. The
MSB and bits 16, 20, and 24 are labeled on the bargraph.
Peak Level Hold
Peak level hold modes are selectable in the Meter Setup Menu (SETUP/MORE.../METER).
Peak level hold may be set to NONE, SHORT (1.5 seconds), LONG (4 seconds), or HOLD
(until reset). The Meter Reset button clears held peak indications.

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Setup & Operation Model Two HDCD®User’s Manual
Rev. C - January 2002
Signal Over Segments
Each channel has two red Signal Over Segments labeled OVER. The threshold and hold
characteristics of each segment are independently selectable using the Meter Overload
Light Menus (SETUP/MORE.../METER/OVRLD_1 or 2). The threshold for over segment #1
can be set for 1 to 4 consecutive over samples. The threshold for over segment #2 can be
set for 0 to 3 consecutive over samples beyond the segment #1 setting. When hold is
turned off, the over segment has the same hold parameters as the rest of the meter. When
hold is turned on, the over segment is held until reset.
Peak Extension/HDCD Limiting Meters
The Peak Extension/HDCD Limiting Meters are two rows of six red LEDs which indicate the
6 dB of extended range available when in HDCD Peak Extension or HDCD Limiting Mode.
The meters are only active when monitoring HDCD 16-bit signals using Peak Extension or
HDCD Limiting during recording, and signals with Peak Extension during playback. The six
LED’s illuminate from right to left, with each LED indicating 1dB of limiting. The full range
of the Peak Extension/HDCD Limiting Meters will illuminate after the amber 0 dB LED’s and
before the red Over LED’s on the Signal Level Meters.
For more information on Peak Extension and HDCD Limiting, see “Creating the 16-bit HDCD
Release Sound You Want” on page 35 in this section and page 69 in the Reference section.
Meter Reset Button
The Meter Reset Button is used to reset a held meter indication such as peak level or
overload.
Meter Setup
Meter setup functions, choices, and selection menu locations are as follows. For additional
information see pages 41, 61 and 62 in the Reference section.
Meter Function Choices Menu Location
Mode Normal, Fine, Bits Operating
Source Out 1, Out 2, Dig in 1, Dig in 2* Operating
Display Average/Peak or Peak Meter Setup
Peak Level Hold None, Short, Long, Hold Meter Setup
Overload Light Threshold Level, Hold On/Off Meter Overload Light
*Only in AD+DD44 and AD+DD48 Operating Modes

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Monitoring
In all Operating Modes, digital signal monitoring is available at the analog outputs. Moni-
tor function setup choices are shown below. For more information see the Menu Descrip-
tions in the Reference section, page 40.
Monitor Function Choices Menu Locations
Source Folwmtr*, Out 1, Out 2, Dig In Monitor Source
Level Stereo, Ch 1, Ch 2, -78 to +24 dBu** Levels
Phase Normal, Invert Monitor Setup
MONHD16 (HDCD 16-bit Auto, On, Off Mon.Set./Lvls/S.Op.
Amplitude Decoding)
Gain Scaling On, Off Mon. Setup/S.Op.
Input HDCD Code Detect 24-BIT, 20-BIT, 16-BIT Mon. Input HDCD
Code Detect
*Follow Meter
**-11.9 to +24 dBu at 88.2, 96, 176.4 and 192 kHz
Note: It is recommended that the Monitor Output Level be set close to +18 dBu to provide
the best combination of digital resolution and analog output stage performance.
Power Switch
CAUTION: Follow instructions in the Installation section before switching power on.
The Power Switch toggles between power on and power off. When the Model Two is off,
pressing the Power Switch will turn the Processor and Power Supply units on. At power up
all system settings remain as they were before power off. When the Model Two is on,
pressing the Power Switch will call up the Power Off Menu:
POWER OFF MENU
PWR_OFF CANCEL
Pressing the button labeled (PWR_OFF) will display the following prompt, “Power down
HDCD unit? Press ENTER to confirm, or any other key to cancel”. Press ENTER to turn off
power, or press the button labeled (CANCEL), or any other button, to cancel.

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Graphic Display
The back lit Graphic Display has 7 lines of text with 40 characters per line. The display
shows the current system operational, setup, and selection menus. Menu display formats
are described in detail in the Reference section, page 39. Display contrast and brightness
are adjustable using the Front Panel Display Menu. From the Operating Menu select (SETUP/
MORE.../SYSTEM/PANEL).
Menu Up and Down Buttons
These buttons are used to navigate up and down through the menu selections on the
Graphic Display. Press “UP” once to move up to the previously displayed menu or “DOWN”
to move down to the next menu in the current selection path. Pressing and holding “UP”
will step up through each previously displayed menu until the top level Operating Menu is
reached.
Function Buttons
The five Function Buttons are used to select menu options shown on the Graphic Display.
Each function button selects the menu item located directly above it on the display. Active
menu items are displayed in
reverse
while selected items are
outlined
In some cases, a function button will operate as a toggle, selecting between multiple
choices displayed above it on the Graphic Display.
Enter Button
The Enter Button is used to activate selected (outlined) items on the Graphic Display. Once
active, the item is displayed in reverse.
Rotary Control
The Rotary Control is used to make changes to the values of selected (outlined) items on
the Graphic Display. Changes to values become active immediately and may be canceled by
pressing UNDO or saved by pressing ENTER. If the Levels Menu is exited with the Rotary
Control active, it will remain active. Turning the Rotary Control one step in either direction
will recall the Levels Menu with the Control still functioning.

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System Status Indicator
The System Status Indicator is a multi-color LED which shows system status. States dis-
played by the Indicator are shown below:
Off = System Off
Green = System Status Normal
Orange = Non Standard Operation
Red = Non Fatal Error
Flashing Red = Fatal Error
The most common causes of system errors involve system synchronization which will also
extinguish one or more of the clock indicators. For example, a fatal error will result from no
digital input source in digital input mode. Nonfatal errors may appear momentarily when
switching from analog input to digital input mode or when changing meter or monitor
sources. Nonstandard operation refers to certain setup configurations which are consid-
ered to be nonstandard operating conditions. For example, setup configurations such as
44.1 kHz A/D conversion and 88.2 kHz to 44.1 kHz sampling frequency conversion using
fixed decimation filtering, and Software Download are considered nonstandard.
System Status Indicator, Clock Indicator, and HDCD Indicator brightness are adjusted by
selecting STATUS in the Front Panel Display Menu (SETUP/MORE.../SYSTEM/PANEL).
Clock Indicators
The Clock Indicators are two green LED’s which indicate A/D and D/A clock status. Indica-
tions are as follows:
Green = Locked
Off = Not Locked
HDCD Indicator
The HDCD Indicator consists of an LED back lit HDCD logo which lights when a 24-bit, 20-
bit or 16-bit HDCD digital signal is detected. HDCD Indicator states are as follows:
Off = HDCD Code Not Detected
Blue = HDCD Code Detected.
Amber = HDCD 16-bit Code Detected with Monitor Amplitude Decoding Off.
Blue indicates HDCD code is detected. Amber indicates HDCD 16-bit code is detected and
amplitude decoding at the monitor (D/A) output is turned off, or in a 44.1 kHz Digital
Input Mode, there is an HDCD 16-bit input signal, and input amplitude decoding is turned
off. HDCD 16-bit monitor amplitude decoding (MONHD16) can be turned on or off in the
Levels Menu (LEVELS), the Second Operating Menu (OPS 2), or the Monitor Setup Menu
(SETUP/MORE.../MONITOR). HDCD 16-bit input amplitude decoding can be turned on or off
in the Digital Input HDCD_16 Decoding Menu (SETUP/INPUT/HDCD_IN).

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Operating Modes
The Model Two has thirteen Operating Modes that operate at either multiples of 44.1 kHz
or multiples of 48 kHz, depending upon whether a base sample rate of 44.1_X or 48_X is
selected in the 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu.
NOTE: The Operating Modes listed below and described on the following pages appear
in the Operating Mode Menus if the 44.1_X base sample rate is selected. If 48_X is
selected, the Operating Modes remain the same, except multiples of 48 replace 44.1.
1. AD_44.1 (44.1 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit A/D conversion, 16-bit amplitude encoding )
2. DD_44-44 (44.1 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment,
HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding and decoding)
3. AD+DD44 (AD_44.1 A/D conversion cascaded with DD44-44 digital processing)
4. AD_88.2 (88.2 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit A/D conversion)
5. DD88-44 (88.2 kHz to 44.1 kHz sampling frequency conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit
word length conversion, level adjust, and HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding)
6. DD44-88 (44.1 kHz to 88.2 kHz sampling frequency conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit
word length conversion, level adjustment, and HDCD 16-bit amplitude decoding)
7. DD88-88 (88.2 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment,
and HDCD LSB code insertion)
8. AD176.4 (176.4 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit A/D conversion)
9. DD176.4 (176.4 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment,
and HDCD LSB code insertion)
10. DD176-88 (176.4 kHz to 88.2 kHz sampling frequency conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit
word length conversion, level adjust, and HDCD LSB code insertion)
11. DD176-44 (176.4 kHz to 44.1 kHz sampling frequency conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit
word length conversion, level adjust, and HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding)
12. DD88-176 (88.2 kHz to 176.4 kHz sampling frequency conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit
word length conversion, level adjustment, and HDCD LSB code insertion)
13. DD44-176 (44.1 kHz to 176.4 kHz sampling frequency conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit
word length conversion, level adjustment, and HDCD 16-bit amplitude decoding)
44.1 kHz or 48 kHz base sample rates are selected in the 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu
(SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X).
Operating Modes are selected in the Operating Mode Menus (SETUP/MODE/MORE...). Each
Operating Mode has specific features that are described below and shown in the Menu Tree
on page 40. All metering functions and analog signal monitoring are available in all Oper-
ating Modes. Factory Presets that use an Operating Mode are listed at the end of the
mode’s description. Presets are selected in the Recall Presets Menu (SETUP/PRESETS).

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NOTE: HDCD LSB code must be reinserted when producing HDCD Compact Disc or DVD-
Audio release masters if HDCD signal data has been altered in any way during digital
post production processing. See Digital Post Production Processing on page 30.
AD_44.1 Mode
In AD_44.1 Mode, the Model Two performs 44.1 kHz A/D conversion with selectable HDCD
24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit output. Different word lengths may be independently fed to
digital outputs 1 and 2 (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1 or OUT_2). Between +3.15 dB and 0 dB of
digital A/D gain adjustment in .05 dB steps is available using AD gain in the Levels Menu
(LEVELS/AD_GAIN). Factory Presets: AD1X-24, AD1X-16, AD1X2416.
DD44-44 Mode
In DD44-44 Mode, the Model Two performs 44.1 kHz digital processing. 24-bit, 20-bit, 16-
bit, or 16-bit HDCD input signals can be converted to 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit HDCD word
lengths, along with HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding and decoding. Different word lengths
may be independently fed to digital outputs 1 and 2 (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1 or OUT_2).
Between +6 and -25.9 dB (+12 to -19.9 dB if Peak Extend is used) of signal level adjust-
ment is available using DSP gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Presets:
DD1X-20, DD1X-16.
AD+DD44 Mode
In AD+DD44 Mode, the Model Two combines AD_44.1 and DD44-44 Modes, allowing their
functions to be cascaded, saving considerable production time. For example, an analog
input signal can be converted to a 24-bit HDCD signal on digital output 2, fed to a 24-bit
processor or work station, returned to digital input 2, (which has an input word length of
24-bits and only functions at 44.1 kHz in AD+DD44 Mode) converted to a 16-bit HDCD
signal on digital output 1, and fed to a 16-bit recorder, all in real time. Digital output 1
level can be adjusted relative to the level of digital output 2 over a range of +6 dB to -9.9
dB (+12 to -3.9 dB if Peak Extend is used) by using output 1 offset in the Levels Menu
(LEVELS/OUT1OFS). Factory Preset: AD+DD1X.
AD_88.2 Mode
In AD_88.2 Mode, the Model Two performs 88.2 kHz A/D conversion with selectable HDCD
24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit output. Selectable, two-wire, standard speed, or single wire,
double speed AES signal formats are used for the 88.2 kHz stereo signal, and may be
independently set on inputs and outputs (SETUP/INPUT or OUTPUT/FORMAT/1_WIRE or
2_WIRE). When two wire is selected, digital input and output 1 is channel 1, and digital
input and output 2 is channel 2. When single wire is selected, digital input 1 and outputs
1 and 2 carry stereo signals. Digital A/D gain between 0 and +3.15 dB, in .05 dB steps, in
the Levels Menu provides fine A/D level trim (LEVELS/AD_GAIN). Factory Preset: AD2X-24.