Satel SATELLAR XT 5R User manual

SATEL XPRS RADIO ROUTER
RADIO UNIT
SATELLAR XT 5R AND XT 5RC
USER GUIDE VERSION. 1.8
RU
USER GUIDE

Copyright © 2019 SATEL Oy
No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted or stored in a retrieval system in any form or by any means
without the prior written permission of SATEL Oy. This document is provided in condence and must not be distributed
to third parties without the express permission of SATEL Oy.

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Contents
Important notice 6
Restrictions on use 7
Product conformity 8
Warranty and safety instructions 9
1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family 10
1.1 Terms and abbreviations 14
2. Technical specications 15
3. Typical setup 19
4. Mounting 21
4.1 Mounting of the SATELLAR XT 5R and 5RC 21
4.2 Front cover 22
5. Interfaces 23
5.1 Serial data 24
5.1.1 RS-232 24
5.1.2 RS-485/422 interface 25

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5.1.3 RS-485/422 line length 26
5.1.4 Unit load 26
5.1.5 RS-485/422 termination 26
5.1.6 RS-485/422 connection/termination examples 26
5.1.7 Failsafe RS-485/422 termination 28
5.2 Radio 29
5.3 DC supply 30
5.4 Diagnostics, monitoring, changing settings 30
5.5 LED indicators 31
5.6 Function button 32
6. Data transmission 35
6.1 Basic mode with TX priority 35
6.2 Basic mode with RX priority 37
6.3 Basic mode with repeater 38
6.4 Source routing 38
6.5 Packet routing 41
6.5.1 Radio access control 43
6.6 Data ow control in basic and source routing mode 44
6.6.1 TX delay 44
6.6.2 Handshaking 44
6.6.3 Error control 46
6.6.4 Pause length 46
6.7 Link specic network settings with packet routing 47
6.7.1 Link specic QAM modulation 47

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6.7.2 Link specic Handshake and Retransmissions 48
6.8 Automatic QAM modulation with packet routing 49
6.9 Link specic QAM modulation and automatic QAM modulation settings 50
7. Settings 51
7.1 Network protocol modes 51
7.1.1 Station addresses and network ID 52
7.2 Radio settings 53
7.3 Serial connector conguration 54
7.4 Data port settings 55
7.5 Serial data ow control 56
7.6 Packet mode radio access control 57
8. Accessories 61
9. SATEL open source statements 62
9.1 AES Encryption 62
10. Troubleshooting 63
10.1 Error codes 63
10.2 Connection problems 67
11. Settings selection guide 68
11.1 Modem Settings 68

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All rights to this manual are owned solely by SATEL
Oy (referred to in this user guide as SATEL). All
rights reserved. The copying of this manual (with-
out written permission from the owner) by printing,
copying, recording or by any other means, or the
full or partial translation of the manual to any other
language, including all programming languages,
using any electrical, mechanical, magnetic, optical,
manual or other methods or devices is forbidden.
SATEL reserves the right to change the technical
specications or functions of its products, or to
discontinue the manufacture of any of its products
or to discontinue the support of any of its products,
without any written announcement and urges its
customers to ensure that the information at their
disposal is valid.
SATEL soware and programs are delivered ”as
is”. The manufacturer does not grant any kind of
warranty including guarantees on suitability and
applicability to a certain application. Under no cir-
cumstances is the manufacturer or the developer
of a program responsible for any possible damages
caused by the use of a program. The names of
the programs as well as all copyrights relating to
the programs are the sole property of SATEL. Any
transfer, licensing to a third party, leasing, rent-
ing, transportation, copying, editing, translating,
modifying into another programming language
or reverse engineering for any intent is forbidden
without the written consent of Satel.
SATEL PRODUCTS HAVE NOT BEEN DESIGNED,
INTENDED NOR INSPECTED TO BE USED IN ANY
LIFE SUPPORT - RELATED DEVICE OR SYSTEM
- RELATED FUNCTION NOR AS A PART OF ANY
OTHER CRITICAL SYSTEM AND ARE GRANTED NO
FUNCTIONAL WARRANTY IF THEY ARE USED IN ANY
OF THE APPLICATIONS MENTIONED.
Salo, Finland 2019
Important notice

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SATELLAR radio modem has been designed to
operate on 360-485 MHz, the exact use of which
diers from one region and/or country to another.
The user of a radio modem must take care that the
said device is not operated without the permission
of the local authorities on frequencies other than
those specically reserved and intended for use
without a specic permit.
SATELLAR is allowed to be used in the following
countries, either on licence free channels or on
channels where the operation requires a licence.
More detailed information is available at the local
frequency management authority.
Countries: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI,
FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IL, IT, LV, LT, LX, MT, NL, NO,
PL, PT, RO, RU, SE, SI and SK.
Restrictions on use

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Product conformity
SATELLAR
SATEL Oy hereby declares that SATELLAR Radio Unit (referred to in this user guide as RU) radio modem
is in compliance with the essential requirements (radio performance, electromagnetic compatibility
and electrical safety) and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU. Therefore the equipment is
labelled with the following CE-marking.

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Warranty and safety instructions
Read these safety instructions carefully before using the product:
– The warranty will be void if the product is used in any way that is in
contradiction with the instructions given in this manual, or if the housing of the
radio modem has been opened or tampered with.
– The radio modem is only to be operated at frequencies allocated by local
authorities, and without exceeding the given maximum allowed output
power ratings. Satel and its distributors are not responsible if any products
manufactured by it are used in unlawful ways.
– The devices mentioned in this manual are to be used only according to the
instructions described in this manual. Faultless and safe operation of the
devices can be guaranteed only if the transport, storage, operation and
handling of the devices is appropriate. This also applies to the maintenance of
the products.
– To prevent damage to device, both the radio modem and any terminal device
must always be switched OFF before connecting or disconnecting the serial
connection cable. It should be ascertained that dierent devices used have the
same ground potential. Before connecting any power cables the output voltage
of the power supply should be checked.
– It is possible to connect the device to an outdoor antenna or a cable distribution
system. In these cases, in order to conduct the possible over voltages due to
lightings to earth, the equipment should be connected to protective earth by
using the mounting screws of the device. This is a requirement in order to be in
compliance with the electrical safety regulations (EN 60950-1).
– To be protected against all veried adverse eects the separation distance of
at least 50 cm must be maintained between the antenna of SATELLAR radio
modem and all persons.
– Any radio link can susceptible to external interference and signal degradation by
its nature. Beacuse of that, the eects of possible interference mechanism and
the suicient back-up schemes must be taken into account in the system design
of the critical applications.

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
3
1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
SATELLAR is a new generation narrow band radio modem, which consists of separate units:
– Central unit (CU)
– Radio unit (RU)
Figure 1.1 SATELLAR product family:
1. SATELLAR XT 5RC with display:
Central unit (CU) with display and keypad + radio unit (RU)
2. SATELLAR XT 5RC without display:
Central unit (CU) without display and keypad + radio unit (RU)
3. SATELLAR XT 5R: Radio unit (RU)
Using SATELLAR, customers build their own independent radio data communication network.
This document presents the specications and the intended use of the RU. The properties of other units are
described in their own manuals. Reading them is necessary to understand the operation of the RU.
Data communication
SATELLAR operates either as a transparent radio link, essentially replacing a cable, for classic RS-232 /
RS-485 / RS-422 based protocols or as a wireless router in an IP-based network. When the RU is acting as a
router station in an IP network without any local Ethernet connection, it can be used as a standalone device.
In stations where a local Ethernet connection is needed it must be used together with a CU.
SA00057
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
OK
1 2
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
3
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
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SA00066
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
Figure 1.2 SATELLAR XT 5R: The Radio unit (RU) is used as standalone device router station, where Ethernet is not
needed.
SA00067
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
OK
5
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
6
Figure 1.3 SATELLAR XT 5RC with display (on down le), SATELLAR XT 5RC without display (on down right) include RU
and CU. These types are used, when a local Ethernet connection is needed.
Range
In the RU of the SATELLAR the communication range of a point to point link is typically longer than 10 km
in urban conditions (some obstacles in the line of sight), and longer than 20 km in line of sight conditions.
Signicantly longer range can be achieved, depending on radio conditions, antenna selection etc. The
range can be further extended also by using the radio repeaters.
Security
Data security is oen a concern when using radio communication. In the SATELLAR a 128-bit encryption
on the air-interface ensures privacy in the radio network. With QAM-radio also the 256-bit encryption is
supported.
Flexible and expandable
The SATELLAR concept has been designed to be exible and expandable both in terms of hardware and
soware functions. This can also be seen when using the RU alone.

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
3
Modulation method
There are two - dierent kind – of radio units, one that support FSK modulation and one that supports
QAM modulation. Apart from the modulation and channel separation both of the dierent radio units
operate similarly and possible dierences are described in this user guide. These two versions are called
FSK-radio and QAM-radio throughout this document. Several dierent modulation levels are oered for
both of these variants. If the customer requires a long-range radio connection he/she selects a low level
modulation. On the contrary, if a high data rate is the primary concern a high level modulation must be
selected.
Channel width
Channel spacings 12.5, 25 and 150 kHz are supported with FSK-radio and with QAM-radio unit supported
channel spacings are 6.25, 12.5 and 25 kHz. Those can be selected by changing soware settings – without
a need to modify the hardware.
FEC (Forward Error Correction) and interleaving
To extend the radio range in a noisy environment (at the expense of the data rate) a forward error correc-
tion algorithm (FEC) can be used with FSK-radio. The RU oers two dierent code rates for forward error
correction and it is used together with interleaving to minimize the eect of errors occurring in bursts.
Adjustable output power
RF output power is adjustable within steps dened at factory by manufacturer. Maximum factory set
output power can not be exceeded by customer.
NOTE: It should be noted that modulation (except for Link specic QAM modulation), channel spacing, and
FEC must be equal in the whole network.

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
3
Figure 1.4 Modular construction, mounting of the central unit CU

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1. Introduction to the SATELLAR product family
3
Abbreviation Full Name Description
NMS Network Management System SATEL NMS is a combination of features and rmware
running in SATEL modems, a communication
protocol and external soware, together allowing the
monitoring, management and administration of radio
modem networks consisting of SATEL devices.
SATBUS SATEL Serial Bus Bus used to interconnect dierent SATELLAR units, e.g.
the RU and CU.
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array Supervises the board HW and operates as a gateway
between SATBUS and the MCU.
MCU Master Controller Unit Main processor of the RU, responsible for DATA
handling and control of the unit electronics.
DSP Digital Signal Processor Performs digital signal processing and radio channel
medium access tasks. Issues control commands and
monitor the operation of the radio part.
UART Universal Asynchronous Receive Transmit In standard use in SATELLAR.
Table 1.1 Terms and abbreviations
1.1 Terms and abbreviations
Here below are explained a few terms and abbreviations to help the reader of this manual in understand-
ing the basic concepts of SATELLAR.

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2. Technical specications
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2. Technical specications
Common radio parameters
Frequency range 360 – 485 MHz (Ask the availability from manufacturer)
Tuning range MHz 45 / 50 (360 - 405/400 - 445/400-450/440 - 485 MHz)
Channel width FSK-radio: 12.5, 25, 150 kHz selectable by soware
QAM-radio: 6.25, 12.5, 25 kHz selectable by soware
Carrier frequency setting Frequency programmability in 6.25 kHz steps
Carrier frequency accuracy
(over temperature)
+/-1.0 ppm *)
Carrier frequency long term stability +/-2.0 ppm/3 years
Latency (in transparent mode) < 18 ms (25 kHz, serial port speed 19200 bits/s, over-the-air
encryption o, FEC o)
Duplexity Half-duplex
Modulation methods FSK-radio: 4-, 8- and 16-FSK
QAM-radio: 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, 32- and 64-QAM
Forward error correction (FEC) O, code rate 0.67, code rate 0.5
NOTE! FEC not available with 16-FSK or with QAM modulation
Trellis coding Supported for 8-, 16-, 32- and 64-QAM modulation
Interleaving 8 x 96 bits
Over-the-air encryption FSK-radio: AES 128 bit (CTR-mode)
QAM-radio: AES 128 / 256 bit (CTR-mode)
*) At the factory
Transmitter parameters
Output power
FSK-radio unit
QAM-radio unit
0.1…5 W adjustable by soware, Steps: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 W
0.1…5 W adjustable by soware, Steps: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 W
(peak power ratings due to QAM modulation). Average power at max
peak power level is ~1W.
Adjacent channel power: Typically < -63 dBc (meas. method EN 300 113/EN 301 166)
Duty cycle ar max. power 100 % up to 60 oC, 50 % up to 70 oC

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2. Technical specications
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Air speed
bits/s @12.5 kHz bits/s @ 25 kHz bit/s @ 150 kHz
4-FSK 9600 19200 115200
8-FSK 14400 28800 172800
16-FSK 19200 38400 230400
bits/s @6.25 kHz bits/s @12.5 kHz bits/s @25 kHz
2-QAM 4680 10080 20160
4-QAM 9360 20160 40320
8-QAM 14040 30240 60480
16-QAM 18720 40320 80640
32-QAM 23400 50400 100800
64-QAM 28080 60480 120960
Receiver parameters / FSK-radio
Sensitivity / dBm
Channel spacing / modulation BER
10E-3 10E-6 SNR* (minimum)
25 kHz / 19200 bps (4-FSK) -116 -108 20
12.5 kHz / 9600 bps (4-FSK) -119 -114 20
150 kHz / 115200 bps (4-FSK) -104 -97 20
25 kHz / 28800 bps (8-FSK) -108 -102 26
12.5 kHz / 14400 bps (8-FSK) -112 -105 26
150 kHz / 172800 bps (8-FSK) -96 -89 26
25 kHz / 38400 bps (16-FSK) -102 -94 32
12.5 kHz / 19200 bps (16-FSK) -104 -97 32
150 kHz / 230400 bps (16-FSK) -88 -82 32

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2. Technical specications
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Receiver parameters / QAM-radio
Sensitivity / dBm
Channel spacing / modulation BER
10E-3 10E-6 SNR* (minimum)
6.25 kHz / 4680 bps (2-QAM) -121 -118 11
12.5 kHz / 10080 bps (2-QAM) -118 -116 11
25 kHz / 20160 bps (2-QAM) -117 -114 11
6.25 kHz / 9360 bps (4-QAM) -118 -115 14
12.5 kHz / 20160 bps (4-QAM) -115 -113 14
25 kHz / 40320 bps (4-QAM) -114 -111 14
6.25 kHz / 14040 bps (8-QAM) -115 -112 17
12.5 kHz / 30240 bps (8-QAM) -113 -109 17
25 kHz / 60480 bps (8-QAM) -111 -108 17
6.25 kHz / 18720 bps (16-QAM) -111 -109 20
12.5 kHz / 40320 bps (16-QAM) -110 -106 20
25 kHz / 80640 bps (16-QAM) -108 -105 20
6.25 kHz / 23400 bps (32-QAM) -108 -106 23
12.5 kHz / 50400 bps (32-QAM) -107 -103 23
25 kHz / 10080 bps (32-QAM) -105 -102 23
6.25 kHz / 28080 bps (64-QAM) -105 -102 27
12.5 kHz / 60480 bps (64-QAM) -104 -100 27
25 kHz / 120960 bps (64-QAM) -101 -98 27
* SNR = Detector Signal to Noise Ratio
Common parameters
Power consumption
SATELLAR radio unit 17.9 W, 5 W transmission (TX mode)
7.3 W, 100 mW transmission (TX mode)
2.8 W, reception (RX mode)
Start time (from power o) < 2.5 s
Interfaces – power 2-pin plug with screw ange, pitch 3.5 mm, type Phoenix Contact MC
1,5/2-GF-3,5 THT, code 1937318
Interfaces – DTE RS-232/422/485 (TIA-574), D9 female
Up to 256 kbps
Interfaces – RF TNC female, 50 ohm

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2. Technical specications
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Temperature ranges -25 - +55 °C, complies with the standards
-30 - +70 °C, functional
-40 - +85 °C, storage
Humidity < 95 % @ 25 °C, non-condensing
Vibration At least 10 – 500 Hz/5g without degradation in data transfer capability
Shock resistivity Dropping height 1 m, all directions
IP rating IP 52
DC input range +10.6 ... 30 V, nominal 12 V
Mechanical dimensions H × W × D
SATELLAR radio unit 130 × 55.5 × 76.5 mm
Mounting DIN rail (side or back) or directly on at surface
Weight
SATELLAR radio unit 680 g
Cooling
SATELLAR radio unit Convection cooling
Standards
Radio requirements FSK-radio: EN 300 113-1, -2, EN 302 561
QAM-radio: EN 300 113-1, -2, EN 301 166-1, -2
EMC
- radio unit
- central unit
EN 301 489-1, -5
IEC 61000-6-2, IEC 61000-6-4
Safety EN 60950-1
RoHS 2002/95/EC, 2002/96/EU, 2011/65/EU
Table 2.1 Technical specications of SATELLAR radio unit

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3. Typical setup
3
3. Typical setup
The gure below shows a typical setup when transferring data through the RU. When using the RU
together with the CU, the recommended minimum distance between antenna and the CU is 2 m in order
to avoid degradation of the receiver sensitivity due to radiated interference from the CU.
Setup is the same whether the radio unit used is FSK- or QAM-radio.
Figure 3.1 Transferring data through the RU, cabling
1.
RF cable
with TNC
male
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
USB
ETH
PWR
STAT
OK
RF
10.6-30
VDC
RS-485/
RS-232
2.
3.
Data cable
with D9
male
connector
Data
terminal
equipment
Power
supply
10.6-30VDC
17.9 W
SA00033
min
2 m
+ -
RU
CU
SATELLAR XT 5R
Radio unit only

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3. Typical setup
3
If the user wants to change/view settings the Data terminal equipment needs to be replaced by a PC. The
role of the port must then be changed to accept NMS messages. This can be done by pressing the function
button that is located below the RU LED indicators. The functionality of the button is described in chapter
5.5. When the type of the DTE interface is the standard RS-232, the port can also be congured so that it is
possible to use the Data terminal equipment and PC simultaneously (see chapter 7.4 for details).
TD
RD
PWR
STAT
RX
TX
CTS
RTS
Function button
SA00034
Figure 3.2 Location of the Function button