Tetracam Agricultural Digital Camera User manual

Tetracam Inc
21601 Devonshire Street
Suite 310
Chatsworth,CA 91311 USA
Agricultural Digital Camera
User’s Guide

Tetracam Inc
21601 Devonshire Street
Suite 310
Chatsworth,CA 91311 USA
Notices
Documentation Copyright 2011 Tetracam Inc. All rights reserved.
Camera software Copyright 2000-2011 Tetracam Inc.
Printed in the United States of America.
Specifications subject to change.
This software and documentation are copyrighted materials. The making of
unauthorized copies is prohibited by law. No part of the software or
documentation may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system or translated into any human or computer language without
the prior written permission of Tetracam, Inc.
Unless otherwise provided by written agreement with Tetracam Inc., this
publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, expressed or
implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose. Some states do not allow disclaimer of
expressed or implied warranties in certain transactions, so this statement
may not apply to you.
While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this
document, in no event will Tetracam be liable for direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect in this
publication or the associated software. Tetracam Inc. reserves the right to
change this document at any time without obligation to notify anyone.
Trademarks
Windows™ is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Photoshop™ is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems.
InstallShield™ is a registered trademark of InstallShield Software Corp.
IBM™ is a registered trademark of IBM Corporation
Other brand or product names are trademarks of their respective holders.
Version 2.3 - Last Modified May, 2011

Agricultural Camera User's Guide
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Agricultural Camera User's Guide
Table of Contents
N OTICES ....................................................................................................... 1
T RADEMARKS ................................................................................................ 1
A BOUT T HIS G UIDE ........................................................................................ 4
Q UICK S TART I NSTRUCTIONS .......................................................................... 5
U NPACKING T HE B OX ..................................................................................... 6
G ETTING S TARTED ........................................................................................ 7
System Requirements ............................................................................ 7
Software Installation ............................................................................... 7
Hardware Installation .............................................................................. 8
Camera Interconnections........................................................................ 9
ADC Optics and Filters ........................................................................... 9
Spectral Response ............................................................................... 10
The Calibration Image .......................................................................... 11
Compact Flash Cards ........................................................................... 11
C AMERA O PERATIONS .................................................................................. 12
Power Up.............................................................................................. 12
Button Functions................................................................................... 12
Initializing Internal Memory ................................................................... 13
Toggling USB Mode.............................................................................. 13
Taking Pictures..................................................................................... 13
Controlling the Viewfinder..................................................................... 14
T HE C AMERA V IEWFINDER ............................................................................ 14
T HE C AMERA M ENU S YSTEM ........................................................................ 16
A LARM M ODE .............................................................................................. 19
C ONTINUOUS C APTURE M ODE ...................................................................... 20
C HOOSING A N I MAGE F ORMAT ...................................................................... 21
GPS O PTION I NSTALLATION AND U SE ............................................................ 22
E VENT L OG F ILE .......................................................................................... 23
H OST S OFTWARE ........................................................................................ 25
PixelWrench2 ....................................................................................... 25
SensorLink............................................................................................ 25
Connecting the Camera for Driver Installation ...................................... 26
USB Disk Configuration: ....................................................................... 26
Managing and Processing ADC Images in PixelWrench2 .................... 27
Configuring the Camera with Pixelwrench2 .......................................... 28
T HE 16-P IN M ULTI I/O C ONNECTOR .............................................................. 29
M OUNTING T HE U NIT ................................................................................... 29
C APTURE D ELAYS FOR A ERIAL P HOTOGRAPHY ............................................... 30
P ROGRAMMERS R EFERENCE – F ILE F ORMATS ............................................... 31
P ROGRAMMER ’ S R EFERENCE – C AND V ISUAL B ASIC S UPPORT ....................... 32
T ETRACAM RS232 S ERIAL C ONTROL C OMMANDS .......................................... 36
S PECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................... 37
FCC E MISSIONS S TANDARDS I NFORMATION ................................................... 38
S UPPORT I NFO ............................................................................................ 38
I NDEX ......................................................................................................... 39

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About This Guide
The Agricultural Digital Camera User’s Guide contains general information
about the ADC product, covering installation, operation, options and
accessories, warranties, and technical support. The information is specific to
firmware version 5.141 and later – users with earlier firmware should upgrade
so that their units conform to the information herein.
The ADC is a single sensor digital camera designed and optimized for
capture of visible light wavelengths longer than 520 nm and near-infrared
wavelengths up to 920 nm. The primary designed use of this product is for
the recording of vegetation canopy reflectance. The resulting images are
suitable for derivation of several vegetation indices.
The purpose of this document is:
1. To guide the user through the installation of the product and its
supporting software on its target host computer system.
2. To describe the basic camera operating procedures.
3. To describe the interaction between the camera’s interface software and
the image editing and archiving software it may be used with.
This document assumes that the user is familiar with the operation of an IBM-
compatible personal computer running the Windows XP, Windows Vista, or
Windows 7 operating system. The user should be familiar with the use of
near infrared images to evaluate the condition of plant life.
An electronic (.PDF) version of this manual is supplied on the installation CD
and is available at www.tetracam.com.

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Agricultural Camera User's Guide
Quick Start Instructions
Install the 8 AA alkaline batteries and activate the unit by pressing the
ON/OFF button on the top edge of the housing (leftmost of the 4 small
buttons). After approximately five seconds, the LCD display should activate.
Take pictures by pushing the largest button on top of the camera housing.
STREAMING DRIVERS MUST BE INSTALLED BEFORE CONNECTING
THE CAMERA TO A USB PORT! Insert the CD and answer the installation
questions. Have your Windows installation CD available in case your system
does not have USB stream support installed. You will be asked for the
Windows setup CD if this is the case. If you operate the camera as a USB
Disk, no driver software needs to be installed.
Install PixelWrench2 before connecting the camera to the computer. This
program is needed to manage connections to the camera and extract useful
data from the NIR images the camera captures.
To review your pictures in the camera, press the MENU/SELECT button to
the right of the ON/OFF button. A menu should appear. Select items in the
menu using the two UP and DOWN buttons to the right of the menu button.
These buttons allow you to scroll through the selections. Pressing the
MENU/SELECT button activates a selection. The "Review" selection gives
you access to images in the camera for display on the LCD.
To view your pictures on a computer, you may remove the CF card and install
it in a CF card reader, or plug the camera into the USB interface on your
computer.
From PixelWrench2, you may open previews of the images on the CF card or
in the camera and extract them for viewing and analysis. Consult the online
manual for PixelWrench2 and the camera for more detailed instructions.
If the camera is operated as a USB Disk, you can find the pictures with the
File Explorer, and Open or Move them with Windows Mouse operations.
When you are done with the camera, turn it off by pressing the ON/OFF
button.

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Unpacking The Box
This is what you should find in the box.
•A Hardened Plastic Camera Case
•An ADC Agricultural Digital Still Camera
•A C-Mount Objective Lens
•A CDROM with Installation Software and Documentation
•Product and Accessory Documentation
•A USB Interconnection Cable
•A Set of Eight AA Batteries
•A Compact Flash Memory Card
•An AC Power Adapter
•A White Teflon Calibration Plate
Your camera comes with a one-year warranty against defects. The warrantee
is a .pdf file on the supplied CDROM. You should print, fill out, and send in
the warranty card to register the camera and qualify for additional software
and firmware updates.
Figure 1 - Contents of the Shipping Box
Installation
Software CD
Documentation
AC Power Adapter
USB Cable
CF Memory Card
C-Mount Lens
ADC Digital Still
Camera
Teflon Calibration
Plate
Kit of 8 AA
batteries

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Agricultural Camera User's Guide
Getting Started
System Requirements
Any IBM-compatible personal computer with a free USB serial port can be
used to operate and configure the Camera. The unit produces RGB color
images that are each approximately 9 million bytes in size when the images
are rendered on a computer screen. You should select a computer with
resources that can support manipulation of images that are this large. Our
recommendations for a minimum configuration are:
•1 GHz or better processor, Intel or AMD
•Windows 7, Vista or XP operating system
•512 megabytes of SDRAM
•24 bit color graphics adapter at 1024 x 768 or better resolution
•1024 x 768 or higher display
•Large hard disk drive with 10 GB or more free space
The camera can be made to operate on less capable systems, with penalties
in speed and convenience.
Software Installation
The software installation CD contains the svstream hardware drivers to allow
Windows to recognize the camera, PixelWrench2 (PW2) installer, and
Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 pre-requisite for PW2. The CD also contains
a readme.txt file that documents the software installation procedures.
Install the Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 by executing the file on the CD
named dotnetfx35.exe. Once complete, navigate to the PW2 folder and run
the PixelWrench2 installation by executing the setup.exe file. You may be
prompted to restart your computer after the installation is complete.
The first time the camera is connected to the computer’s USB port, Windows
will install a set of drivers in order to communicate with the camera. The
drivers can be selected manually by directing windows to the svstream.inf file
on the CD. The CD also contains an image file called Driver_Installation.png
that shows the driver installation steps.

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Hardware Installation
The ADC runs on 8 AA batteries or 12VDC external power connected to the
power connector on the camera's right side. To install batteries, open the
battery door on the side of the camera. Insert fresh AA batteries, ensure the
direction and polarity agree with the symbols on the product label. The
camera will operate on Alkaline, NiCad or NiMH
batteries. Close the battery door to complete the
battery installation.
The camera will operate on external power with or
without batteries installed. Connect a 12 VDC (+/-
2.5 volts, center positive) supply to the connector
provided. The camera is intended to be compatible
with 12V vehicle power, A vehicle accessory
adapter can be used to power the unit if desired.
The ADC cameras come in three housing options.
The standard ADC is packaged in an aluminum
case, has buttons for user input, and has a built in
LCD display to show pictures and menus to an
operator. The ADC Air has a weatherproof case
without buttons and relies on a connected PAL or NTSC video monitor or TV
to view pictures and menus. The ADC Lite has a lightweight plastic case,
making it suitable for use in small UAVs and also relies on PAL or NTSC TV
displays for menu operation and managing pictures. The ADC Air and ADC
Lite do not turn on and off with a power button, but are only turned on or off
by turning on or off the external power supplied to the camera.
All the models share the same electronics. Illustrations that follow use views
from all three versions.
ADC ADC Air
ADC Lite

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Agricultural Camera User's Guide
Camera Interconnections
Video Out – configurable by menu for NTSC or PAL
USB – The main USB I/O connector.
RS-232 (GPS IN) – A mini-stereo (3 pin) connector allocated for connection
of a GPS unit. A 3.5mm stereo phone plug tip, ring and sleeve is camera
receive, camera transmit, and ground, respectively. The camera serial port is
configured 4800 – 8 – N –1, the NMEA 0183 standard configuration. The
camera firmware is
designed to listen for the
NMEA RMC sentence. If
the sentence is found, it
is written to the image
status string (header) for
extraction by application
software. The serial port
can also be used to
control the camera from
an external serial
interface, using simple
text commands
described in the
Programmers Reference
section.
Trigger – Plug the optional external trigger unit into this connector.
Power – The camera requires a 12VDC, center positive polarity supply
capable of delivering 0.5 Amps continuous. The supplied wall plug type
supply connects to this jack.
Multi I/O – This 16 pin connector is allocated for use with certain Tetracam
accessories. Call us to discuss your requirements if you need features such
as a remote display, control buttons for triggering, menu operations, power
switching, or other remote control functions.
ADC Optics and Filters
The camera is typically supplied with one of two lenses:
8.5mm C-mount fixed focal length lens (standard)
4.5 to 12mm CS mount vari-focal lens (optional)

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The vari-focus lens is adjustable from 4.5 mm (wide angle) to 12mm (slight
telephoto) focal lengths. After making a focal length adjustment, the focus
must be checked and adjusted. The lens aperture is also adjustable.
The standard camera is supplied with an 8.5mm fixed focal length C-mount
lens with a C to CS mount adapter ring. An infinity focus mark is placed on
the fixed focal length lenses for reference. Set the lens to this mark when
shooting at distance -- aerial images, for example. ADC cameras are
designed for use with either CS-mount or C-mount type lenses. C-mount
lenses require a C to CS mount adapter ring (5 mm extension) to function
properly. Any lens fitted to an ADC camera should be designed for use with
½” or larger optical format sensors.
Permanently mounted behind the lens is a yellow long-pass filter. Touching
this filter should be avoided. Clean using a soft clean cloth or lens tissue.
Spectral Response
The CMOS sensor in the camera is screened with a Bayer RGB filter array in
a “checkerboard” pattern. The graph below shows the response of the sensor
to different bands of light through the red, green and blue filters. A blue
absorbing glass filter is used to eliminate the blue sensitivity, and the blue
pixelsinthesensorareusedtomeasureNIR(Blue Curve).Theimageis
then processed in Pixelwrench2 to subtract the measured NIR from the blue
andredbandstoproducethefinalRed/Green/NIRimage.
Blue
Blocking
Filter
(Yellow
Glass)
Near
Infrared
Light
Visible Red
and Green
Light
ADC Bayer Filter Response Curve

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Agricultural Camera User's Guide
Calibration Target Image
The Calibration Image
An important part of the entire camera and software system is the need to
calibrate the software supplied with the camera. Calibration consists of taking
an image of the Teflon calibration tag under the same lighting conditions as
the images under study. This image is used to teach the application software
what the spectral balance of that day's sunlight is. The ratio of red/NIR or
green/NIR is then applied as an offset to the calculation of the various
vegetation indices.
If a calibration image is not taken within an hour or two of pictures in the field,
the vegetation index calculations will be less accurate, and the pictures may
not be as useful.
Place the calibration target on the
ground or hold it level to the ground
and photograph it. It should nearly fill
the entire frame and it must not be
overexposed. Make sure to avoid a
direct reflection of the sun. The
sample image on the right is of a
properly exposed calibration target.
Later, when the pictures are
imported to the host computer, the
calibration picture on the CF card
will be used to refine the vegetation
index calculations using the supplied
software applications.
Compact Flash Cards
The unit can handle Compact Flash (CF) cards up to 2 GB. Since stored
images are about 3 MB each, a 512 MB card is the minimum recommended.
A CF card is supplied with the unit.
Note: The ADC cannot take pictures without a compact flash card installed.
We recommend that the unit's power be turned off when the compact flash
card is replaced. CF cards manufactured by SanDisk have proven most
reliable in our testing of the unit.
The camera is usually operated away from the host computer. If a compact
flash memory reader is present on the host computer, the software can
extract images directly from the card, without having to connect the camera.
This allows the camera to be left in the field, or attached to a vehicle. The CF
card is exchanged to bring the pictures to a host computer.

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Large CF Card Issues
When CF cards with capacities in excess of 2 Gigabytes are used they must
be formatted as FAT32 cards on the PC. The camera is not capable of
initializing CF cards to FAT32 format. Format the card using 32kb cluster
(allocation unit) size for faster camera boot times. Care must be taken to label
the volume TTCDISK0 during formatting on the PC. The volume information
is used by PixelWrench2 to identify the device as a Tetracam camera when it
appears as a USB Disk.
Camera Operations
Power Up
The camera’s Power ON/OFF button is the leftmost button along the top edge
of the camera. It is marked with the circle and bar symbol as shown in the
next illustration. Press and release the button to power the camera on or off.
A few seconds after power up, the LCD will illuminate and begin displaying
the live viewfinder image. Connect an optional video monitor to an ADC Air or
ADC Lite to see the viewfinder.
Button Functions
The Menu / Select button will invoke the camera’s menu as well as select
menu options. The Up / Down buttons are used to scroll through menu
options and file lists. When in a menu prompt, press the Take Pic / Exit button
to immediately exit the menu and go back to the viewfinder screen, ready to
take pictures. From the viewfinder screen, press Up or Down to adjust the
exposure time and press Take Pic to capture an image.
Power On/Off Menu / Select
Up / Down
Take Pic / Exit

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Initializing Internal Memory
In the event that the camera’s internal memory develops faults, it must be
reinitialized for the unit to power up correctly. Holding the shutter button and
down arrow button while the power button is pushed will force the camera to
initialize its internal memory.
Toggling USB Mode
When the camera is connected to a Windows computer via the USB port, it
will be seen by Windows as either a USB Mass Storage Device ( USBMODE
= DISK ) or a SoundVision Camera ( USB MODE = CAMERA ). The USB
MODE setting can be changed in the camera’s menu system, however there
is also a way to switch modes during power up. While powering the camera
on, press and hold the Menu / Select button until the camera is fully booted to
toggle the USB mode. USB mode can also be set using the host software.
NOTE: When the camera is connected to Windows as a USB DISK, it should
not capture pictures – it should function as an attached disk drive.
Taking Pictures
Taking a picture requires only aiming, adjusting focus if needed, and pressing
the trigger button. As you view the live image on the display you will notice a
general change in brightness, this is the camera auto adjusting the exposure
time. Allow a second or two for this process to complete before triggering.
Depending on the lens
fitted to the camera, you
may have adjustable
focus, zoom and aperture.
In general for daylight
photography of vegetation,
it is preferable to close the
lens opening somewhat,
called "stopping down".
This generally increases
image sharpness and
contrast. It also increases
depth of field.
Aperture
Adjustment
Ring
Focus
Adjustment
Ring

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Controlling the Viewfinder
In daylight conditions, a properly set aperture will produce a fairly dim
viewfinder image on the display so that NIR data is not over-exposed. For
certain pictures it may be useful to adjust the exposure using the UP and
DOWN arrow keys while the viewfinder is running. UP makes the target
image brighter, DOWN makes it darker. When in auto-expose mode, pressing
the UP or DOWN buttons will increase or decrease the exposure by 1/6 f-stop
for each press. When in fixed expose mode, pressing the UP or DOWN
buttons will increase or decrease the exposure time by ½ millisecond for each
press.
Once the viewfinder image is satisfactory, capture can be initiated with the
Take Pic button or via the external trigger box. The Status LED will turn from
green to red, indicating that the camera is busy capturing and saving the
image. After a capture, the camera completes the compression and storage
of the image and the status LED returns to green indicating the camera is
ready. At this time the image will be displayed momentarily (controlled by
QUICKVIEW). If the image format is set to RAW, the cycle is completed
much more quickly.
The Camera Viewfinder
Once the camera is powered on, after a few moments it finishes its initial
bootup sequence and enters the viewfinder, where it is ready for image
captures. A live video image of what the camera “sees” will be shown on the
screen. This is the normal ready-state of the camera. From this state, the
user may adjust the exposure time up or down, using the UP or DOWN
buttons, enter the menu system using the MENU / SELECT button, or
capture images using the TAKE PIC button.
An overlay of information is shown on the viewfinder by default and can be
turned off in the camera’s menu. Below are shown the different points of
information, arranged as shown on the viewfinder screen, with descriptions
for each.

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USB Mode – USB DISK MODE will be displayed if the camera is set to
enumerate as a USB DISK when connected to a Windows computer via USB.
Save Mode – Displays DCM, R8, or R10 for the type of image the camera is
set to save. DCM is a compressed 10-bit format, while R8 and R10 are 8-bit
and 10-bit RAW file formats, respectively.
Cont. Capture – This parameter is displayed in green when Continuous
Capture is enabled, and in red when capturing, and shows the amount of
Continuous Capture delay set.
Alarm – This parameter is displayed in green when the Alarm is set to power
up the camera at some time, and will show in red when the camera has been
powered on by the Alarm.
Exposure Mode – If a FIXED EXPOSURE is set, this parameter will display
the word “FIXED” in red along with the set exposure time, in milliseconds.
With Fixed Exposure turned OFF, this parameter will display “AUTO A” or
“AUTO P”. The “A” or “P” designation indicates the METHOD of Auto
Exposure, Average or Peak. A positive or negative number may follow this
parameter, indicating the Exposure Adjust setting, controlled by the UP or
DOWN buttons from the viewfinder.
Date / Time – Date and Time is displayed.
Picture Count – This parameter shows the number of images stored on the
CF card.
*note: SETTINGS DISPLAY in the menu controls the displaying of the above
listed parameters. GPS DISPLAY and GPS HEARTBEAT in the menu
controls the displaying of the parameters listed below.
GPS Position – With a GPS receiver connected and communicating with the
camera, position coordinates will be displayed. If the GPS receiver loses its
signal lock, “WAITING FOR GPS” will be displayed in RED until it recovers its
signal lock.
GPS Heartbeat – This is an indicator to confirm that a connected GPS
receiver is sending data to the camera. Every time the camera gets a new
packet of data, the “/” character in “GPS/” will toggle back and forth, between
the “\” and “/” characters, and the status LED will briefly flash from green to
red.

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The Camera Menu System
The camera can be configured from the host computer via the USB
connection or by use of the menu selections accessible with the controller
and video display.
Operation of the menu system uses the three rightmost buttons on the
controller: the SELECT, UP and DOWN buttons. To enter the menu system,
the SELECT button is pressed once. Sub menus appear, or menu items
which have values to the right of them.
To select a submenu, use the UP/DOWN buttons to move the cursor up or
down to the desired submenu entry. Press the SELECT key to display the
next menu page in the tree. If a submenu is not available, (REVIEW cannot
be accessed unless pictures have been taken) it will be gray in the display
instead of white. The selected entry is hi-lighted in green.
To change a menu item value, navigate to it by pressing the UP/DOWN
buttons, and select it by pressing SELECT. The menu item’s value will turn
green, indicating that it is selected. Use the UP/DOWN buttons to scroll
through the available values, and SELECT again to set the value.
Select the DONE menu item on any menu page to save any settings on that
page and exit back to the previous screen. To exit the menu without saving
any settings, avoid selecting “DONE” and exit using the TAKE PIC button.
NOTE: The menu system can be exited at any time (without saving) by
pressing the TAKE PIC button.
MAIN MENU
REVIEW – options for
viewing or deleting
stored images.
INFO – view battery
status, firmware version
and storage card space
used / free.
CAPTURE METHOD – set file save mode, toggle fixed or auto exposure,
toggle single or continuous capture settings, set alarm capture mode.
SETUP – set video and USB mode, menu language, date / time, quickview,
GPS and viewfinder, restore defaults, format memory card.
DONE – Every menu page ends in a DONE selection. Selecting DONE will
save any settings that exist on that page and return to the previous screen.

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Agricultural Camera User's Guide
REVIEW
THUMBNAIL – displays
four images at once on
the screen to quickly scroll
through images while
viewing them.
FULL SCREEN – show
full size images one at a
time
DIRECTORY – show a list of saved images
DELETE ALL – erase all images on memory card at once
All images are listed in order from most recent to oldest. Images can be
deleted one at a time if selected individually.
INFO
Shows the power supply
voltage, camera firmware
version number, used,
free, and total space on
the memory card.
CAPTURE METHOD
SAVE MODE – set the type of image file the camera saves. See “Choosing
An Image Format” section for more help.
FIXED EXP – select an
exposure time in
milliseconds or OFF for
auto-exposure mode.
AUTO EXP METHOD –
select PEAK if the subject
is the brightest part of the
image, or AVERAGE for
all others cases.
CONT CAPTURE – select to configure Continuous Capture mode.
ALARM – select to configure Alarm mode (not available on ADC Air or ADC
Lite).

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SETUP
VIDEO – sets the camera to output NTSC or PAL standard video feeds.
USB MODE – sets the USB MODE to CAMERA or DISK. The camera will
reboot if this setting is changed.
LOG EVENTS – turn this ON to capture events to a log file.
DATE / TIME – Select this to set the time and date for image stamps.
QUICKVIEW – sets the
color process of the
preview of a newly
captured image and the
amount of time the preview
is displayed on the
viewfinder screen.
MORE… – More setup
options.
MORE…
LANGUAGE – Set the
menu language.
GPS BAUD – Set the serial
connection data rate
between the camera and a
GPS receiver.
GPS HEARTBEAT – When
ON, an indicator is shown on the viewfinder screen and the status LED briefly
flashes from green to red, signaling each time the camera receives
information from the GPS receiver.
GPS DISPLAY – When ON, GPS coordinates are displayed on the viewfinder
screen.
SETTINGS DISPLAY –
Toggles the display of
settings information on the
viewfinder screen.
FORMAT CF CARD –
select this option to re-
format the CF card.
RESTORE DEFAULTS – select this option to return all settings to factory
defaults. This is recommended any time the camera’s firmware is upgraded.