Sykes AmeriPumps GP100M Troubleshooting guide

OPERATION
AND
MAINTENANCE
INSTRUCTIONS
Manual Part Number AP150/200
Model Numbers
GP100M, GP150A,
GP150M, GP200M,
WP200
Standard Range
Sound Attenuated and
Non Canopied Pumpsets
REV 2-2012

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
1 Contents
1.1 List of Illustrations .....................................................4
1.2 List of Parts ...........................................................4
1.3 List of Tables ..........................................................5
2 Forward ..................................................................6
3 Servicing and Repair
3.1 Contacting your local Sykes AmeriPumps distributor ..........................7
3.2 Ordering Spare Parts ....................................................7
4 Safety Precautions
4.1 Warnings and Cautions ..................................................8
4.2 Training ..............................................................8
4.3 Personal Safety ........................................................9
5 Description of Equipment
5.1 General Description....................................................10
5.2 Technical Description ..................................................10
5.2.1 Overview ............................................................10
5.2.2 Main Pump ..........................................................12
5.2.3 Vacuum Pumps .......................................................13
5.2.4 Engines, drive, and fuel system...........................................14
5.2.5 Weights .............................................................15
5.2.6 Chassis/Frame ........................................................15
 5.3 ProductIdentication ..................................................16
6 Handling and Operation
6.1 Lifting and Transportation...............................................17
6.2 Care and Storage ......................................................17
6.3 Trailer Routine Checks .................................................17
6.4 Set up and preparation for pumping .......................................17
6.5 Controls and connection points...........................................18
6.5.1 Main Control Panel ....................................................18
6.5.2 Auto Start/Stop Panel (not on all units) ....................................18
6.6 Operating Instructions..................................................19
6.6.1 General Precautions....................................................19
6.6.2 Starting Up ..........................................................20
6.6.3 Shutting Down. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.7 Testing ..............................................................21
6.7.1 Pump Performance Fault Diagnosis Chart ..................................22
6.7.2 Priming System Fault Diagnosis Chart .....................................23
2
1
Contents
7 Maintenance
7.1 Tools Required .......................................................24
7.2 Maintenance Schedules .................................................24
7.3 General Instructions and Precautions ......................................25
7.4 Engine, Drive and Fuel System...........................................26
7.4.1 General .............................................................26
7.4.2 Cleaning the Fuel Tank .................................................26
7.5 Vacuum Pump Drive Belt ...............................................26
7.5.1 Adjusting Belt Tension .................................................27
7.5.2 Replacing the Vacuum Belt..............................................28
7.6 Coalescer Oil Feed and Filters ...........................................28
7.7 Coalescer ............................................................28
7.8 Priming Tank Air Filter, Surge Control Valve and Air Valve ....................30
7.9 Vacuum Pump ........................................................32
7.9.1 Removing the Vacuum Pump ............................................32
7.9.2 Dismantling the Vacuum Pump...........................................32
7.9.3 Reassembling the Vacuum Pump .........................................35
 7.9.4 RettingtheVacuumPump..............................................36
7.10 Non-Return Valve .....................................................37
7.11 Greasing the Main Pump Bearings ........................................38
7.12 Main Pump Impeller and Wear Plates......................................38
7.13 Main Pump Pressure Seal ...............................................39
 7.13.1 RemovingandRettingPumpPressureSeal ................................39
7.13.2 Renewing the Pump Pressure Seal Packing .................................39
7.14. Flywheel Coupling ....................................................40
7.15 Main Pump Shaft and Bearings...........................................40
7.15.1 Dismantling the Shaft and Bearings .......................................41
 7.15.2 Renewing/re-ttingtheBearings .........................................41
7.15.3 Fitting the Bearing Frame ...............................................42
7.15.4 Fitting the Impeller and Setting Wear Plate Clearances ........................42
8 Spare Parts
8.1 Introduction ..........................................................43
8.2 Ordering Parts ........................................................43
9 Parts Book .............................................. 46
Trailer Assembly.............................................................47
GP150MCS.................................................................48
Bearing/Shaft Assembly GP100M & WP200 ......................................50
Bearing/Shaft Assembly GP150M & GP200M .....................................52
Pressure Seal Assembly .......................................................54
Impeller/Wear Plate Assembly GP100M ..........................................56
Impeller/Wear Plate Assembly GP150M, GP200M, & WP200 .........................58
Non Return Valve Assembly....................................................60
Vacuum Pump Drive Assembly .................................................62
3
1
Contents

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
9 Parts Book
25 cfm Vacuum Priming Pump..................................................64
60 cfm Vacuum Priming Pump..................................................65
25 cfm Priming Tank Assembly .................................................67
60 cfm Priming Tank Assembly .................................................69
Coalescer ..................................................................71
Sump/Tee Assembly ..........................................................72
60 cfm Sump/Tee Piece & Fitting Assembly .......................................73
Priming Tank ...............................................................75
Control Box ................................................................77
Recommended Spares GP100M.................................................79
Recommended Spares GP150M.................................................80
Recommended Spares GP200M.................................................81
1.1 List of Illustrations
 Figure1-Schematicofowaroundthepumpset ...................................11
Figure 2 - Main control panel...................................................18
Figure 3 - Pump performance fault diagnosis chart ..................................22
Figure 4 - Priming system fault diagnosis chart.....................................23
Figure 5 - Vacuum pump pulley arrangement ......................................26
Figure 6 - Belt alignment ......................................................27
 Figure7-Coalescerlterremoval ...............................................29
Figure 8 - Vacuum priming tank.................................................30
Figure 9 - Priming tank, air, and surge control valve .................................31
Figure 10 - Taper Lock®screw positions ..........................................33
Figure 11 - Vacuum pump rotor .................................................34
Figure 12 - Non-return valve ...................................................37
Figure 13 - Flywheel coupling ..................................................40
1.2 List of Parts
Figure 20 - Over the Road Trailer Assembly .......................................47
Figure 21 - Bearing/Shaft Assembly - WP150 & GP100M ............................51
Figure 22 - Bearing/Shaft Assembly - GP150M, GP200, WP200 .......................53
Figure 23 - Pressure Seal Assembly ..............................................55
Figure 24 - Impeller/Wear Plate Assembly - WP150 & GP100M .......................57
Figure 25 - Impeller/Wear Plate Assembly - GP150M , WP200, GP200..................59
Figure 26 - Non Return Valve Assembly ..........................................61
Figure 27 - Vacuum Pump - Drives and Fittings ....................................63
Figure 29 - Intentionally Blank
Figure 31 - Intentionally Blank
4
1
Contents
1.1 List of Parts
Figure 32 - 25 cfm priming tank.................................................67
Figure 33 - 60 cfm priming tank.................................................69
Figure 34 - Coalescer spare parts ................................................71
Figure 40 - Priming Tank ......................................................75
Figure 41 - Control Panel ......................................................77
Figure 42 - Automatic Float Assembly and Installation Instructions .....................78
1.2 List of Tables
Table 1 - Main pump technical data ..............................................12
Table 2 - Vacuum system technical data...........................................13
Table 3 - Engine and fuel system technical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 4 - Approximate component and combined weights ............................15
Table 5 - Chassis/frame technical data ............................................16
Table 6 - Vacuum pump clearance and dimensions ..................................35
Table 7 - Impeller clearances ...................................................42
Table 8 - Electrical Schematic ..................................................82
5
1
Contents
Figure 30 - 60 cfm Vacuum Priming Pump .........................................65
Figure 28 - 25 cfm Vacuum Priming System .......................................64
Figure 38 - 10/25 cfm Sump/Tee piece & Fittings Assembly .. . ........................72
Figure 39 - 60 cfm Sump/Tee piece & Fittings Assembly .... . .........................73

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
This manual covers the Sykes AmeriPumps STANDARD RANGE TRAILER-MOUNTED PUMPSETS.
It is written for operators and maintenance personnel and provides the information needed for safe and
efcientsetup,use,testing,routinemaintenanceandrepairs.
Manuals provided are an essential part of the relevant equipment. They should be kept for the life
of the equipment and passed on to any subsequent purchaser. Any amendment issued by Sykes
AmeriPumps should be promptly incorporated into this manual.
Information contained in this manual is correct at the date of publication. As improvements are
continually being made, Sykes AmeriPumps reserves the right to make alterations without giving
prior notice.
© 1998 Andrews Sykes Hire Limited. The contents of this manual are copyright and must not be
reproduced without prior permission of Andrews Sykes Hire Limited or Sykes AmeriPumps.
Product names referenced in this manual are registered trade marks of the original equipment
manufacturers.
6
2
Forward
HEALTH & SAFETY STATEMENT
DO TAKE TIME TO ENSURE THAT YOUR SAFETY AND THAT OF OTHERS IS NOT PUT AT RISK. FAILURE
TO OBSERVE PRECAUTIONS, BOTH ELEMENTARY AND THOSE EXPLICIT IN THIS MANUAL, MAY RESULT
IN PERSONAL INJURY AND/OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT. THE SAFETY INFORMATION ON PAGE 8 IS
INTENDED TO MAKE YOU AWARE OF HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS AND TO ENCOURAGE A SAFETY-
CONSCIOUS APPROACH TO OPERATING AND CARRYING OUT MAINTENANCE WORK ON THIS EQUIPMENT.
CALIFORNIA
PROPOSITION 65 WARNING
DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST AND SOME OF ITS CONSTITUENTS ARE KNOW TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
TO CAUSE CANCER, BIRTH DEFECTS, AND OTHER REPRODUCTIVE HARM.
3.1 Contacting your local Sykes AmeriPumps Distributor
For any inquiry regarding the use, servicing or repair of your Sykes AmeriPumps pump, please contact
your local Sykes AmeriPumps distributor.
Please provide the following information:
(1) Machine model and chassis type
(2) Model-Serial number of the machine
(3) Approximate date of purchase
(4) Details of inquiry, apparent fault(s), etc.
Section 5.3, Product identication, page 16, describes how to identify models and where to locate the
Model-Serial number.
3.2 Ordering Spare Parts
Section 8, Spare parts, page 43, explains how to order spare parts.
7
3
Servicing and Repair Information
3.1, 3.2

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
4.1 Warnings and Cautions
Forthepurposeofdenitioninthismanual,aWARNINGgivesinformationwhich,ifignored,could
cause serious injury to personnel. A CAUTION gives information which if ignored could cause serious
damage to the machine or associated equipment.
8
4
Safety Precautions
4.1, 4.2
WARNING
WARNING NOTICES ARE BOXED AND HIGHLIGHTED IN THE STYLE OF THIS PARAGRAPH.
4.2 Training
It is strongly recommended that all operators, personnel working on or near the pump, and any site
visitors, are made fully aware of the potential dangers of this rotating equipment. If in ANY doubt
please contact Sykes AmeriPumps for advice.
CAUTION
Cautionary notices are boxed and highlighted in the style of this paragraph.
4.3 Personal Safety
9
4
Safety Precautions
4.3
Hazardous areas - All moving parts, including drive belts, are dangerous. All
such moving parts on non-canopied units are individually
guarded and the pumpset MUST have all guards in place
during operation.
Pump intake and discharge ports are also dangerous when
open. Do not insert hands or other objects into the ports
when the pump is operating. Do not run canopied units
with the canopy open. While working on the unit, follow
lock out procedures including disconnecting the battery
and disconnecting the drive coupling.
Lifting and transport - Read and follow the instructions on page 17. In particular,
always lift using the lifting points provided and ensure that
any lifting equipment is of adequate load-carrying capacity
and possesses a valid test certicate.
Operating the pump -
Note the general precautions starting on page 18 and ensure
that you are familiar with the controls before operating the
pump. Read and follow the instructions on safe setup and
operation on pages 19 to 21.
Fault nding and pump maintenance - Follow a regular maintenance schedule as dened on
pages 24 and 25.
WARNING
FOR YOUR OWN PERSONAL SAFETY READ AND TAKE NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING:

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
5.1 General Description
The GP is a range of general purpose, automatic self priming, free standing site pumps. The pumps
can be used in a range of environmental conditions, including tropical temperatures.
Eachpumpiscapableofpassingsolidsuptothespeciedmaximumdiameterforthesizeofmachine
see Table 1, page 12, provided the solids are in suspension; a typical example being ditch water
containing soil and rock particles. Slurries may also be pumped, if concentration of solid matter is not
too high. The pumps also handle abrasive materials, but at the expense of a higher wear rate. (For
adviceonthesuitabilityofyourpumpforspecicapplicationscontactyourlocalSykesAmeriPumps
distributor.)
GP pumps are normally powered by a diesel engine with electric start. Different power and starting
congurationsareavailable.
5.2 Technical Description
5.2.1 Overview
andperformancedata.Itdoesnotcoveranyspecialoptionsormodicationsmadetosuitcustomer
requirements.
10
5
Description of Equipment
5.1, 5.2, 5.2.1
FIGURE 1Schematicofowaroundthepumpset
11
5
Description of Equipment
VACUUM FLOW
VACUUM DRAWN LUBRICATING OIL
MAIN FLOW
FILTERED AIR
INTAKE FROM
ATMOSPHERE
MAIN PUMP
DRIVE
PRIMING TANK
NON RETURN
VALVE
MAIN DISCHARGE
SOURCE
PRIMING PUMP
DRIVE
EXHAUST TO
ATMOSPHERE
COALESCER
EXHAUST FLOW
DRAIN PLUG
SURGE
CONTROL
VALVE
AIR FILTER FILTER
ENGINE
Thissectionidentiesthemaincomponentsofthestandardpumpandprovidesgeneraltechnical

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
5.2.2 Main Pump
Figures 21 to Figure 25, page 50–58, shows the main pump in detail.
Table 1 Main pump technical data
12
5
Description of Equipment
5.2.2
Parameter GP100M/WP150 GP150M GP200M
Standard pump body Cast Iron Cast Iron Cast Iron
(volute) material
Intake/Discharge Port
100mm(4inch/6inch 150mm(6”anges) 200mm(8”anges)
 anges)
Volute Size 100mm 150mm 200mm
Solids Handling 44mm (1.75”) 75mm (3”) 75mm (3”)
(Max)
Maximum Lift
10m (33 ft) 10m (33 ft) 10m (33 ft)
(theoretical)
Pump Bearing Grease
Shell Alvania EP2 Shell Alvania EP2 Shell Alvania EP2
or equivalent or equivalent or equivalent
Nominal Speed 1800 rpm 1800 rpm 1800 rpm
Maximum Speed* 2200 rpm 2200 rpm 2200 rpm
Max discharge head 36m (120 ft) 50m (165 ft) 54m (175 ft)
Max Volume* 1400 usgpm 2250 usgpm 3250 usgpm
*
Operating at maximum speed will speed wear of the pump and related components. When operating
below the head pressure curve, over-speeding the pump may actually decrease performance. Contact
your local AmeriPumps Sykes distributor for more details.
5.2.3 Vacuum Pumps
Figures 28 to 30 and 62 - 64 show exploded views of the vacuum pumps.
Table 2 Vacuum system technical data
13
Component/Parameter 25 cfm 60 cfm
Vacuum Pump 25 cubic feet per minute 60 cubic feet per minute
Displacement
Vacuum Level 9m (30 feet) 9m (30 feet)
Lubricating Oil 30 SAE viscosity below 85º 30 SAE viscosity below 85º
10W30 SAE above 85º 10W30 SAE above 85º
Nominal Speed 1550 rpm 1100 rpm
5
Description of Equipment
5.2.3

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
5.2.4 Engine, drive, and fuel systems technical data
Table 3 Engine and fuel system technical data
14
Component/Parameter Comments GP100M/WP150 GP150M GP200M
Engine Drives main and Caterpillar C2.2 Caterpillar C4.4T
Caterpillar C4.4T
vacuum pumps or equivalent or equivalent or equivalent
Main Pump Coupling 3 degree Lovejoy Lovejoy Lovejoy
misalignment Torsional Torsional Torsional
tolerance Coupler Coupler Coupler
Vacuum pump Utile toothed Utile toothed Utile toothed
transmission drive belt & drive belt & drive belt &
pulleys pulleys pulleys
Battery 12V 153-5656 12V 153-5656 12V 153-5656
Ah Ah Ah
Fuel Tank Capacity May vary 60 Gallons 125 Gals.-Canopy 125 Gals.-Canopy
85 Gals.-Non-Canopy 85 Gals.-Non-Canopy
Approximate running May vary 30 hours 40 hours 28 hours
time on full tank
Nominal Speed In the proper 1800 rpm 1800 rpm 1800 rpm
applications,
greater speeds are
possible, consult
if needed
5
Description of Equipment
5.2.4
5.2.5 Weights
Table 4 provides approximate component weights for the pumpset and its major components. The
weights given are typical and may vary by ± 20% for individual machines. Therefore, all lifting and
towing equipment must have a safe working load of at least 120% of the relevant indicated weight.
Table 4 Approximate component and combined weights
15
5
Description of Equipment
5.2.5, 5.2.6
Component GP100M/WP150 GP150M GP200M
Engine 630 lbs 1150 lbs 1150 lbs
Main Pump 1000 lbs 1285 lbs 1335 lbs
Priming Tank 100 lbs 100 lbs 100 lbs
Total Empty Weight 3000 lbs 4000 lbs 4000 lbs
Total Weight w/fuel 3750 lbs 4750 lbs 4750 lbs
5.2.6 Chassis/Frame
Standard build is a removable towing tongue. This is held in place by three (3) bolts/nuts on each side.
WARNING
USE LOCTITE ® 242 (RED) OR EQUIVALENT WHEN ATTACHING AXLE OR ANY OTHER PARTS TO
THE BOTTOM OF THE FRAME.
WARNING
DO NOT TOW IF ANY OF THE SIX (6) BOLTS/NUTS CONNECTING TONGUE TO FRAME ARE
LOOSE OR MISSING.
WARNING
DO NOT LIFT IF ANY OF SIX (6) BOLTS/NUTS CONNECTING BAIL TO FRAME ARE LOOSE OR MISSING.
Standard build is a removable lifting bail. This is held in place by three (3) bolts/nuts on each side.
The axle is attached to the frame by two (2) set screws on each side.

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
5.2.6 Chassis/Frame
Standard tow hitch is a pintle style adjustable eye.
16
5
Description of Equipment
5.2.6, 5.3
Table 5 Chassis/frame
WARNING
OTHER TYPES OF HITCHES MAY NOT BE SUITABLE. CONTACT YOUR DISTRIBUTOR FOR
HITCHES OTHER THAN SUPPLIED VERSION.
Maximum Towing Speed 65 mph
Tires ST225/75D15
Tow-hitch Pintle style adjustable eye
Recommended lifting method Crane, using the single lifting point with
clevis and recommended cable
5.3 Product Identication
Unit serial numbers are stamped into the left side of the frame and also the front frame of the pump-
set. An individual serial number for the pump end is located on the bearing frame of the pump. Each
engine also has an individual serial number. Removal of any of these numbers may void warranty.
*Please retain all serial and model numbers for your records.
6.1 Lifting and transportation
All pumpset variants are equipped with the single point lifting eye by which they may be lifted using a
suitable cable or strap. Always use an approved clevis to attach lifting equipment.
17
6
Handling and Operation
6.1 - 6.4.4
The trailer may be towed behind a suitable vehicle. Check that the vehicle has a suitable towbar.
6.2 Care and storage
To maintain the body parts in good condition, it is strongly recommended that the trailer is steam or
spray cleaned regularly to remove road dirt, mud and grit. See Section 6.6.3, page 21, for shutting
down procedure. When not in use store the trailer under cover in a dry environment, where practicable.
6.3 Trailer routine checks
Routine checks are essential for personal safety and maintenance of equipment condition. (Consult
Table 5 for all chassis related technical data.)
6.4 Setup and preparation for pumping
If you wish to test pump operation before use, refer to Testing, Section 6.7, page 21.
6.4.1 Placethepumpsetonarm,levelareaofground,ascloseaspracticaltothesourceof
liquid.
6.4.2 Connectthehosestotheintakeanddischargeanges.
NOTE: USE all the bolt holes provided on the anges. DO NOT use a collapsible hose on the
suction side, and make sure the strainer is in place on the suction side.
6.4.3 Submerge the end of the suction hose.
6.4.4 Place the end of the discharge hose in a suitable outlet.
WARNING
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO LIFT PUMP WITH SUCTION AND DISCHARGE HOSES IN PLACE.
ALWAYS ENSURE THAT LIFTING GEAR IS ADEQUATE FOR THE WEIGHT BEING LIFTED (SEE
TABLE 4, PAGE 15).

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
6.5 Controls and connection points
6.5.1 Main control panel
18
6
Handling and Operation
6.5 - 6.5.2
CAUTION
DO NOT put any stress on hoses. Lay them so as to avoid forming sharp kinks and protect
them where they are in contact with abrasive surfaces.
6.5.2 Auto Stop/Start Panel (not on all units)
 Automaticstart/stopviatwooatswitches.Highlevel,enginestarts.Lowlevel,
 Panelispre-wiredfortwooats(optionalfeature).
 Thepanelispre-wiredforaspecicenginecongurationandwillshutdownthe
engine for failure due to no battery charge, low oil pressure, hi temperature, low
coalescer level, and low coolant level.
Auto stand-by is activated when key switch is turned to left position (optional feature).
To manually start the engine, turn the key to the right hand position.
A separate manual is included for detailed programming information.
Figure 2 Main Control Panel (lists optional features)
WARNING
DO NOT CONNECT ANYTHING INTO THREE (3) PRONG OUTLETS LOCATED BELOW THE CON-
TROL PANEL EXCEPT APPROVED FLOAT SWITCHES.
Autostart/Program Keys
Hour Meter
Oil Pressure
Overspeed/Charging Failure
Glow Plug
Tachometer
Voltage Meter
Engine Temperature
Key Start / Auto Start
Oil Pressure Shutdown
Overheat Shutdown
Vacuum Pump Low Oil/Shurtdown
6.6 Operating instructions
6.6.1 General precautions
19
6
Handling and Operation
6.6, 6.6.1
NOTE: In the event of an emergency, STOP the engine IMMEDIATELY using the engine key on
the main control panel.
WARNING
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO INSERT ANYTHING INTO THE PUMP INTAKE AND/OR DISCHARGE
PORTS WHILE THE ENGINE IS RUNNING. ENSURE THE PUMPSET IS STABLE AND SECURE BE-
FORE STARTING THE PUMP.
WARNING
NEVER PUMP FLAMABLE LIQUIDS OR LIQUIDS OF UNKNOWN HAZARDS.
WARNING
NEVER OVER FILL THE FUEL TANK, MAY CAUSE LEAKAGE.
WARNING
BEWARE OF FIRE RISKS. DO NOT PLACE ANY FLAMMABLE MATERIAL NEAR OR AROUND
THE ENGINE OR EXHAUST. ALLOW ADEQUATE VENTILATION. THE ENGINE, EXHAUST AND
COALESCER BECOME HOT DURING OPERATION. INSURE THAT ANY DISCHARGE INTO RIV-
ERS OR WATERWAYS, OR SOAKING INTO THE SOIL, IS ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE. THE
PUMP BODY RETAINS LIQUID WHICH COULD BE HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH. FLUSH THE PUMP
WITH CLEAN WATER BEFORE DISCONNECTING THE HOSES OR WORKING ON THE PUMP.
engine stops. See page 78 for illustration.

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
6.6.2.1 Drain any water in the coalescer through the drain tap provided.
6.6.2.2 Checkandlluptheoilincoalescerandengine,andradiatoruid.
NOTE: OIL SURFACE SHOULD BE UP TO THE BOTTOM THREAD WHEN LOOKING
INTO COALESCER FILLER CAP. DO NOT OVERFILL.
6.6.2.3 Ensure that all drain taps are closed.
6.6.2.4 Screw in fully the priming tank surge control valve to allow system to prime.
6.6.2.5 Submerge the suction hose in the source.
6.6.2.6 Turn the key to the right to start engine (unless auto-start is used). Do not engage
starter for more than 8 seconds. If engine does not start in that time, turn key to
off position, allow for all moving parts to come to rest, and attempt to start again.
The pump should prime automatically. In case of start-up failure, consult fault diagnosis chart.
6.6.2.7 When the pump is fully primed, re-adjust the surge control valve, as necessary,
toavoidsnoring(seegure9,page31).
20
6
Handling and Operation
6.6.2 - 6.6.2.7
CAUTION
USING THE PUMP WITHOUT A STRAINER CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DAMAGE TO THE PUMP.
DO NOT pump, either liquids that may damage the pump, or dry material. If in doubt contact
your local distributor for advice (see Section 3.1, page 7).
6.6.2 Starting up
Follow this procedure before each engine start-up. Refer to Section 6.5, page 18, for details of
controls.
CAUTION
CHECK OIL LEVELS. ADD FLUIDS AS NECESSARY. SEE MANUFACTURER’S MANUAL
FOR SPECIFICATIONS OF ENGINE OIL AND SEE TABLE TWO (2) FOR DETAILS OF
VACUUM PUMP OIL.
WARNING
MAKE SURE YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE ENGINE MANUFACTURER’S
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE.
21
6.6.3 Shutting Down
NOTE: TO STOP - TURN THE KEY TO THE OFF POSITION AND PUSH THE SURGE
CONTROL VALVE KNOB IN FULLY TO RELEASE THE VACUUM AND EMPTY THE
PRIMING TANK AND THE INTAKE HOSE.
Always drain the pump volute before removing it or if it will be left unused.
6.6.3.1 Flush the pump with clean water.
6.6.3.2 Drain water from the following, through the drain plugs provided;
6.6.3.2.1 the main pump
6.6.3.2.2 the priming tank
6.6.3.2.3 the non-return valve
6.6.3.2.4 the coalescer until oil appears in the water, then close
6.6.3.3
Followtheenginemanufacturer’sinstructionsrelatingtoenginebeingleftunused
f
or a period of time.
If the pump is to be moved to a different location, disconnect the hoses and follow the instructions
in section 6.1 on lifting and transportation.
6.7 Testing
To test correct operation of the pumpset before its rst service, or whenever required, follow the
procedure below.
6.7.0.1 Immobilizeandsecurethepumpsetatthetestsite.
6.7.0.2
Start the engine as described in section 6.6.2, page 20, but leave the surge control
valve fully screwed in throughout the full test.
6.7.0.3 Placea‘conetester’(oranalternativetestgauge)intheinletangeandcheck
thatthevacuumreadingissufcientfortheintendedliftplusthepipework
losses. If the vacuum reading is unsatisfactory or the pump fails to prime, consult
the fault diagnosis section.
6.7.0.4 Stop the engine.
6
Handling and Operation
6.6.3 - 6.7.0.4

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
6.7.1 Pump performance fault diagnosis
22
Figure 3 Pump Performance Fault Diagnosis Chart
6
Handling and Operation
6.7.1
23
6.7.2 Priming System Fault Diagnosis
Figure 4 Priming System Fault Diagnosis Chart
6
Handling and Operation
6.7.2
PUMP FAILS TO PRIME
Check main pump vacuum reading
Blank off main pump suction and
delivery. Check valve gear, gland
packing and joints for leaks.
Check vacuum pump inlet reading
Is reading good?
Is there a
leak?
Check non return
valve
Check vacuum pump
air filter.
Is it
clogged?
Adjust or rectify
(as appropriate).
Resume operation.
Is it
blocked or not
seating correctly?
Is it
more than 30 ft
(9.2m)?
Is reading good?
Drain water from coalescer
sump and top it up with oil,
if necessary.
Is vacuum pump oil
pick-up pipe leaking?
i) Is drive belt broken?
ii) Is lube oil failing to
reach vacuum pump?
Check vertical distance between
main pump inlet to the surface
of source.
i) Is strainer blocked?
ii) Has suction hose
collapsed?
iii) Are suction hose
seals missing?
Contact your local AmeriPump Sykes Distributor for advice.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No No
No
No
No
No

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps24
7.1 Tools required
Standard mechanics tool kit (metric and standard wrenches).
7.2 Maintenance schedule
The following schedule provides a guide for maintaining the pump. The actual hours of operation
between maintenance will depend on the operating conditions. For full details of engine maintenance,
refer to the manufacturer’s handbook.
7
Maintenance
7.1, 7.2
Continued on next page
Vacuum pump and priming system:
Check coalescer oil level and
top up if required
Check tension and condition
of vacuum pump drive belt
Change vacuum pump oil and
cleanoillter
Check priming tank valves
andcleanorrenewairlter
Renew vacuum pump drive belt
Check that the non-return valve ball
is sealing on seat
Dismantle and clean priming
tank, valves and pipes
Check performance of vacuum
pump and overhaul as necessary
Cleancoalesceroillter
7.3 General instructions and precautions
25
Maintenance description Refer to Running hours
Section Daily 250 500 1000 2000 6000
Main Pump:
Grease pump bearings
Check impeller and wear plates for
Renew pump pressure seal
gland packing
Check condition of main
pump bearings
Grease Trailer Bearings
Inspect Taper Locks & Pulleys
7
Maintenance
7.2 - 7.3.9
7.3.1 Disconnect the wiring loom from the control panel.
7.3.2 Disconnect and remove the battery.
7.3.3 Disconnect the fuel hoses from the engine.
7.3.4 Remove all guards.
7.3.5 Disconnect the engine from its mounts and the pump bearing frame.
7.3.6 Disconnect the drive coupling.
7.3.7 Lift engine by its lifting points (Lifting gear will be required).
7.3.8 Disconnect the pump from its mounts.
7.3.9 Using suitable lifting straps, remove pump end assembly.
WARNINGS
ALWAYS ENSURE THAT SLINGS, SHACKLES ETC. ARE ADEQUATE FOR THE WEIGHT BEING
LIFTED. (SEE, TABLE 4, PAGE 15.) CHOCK AND STABILIZE THE CHASSIS BEFORE COMMENC-
ING WORK.
CAUTIONS
Drain main pump volute and priming tank. ALWAYS remove major component to clean
workshop conditions for overhaul.
Maintenance description Refer to Running hours
Drain water from coalescer
Section Daily 250 500 1000 2000 6000
wear and renew or adjust as required
6.6.2.1
6.6.2.2
7.5.1
7.7.01,
7.7.06
7.8
7.5.2
7.9.5
7.8,
pg 67
7.9.2 -
7.9.4
7.7.07
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.15.2
NA
NA

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
7.4 Engine and fuel system
7.4.1 General
Consultoriginalmanufacturer’shandbookforenginemaintenanceinstructions.
7.4.2 Cleaning the fuel tank
7.4.2.1 Remove the drain plugs and drain the fuel tank.
7.4.2.2 Remove all traces of dirt, debris and fuel by steam cleaning.
7.4.2.3 Drain the tank of all water and ensure that its inside is dry.
7.4.2.4 Replace the drain plug.
7.5 Vacuum pump drive belt
The vacuum pump pulley arrangement is illustrated below in Figure 5.
26
7
Maintenance
7.4, 7.5
Figure 5 Vacuum pump pulley arrangement
SPAN
FORCE
DEFLECTION 10-13mm
7.5.1 Adjusting belt tension
7.5.1.1 Remove vacuum drive guard.
7.5.1.2 Loosen the vacuum pump mounting hold down nuts.
7.5.1.3 Reposition the vacuum pump to adjust the tension of the belt. (At the correct
tensionaforceof2.5kgisneededtodeectthebelt10-13mmatthemidpoint
between the pulleys.)
7.5.1.4 When the vacuum pump is in the correct position, tighten the vacuum pump
hold down nuts.
7.5.1.5 Using a straight edge, ensure that the priming pump and main pump pulleys are
aligned so that parallel misalignment is less than 4 mm per metre between pulley
centres,andangularmisalignmentdoesnotexceed1⁄4°.Correctthealignment
if necessary.
7.5.1.6 Replace the priming pump drive guard.
27
7
Maintenance
7.5.1 - 7.5.1.6
Figure 6 Belt alignment
< 4 mm/m
Parallel Misalignment
Angular Misalignment
< 1/4
(3/8” - 1/2”)

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
7.5.2 Replacing the vacuum belt
7.5.2.1 Remove vacuum drive guard.
7.5.2.2 Loosen the vacuum pump holding down nuts and slacken the belt.
7.5.2.3 Disassemblethedrivecoupling(referringtothemanufacturer’soperationand
maintenance instructions for the type of coupling used).
7.5.2.4 Removethetimingbeltfromitspulleys,tanewbeltandadjustthetensionas
described in Section 7.5.1 (ensuring correct teeth/pulley seating).
7.5.2.5 Reassemblethedrivecouplingaspermanufacturer’sinstructions.
7.5.2.6 Replace all guards.
7.6 Coalescer oil feed and lters
Cleaning of the oil and coalescent lters, see Figure 7, page 29, should be performed periodically as
shown in the maintenance schedule on page 24-25. The oil lter is located in the oil feed connection
to the vacuum priming pump. The coalescent lter is situated underneath the coalescer lid.
7.7 Coalescer
Check the coalescer oil daily. Oil should come up to the rst thread (closest to the ground) with the
neck of the ller cap. Drain any water present in the coalescer by using the drain cock provided. If
excessive water is found or the oil appears dirty, the oil and coalescer lters should be inspected.
Clean these lters if they prove to be contaminated.
28
7
Maintenance
7.5.2 - 7.7
7.7.01 Drain the oil from the coalescer by unscrewing the drain cock.
7.7.02 Remove the four lid securing screws.
7.7.03 Removethelidandthelterretainer.
7.7.04 Liftoutthecoalescentlter.
7.7.05 Detach the vacuum pump oil feed pipe and unscrew the oil supply connection
on the coalescer.
7.7.06 Removetheoillter.
7.7.07
Cleanthecoalescentandoillterswithsuitablesolventandfullydrybothlters.
7.7.08 Reassembly is a straightforward reversal of disassembly. Clean or renew the
coalescerlter.
29
Figure 7Coalescerlterremoval
7
Maintenance
7.7.01 - 7.7.08
Coalescent Filter
Oil Filter Drain Cock
Lid Securing Screws

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
7.8 Priming tank air lter, surge control valve and air valve.
30
Figure 8 Vacuum priming tank
7
Maintenance
7.8
Main Valve
Element Air Filter
Ball Valve
Priming Tank
Secondary Chamber
Valve Cover
Top Cover
Float
Primary Chamber
Secondary Chamber
Surge Control
Valve Assembly
Air Outlet
Figure 9, below, shows the air and surge control valve assemblies, indicating areas that should be
checked for wear and damage. To access the valves or for cleaning, remove the priming tank top
completewithvalvegear.Renewpartasnecessaryandgreasevalveseatstopreventseizure.
31
7
Maintenance
7.8
Figure 9 Priming tank air and surge control valve.
NOTE: By adjusting the ‘surge control valve’, when the pump is fully primed, the operator can
prevent continual air valve cycling -an effect referred to as ‘snoring’ (See Figure 8, previous
page, and Figure 9 above).
Regularly check
for wear areas
indicated.
Air Valve Surge Control Valve

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
7.9 Vacuum Pump
7.9.1 Removing the vacuum pump
See Figures 28-30 and pages 62-64.
32
7
Maintenance
7.9 - 7.9.2
7.9.1.1 Remove vacuum drive guard.
7.9.1.2 Disconnect hoses from the vacuum pump.
7.9.1.3 Using a suitable wrench, disconnect the oil feed pipe at the vacuum pump and
withdraw the oil feed pipe.
7.9.1.4 Loosen the vacuum pump hold down nuts.
7.9.1.5 Remove the timing belt.
7.9.1.6 Remove the vacuum pump and pulley.
7.9.2 Dismantling the vacuum pump
WARNING
LIFTING EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED TO REMOVE THE 60 FT3/MIN VACUUM PUMP,
WHERE FITTED. CHECK TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION, TABLE 4, PAGE 15, FOR WEIGHT OF UNIT.
CAUTION
Dismantling the pump should be done in clean workshop conditions. Have swabs avail-
able to soak up any oil remaining in the pump.
7.9.2.1 Remove the priming pump pulley, complete with Taper Lock®bushing as follows:
7.9.2.1.1 Slacken, by several turns, all screws in the Taper Lock
®
bushing. Remove
one or two, according to the number of jacking holes on Figure 10 below.
7.9.2.1.2 Oil the thread of each screw, the point of grub screws and under the head of
cap screws. Insert the screws into the jacking holes.
33
7
Maintenance
7.9.2.1 - 7.9.2.4
Figure 10 Taper Lock
®
screw positions
7.9.2.1.3 Tighten the screws alternately until the bushing is loosened in the hub and
the assembly is free on the shaft.
7.9.2.1.4 Withdraw the priming pump pulley, complete with Taper Lock
®
bushing.
7.9.2.2 Remove the dowel and key from the priming pump shaft keyway.
7.9.2.3 Remove the non-drive end cover and withdraw the rotor assembly.
7.9.2.4 Withdraw each blade in turn and examine for damage, tip wear, face wear or
distortion (refer to Figure 11, page 34 and Table 6, page 35 for limits).

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
7.9.2.5 Checkthebearingsforsignsofoverheating,aking,unduewear,unevenwear
or indentation.
7.9.2.6 Checktheoilseals,joints,dowelsand‘o’-rings,renewwherenecessary.
34
7
Maintenance
7.9.2.5 - 7.9.2.6
Figure 11 Vacuum pump rotor
Blade
Face Wear
Tip Wear
Roto
7.9.3 Reassembling the vacuum pump
Consult Figure 28-30 and pages 62-64. All components must be clean and lightly oiled.
7.9.3.1 Fittheouterracesinbothcovers.Ineachcase,ttheoutercirclipsothatthe
ends straddle the bearing lubrication hole where it enters the bore, so that there
isnoblockageorrestrictionontheoilow.Thenpressintheouterracetojust
touch the circlip. Fit the inner circlip.
7.9.3.2 Fittheshaftoilsealinthedriveendcover.Notethattheoilsealmustbetted
with the lip facing outwards.
7.9.3.3 Fit the O-rings in each cover groove and in both oil feed hole recesses.
7.9.3.4 Press the bearing inner races into position on the rotor shaft.
7.9.3.5 Fit the drive end cover to the stator , engaging the dowels and tightening the
cover screws to a torque of 30 Nm.
7.9.3.6
Carefully slide the rotor and bearing into the drive end cover, engaging the bearing
squarely and supporting the non-drive end of the rotor level.
7.9.3.7 Insert the blades into the rotor slots.
7.9.3.8
Fit the non-drive end cover, carefully engaging the bearings and then the dowels.
Take care not to damage the oil seal during assembly.
35
7
Maintenance
7.9.3 - 7.9.3.8
Parameter 25 cfm 60 cfm
Max (mm) Min (mm) Max (mm) Min (mm)
Rotor end clearance 0.180 0.080 0.250 0.100
Blade end clearance 0.173 0.066 0.205 0.075
Top clearance 0.075 0.051 0.102 0.075
Blade length 89.925 89.870 109.925 109.870
Minimum blade width
27.0 48
Max difference in .5 .5
blade thickness
Table 6 Vacuum Pump Clearances and Dimensions

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
7.9.3.9 Tighten the cover screws to 30 Nm. Fit the non-drive end bearing cover plate
and joint.
7.9.3.10 Inspect the check valve disc, spring and seating for corrosion, damage or
excessive wear.
7.9.3.11 Check that the assembled unit rotates freely.
7.9.3.12 RetthepulleyandtheTaperLockbushingtoexcludedirt.
7.9.3.12.1
FitthekeyandlltheemptyholesontheTaperLockbushingtoexcludedirt.
7.9.3.12.2 Where applicable, remove the protective coating from the bore and the
outside of the Taper Lock bushing and bore of the pulley.
7.9.3.12.3 Ensure that mating surfaces are completely clean and free from oil and dirt.
7.9.3.12.4 Insert the bushing into the pulley, ensuring that the holes are aligned.
7.9.3.12.5 Oil the thread and point (grub screws) or thread and under the head (cap
screws) of each of the removed screws. Insert them loosely into the holes
threaded in the hub.
7.9.3.12.6
Cleantheshaftandtthepulleyandbushingtotheshaftasoneunit.Locate
thisassemblyinpositiontovecorrectdriveandkeywayalignment.
NOTE: WHEN TIGHTENING THE SCREWS, THE TAPER LOCK BUSHING WILL NIP
THE SHAFT THE PULLEY WILL BE DRAWN SLIGHTLY ONTO THE
BUSHING.
7.9.3.12.7 Tighten all screws gradually and alternatively until all are pulled up very
tightly.
7.9.3.12.8 Hammer against the large end of the bushing, using a block or sleeve as a
drive to prevent damage. The screws should now turn a little more.
7.9.3.12.9 Repeat the above two steps until no further adjustment is achieved.
7.9.4 Retting the vacuum pump
7.9.4.1 Put the vacuum pump in place on the mounting bracket.
7.9.4.2 Retthebeltoverthevacuumpumppulleyandadjustthepositionofthe
vacuum pump to gain the correct tension on the belt (see Section 7.5.1, page 27)
7.9.4.3 Fit and tighten the vacuum pump holding nuts.
36
7
Maintenance
7.9.3.9 - 7.9.4.3
7.9.4.4 Adjust the belt tension and tighten the vacuum pump mounting locking screws
as explained in Section 7.5.1, page 27.
7.9.4.5
Retthevacuumandexhausthosestothevacuumpump,ensuringeachisretted
inthesamepositionfromwhichitwasremoved.Checkthatthettingsaretight.
7.9.4.6 Checkthattheoilfeedpipeisclean.Retthepipeandcheckthatthettingis
tight.
7.9.4.7 The Taper Lock bushing screws should be check for tightness after the machine
has been run under load for a short time.
7.9.5 Non-return valve
37
7
Maintenance
7.9.4.4 - 7.10.0.2.3
Figure 12 Non-return valve
7.10.0.1 Regularly check the non-return valve, Figure 12 above, for blockage and wear.
7.10.0.2 For a thorough inspection;
7.10.0.2.1 Disconnect the non-return valve from the adaptor bend and remove it.
7.10.0.2.2 Detach the valve seat, remove the ball and inspect both for wear and damage.
7.10.0.2.3 Re-torrenewasappropriate.
Access for minor
inspections.

Sykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated PumpsSykes AmeriPumps •Operations and Maintenance Instructions •Standard Range Sound Attenuated Pumps
7.11 Greasing the main pump bearings
Grease the main pump bearings through the two nipples, shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22
7.12 Main pump impeller and wear plates
To check the condition of the impeller and the wear plates without removing the main pump:
7.12.1 Drain the volute.
7.12.2 Disconnecttheintakehoseandttings.
7.12.3 Disconnect the volute from the priming tank.
7.12.5 Remove the impeller assembly by unscrewing in an anti-clockwise direction, looking
at the impeller end.
7.12.6 Extract the back wear plate by removing the nuts on the back cover plate and with-
drawing the wear plate through the front of the volute.
7.12.7
Extract the packing holder through the front of the volute. If the packing needs renewing,
follow the instructions in Section 7.13.2, page 39.
7.12.8 Check the packing holder for wear and renew the rubber O-ring, if necessary.
7.12.9 Check the wear plates and the impeller for wear and renew, if necessary.
7.12.10 Ifnecessary,renewthewearringandsleevettedtothehuboftheimpeller.Ensure
thattheringisttedsquarelyandsecurelytoavoiddamagingthepumppressureseal.
7.12.11 Rettheimpellerandsetthefrontandbackclearancesusingshimsasexplainedin
Section 7.15.4, page 42.
38
7
Maintenance
7.11 - 7.12.11
7.13 Main pump pressure seal
Renewal of the pump pressure seal packing can be undertaken during regular inspection of
the impeller and wear plates as explained in Section 7.12, page 38. If the pump pressure seal
needs to be inspected at other times it can be removed and retted through the back of the
volute as explained below.
7.13.1 Removing and retting pump pressure seal
7.13.1.1
Release the set screws holding the pump pressure seal assembly to the back plate
assembly and slide along the pump shaft. This will automatically withdraw
the
packing holder.
7.13.1.2 Replace the packing as described in Section 7.13.2 below.
7.13.1.3 Slidethepackingholderbackuptosleevefaceandretthesealassembly.
Tighten evenly.
7.13.2 Renewing the pump pressure seal packing
7.13.2.1 Cutstraightatbothendsofa270mm(105/8”)lengthof1⁄2”squaregraphite
impregnated (GFO) packing material.
7.13.2.2  Placethepackingintheholder,buttingthetwoendsdiagonallyrstandthen
pressing the rest of the packing into the holder. The total length of packing is
greater that the circumference of the holder and must be forced into place. The
packing will protrude slightly from the face of the holder on completion.
39
7
Maintenance
7.13 - 7.13.2.2
on pages 51 and 53, with the recommended grease (see Table 1, page 12).
7.12.4 Consult Figure 24 and Figure 25 on pages 57and 59. Remove the priming tank and
front cover and front wear plate sump tee assembly by removing peripheral nuts in
volute housing (suction side). The front wear plate can be separated from the front
cover by removing the three nuts located towards its own center.
The main pump pressure seal is shown in Figure 23, page 55.