Texas Instruments BA II Plus User manual


BA II PLUS™
Calculator
©1997, 2002 Texas Instruments Incorporated

ii
Important
Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either expressed or implied,
including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability
and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book
materials and makes such materials available solely on an “as-is” basis.
In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special,
collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or
arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and
exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of
action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this calculator. Moreover,
Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind
whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.
US FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for
a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference with
radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, you can try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for
help.
Caution: Any changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly
approved by Texas Instruments may void your authority to operate the
equipment.

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1: Overview of Calculator Operations 1
Turning the Calculator On and Off.............................. 2
Resetting the Calculator ....................................... 3
Keys and 2nd Functions ....................................... 4
The Display .................................................. 4
Display Indicators ............................................ 5
Setting Calculator Formats .................................... 6
Clearing the Calculator ........................................ 11
Correcting Entry Errors ....................................... 12
Math Operations .............................................. 13
More on Selected Math Operations ............................. 15
Memory Operations ........................................... 17
Calculations Using Constants .................................. 19
Last Answer Feature .......................................... 20
Using Worksheets: Tools for Financial Solutions ................ 21
Types of Worksheets .......................................... 22
Worksheet Variables .......................................... 22
Clearing Worksheets and Setting Defaults ...................... 26

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2: Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 27
TVM and Amortization Worksheet Labels.................... 28
Time-Line Diagrams ..................................... 32
Procedure: Using the TVM Worksheet ...................... 33
Procedure: Generating an Amortization Schedule ............. 34
Procedure: Automatically Generating a Schedule ............. 35
Basic Loan Calculations—Interest ......................... 36
Basic Loan Calculations—Payments........................ 37
Future Value of Savings .................................. 38
Present Value of Savings ................................. 39
Present Value in Present-Value Annuities .................... 40
Perpetual Annuities ..................................... 42
Variable Cash Flows..................................... 44
Lease-or-Buy Decision ................................... 46
Present Value of Lease with Residual Value .................. 48
Monthly Payments ...................................... 49
Yield to Maturity on Bond Purchased on Interest Date ......... 50
Saving for the Future by Making Monthly Deposits ............ 51
Amount to Borrow and Down Payment ..................... 52
Regular Deposits for a Specified Future Amount .............. 53
Time Value of Money/Amortization Schedule ................. 54
Interest and Loan Balance after Specified Payment ............ 56
Canadian Mortgages..................................... 57
3: Cash Flow Worksheet 59
Cash Flow Worksheet Labels ............................. 60
Interpreting the Results of IRR Calculations.................. 61
Uneven and Grouped Cash Flows .......................... 62
Entering Cash Flows .................................... 63
Deleting Cash Flows .................................... 64
Inserting Cash Flows .................................... 65
Computing NPV and IRR ................................. 66
Uneven Cash Flows ..................................... 67
Value of a Lease with Uneven Payments..................... 70

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4: Bond Worksheet 73
Terminology ........................................... 76
Entering Bond Data and Computing Results.................. 77
Bond Price and Accrued Interest Example ................... 79
5: Depreciation Worksheet 81
Depreciation Worksheet Labels............................ 82
Entering Data and Computing Results ...................... 84
Declining Balance with Straight-Line Crossover Example .......... 85
Straight-Line Depreciation Example ........................ 86
6: Statistics Worksheet 87
Statistics Worksheet Labels............................... 88
Regression Models ...................................... 90
Entering Statistical Data ................................. 91
Editing Statistical Data .................................. 92
Computing Statistical Results ............................. 93
One-Variable Statistics Example ........................... 95
Two-Variable Statistics Example........................... 96
7: Other Worksheets 99
Percent Change/Compound Interest Worksheet............... 100
Interest Conversion Worksheet ............................ 104
Date Worksheet ........................................ 106
Profit Margin Worksheet ................................. 108
Breakeven Worksheet ................................... 110
Memory Worksheet ..................................... 112

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Appendix: Reference Information 115
Formulas ............................................. 116
Error Conditions ....................................... 125
Accuracy Information ................................... 128
IRR Calculations ....................................... 129
AOSé(Algebraic Operating System) Calculations............. 131
Battery Information ..................................... 132
In Case of Difficulty ..................................... 133
Texas Instruments (TI) Support and Service Information ....... 134
Texas Instruments (TI) Warranty Information ................ 135
Index 137

1: Overview of Calculator Operations 1
1
Overview of Calculator Operations
This chapter contains information on:
• Basic calculator operation
• Clearing and correcting
• Math operations
• Memory
• Last Answer
• Worksheets

2 BA II PLUS™ Calculator
Turning the Calculator On and Off
Turning the Calculator On
Press $to turn the calculator on.
• If you turned the calculator off by pressing $, the
calculator returns to operation in the standard-calculator
mode. A value of zero is displayed and the values in all of
the worksheets are the same as you left them, as are the
formats for numbers, angle units, dates, separators, and
calculation method.
• If the APD™ feature turned the calculator off, the
calculator, including the display and any error condition,
returns exactly as you left it.
Turning the Calculator Off
When you press $to turn the calculator off:
• The displayed value is cleared.
• Any unfinished standard-calculator operation is canceled.
• Any worksheet calculation in progress is canceled.
• Any error condition is cleared.
• The Constant Memory™ feature retains all worksheet values
and settings, including the contents of the 10 memories and
all format settings.
Automatic Power Down™ (APD™) Feature
To prolong the life of the battery, the Automatic Power Down
(APD) feature turns the calculator off automatically if you do
not press any key for approximately 10 minutes.

1: Overview of Calculator Operations 3
Resetting the Calculator
Resetting the calculator restores all default settings and clears
all data. Because you can clear only selected portions of data,
you should reserve the reset function for appropriate situations.
You might choose to reset when you first purchase the
calculator or when you start a new project.
Effects of Resetting
• Clears the display and any unfinished calculation.
• Clears all 10 memories.
• Clears all worksheet data and restores the default settings.
(For information on specific worksheets, refer to the
specific worksheet chapters.)
• Returns the calculator to the standard-calculator mode.
Alternatives to Resetting
Before resetting the calculator, consider the other methods for
clearing described in this chapter. For example, if you need to
clear only one worksheet, you can do so without resetting.
Procedure: Resetting the Calculator
If necessary, first press Pto clear any error condition.
쐃Press &}.
RST ? and the ENTER indicator are displayed.
쐇To reset the calculator, press !. RST and 0.00 are
displayed.
Note: To cancel the reset operation instead, press &U. 0.00 is
displayed.
The calculator is in standard-calculator mode.

4 BA II PLUS™ Calculator
Keys and 2nd Functions
The primary function of each key is printed on the key. For
example, press $to turn the calculator on or off.
Some keys provide a secondary function. which is printed in
yellow above the key. When you press &, the character,
abbreviation, or word printed above a key becomes active for
the next keystroke. For example, press &Uto leave a
worksheet and return to standard-calculator mode.
The Display
The display shows entries and results with up to 10 digits. The
indicators along the top of the display provide information
about the status of the calculator and tell you what keys are
available at different times.
ABC represents the spaces where the three-letter abbreviations
for the variable labels are displayed.

1: Overview of Calculator Operations 5
Display Indicators
Indicator Meaning
2nd The calculator will access the second function of the next key
pressed.
INV The calculator will access the inverse function of the next key or
key sequence pressed.
HYP The calculator will access the hyperbolic function of the next
key or key sequence pressed.
COMPUTE You can compute a value for the displayed variable by pressing
%.
ENTER You can enter a value for the displayed variable by keying in a
value and pressing !.
SET The displayed variable is a setting that you can change by
pressing &V.
#$You can press "to view previous variables in the current
worksheet or #to view subsequent variables.
DEL You can press &Wto delete a cash flow or a statistical data
point.
INS You can press &Xto insert a cash flow or a statistical data
point.
BGN You have selected beginning-of-period payments for TVM
calculations. If the BGN indicator is not displayed when you are
in the TVM worksheet, end-of-period payments are selected.
RAD The calculator is in the radian mode. All angle values are
displayed and must be entered as radians. If the RAD indicator is
not displayed, all angle values are displayed and must be entered
as degrees.
The displayed value has been entered in a worksheet. After a
computation, the indicators are cleared.
The displayed value has been computed in a worksheet. If you
make a change to the worksheet that invalidates a previously
computed value, the indicator is removed from that value.
=The displayed value is “assigned” to the variable represented by
the label in the display. If the =indicator is not displayed, the
displayed value is not assigned to the displayed variable.
.The displayed value is negative.

6 BA II PLUS™ Calculator
Setting Calculator Formats
You can set formats for five aspects of the calculator.
Format Options Default
Number of decimal
places
0 – 9
(floating-decimal format = 9) 2places
Angle units degrees (DEG) or radians (RAD)DEG
(degrees)
Dates US format mm-dd-yyyy or Eur
(European) format dd-mm-yyyy US format
Number separators US format 1,000.00 or Eur
(European) format 1.000,00 US format
Calculation method Chn (chain) or AOS™(Algebraic
Operating System) calculations Chn (chain)
The sections that follow give details about each format and
instructions for changing the format.
Number of Decimal Places
The calculator internally stores numeric values to an accuracy of
13 digits. You can specify the number of decimal places to be
displayed. The default is two decimal places, rounding if necessary.
The decimal format setting affects only the display; it does not
round the internal value, except for amortization and depreciation
results. To round the internal value, use the round function.
Note: Examples in this guidebook assume a setting of two decimal
places. Other settings may show different results.

1: Overview of Calculator Operations 7
Procedure: Changing the Number of Decimal Places
쐃Press &|. DEC= is displayed with the current
decimal-place setting.
쐇Enter the number of decimal places to be displayed (0
through 9) and press !. To specify a floating-decimal
format, enter 9.
쐋Choose one of the following to continue:
< To continue setting formats, press #.
< To return to the standard-calculator mode, press &U.
< To access a worksheet, press the appropriate worksheet
key or key sequence.
Angle Unit Format
You can enter and display angle values in either degrees or
radians. You can specify which method you require.
The default setting for angle units is degrees. There is no
display indicator for this setting. However, if you specify
radians, the RAD indicator is displayed in the upper right-hand
corner of the display.
Procedure: Changing the Angle Unit Format
쐃If necessary, press &|#.
The most recently selected angle-units format is displayed,
either DEG or RAD.
쐇Press &Vrepeatedly to set either DEG or RAD.
쐋Choose one of the following to continue:
< To continue setting formats, press #or ".
< To return to the standard-calculator mode, press &U.
< To access a worksheet, press the appropriate worksheet
key or key sequence.

8 BA II PLUS™ Calculator
Date Format
Both the Bond and Date worksheets use dates. You can select
either the US or the European display format. The default
setting for dates is the US format.
US format (US): Month Day Year
12 - 31 - 1990
European format (EUR): Day Month Year
31 - 12 - 1990
Procedure: Changing the Date Format
쐃If necessary, press &|##.
The most recently selected date format is displayed, either
US or EUR.
쐇Press &Vrepeatedly to select either US or EUR.
쐋Choose one of the following to continue:
< To continue setting formats, press #or ".
< To return to the standard-calculator mode, press &U.
< To access a worksheet, press the appropriate worksheet
key or key sequence.

1: Overview of Calculator Operations 9
Separator Format
You can select either the US or the European format for the
display of separators in numbers. The default setting for
separators is the US format.
US and UK format (US): 1,000.00
European format (EUR): 1.000,00
Procedure: Changing the Separator Format
쐃If necessary, press &|###.
The most recently selected separator format is displayed,
either US or EUR.
쐇Press &Vrepeatedly to select either US or EUR.
쐋Choose one of the following to continue:
< To continue setting formats, press #or ".
< To return to the standard-calculator mode, press &U.
< To access a worksheet, press the appropriate worksheet
key or key sequence.

10 BA II PLUS™ Calculator
Calculation Method
You can select either the chain calculation method or the AOS
(algebraic operating system) calculation method. The default
setting for calculation method is chain (Chn).
When the calculation method is set to Chn (chain), the
calculator solves problems in the order that you enter them.
This calculation method is used in most financial calculators.
For example, in Chn when you enter 3 H2 <4 N, the answer is
20 (3 + 2 = 5, 5 * 4 = 20).
When the calculation method is set to AOS (the algebraic
operating system), the calculator solves problems according to
the standard rules of algebraic hierarchy. In AOS, multiplication
and division operations are completed before addition and
subtraction operations.
This calculation method is used in most scientific calculators.
For example, in AOS when you enter 3 H2 <4 N, the answer
is 11 (2 Q4 = 8; 3 + 9 = 11). The multiplication operation is
completed before the addition operation.
Procedure: Changing the Calculation Method
쐃If necessary, press &|####.
The most recently selected calculation method is displayed,
either Chn (Chain) or AOS (Algebraic Operating System).
쐇Press &Vrepeatedly to select either Chn or AOS.
쐋Choose one of the following to continue:
< To continue setting formats, press #or ".
< To return to the standard-calculator mode, press &U.
< To access a worksheet, press the appropriate worksheet
key or key sequence.

1: Overview of Calculator Operations 11
Clearing the Calculator
To clear . . . Keystrokes
. . . one character at a time from the display (including
decimal points). *
. . . an incorrect entry, an error condition, or an error
message from the display. P
. . . out of a worksheet and return to standard-calculator
mode. &U
. . . all pending operations in the standard-calculator mode
and display zero. &U
. . . in a worksheet, a value you have keyed into the display
but not yet entered as a variable value. The previous value
returns. PP*
. . . any calculation you have started but have not yet
completed. PP
. . . the TVM worksheet and return the values in the
worksheet to a known starting point.
&U
&^
. . . any worksheet (not TVM) and return the values in the
worksheet to a known starting point. Also returns you to
the first variable in the worksheet. &z
. . . all 10 memories. &{
&z
. . . one of the 10 memories without affecting the others. QDand the
key for the
number of the
memory (0–9)
* When you are in a worksheet, press Prepeatedly to return to standard-calculator
mode.

12 BA II PLUS™ Calculator
Correcting Entry Errors
If you enter an incorrect number but have not yet pressed an
operation key (such as Hor 4), you can correct the number
without clearing the calculation.
• Remove the last digit or decimal point from a number you
have keyed in by pressing the backspace key *and then
enter the correct digit.
• Erase the entire number by pressing Ponce, then key in
the correct number and continue with your calculation.
Note: Pressing Pto correct a numeric entry immediately after you have
pressed an operation key clears any calculation in progress.
Example: Correcting an Entry Error
Compute 3 Q1234.56, but accidentally enter .86 instead of .56.
Use *to correct the mistake, and then continue with your
calculation.
Procedure Keystrokes Display
Clear the calculator. &U0.00
Begin the expression. 3<3.00
Enter the second number incorrectly. 1234.86 1,234.86
Erase the 86. **1,234.
Complete the number correctly. 56 1,234.56
Compute the result. N3,703.68

1: Overview of Calculator Operations 13
Math Operations
When the calculation method is set to chain (Chn), mathematical
expressions, such as 3 + 2 Q4, are evaluated in the order that you enter
them. The Nkey completes an operation and displays the result.
Operation Example Keystrokes Display
Addition 6 + 4 6H4N10.00
Subtraction 6 N4 6B4N2.00
Multiplication 6 Q4 6<4N24.00
Division 6 P4 664N1.50
Universal power 31.25 3;1.25 N3.95
Parentheses 7 Q(3 + 5) 7<93H5:N56.00
Percent 4% of $453 453 <42N18.12
Percent ratio 14 is what percent of
25? 14 625 2N56.00
Percent add-on $498 + 7% sales tax 498 H72
N34.86
532.86
Percent discount $69.99 N10% discount 69.99 B10 2
N7.00
62.99
Square 6.326.3 439.69
Combinations n = 52, r = 5 52 &s5N2,598,960.00
Permutations n = 8, r = 3 8&m3N336.00

14 BA II PLUS™ Calculator
Math Operations (cont.)
Some operations are performed immediately and do not require that
you press N.
Operation Example Keystrokes Display
Square root 15.5 15.5 33.94
Reciprocal 1/3.2 3.2 50.31
Factorial 5! 5&g120.00
Natural logarithm ln 203.45 203.45 >5.32
Natural antilogarithm e.69315 .69315 &i2.00
Round Round 2 P3 to the set
decimal format 263N&o0.67
Random number* Generate random
number &a0.86
Store “seed” value D&a0.86
Sine** sin(11.54°) 11.54 &d0.20
Cosine** cos(120°) 120 &eN0.50
Tangent** tan(76°) 76 &f4.01
Arcsine** sin-1(.2) .2 8d11.54
Arccosine** cos-1(-.5) .5 S8e120.00
Arctangent** tan-1(4) 48f75.96
Hyperbolic sine sinh(.5) .5 &cd0.52
Hyperbolic cosine cosh(.5) .5 &ce1.13
Hyperbolic tangent tanh(.5) .5 &cf0.46
Hyperbolic arcsine sinh-1(5) 5&c8d2.31
Hyperbolic arccosine cosh-1(5) 5&c8e2.29
Hyperbolic arctangent tanh-1(.5) .5 &c8f0.55
* The random number generated when you press &amay not be the one shown
here.
** Angles are interpreted according to the current setting for angle units (degrees or
radians). These examples show angles in degrees.