Remotek R84DLI-W19L17-2S User manual

Dual Band ICS Repeater
User’s Manual
This document applies to:
R84DLI-W19L17-2S
R84DLI-W21L26-2S

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Dual Band ICS Repeater User Manual
© 2019 Remotek Corporation
All rights reserved
Remotek® is a registered trademark of Remotek Corporation.
All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
Copyright Information
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
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conjunction with the products described herein.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Remotek assumes no liability for omissions or
inaccuracies in this document, or from the furnishing or use of the information herein. Remotek reserves the right
to make changes to any products described herein and does not assume any liability arising out of the
applications or use of any product described herein.
This document and the information in it is the proprietary and confidential information of Remotek that is provided
by Remotek to its customers pursuant to a contract for the purchase of the products described herein. If the
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Contact
Remotek Corporation
Address: 22F~2, No. 97,
Sec.1, Hsin Tai Wu Rd.,
Hsi-Chih, Taipei, Taiwan. 221.
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[email protected]m.tw
www.remotek.com.tw

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Preface
Audience
Thank you for purchasing the Remotek repeater. Strict quality control system procedures are implemented to
ensure you a high quality product; with numerous cellular operators acknowledging the product to be a high
performance, low interference, transparent and simple to operate and maintain.
This document is written for Remotek and customer service personnel, who install, configure and commission the
repeater system in a cellular network.
Scope
The information in this manual is intended to support customer engineering practices and policies, site
engineering standards, and relevant safety standards in case of installing and configuring the REMOTEK
repeater to improve communication quality.
The information herein is not meant to supersede the site engineering design documents.
If any of the instructions present a conflict, please contact Remotek Customer Service Department for further
assistance.
How this manual is organized
Chapter 1 General information on safety precautions and warranty
Chapter 2 Provides an introduction to repeater systems and its applications.
Chapter 3 Outlines installation procedures
Chapter 4 Provides examples and calculation for commissioning proposes
Chapter 5 Steps to take and check if problems occur with the repeater.
Chapter 6 Appendix
Text Conventions
This manual uses special paragraphs to call attention to information that is of particular importance to the reader.
Note: Presents nonessential, but potentially helpful information that helps to understand a topic.
Important: Presents information to avoid an undesirable result.
Warning: Notifies the reader of a potentially hazardous situation that could damage the repeater.

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Table of Contents
1GENERAL...................................................................................................................................5
1.1 WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................................5
1.2 SAFETY INFORMATION...................................................................................................................5
1.3 OTHER PRECAUTIONS ...................................................................................................................6
1.4 GSMAMPLIFICATION IN LTE BAND..............................................................................................7
1.5 INTRA-BAND INTERFERENCE PREVENTION....................................................................................8
1.6 RESTRICTIONS OF ICS REPEATERS ................................................................................................8
2INTRODUCTION TO CHANNEL REPEATERS.................................................................10
2.1 SYSTEM INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................10
2.2 GENERAL INSTALLATION LAYOUT...............................................................................................10
2.3 BASIC REPEATER SYSTEM COMPONENTS .................................................................................... 11
2.4 ADVANTAGES OF REPEATER ........................................................................................................12
2.5 PROFILE ......................................................................................................................................13
2.6 BLOCK DIAGRAM........................................................................................................................13
2.7 OUTLINE OF AVAILABLE FUNCTIONS ...........................................................................................14
3INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................................15
3.1 PREPARATION ..............................................................................................................................15
3.2 ANTENNA INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................15
3.2.1 Donor Antenna ........................................................................................................................................16
3.2.2 Service Antenna.......................................................................................................................................17
3.2.3 Isolation ...................................................................................................................................................18
3.2.4 ICS Repeater with Intelligent Mode........................................................................................................21
3.3 REPEATER....................................................................................................................................22
3.3.1 Installing the Repeater.............................................................................................................................22
3.3.2 Connecting Feeder and Power Cables....................................................................................................24
3.3.3 Inserting the Micro SIM Card.................................................................................................................24
3.3.4 Modem Working Requirements...............................................................................................................25
4COMMISSIONING..................................................................................................................27
4.1 COMMISSIONING PRINCIPLE........................................................................................................27
4.1.1 Downlink Output Power..........................................................................................................................27
4.1.3 UL Noise Floor ........................................................................................................................................28
4.1.4 Isolation ...................................................................................................................................................29
4.2 REPEATER CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................30
4.2.1 Gain Calculation......................................................................................................................................30

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4.2.2 Start-up the Repeater...............................................................................................................................32
4.2.3 Gain Setting .............................................................................................................................................32
4.2.4 Control Panel Operation .........................................................................................................................32
5MAINTENANCE......................................................................................................................36
5.1 ALARMS AND SOLUTIONS............................................................................................................36
5.2 TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................................................................................................38
5.3 REPEATER REPLACEMENT ...........................................................................................................38
5.4 BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT.............................................................................39
5.4.1 Battery Description..................................................................................................................................39
5.4.2 Ratings (per cell)......................................................................................................................................39
5.4.3 Caution.....................................................................................................................................................39
5.4.4 Battery Replacement................................................................................................................................40
6APPENDIX................................................................................................................................42
6.1 ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................................................42
6.2 SPECIFICATION ............................................................................................................................43
6.3 W-DBM CONVERSION TABLE ......................................................................................................47
6.4 WARRANTY PROVISIONS AND DISCLAIMER .................................................................................48
6.4.1 Warranty Range.......................................................................................................................................48
6.4.2 Range of Non-Warranty ..........................................................................................................................48
6.4.3 Service in Non-Warranty.........................................................................................................................49
6.4.4 Disclaimer................................................................................................................................................49

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1 General
This user’s manual provides information that includes installation, configuration, operation and
maintenance of the repeater. Specifications are also provided in details in order to help users
better understand the repeater performance.
Please read this user’s manual carefully and follow all instructions outlined to ensure long life
span and trouble free operation of the unit.
1.1 Warranty
All outdoor antennas must be installed with lightning protection. Damage to power modules, as a
result of lightning, will not be covered by this warranty.
Switching on the AC or DC power prior to connection of antenna cables is considered as an
incorrect installation process and therefore faults arising thereafter are also not covered under
the warranty.
This entire manual should be read and understood before operating or maintaining the repeater
system. Remotek assumes no liability for customer's failure to comply with the precautions
mentioned. This warranty will not cover such failures to comply.
1.2 Safety Information
Personnel Safety
Before installing or replacing any of the repeater equipment, the entire manual should be read
and understood. Operators need to supply appropriate AC or DC power to the repeater. Incorrect
power settings can damage the repeater and may cause electrical related injury to the user.
It is recommended that gloves be worn at ALL time when handling the product.
DO NOT operate equipment in an explosive environment.
DO NOT work on live circuits: Cell site technical and operating person are not authorized to
remove equipment covers. Only personnel authorized by Remotek may remove equipment
covers to replace components or perform internal repairs.
Equipment Safety
It is necessary to read and understand the manual before installing, replacing or using this
product, and one must follow all safety precautions during operation. Failure to comply with the
following general safety precautions and with specific precautions described elsewhere in this
manual violates the safety standards of the design, manufacture, and intended use of this
product. The aluminum alloy enclosure is an excellent heat conductor, so during normal

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operation the unit may feel slightly warm. If it becomes too hot, please call maintenance
immediately.
Electrostatic Sensitivity
ESD: Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
Semiconductor used in this product may be damaged by electrostatic discharge. When
unpacking or handling the repeater, follow precautionary procedures including use of grounded
wrist straps, grounded workbench surfaces, and grounded floor mats.
Grounding Electrical Instruments and Components
To avoid power supply spark, please perform the grounding connection of the equipment racks,
equipment chassis, and appropriate tools. And make sure the equipment’s power cable is
inserted into the appropriate main sockets (three pin or two pin).
In case of three-pin socket, the 3rd pin is used for grounding connection, directly connect the
supplied power cable to the mains socket. In case of a two-pin socket, the green grounding wire
provided with the package needs to be connected to the electrical grounding facility at the power
outlet.
In order to avoid equipment damage or human injury by lightning, static electricity and other
phenomenon of leakage electricity, Remotek suggest all products must do the
electric-discharge of the electrical grounding in setup process. Power supply components must
meet international electro-technical commissioning safety standards.
1.3 Other Precautions
Only authorized personnel should be allowed to install and operate the repeater.
Make sure that the power is switched off when installing or disassembling the repeater
to avoid short circuit or electrical shock that may result into personal injury or damage
to the equipment.
The repeater supports mains power for AC240V, 50/60Hz. Please follow this power
range to avoid any damage to the equipment.
Some electronic parts contain carcinogenic constituents, so please handle with care and
discard them in a safe place if damaged.
A 3-pin mains socket is recommended by Remotek to provide grounding connection
for the repeater.
RF arrestor is recommended to connect to the repeater’s BTS port.
Please make sure that the warning indicators on the enclosure are clearly visible for
quick detection of alarm conditions.

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1.4 GSM Amplification in LTE band
If GSM system (band) is being amplified within the Repeater LTE band along with the LTE
system together, the following status could happen.
AGC Alarm
Insufficient output power for the LTE system
Deteriorated EVM for the LTE system
Cause
Cause of AGC Alarm
1. Strong input GSM signal (which caused the AGC to engage between 6 to 10dB)
2. LTE input signal is 6dB (or more) weaker than the GSM signal.
If the two conditions mentioned previously are both met, the AGC alarm would appear on the
Repeater
Insufficient Output Power for the LTE system of the Repeater
When the input GSM signal strength is equal or greater than the input LTE signal strength, the
output power for the LTE system would be insufficient. The stronger the GSM input is to the
repeater, the weaker the output of the LTE signal from the repeater.
Deteriorated EVM of the LTE
When the input GSM signal is 10dB stronger than the LTE input signal, the EVM of the LTE
system would be deteriorated, and would not meet the listed value on the specification. This
would result in slower data throughput in the repeater coverage area.
These three points listed previously would only occur when the GSM system is being amplified
within the repeater LTE band. When the AGC engaged from 6dB to 10dB for the LTE repeater,
the AGC alarm would occur.
Troubleshooting
If the repeater has AGC alarm, and the output power is not enough or the data throughput speed
is lowered, please use the following troubleshooting method.
1. Connect the donor antenna to the Site Master (332B, 332C, or 332D) to check if there is
strong GSM signal present in the donor signal and record the signal level, also check the
LTE signal level and record it.
Note: The span setting on the Site Master should be 10MHz wider than the repeater LTE
amplification bandwidth.
2. The AGC alarm reason, insufficient output power, and deteriorated EVM status can be
known by checking the LTE signal strength and GSM signal strength of the donor signal.
3. Adjust the donor antenna orientation to achieve the status that the GSM signal strength is
5dB less than the LTE signal strength when there are GSM band being amplified by the LTE
repeater. The minimum requirement to start a LTE repeater site is that the GSM an LTE

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signal are at same signal strength.
4. When there is no way to find the GSM signal strength less or equal to the LTE signal
strength at the original donor antenna location, please relocate the donor antenna location.
5. If at the site, there is absolutely no way of finding a location or orientation with lower GSM
signal strength compared to the LTE signal strength or at least equal GSM signal strength
with the LTE signal strength, then the AGC alarm in the repeater would occur, the output
power of the repeater would be insufficient, and EVM would be deteriorated. All these
abnormal phenomena have nothing to do with the repeater; instead, they are caused by the
GSM signal within the repeater amplification LTE band.
1.5 Intra-band Interference Prevention
GSM and LTE systems
If GSM system and the LTE system are being amplified by the repeater within the same band,
the separation guard band between the 3GPP defined LTE bandwidth and the nearest GSM
channel must be at least 200KHz.
Note: The 3GPP defined LTE bandwidths are 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz.
GSM and WCDMA systems
If GSM system and the WCDMA system band are being amplified by the repeater within the
same band, the separation guard band between the effective signal bandwidth of the WCDMA
signal and the nearest the GSM channel must be at least 580KHz
Note: The effective bandwidth of the WCDMA channel is 3.84MHz.
LTE and WCDMA systems
If LTE system and the WCDMA system are being amplified by the repeater within the same
band, there is no separation guard band required between these two bands. But there are
prerequisites, the LTE band bandwidth must be 3GPP defined LTE bandwidth, and the WCDMA
channel bandwidth must be 3GPP defined WCDMA channel bandwidth
Note: The 3GPP defined LTE bandwidths are 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz.
Note: 3GPP defined WCDMA channel bandwidth is 5MHz, which means 1 channel bandwidth is
5MHz, 2 channels bandwidth is 10MHz, 3 channels bandwidth is 15MHz, 4 channels bandwidth
is 20MHz.
1.6 Restrictions of ICS Repeaters
From the bandwidth perspective

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In order to ensure the Interference Cancellation of the ICS repeater to functioning properly,
there must be a guard band at least 400 KHz on each side of the ICS repeater’s amplifying
bandwidth.
Fail to fulfill this guard band requirement would result in degradation of the interference
cancellation ability of the ICS repeater.
From the input signal at the BTS port perspective
For the GSM system, the input signal Rxlev and Quality at the repeater BTS port must be
Rxlev: > -85dBm / RxQual: < 3
For the WCDMA system, the input signal RSCP and Ec/No at the repeater BTS port must
be
RSCP: > -90dBm / (Ec/No): > -7dB
For the LTE system, the input signal RSRP and SINR at the repeater BTS port must be
RSRP: > -95dBm / SINR: > 5dB

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2 Introduction to Channel Repeaters
2.1 System Introduction
With the development of modern cellular telecommunication, satisfying customer everywhere
has become a leading trend for the wireless communication industry. Since the RF signal’s
transferable traits and obstacle caused by artificial and natural objects, blind area and weak
signal areas are easy to appear. In these areas, it is very possible to get low connection rate,
jammed roam, sudden disconnection even total disconnection and so on, which will cause lots
of inconvenience for mobile users.
ICS repeater gives a brilliant solution to the above problems by extending radio coverage into
these areas. Using the repeater, allows mobile phones to establish connections at these blind
areas.
2.2 General Installation Layout
Figure 1
Above provides a typical installation layout of an outdoor project. The repeater is connected via
coaxial cables to donor and service antennas. The donor antenna is pointing to the donor Node
B/eNode B to receive the signals. The service antenna is pointing to the coverage area to make
sure the coverage. Signals form mobile user may then transmit via the service antenna,
repeater and donor antenna back to the donor Node B/eNode B.

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Figure 2
Above is an example of repeater’s indoor application. The Yagi antenna is used as the donor
antenna, and it is placed outside of the building where it has easy access to the donor Node
B/eNode B. Signals from the donor Node B/eNode B is then introduced into the repeater. After
amplification by the repeater, signals are divided into several parts by splitters and sent to the
service antennas. The service antennas are placed inside the building where it can extend radio
coverage to the dead zones. The mobile signals are sent via the service antenna to the repeater
then to the donor antenna and back to the Node B/eNode B.
2.3 Basic Repeater System Components
Splitters
Splitters are isolated dividers that split or combine RF power. According to the coverage
requirement, splitter can distribute RF power into several paths to achieve coverage of each
area. In the meantime, mobile signals from different coverage areas are combined together and
transmitted into the repeater.
Antennas
Donor Antenna
Directional donor antenna, one for each repeater, is recommended to improve signal strength.
Service Antenna
The service antenna is directional whose half-power beam width is depending on coverage
requirements.
Coaxial Cables
1/2” and 7/8” coaxial cables (50Ω impedance)are recommended to use with repeater. These

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coaxial cables have low attenuation properties and are ideal for longer cable run installations.
Jumper Cables
Jumper cables have the flexible characteristic and they provide an easy way to connect
antennas, splitters and repeaters to coaxial cables.
2.4 Advantages of Repeater
Optimization
During Node B/eNode B coverage optimization, full coverage cannot always be achieved
because of shadowing and blind spots. If optimization is carried out by simply adjusting antenna
direction or height, the process can be tedious and a long process of trial and error until the
required coverage is achieved. The process can be time consuming and most times indoor
coverage are not achieved. With repeaters, separate optimization is carried out while the whole
interrelated parameters between systems remain unaffected.
Same Service Quality with Low investment
When coverage needs to be extended or optimized, installing a new BTS/Node B/eNode B or
micro cell may not be always the best solution and economical. In most cases a repeater will be
the best solution that will provide the same service quality at a relatively lower cost.
Fast &Easy Installation
Compared to a Base Station, wireless repeaters is space saving and does not need additional
wiring. Its installation simplicity and operational user friendliness appeal greatly to many
operators for the purpose of rural coverage or use of temporary coverage during network
optimization.

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2.5 Profile
Figure 3
Please refer to Section 6.2 Specification part for more details of repeater’s dimension.
2.6 Block Diagram
Figure 4
The downlink signal enters the BTS port duplexer after space transmission. After the channel
selection amplification through ICS module, the downlink signal will be amplified to certain
power and transfers to service antenna through MS port duplexer. The uplink signal
transmission works in the similar way, but different direction.

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2.7 Outline of Available Functions
Local Control
This function is used when commissioning or checking repeater status on site. Repeater is
connected to a Laptop using the micro USB cable. Operators can configure, check parameters
such as gain, alarm parameters etc. Refer to OMS Lite User’s Manual for more details about
connection and OMS Lite operation procedures.
Remote Monitoring
Through the wireless modem, all functions that are accessible on the local end can also be
accessed from maintenance center remotely. Alarms are constantly reported to maintenance
center for constant tracking of the overall system. Refer to OMS Lite User Manual for more
details about connection and OMS Lite operation procedure.
Adjustable bandwidth
Bandwidth can be adjusted either using OMS Lite local or remote connection.
31dB Manual Gain Control
During installation, please attenuate the repeater’s DL & UL gain, taking the path loss value and
isolation issue into account to avoid interference towards the Node B/eNode B and to optimize
coverage region.
30dB Isolation Cancellation
The 30dB Isolation Cancellation allows users to implement this repeater in the environment
where normal isolation requirement is hard to comply, since the isolation requirement for this
repeater is 30dB less than the normal RF isolation requirement.
RF Network Measurement (Optional Feature)
The repeater is capable of measuring both 2G and 3G RF network parameters, the parameters
are:
For 2G: Serving Cell: BCCH, RSSI (channel power), TA, BSIC, Cell ID, LAC, Net Name.
Neighbor Cells: ARFCN, PWR, Cell ID LAC
For 3G: Serving Cell: UARFCN, SC, RSCP, Ec/No, Cell ID, LAC, Net Name. Neighbor Cells:
UARFCN, SC, RSCP and Ec/No

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3 Installation
3.1 Preparation
a. Ensure the power to be accessed is within the repeater’s working range: AC 240V. A
separate circuit breaker is recommended.
b. Ensure there’s sufficient isolation between the donor and service antennas.
c. Ensure there are adequate resources to handle the weight of the repeater.
d. It’s recommended some jumper cables to be prepared.
e. Repeater used for outdoor installation is water resistant, but it is possible that the
repeater’s performance may be influenced by weather factors such as temperature and
humidity. It is suggested to install the repeater in an indoor location with good heat
dissipation. If the repeater needs to be installed outdoor, ensure that there is good heat
dissipation and does not face directly to the sunlight. Working temperature should within -
25℃to 55℃.
Recommended tools list
Table below list recommended tools that will be required for a successful installation:
Item
Quantity
Item
Quantity
Signal Generator
1
Spectrum Analyzer
1
Laptop
1
Test Mobile
1
Multi-meter
1
Electrical Drill
1
Hammer
1
Spanner
2
Screwdriver
1
Waterproof glue
1
Walkie-talkie
2
Safety belt
1
RF arrestor (optional)
1
Other accessories
3.2 Antenna Installation
Selection of the correct antennas is one of the most important aspects for a successful
installation of a repeater system. Installation location and performance/characteristic of the
antenna can strongly influence the Rxpower and Ec/No for 3G signal, RSRP and SINR for 4G
signal of the intended coverage area.
Installation location and performance/characteristic of the antenna can strongly influence the
Rxpower/RSRP and Ec/No/SINR of the intended coverage area.

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Rxlev and RxQual are two important parameters for the 2G system, which describe the power
level and quality of the 2G signal. While the Rxpower and Ec/No are two important parameters
for the 3G system, which describe the power level and quality of the WCDMA signal. RSRP and
SINR are two parameters describing the power level and quality of the LTE signal. These
parameters can be measured with testing mobile such as TEMS®, or a Nokia®phone with Net
Monitor function.
The antennas are usually selected and purchased by the customer. Remotek will provide
recommendations for the most suitable types of antenna based on our experience for a
successful and trouble free installation of the repeater if required.
3.2.1 Donor Antenna
3.2.1.1 Donor Antenna Selection
There are many types of antenna on the market, but the following general characteristics should
be met during selecting the donor antenna:
1. Working frequency: The donor antenna needs to be compatible with the repeater’s
operating frequency range.
2. Directivity characteristic: An antenna with good directivity is recommended, it is essential for
the repeater to introduce a clean donor signal to amplify.
3. Waterproof: The donor antenna needs to be waterproof to prevent rainwater from affecting
the antenna’s characteristics, ultimately affecting the performance of the repeater.
4. For outdoor repeater, antenna’s front to back ratio must be higher than 20dB to assure
excellent isolation on the site.
5. Recommended donor antennas:
Indoor Coverage: Yagi antenna
Outdoor Coverage: Parabolic antenna, corner reflected antenna
3.2.1.2 Donor Antenna Installation
Donor antenna is to be installed at the location where excellent signals from donor BTS/Node
B/eNode B can be received. When installing the donor antenna, the following conditions need to
be considered:
1. For 3Gsystem. The CPICH power, Rxpower, at the BTS port of the repeater is
recommended to be in the range of -70dBm to -50dBm with an Ec/No greater than -7dB.
The Ec/No of the primary CPICH is at least 6dB higher than the Ec/No of neighboring
CPICH.

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For 4G system. RSRP at the BTS port of the repeater is recommended to be at least
-100dBm with SINR greater than 15dB.
2. When installing the donor antenna in a relatively high location, lightning arrestor is
necessary. Grounding of the arrestor and antenna are essential.
3. Waterproof of donor antenna’s connector with sealant is highly recommended.
4. For outdoor project, the antenna needs to be positioned in an area between the donor BTS
and coverage, pointing to the donor BTS to get an excellent donor signal.
5. For indoor project, usually the donor antenna is installed against the wall of the building
towards the donor Node B/eNode B. It should be installed at least 3 meters above the
ground to avoid shadowing when objects pass in the front of the donor antenna. Also install
the donor antenna higher than 8th floor is not recommended. When the antenna located in a
high floor, it would be difficult to obtain a dominant signal with good quality due to the
interference of signals from various nearby Node B/eNode Bs.
3.2.2 Service Antenna
3.2.2.1 Service Antenna Selection
The service antenna is usually selected and purchased by the customer. It needs to meet the
requirements below:
1. Working frequency: The service antenna needs to be compatible with the repeater’s
operating frequency range.
2. Half-power Beam width: Select the antenna with suitable half-power beam width according
to the required coverage area.
3. For outdoor coverage, the service antenna needs to meet the other two conditions below:
Waterproof and excellent Front-to-back Ratio. The antenna needs to be waterproof to
prevent rainwater from affecting the antenna’s characteristics, ultimately affecting the
performance of the repeater. At the meantime, the front to back ratio needs to be higher than
20dB to assure enough isolation of the site.
4. For indoor coverage, a broadband antenna, which can support the frequency range of
824~2200MHz, are selected to be compatible to all systems.
5. Recommended service antennas:
Indoor Project: Indoor omni-directional antenna, indoor panel antenna
Outdoor Project: Parabolic antenna, corner reflected antenna, outdoor panel antenna

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3.2.2.2 Service Antenna Installation
It is necessary to find a good location for the service antenna in order to achieve best coverage.
For indoor coverage, the conditions below need to be considered:
1. Avoid installing near metal or obstacles that may influence its coverage performance.
2. Install the antenna at least 2m above the floor for the best coverage and for the
convenience of passers-by.
3. The service antenna should not be installed close to the donor antenna to avoid the isolation
issue.
For outdoor coverage, the conditions below need to be considered:
1. Avoid install near trees or other obstacles that may influence its coverage performance.
2. The service antenna should not be installed too close to the donor antenna to avoid the
isolation issue. The angle between donor antenna direction and service direction needs to
be greater than 90 degrees. The best condition is when the donor and service antennas are
installed in opposite direction (180 degrees).
Repeater is installed
on this tower
Donor BTS
Coverage Area
DonorAntenna
Direction
ServiceAntenna
Direction
Thisangelmustbe
biggerthan90°
Figure 5
3. When installing the donor antenna in a relatively high location, lightning arrestors are
necessary. Grounding for both arrestor and antenna are essential.
4. Waterproofing of service antenna’s connector with sealant is highly recommended.
3.2.3 Isolation
Isolation is an important concept when it comes to the implementation of a repeater system,
especially for the outdoor project. There must be sufficient isolation within the repeater system,
which means there must be enough distance and obstacles between the donor and the service
antennas, and their directions are recommended to be in opposite directions. The propagation

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Dual Band ICS Repeater User Manual
loss between the antennas needs to be at least 15dB above the DL gain value used by the
repeater. The R8XDLI series repeater is also known as the ICS repeater. Therefore, the Isolation
requirement is different from normal RF repeaters. For the normal RF repeaters the Isolation
value needs to be at least 15dB above the gain value. As for the R8XDLI series repeater, the
Isolation requirement is 15dB lower than the DL gain. Hence, the Isolation requirement for the
R8XDLI series is 30dB lower than ordinary Isolation requirement. Non-compliance to this
criterion can result in poor signal in the coverage area and may damage the amplifier of the
repeater.
3.2.3.1 Self-oscillation Concept
Isolation is the propagation loss value from the repeater’s output port to its input port. For a wireless
repeater, insufficient isolation between donor and service antennas will result in self-oscillation.
Figure 6
As shown in the above diagram, the donor antenna receives a RF signal f1from the Donor Node
B/eNode B, after amplification by the repeater with a gain G, the signal radiates out via the service
antenna. Part of f1 (f1’)radiates back towards the donor antenna (due to side lobe characteristics of
antennas) and is picked up by the donor antenna again and goes through the amplification process
again. Severe self-oscillation issue result in poor signal quality and at times it can damage the
repeaters’ amplifiers. To prevent self-oscillation from occurring, the isolation requirement mention
previously must be met.
When self-oscillation occurs, the alarm LED, “AGC Alarm” will be flickering. Repeater may be
damaged if it operates under self-oscillation condition.
3.2.3.2 Obtaining the Isolation Value
Isolation detection of the repeater
Isolation ≥ (DL Gain of Repeater + 15dB) –30dB