Sybase Adaptive Server Anywhere Service manual

Adaptive Server™Anywhere
Reference
Last modified: November 2000
Part Number: MC0058

Copyright © 2001 Sybase, Inc. All rights reserved.
Information in this manual may change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of
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Sybase, Inc. provides the software described in this manual under a Sybase License Agreement. The software may be
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Last modified: March 2000. Part Number: MC0058.

iii
Contents
About This Manual............................................................xi
Related documentation............................................................xii
Documentation conventions....................................................xiii
The sample database..............................................................xvi
1 File Locations and Installation Settings........................... 1
Installation directory structure...................................................2
How Adaptive Server Anywhere locates files...........................4
Environment variables ..............................................................6
Registry entries and INI files...................................................10
2 The Database Server .......................................................13
The database server...............................................................14
3 Connection and Communication Parameters................ 45
Connection parameters...........................................................46
Network communications parameters ....................................65
4 Database Administration Utilities................................... 75
Administration utilities overview..............................................77
The Backup utility....................................................................78
The Collation utility..................................................................82
The Compression utility...........................................................85
The Console utility...................................................................87
The Data Source utility............................................................89
The Erase utility ......................................................................94
The Information utility..............................................................96
The Initialization utility.............................................................98
The Interactive SQL utility.....................................................106
The License utility .................................................................109
The Log Transfer Manager...................................................111
The Log Translation utility.....................................................117
The Ping utility.......................................................................122
The REBUILD utility..............................................................124

iv
The Server Location utility ....................................................125
The Service Creation utility...................................................126
The Spawn utility...................................................................129
The Stop utility......................................................................130
The Transaction Log utility....................................................132
The Uncompression utility.....................................................136
The Unload utility..................................................................138
The Upgrade utility................................................................145
The Validation utility..............................................................148
The Write File utility ..............................................................151
5 Database Options.......................................................... 155
Introduction to database options...........................................156
General database options.....................................................161
Transact-SQL and SQL/92 compatibility options..................163
Replication options................................................................166
Interactive SQL options.........................................................167
Alphabetical list of options ....................................................169
6 SQL Language Elements .............................................. 219
Keywords ..............................................................................220
Identifiers...............................................................................223
Strings...................................................................................224
Operators..............................................................................225
Expressions...........................................................................230
Search conditions .................................................................239
Special values.......................................................................247
Variables...............................................................................250
Comments.............................................................................259
NULL value ...........................................................................260
7 SQL Data Types............................................................. 263
Character data types.............................................................264
Numeric data types...............................................................268
Money data types..................................................................275
Bit data type..........................................................................276
Date and time data types......................................................277
Binary data types ..................................................................284
Domains................................................................................286
Java class data types............................................................288
Data type conversions ..........................................................293
Java / SQL data type conversion..........................................294
Year 2000 compliance..........................................................297

v
8 SQL Functions............................................................... 303
Function types.......................................................................304
Alphabetical list of functions..................................................313
9 SQL Statements............................................................. 377
Using the SQL statement reference......................................378
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement [ESQL].....................381
ALTER DATABASE statement .............................................383
ALTER DBSPACE statement ...............................................385
ALTER EVENT statement.....................................................387
ALTER PROCEDURE statement..........................................389
ALTER SERVER statement..................................................390
ALTER TABLE statement .....................................................392
ALTER TRIGGER statement................................................398
ALTER VIEW statement .......................................................399
ALTER WRITEFILE statement .............................................400
BACKUP statement ..............................................................401
BEGIN statement..................................................................404
BEGIN TRANSACTION statement.......................................407
CALL statement ....................................................................410
CASE statement....................................................................412
CHECKPOINT statement......................................................414
CLEAR statement [Interactive SQL] .....................................415
CLOSE statement [ESQL] [SP].............................................416
COMMENT statement...........................................................418
COMMIT statement...............................................................420
CONFIGURE statement [Interactive SQL]............................422
CONNECT statement [ESQL] [Interactive SQL]...................423
CREATE COMPRESSED DATABASE statement................426
CREATE DATABASE statement ..........................................427
CREATE DBSPACE statement ............................................431
CREATE DOMAIN statement...............................................433
CREATE EVENT statement..................................................435
CREATE EXISTING TABLE statement ................................441
CREATE EXTERNLOGIN statement....................................443
CREATE FUNCTION statement...........................................445
CREATE INDEX statement...................................................448
CREATE MESSAGE statement [T-SQL]..............................452
CREATE PROCEDURE statement.......................................453
CREATE PROCEDURE statement [T-SQL].........................460
CREATE SCHEMA statement..............................................462
CREATE SERVER statement...............................................464
CREATE TABLE statement ..................................................466
CREATE TRIGGER statement.............................................477
CREATE TRIGGER statement [T-SQL] ...............................480

vi
CREATE VARIABLE statement............................................481
CREATE VIEW statement ....................................................482
CREATE WRITEFILE statement ..........................................484
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement [ESQL]................485
Declaration section [ESQL]...................................................486
DECLARE statement ............................................................487
DECLARE CURSOR statement [ESQL] [SP].......................488
DECLARE CURSOR statement [T-SQL]..............................493
DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE
statement ..............................................................................495
DELETE statement ...............................................................496
DELETE (positioned) statement [ESQL] [SP].......................498
DESCRIBE statement [ESQL]..............................................500
DISCONNECT statement
[ESQL][Interactive SQL]........................................................504
DROP statement...................................................................505
DROP DATABASE statement...............................................507
DROP CONNECTION statement .........................................508
DROP EXTERNLOGIN statement........................................509
DROP OPTIMIZER STATISTICS statement........................510
DROP SERVER statement...................................................511
DROP STATEMENT statement [ESQL]...............................512
DROP VARIABLE statement................................................513
EXECUTE statement [ESQL]................................................514
EXECUTE statement [T-SQL]...............................................516
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement [SP]...............................518
EXIT statement [Interactive SQL] .........................................520
EXPLAIN statement [ESQL] .................................................521
FETCH statement [ESQL] [SP].............................................523
FOR statement......................................................................528
FORWARD TO statement.....................................................530
FROM clause........................................................................532
GET DATA statement [ESQL]...............................................535
GET DESCRIPTOR statement [ESQL] ................................537
GET OPTION statement [ESQL] ..........................................538
GOTO statement [T-SQL].....................................................539
GRANT statement.................................................................540
HELP statement [Interactive SQL]........................................544
IF statement..........................................................................545
IF statement [T-SQL] ............................................................547
INCLUDE statement [ESQL].................................................549
INPUT statement [Interactive SQL] ......................................550
INSERT statement................................................................554
INSTALL statement...............................................................556
LEAVE statement..................................................................558
LOAD TABLE statement.......................................................560

vii
LOCK TABLE statement.......................................................565
LOOP statement ...................................................................567
MESSAGE statement ...........................................................568
OPEN statement [ESQL] [SP]...............................................570
OUTPUT statement [Interactive SQL]...................................573
PARAMETERS statement [Interactive SQL] ........................577
PREPARE statement [ESQL] ...............................................578
PREPARE TO COMMIT statement ......................................580
PRINT statement [T-SQL].....................................................581
PUT statement [ESQL] .........................................................582
RAISERROR statement [T-SQL]..........................................584
READ statement [Interactive SQL] .......................................586
READTEXT statement [T-SQL] ............................................587
RELEASE SAVEPOINT statement.......................................588
REMOVE statement..............................................................589
RESIGNAL statement...........................................................590
RESTORE statement............................................................591
RESUME statement..............................................................592
RETURN statement ..............................................................593
REVOKE statement ..............................................................595
ROLLBACK statement..........................................................597
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT statement ..............................598
ROLLBACK TRIGGER statement.........................................599
SAVEPOINT statement.........................................................600
SELECT statement ...............................................................601
SET statement ......................................................................605
SET statement [T-SQL].........................................................607
SET CONNECTION statement
[Interactive SQL][ESQL]........................................................610
SET DESCRIPTOR statement [ESQL].................................611
SET OPTION statement .......................................................612
SET OPTION statement [Interactive SQL] ...........................615
SET SQLCA statement [ESQL] ............................................616
SETUSER statement ............................................................617
SIGNAL statement................................................................619
START DATABASE statement.............................................620
START ENGINE statement [Interactive SQL].......................622
START JAVA statement .......................................................623
START LOGGING statement [Interactive SQL]....................624
STOP DATABASE statement...............................................625
STOP ENGINE statement.....................................................626
STOP JAVA statement .........................................................627
STOP LOGGING statement [Interactive SQL]......................628
SYSTEM statement [Interactive SQL]...................................629
TRIGGER EVENT statement................................................630
TRUNCATE TABLE statement.............................................631

viii
UNION operation ..................................................................633
UNLOAD statement..............................................................634
UNLOAD TABLE statement..................................................635
UPDATE statement...............................................................637
UPDATE (positioned) statement...........................................641
VALIDATE INDEX statement................................................643
VALIDATE TABLE statement ...............................................644
WHENEVER statement [ESQL]............................................646
WHILE statement [T-SQL]....................................................647
WRITETEXT statement [T-SQL]...........................................648
10 Database Error Messages............................................. 649
Error messages indexed by Adaptive Server
Anywhere SQLCODE ...........................................................650
Error messages indexed by SQLSTATE..............................669
Error messages indexed by Sybase error code....................687
Alphabetic list of error messages..........................................711
Internal errors (assertion failed)............................................929
11 SQL Preprocessor Error Messages.............................. 931
SQL Preprocessor error messages indexed by
error message value.............................................................932
SQLPP errors........................................................................936
12 Differences from Other SQL Dialects........................... 953
Adaptive Server Anywhere SQL features.............................954
13 Physical Limitations...................................................... 957
Size and number limitations..................................................958
14 System Procedures and Functions.............................. 961
System procedure overview..................................................962
System and catalog stored procedures................................963
System extended stored procedures....................................981
Adaptive Server Enterprise system and catalog
procedures............................................................................988
15 System Tables ............................................................... 991
System tables diagram .........................................................993
System table descriptions.....................................................995
DUMMY system table ...........................................................996
SYSARTICLE system table ..................................................997

ix
SYSARTICLECOL system table...........................................998
SYSCAPABILITY system table.............................................999
SYSCAPABILITYNAME system table ................................1000
SYSCOLLATION system table ...........................................1001
SYSCOLLATIONMAPPINGS system table........................1002
SYSCOLPERM system table..............................................1003
SYSCOLUMN system table................................................1004
SYSDOMAIN system table .................................................1006
SYSEXTENT system table .................................................1007
SYSEXTERNLOGINS system table ...................................1008
SYSFILE system table........................................................1009
SYSFKCOL system table....................................................1010
SYSFOREIGNKEY system table........................................1011
SYSGROUP system table ..................................................1013
SYSINDEX system table.....................................................1014
SYSINFO system table.......................................................1016
SYSIXCOL system table.....................................................1018
SYSJAR system table.........................................................1019
SYSJARCOMPONENT system table .................................1020
SYSJAVACLASS system table...........................................1021
SYSLOGIN system table ....................................................1023
SYSOPTION system table..................................................1024
SYSPROCEDURE system table.........................................1025
SYSPROCPARM system table...........................................1026
SYSPROCPERM system table...........................................1028
SYSPUBLICATION system table........................................1029
SYSREMOTEOPTION system table ..................................1030
SYSREMOTEOPTIONTYPE system table.........................1031
SYSREMOTETYPE system table.......................................1032
SYSREMOTEUSER system table......................................1033
SYSSERVERS system table ..............................................1035
SYSSQLSERVERTYPE system table................................1036
SYSSUBSCRIPTION system table.....................................1037
SYSSYNC system table......................................................1038
SYSTABLE system table ....................................................1039
SYSTABLEPERM system table..........................................1041
SYSTRIGGER system table ...............................................1043
SYSTYPEMAP system table ..............................................1045
SYSUSERMESSAGES system table .................................1046
SYSUSERPERM system table...........................................1047
SYSUSERTYPE system table............................................1049
16 System Views............................................................... 1051
SYSARTICLECOLS system view.......................................1053
SYSARTICLES system view...............................................1054

x
SYSCAPABILITIES system view........................................1055
SYSCATALOG system view...............................................1056
SYSCOLAUTH system view...............................................1057
SYSCOLUMNS system view..............................................1058
SYSFOREIGNKEYS system view......................................1059
SYSGROUPS system view.................................................1060
SYSINDEXES system view ................................................1061
SYSOPTIONS system view................................................1062
SYSPROCAUTH system view............................................1063
SYSPROCPARMS system view.........................................1064
SYSPUBLICATIONS system view......................................1065
SYSREMOTEOPTIONS system view ................................1066
SYSREMOTETYPES system views...................................1067
SYSREMOTEUSERS system view ....................................1068
SYSSUBSCRIPTIONS system view...................................1069
SYSTABAUTH system view ...............................................1070
SYSTRIGGERS system view .............................................1071
SYSUSERAUTH system view ............................................1072
SYSUSERLIST system view...............................................1073
SYSUSEROPTIONS system view......................................1074
SYSUSERPERMS system view .........................................1075
SYSVIEWS system view.....................................................1076
Views for Transact-SQL Compatibility................................1077
A Database Performance and Connection Properties...1081
Database performance statistics ........................................1082
Database properties............................................................1090
Index..............................................................................1103

xi
About This Manual
This manual provides reference material for all aspects of Adaptive Server
Anywhere, including SQL statements, administration utilities, error
messages, system tables, and so on.
While other manuals provide more motivation and context for how to carry
out particular tasks, this manual is the place to look for complete listings of
available syntax, utility command-line options, and so on.
This manual is for all users of Adaptive Server Anywhere. It is to be used in
conjunction with other manuals in the documentation set.
Topic Page
Related documentation xii
Documentation conventions xiii
The sample database xvi
Subject
Audience
Contents

xii
Related documentation
Adaptive Server Anywhere is a part of SQL Anywhere Studio. For an
overview of the different components of SQL Anywhere Studio, see
Introducing SQL Anywhere Studio.
The Adaptive Server Anywhere documentation consists of the following
books:
♦Getting Started Intended for all users of Adaptive Server Anywhere,
this book describes the following:
♦New features in Adaptive Server Anywhere
♦Behavior changes from previous releases
♦Upgrade procedures
♦Introductory material for beginning users.
♦Programming Interfaces Guide Intended for application developers
writing programs that directly access the ODBC, Embedded SQL, or
Open Client interfaces, this book describes how to develop applications
for Adaptive Server Anywhere.
This book is not required for users of Application Development tools
with built-in ODBC support, such as Sybase PowerBuilder.
♦User’s Guide A comprehensive guide to using SQL, administering
databases, and using Adaptive Server Anywhere features.
♦Quick Reference A handy printed booklet with complete SQL syntax
and other key reference material in a concise format.
♦Read Me First (UNIX only) A separate booklet is provided with UNIX
versions of Adaptive Server Anywhere, describing installation and
adding some UNIX-specific notes.
The format of these books (printed or online) may depend on the product in
which you obtained Adaptive Server Anywhere. Depending on which
package you have purchased, you may have additional books describing
other components of your product.

xiii
Documentation conventions
This section lists the typographic and graphical conventions used in this
documentation.
Syntax conventions
The following conventions are used in the SQL syntax descriptions:
♦Keywords All SQL keywords are shown in UPPER CASE. However,
SQL keywords are case insensitive, so you can enter keywords in any
case you wish; SELECT is the same as Select is the same as select.
♦Placeholders Items that must be replaced with appropriate identifiers
or expressions are shown in italics.
♦Continuation Lines beginning with ... are a continuation of the
statements from the previous line.
♦Repeating items Lists of repeating items appear with an element of
the list followed by an ellipsis (three dots). One or more list elements are
allowed. If you specify more than one, they must be separated by
commas.
♦Optional portions Optional portions of a statement are enclosed by
square brackets. For example,
RELEASE SAVEPOINT [ savepoint-name ]
indicates that the savepoint-name is optional. Do not type the square
brackets.
♦Options When none or only one of a list of items must be chosen, the
items are separated by vertical bars and the list enclosed in square
brackets. For example,
[ ASC | DESC ]
indicates that you can choose one of ASC, DESC, or neither. The square
brackets should not be typed.
♦Alternatives When precisely one of the options must be chosen, the
alternatives are enclosed in curly braces. For example,
QUOTES { ON | OFF }
indicates that exactly one of ON or OFF must be provided. Do not type
the braces.

xiv
Graphic icons
The following icons are used in this documentation:
Icon Meaning
A client application.
If the icon is used to represent a particular application
or kind of application, the name is indicated in the
bottom right corner.
A database server, such as Sybase Adaptive Server
Anywhere or Adaptive Server Enterprise.
If the icon is used to represent a particular kind of
database server, such as Adaptive Server Anywhere,
the name is indicated in the bottom right corner.
An UltraLite application and database server.
In UltraLite, the database server and the application
are part of the same process.
A database.
In some high-level diagrams, the icon may be used to
represent both the database and the database server
that manages it.
Replication or synchronization middleware.
These pieces of software assist in sharing data among
databases. Examples include the MobiLink
Synchronization Server, the SQL Remote Message
Agent, and the Replication Agent (Log Transfer
Manager) for use with Replication Server.
If the particular kind of middleware is not obvious
from the context of the diagram, the name is indicated
in the bottom right hand corner.
A Sybase Replication Server.

xv
Installed files
The following terms are used throughout the manual:
♦Installation directory The directory into which you install Adaptive
Server Anywhere.
♦Executable directory The executables and other files for each
operating system are held in an executable subdirectory of the
installation directory. This subdirectory has the following name:
♦Windows NT and Windows 95/98 win32
♦UNIX bin
♦Windows 3.x win
♦NetWare and Windows CE The executables are held in the
Adaptive Server Anywhere installation directory itself on these
platforms.

xvi
The sample database
There is a sample database included with Adaptive Server Anywhere. Many
of the examples throughout the documentation use this sample database.
The sample database represents a small company. It contains internal
information about the company (employees, departments, and financial data)
as well as product information (products), sales information (sales orders,
customers, and contacts), and financial information (fin_code, fin_data).
The following figure shows the tables in the sample database and how they
are related to each other.
id = id
id = prod_id
code = fin_code_id
emp_id = sales_rep
id = cust_id
code = code
dept_id = dept_id
emp_id = dept_head_id
contact
id <pk> integer
last_name char(15)
first_name char(15)
title char(2)
street char(30)
city char(20)
state char(2)
zip char(5)
phone char(10)
fax char(10)
customer
id <pk> integer
fname char(15)
lname char(20)
address char(35)
city char(20)
state char(2)
zip char(10)
phone char(12)
company_name char(35)
sales_order
id <pk> integer
cust_id <fk> integer
order_date date
fin_code_id <fk> char(2)
region char(7)
sales_rep <fk> integer
fin_code
code <pk> char(2)
type char(10)
description char(50)
fin_data
year <pk> char(4)
quarter <pk> char(2)
code <pk,fk> char(2)
amount numeric(9)
product
id <pk> integer
name char(15)
description char(30)
size char(18)
color char(6)
quantity integer
unit_price numeric(15,2)
sales_order_items
id <pk,fk> integer
line_id <pk> smallint
prod_id <fk> integer
quantity integer
ship_date date
employee
emp_id <pk> integer
manager_id integer
emp_fname char(20)
emp_lname char(20)
dept_id <fk> integer
street char(40)
city char(20)
state char(4)
zip_code char(9)
phone char(10)
status char(1)
ss_number char(11)
salary numeric(20,3)
start_date date
termination_date date
birth_date date
bene_health_ins char(1)
bene_life_ins char(1)
bene_day_care char(1)
sex char(1)
department
dept_id <pk> integer
dept_name char(40)
dept_head_id <fk> integer
asademo.db

xvii
The sample database is held in a file named
asademo.db , and is located in
your installation directory.

xviii

1
CHAPTER 1
File Locations and Installation Settings
This chapter describes the installation and operating system settings used by
Adaptive Server Anywhere. Depending on the operating system, these
settings may be stored as environment variables, initialization file entries, or
registry entries.
Topic Page
Installation directory structure 2
How Adaptive Server Anywhere locates files 4
Environment variables 6
Registry entries and INI files 10
About this chapter
Contents

Installation directory structure
2
Installation directory structure
When you install Adaptive Server Anywhere, several directories may be
created. Some of the files in these directories are essential, and others are
not. This section describes the directory structure.
Adaptive Server Anywhere software, whether you receive it as a product or
bundled as part of another product, is installed under a single installation
directory. The tools provided with the Adaptive Server Anywhere product,
however, are installed in other directories. This section describes only the
installation directory structure for Adaptive Server Anywhere itself.
The Adaptive Server Anywhere installation directory itself holds several
items, including the following:
♦The sample database The sample database is held in the file
asademo.db .
♦Read Me First A Read Me First file named
readme.txt holds late-
breaking information.
For platforms other than Novell NetWare and Windows CE, there are several
directories under the installation directory:
♦Executable directories There is a separate directory for each
operating system, which holds executables, dynamic link libraries, and
help files.
If you are using Windows 95/98, or NT, these files are installed in the
win32 directory. If you are using UNIX, they are installed in the bin
directory. On NetWare, the executables are stored in the installation
directory itself.
You will not have all these directories on your machine; you will have
only the ones required for the operating system version you installed.
♦Java directory Java base classes are stored in this directory.
♦ProcDebug directory The stored procedure debugger is stored in this
directory.
♦Scripts directory The scripts directory contains SQL scripts that are
used by the database administration utilities and as examples. With the
exception of specific scripts (
custom.sql , custmap.sql ), do not edit these
scripts. If the scripts directory is not present, the administration utilities
will not work.
♦Examples directories There are separate directories for C (
cxmp ) and
Java (
jxmp ) examples.
The Adaptive
Server Anywhere
installation
directory