Radio Shack TRS-80 CR-510 User manual

IMPORTANTINFORMATION
Thisequipmentgeneratesandusesradiofrequencyenergy.Ifitisnotinstalledand
usedproperly,thatis,instrictaccordancewiththemanufacturer'sinstructions,
itmaycauseinterferencetoradioandtelevisionreception.Ithasbeentypetested
andfoundtocomplywiththelimitsfora ClassB computingdeviceinaccordance
withthespecificationsinSubpartJ ofPart15ofFCCRules,whicharedesigned
toprovidereasonableprotectionagainstsuchinterferenceina residentialinstallation.
However,thereisnoguaranteethatinterferencewillnotoccurina particular
installation.Ifthisequipmentdoescauseinterferencetoradioortelevisionreception,
whichcanbedeterminedbyturningtheequipmentoffandon,theuseris
encouragedtotrytocorrecttheinterferencebyoneormoreofthefollowingmeasures:
•reorientthereceivingantenna
•relocatethecomputerwithrespecttothereceiver
•movethecomputerawayfromthereceiver
•plugthecomputerintoa differentoutletsothatcomputerandreceiver
areondifferentbranchcircuits.
Ifnecessary,theusershouldconsultthedealeroranexperiencedradio/television
technicianforadditionalsuggestions.Theusermayfindthefollowingbooklet
preparedbytheFederalCommunicationsCommissionhelpful:How toIdentify and
Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems. Thisbookletisavailablefromthe
UnitedStatesGovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington,DC20402,Stock,
No.004-000-0035-4.
Warning:Thisequipmenthasbeencertifiedtocomplywiththelimitsfora ClassB
computingdevice,pursuanttoSubpartJ ofPart15ofFCCRules.
TRS-80® CR-S10 Operation Manual
Copyright©1983TandyCorporation,
ForthWorth,Texas76102,U.S.A.All
RightsReserved.
Reproductionoruse,withoutexpress
writtenpermissionfromTandyCorpo-
ration,ofanyportionofthismanual,is
prohibited.Whilereasonableefforts
havebeentakeninthepreparationof
thismanualtoassureitsaccuracy.
TandyCorporationassumesnoliabil-
ityresultingfromanyerrorsoromis-
sionsinthismanualorfromtheuse
oftheinformationobtainedherein.

Contents
Introductioni
1/ DescriptionoftheCR-5101
FrontPanelControlsandIndicators2
RearPanelControls3
2/SettinguptheCR-5105
ConnectingtheCardReadertoa TRS-80ModelIIorIII5
LoadingCards5
BaudRateDIPSwitchSettings7
TheCR-510DiagnosticSelf-Test9
3/GeneralInformation11
Preparing,Handling,andMaintainingCards11
HowtheCardReaderWorks12
CardFeedModes14
SingleFeedOperation14
DemandFeedOperation14
ContinuousFeedOperation14
AdjustingtheCR-510'sFeed14
(leaningtheRubberRoller15
4/UsingtheCR-51021
ProgrammingtheCardReader21
CR-510CommandStructure21
DataFormat21
CR-510Commands21
FormatCommands22
CR-510CommunicationsOverview28
TRS-80InputBufferManagement29
DataTransmissionIntegrity(EchoOn)29
5/UsingtheCR-510DemonstrationSoftware31
Runninga Demonstration31
COBOLCardReaderProgram31
HowtoRunDemonstrationProgramsWithoutthe"DO"Files32
Programmer'sGuide33
ProgramListings35
AppendixA/HollerithtoASCIIConversionsA1
AppendixB/CardSpecificationsB1
AppendixC/TroubleshootingC1
AppendixD/SystemandTerminalModeTestsD1
AppendixE/SpecificationsE1

Introduction
CongratulationsonselectingtheTRS-80CR-510CardReader!WiththisCardReader,a TRS-80
Computer,andstandardmarkedorpunchedcards,youcan:
•Automatedatacompilation.
•Evaluatesurveysandpolls.
•Correctmultiplechoicetests.
andmore!
TheCR-510CardReaderisdesignedtoconnectdirectlytoyourTRS-80ModelI/II/IIIviathe
Computer'sRS-232Cconnector.
TheCardReadercanbecontrolledeithermanuallyviaswitches("hardware")orthroughyour
program("software")andcanreadcardsthatareatleast15.24cm(6")inlength.A GeneralPurpose
StandardCarddesignedforusewiththeCR-510isavailable(26-1240)and,withtheoptional14"
CardHolder,cardsupto35.56cm(14")inlengthcanberead.
NotethattheCardReaderrequiresa special"driver"routinetocommunicatewithyourComputer.
ThisdriverroutinemustbeincludedineveryprogramyouwritefortheCR-510.(SeeChapter5 ofthis
manual.)RadioShackalsoprovidesapplicationssoftwarefortheCR-510.Instructionsforusingthese
programsaresuppliedwiththeindividualsoftwarepackages.

Figure1.CR-510CardReader.
Beforedoinganythingelse,carefullyunpacktheCR-510.Besurethefollowingaccessoriesare
includedintheCardReaderpackage:
•CardReader
•MetalCardCatcher
•CardWeight
•BlankCardPacketwith200GeneralPurposeCards
•Owner'sManual
•DiagnosticTestCard
•ConnectionTestCard
•PowerCord
•VialofCleanser(forReadHeadandDriveRollercleaning)
•Cloth
Savetheboxandpackingmaterialforfutureshipping.
Thissectiondescribesthevariousconnectors,switches,andindicatorlightsonyourCR-510.

Figure2.CR-510(FrontPanel)
(Note:WhenyoufirstturnontheCardReader,alloftheFrontPanelLightswillcomeonforabout
asecond.)
AchartoferrorconditionsassociatedwiththeselightsappearsinAppendixC.
START/STOPButtonPressthisbuttontobegincardreading.Pressa secondtimetostop
theunitoncethecurrentcardhasbeenread.PressingSTARTwhileintheSingle-FeedMode
causestheunittoreadonecard.IntheContinuousFeedMode,pressSTARTtoreadcards
intheHopper.
SELF-TESTButtonPressthisbuttontostarttheSelf-Test.
TherearetwokindsofSelf-Testsyoucanrun:
•TheDiagnostic Self-Test (describedattheendofthissection).
•A quickSelf-Test withtheMechanicalFeedTest.Placesomecards(markedorunmarked)
intheHopperandpresstheSelf-Testbutton.AllFrontPanellightswillcomeonfor
aboutonesecond.WhentheSelf-Testissuccessfullycompleted,thelightswillgooffandthe
cardswillquicklyfeedthrough.Ifthelightsremainon,orthecardsdon'tfeedthrough,
performtheDiagnosticSelf-Test.
LOAD/ATTENTIONIndicatorThislightindicatesthattheComputerexpectsmorecards,
buttheHopperisempty.Thisconditioncanalsobeactivatedthroughsoftware.A flashing
lampindicatesthatanATNcommandwassentbytheComputer.SeeChapter4 foradditional
information.
READYIndicatorThisindicatorilluminateswhentheSTARTbuttonhasbeenpressedand
theunitisreadytoreadcards.Whenitblinks,orlightsupalongwithotherindicators,an
errorconditionexists.
FEEDERRORIndicatorWhenthisindicatorisilluminated,a mechanicalfailureofsome
kindhasoccurred.
PowerIndicatorWhentheCardReaderisconnectedtoanoutletandthepowerswitchisset
toON,thisindicatorwillilluminate.

Figure3.CR-510(RearView)
DIPSwitchesPositiontheDIPSwitchestosetthebaudrate.TheDIPSwitchesarelocated
behindthemetalplate(seeFigure7 fordetails).TheCR-5l0'sbaudratemustmatchthe
baudrateoftheComputer.(SeeSettingUptheCR-510fordetails.)
RS-232CConnectorConnecttheCR-510totheTRS-80viathisconnectorusingthe
appropriateinterface.
PowerON/OFFSwitchToturntheCR-510powerON,setthisswitchtoON.(Whenpower
isapplied,a unitSelf-Testisautomaticallyrun.)
PowerCordConnectorPlugtheACPowercordincludedwithpackageintothisconnector.
FuseHolderThefuseprovidesunitoverloadprotection.Replacewitha 1 ampslo-blofuse
for110VAC.

Figure4.InsertingCardsintotheCardHopper
2/SettinguptheCR-510
ConnecttheCardReadertoa 110VoltACoutletoranapprovedpowerstrip.Alwaysusea 3-prong
groundedoutlet.
ConnectingtheCardReadertoYourComputer
ModelIIUsers
1.BesuretheCardReader'sandComputer'spowerareOff.
2.ConnectoneoftheDB-25endsoftheModelIIRS-232CCable(26-4408)totheRS-232C
ConnectorontheCR-510.
3.ConnecttheotherDB-25endofthecabletoeitherSERIALCHANNELA orB onthe
Computer.Inserta TerminalPlugintotheotherSERIALConnector.
ModelIIIUsers
1.BesuretheCardReader'sandComputer'spowerareOff.
2.ConnectoneendoftheModelIIIRS-232CCable(26-1408)totheRS-232CConnectoronthe
Computer.
3.ConnecttheotherendofthecabletotheRS-232CConnectorontheCR-510.
LoadingCards
Besurethatthestackofcardstobereadispackedsothatallsidesofthestackareeven.Nocards
shouldhaveedgesprotrudingfromthestack.
1.Insertthestackofcards(notover250regularsizecardsor100longcardsatonetime)facedown
intotheCardHopper.Therowoftimingmarks(blackmarksalongthesideofthecard)should
betotheleftasyoufacethefrontpaneloftheCR-510.

2.TheCardWeight(seeFigure5)mustbepositionedontopofthecardstack.TheCardWeightslot
mustbepositionedsothatwhentheHopperisempty,theslotispositionedoverthemicro-
switchatthebottomoftheHopper.
HOPPER
CARDSTACK
Figure5.CardWeightPositioning
3.AttachtheCardCatcher.SeeFigure6 A.
4.Verifythatthemetalcardretainerisinstalledintheslotsattherearofthehopperasshownin
Figure6B.
Figure6A.CardCatcher
-6-

SettingtheDIPSwitches
AttherearoftheCR-510aretheDIPSwitcheswhichletyousetthebaudrate.TheCR-510'sbaud
ratemustmatchthatoftheComputeritisconnectedto.Forexample,ifyouhavesetthebaud
rateofa TRS-80ModelIIIto4800baud,youmustsettheCR-510'sDIPSwitchestothe4800
baudsetting.
TherearefournumberedDIPswitchesontheCR-510.TheLEFT/RIGHTsettingcombinationofthe
fourswitchesdeterminesthebaudrate.Usea smallscrewdriverora pairoftweezerstoposition
theswitches.
IfalloftheswitchesaresettotheLEFT,forinstance.50isthebaudrate.Ifswitches1 and4 areto
theRIGHTand2 and3 aretotheLEFT,2000isthebaudrate,asshowninFigure7.SeeTable1.
Remember!0=LEFT.1 = RIGHT.
Figure6B.CardRetainerInstallation

Figure7.BaudRateSwitchPositions

DiagnosticSelf-Test
OncetheCR-510isconnectedtoa powersource,youcanperformtheSelf-Testtoconfirmthatitis
operatingproperly.
1.BesuretheunitisON.
2.SettheCardReaderDIPSwitchesto9600baud.
1= LEFT
2=RIGHT
3=RIGHT
4=RIGHT
3.PlacetheDiagnosticTestCard(Figure8)facedownintotheCardReaderHopper.
4.PresstheSELF-TESTandSTARTSTOPButtonssimultaneously.
5.Fortheunittopassthetest,allCardReaderFrontPanellights(exceptpower)willgooff.A flashing
lampindicatesa malfunction.
Figure8.InsertingtheDiagnosticTestCard

CardLeftCardRight
CardMustBePlacedFace
DownintheCardReaderHopper
Figure9.CardReaderDiagnosticTestCard
CardTrailingEdge

3/GeneralInformation
ThuschapterwillprovideinformationonusingcardreadersingeneralandtheCR-510inparticular.This
includeshintsonmarkedorpunchedcardcharacteristicsandmaintenance.
ItalsoprovidestwotestfeaturesthatconfirmthereliabilityofyourCR-510system.
Preparing,HandlingandMaintainingCards
Usingcardreadersrequiresthatyoubecomefamiliarwiththecharacteristicsofcardsandhowto
takecareofthem.FortheCardReadertoreadcardssuccessfully,cardsmustbemarkedor
punchedproperlyandstoredina safeplace.Theequipmentmustbeproperlymaintainedand
adjustedwhennecessary.
MarkingandPunchingtheCards
TheCR-510canbeusedtoread"marked"or"punched"cards.However,therearea few"rules"that
shouldbefollowedtoeffectivelyusetheCardReader.
MarkedCardsFortheCardReadertoreadcardsaccurately,besurethattheyaremarkedcorrectly.
Tomarka given"chad"(chadsaretheboxed-inareasonthecard),fillthechadincompletely.
Forexample,notethefollowingchadmarks:
MostacceptableLeastacceptable
Cardmarkingmaybedoneviaanymediumthatwillproduceclearandlegiblemarksthatexhibita
maximumreflectanceof20%.Tomakesurethatyourcardsareread,itisrecommendedthatyou
usea #2pencil.
Foroptimumaccuracy,eachmarkedcardmustbecompletelyfilled.
PunchedCardsTheCardReaderalsoreadspunchedcards.Cardsmustbepunched(anddesigned)
toproduceholesthatconformtostandardpunchequipmentandUSAstandardX3.21-1967.
StoringandHandlingtheCards
TheCardReaderrequiresthatcardsbeflat,otherwisethecardswilljamupinthemachine.Cards
aresubjecttowearandtearwhentheyareuseda numberoftimes.Werecommendyounotuse
thesamecardmorethanseventimes.Youcaneliminatesomeslightdistortionsinthecardsbylightly
fanningthecarddeck.
Themostcommoncauseofcardfeedproblemsis"cardwarp."Youcanpreventthisproblemby
handlingthecardsgentlyandstoringthemcorrectly.Cardsshouldalwaysbestoredflat.Cartonsof
cardsshouldbestoredupright,offthefloor,andnotmorethanthreecartonshigh.Keepthecards
awayfromareaswhichmaychangetemperatureorhumidityconditionsabruptly,suchaswindows,air
ducts,andradiators.
CardStock
CardstockwillconformtoAmericanNationalStandardANSIX3.11-1969requirements,except
forthefollowing:
•A cornercutcannotbelocatedonthetimingmarksideofthecard.
•Thelengthofthecardcanvaryfrom6 to14inches.
Most9 pt.cardstockwillmeetthisrequirement.
-11-

CardReflectance
Cardsshallhavea minimumreflectanceof70%(measurementsmustbemadeatthenearinfra-red
endofthespectrum).
PrintingInk
CardBodyInkmaybeanycolor(SinclairandValentineJ6893Redetc.)anditmustmaintain
aminimumreflectanceof70%.
TimingMarksInkmustbenon-reflective(PMSBlack,etc.)andmaintaina maximumreflectance
of20%.
TimingMarks
TheCardReaderwillreadcardsthathavedataalignedwiththetimingmarks.Timingmarksare
positionedalongtheleftsideofthecard(seeFigure10).Foroptimumchad-scan,themarksmustbe
centeredonthechadcolumnandshouldbeaswideasthechadboundaries.
TimingMarkHeight— 0.120± 0.025inches
TimingMarkWidthWidthsmayvaryfrom0.024to0.25inches.Bestresultsareobtainedwhenthe
timingmarkwidthandthechadwidthareapproximatelythesame.
SpaceBetweenTimingMarksmustbea minimumof0.070inches.
FirstTimingMarkLocation— 1stmarkmustbe0.077inch(minimum)fromtheleadingedgeof
thecard.
ChadLocation
TheChads(eachrow)mustbecenteredat0.25inchintervalsacrossthecardfromcardedgetoedge
asshowninFigure9.
Thecenterofchad12andchad9 mustbe0.25ofaninchfromthecardedge.
Toleranceis± .005inches unlessspecified. Thiscardandspecificationsaredesignedforreading
duringthetimingmarks.
HowtheCardReaderWorks
TheCardReaderreadsthedatabyreflectinglightfroma lampoffofthecardsandontoa series
ofphotoelectriccells.Theunitreadsonecolumnata time,translatesthedataintoa format(specified
throughsoftware),andstoresthedataina buffer.
Whenthecardhasbeenread,thedataissentbyte-by-byteouttheSerialI /OPortoftheCR-510into
theSerialI/OPortofyourcomputer.
CommandsandechoeddataaresentfromyourcomputertotheCR-510.YoucaninstructtheCard
Readertotransmititscurrent"status"alongwiththecarddatathatistransmitted.Thestatusis
atwo-byteASCIIstringconsistingofa statuscodefollowedbya comma.
Ifneeded,youmayinstructtheCardReadertoexpectan"echo"ofthedataittransmitstothe
computer.Withthisoption,youcanverifythatwhatwasreceivedbyyourComputerwaswhatwas
sentbytheCardReader.
Note:Yourdrivermustechothedatabacktotheunit.(SeeDataTransmissionIntegrity.)
-12-

Figure10.CardSpecificationsChart
-13-

CardFeedModes
TheCR-510canreadcardsinoneofthreemodes:
•SingleFeed
•DemandFeed
•ContinuousFeed.
Howtoselectthesemodesisoutlinedbelow.
SingleFeedMode
Inthismode,theCR-510readsa singlecardeverytimeyoupresstheSTART/STOPbutton.The
READYlampwillilluminate,indicatingthattheCR-510isreadytoreada card.PresstheSTART/
STOPbuttontoreada card.IftheCardHopperisempty,theLOADATTENTIONIndicator
willilluminate.
DemandFeedMode
Onecardisreadeachtimea PIKcommandisreceivedfromtheComputer.TheSTART/STOP
Buttonmustbepressedoncetoinitiatethefirstreadoperation.
Note:Ifa cardjamoccursduringa readoperationandstatusisdisabled,theFEEDERROR
Indicatorwillilluminateandnodatawillbesent.(Thecompletecardmustbereadbeforedatais
sent.)Thejammedcardmustbeplacedbackatthebottomofthedeck.(Removingthecarddeckwill
causetheLOADATTENTIONIlluminatortolightup.)PressingtheSTART/STOPbuttonwill
resumethefeedoperation.
Ifa cardjamoccursduringa readoperationandstatusisenabled,a statusfeederrorwillbesentto
theTRS-80Computer(thedatawillbea reverseslashindicatinginvaliddata).Thejammedcard
mustbeplacedbackatthebottomofthedeck.PressingtheSTART/STOPButtonwillresumethe
feedoperation.
ContinuousFeedOperation
AllofthecardsintheCardHopperwillbereadwhentheSTART/STOPButtonispressed.
Note:IftheCardHopperisemptiedduringthecontinuousfeedoperation,theunitwillstopfeed
operationsandtheLOADATTENTIONIndicatorwillilluminate.PresstheSTART/STOPButton
(aftercardshavebeenplacedintheHopper)toresumethecontinuousfeedoperation.
AdjustingtheCR-510'sFeed
IfyounoticethattheCardReaderiseitheracceptingmorethanonecardata timeorrejectingall
cards,chancesarethata simpleadjustmentofthe"stripperplate"willsolvethisproblem.Youcan
adjustityourself.
Todothis,allyouneedisa PhillipsscrewdriverandtwoblankGeneralPurposeCards.Usethe
followinginstructionstoadjusttheCardReader:
1.MakesuretheCardReader'spowerisOFF.
2.Loosenthetwoscrewsthatholdthestripperplate.
3.Takethetwodisposablecardsandpositionthemunderthestripperplate.Pushthestripperplate
againstthetopcarduntilitisastightasyoucangetit.Then,retightenthescrews.
4.Removethecards(thetoponemighttear)anddisposeofthemiftheyhavebeendamaged.
-14-

Figure11.CR-510StripperPlate
CleaningtheRubberRoller
Anotherconditionthatcaninhibittheproperreadingandfeedingofcardsiswhentherubberroller
(Figure12)becomescontaminatedbythegraphiteresiduefrompreviouscardreadings.We
recommendperiodiccleaningoftherollertoinsureproperfrictionalcontactbetweencardsandthe
roller.Also,byregularlycleaningtherubberroller,youcanavoidthetransferofgraphitefrom
therollertothenextsetofcards.
-15-
Figure12.CleaningtheRubberRoller

Figure13.ScrewLocations
-16-
IncludedintheCR-510packageisa smallvialofcleansingdetergentanda softcloth.Theseare
specificallyforcleaningtherubberrollerandthereadheadassembly.
1.Whencleaningtherubberroller,makesurethattheunitisturnedoffandthepowerlineis
disconnectedorunplugged.
2.Spraya smallquantityofcleansingdetergentontothecloth.
3.Withonehand,holdtheclothagainsttherubberroller.Withtheotherhandturntherollerso
thatyouareabletocleantheentirearea.Donotletanymoisturefromtheclothseepinto
theunit.
Note:Shouldyourunoutoftheprovidedcleaner,youcanusea liquidglasscleanerasa substitute.
DONOTusesolvent-basedcleanersoranycleanerthatmayleavea residueonthereadhead.Do
notusefullstrengthalcoholorammonia.
ReadHeadCleaningandDriveLubrication
Thereadheadassemblyshouldbecleanedandthedrivebearingslubricatedafter500hoursof
operation.Tocleanthereadheadandlubricatethebearings,performthefollowingsteps:
1.DisconnecttheI/Ocableandthepowercordfromtherearoftheunit.Removethecardweight,
cards,andcardcatcher.
2.RemovethesixscrewsthatsecurethehousingtothebottomoftheCardReaderasshownin
Figure13.