U-Tech 681 User manual
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
U-TECH
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE TRACERS
PLUG-IN
UNIT
MODELS
681 and 602
CONSOLE MODEL
683
U-TECH
4190 South State Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84107 Phone (801) 262-2663
PLUG-IN MODEL 681
Fig. 1
U-TECH CHARACTERISTIC CURVE TRACERS
---==--
~
'
:·
:ii..
....
~
.
..
~
.~
PLUG-IN MODEL 682
Fig. 2 CONSOLE
MODEL
683
Fig. 3
WARRANTY:
U-TECH warrants equipment
of
its manufacture against defective materials and
workmanship
for
a period
of
one year
from
date
of
shipment.
COPYRIGHT © 1968. Printed in the United States
of
America.
All
rights reserved. The contents
of
this publication may
not
be
reproduced
without
the consent
of
the copyright owner.
INTROPUCTION
U-TECH
MODELS
681,682,
and 683
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE TRACERS
Before accepting the instrument from the shipper, examine the
package
for
external
damage.
External
damage
of
any nature must
be
noted by the shipper
and
receiver and the proper insuring
agency
notified. Upon unpacking the instrument, examine
it
carefully
for
any dents, scratches, broken knobs
or connectors.
If
damage
is
observed,
save
shipping carton,
and
do
not
use
the instrument
until
so
instructed by the insuring agency.
The U-TECH Models
681
and 682 Characteristic
Curve
Tracers
are
both plug-in units
designed
for
use
with Tektronix Oscilloscopes, Type 560
series
and
Type 530, 540, 550,
and
580
series,
respectively.
U-TECH Model 683
is
a console
unit
designed
for
use
with
an
X-Y oscilloscope.
All
units
have
the
capability
of
displaying characteristic curves
of
solid state devices.
Each
model
will
display the
dynamic characteristics
of
both
NPN
and
PNP
transistors, N Channel and P Channel junction/MOS
FET's, diodes and many others.
All
models
are
designed
to
operate from a 115V
±._
10%,
50/60
Hz
power source. Do not connect the
instrument
to
a power source
with
an
inadequate voltage rating.
-2-
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Before attempting
to
operate the
unit
the
user
should familiarize himself with its
use
and
controls by
completely reading this section. Since the
unit
can
be
damaged
by
misuse
and
the warranty voided by
such
misuse,
it
is
imperative the
user
knows how
to
use
it
properly.
To become familiar
with
the
unit
the following description
of
the controls
is
given.
TEST TERMINALS:
These
terminals
are
used
to
connect the device under test
to
the active portions
of
the curve tracer unit.
Collector Terminal (RED)· This terminal supplies power
to
the tested device. This power
is
adjustable by the collector voltage switch, collector voltage control, and collector
series
resistor. The polarity
of
this power
is
reversible by the collector polarity switch. The
horizontal
output
is
connected directly
to
this terminal; therefore,the horizontal amplifier
indicates the voltage present
on
this terminal. The only current return path
for
this voltage
is
the emitter terminal.
Emitter Terminal
(BLACK)·
This
is
the central ground point
for
both the oscilloscope
and
the plug-in unit. The current displayed
on
the vertical
is
an
indication
of
the current flowing
from this terminal
to
the collector power supply. Since the
base
generator
is
referred
to
ground, the
base
current
does
not
flow
through this path; therefore,
it
is
not
indicated
on
the vertical display.
Base
Terminal (BLUE)· This terminal supplies a constant current
of
adjustable amplitude
by
means
of
the
base
current switch, and a reversible polarity by
means
of
the
base
polarity
switch. This current
is
supplied in three* equal
steps
at a frequency which
is
in
synchronization
with
the collector voltage frequency.
COLLECTOR CURRENT SWITCH: This switch
selects
the current
range
to
be viewed on the vertical
scale
of
the oscilloscope. The current that
is
sampled
is
that
which
is
flowing through the collector
power supply circuit.
BASE
CURRENT SWITCH: This switch selects the amount
of
current which
each
of
the three
steps
will represent when applied
to
the
base
terminal.
COLLECTOR SERIES RESISTOR: This switch inserts a resistor in
series
with
the collector terminal
and
the power supply. The purpose
is
twofold:
a.
It
acts
as
a limiting resistor
to
prevent
damage
to
the device under test.
b.
It
provides a visual load line
of
the device characteristics.
*Note: The
base
drive generator
is
set
at the factory (3
steps)
but
can
be
adjusted
to
almost any
number by adjusting R70 in the calibration procedure.
If
any number other than three
is
used,
the calibration
of
the
base
drive current
will
not
be
accurate.
-3-
CAUTION: The 10 ohm, 50 ohm, and 100 ohm resistors
can
be
damaged
by applying a
large
voltage at a high current. To prevent this,
keep
the collector voltage
as
low
as
needed
for
a complete display.
CAUTION:
When
the collector
series
resistor switch
is
in the 0 ohm position, a short
across
the collector
to
emitter terminals may destroy the
series
regulator transistor in the collector
power supply
if
the collector voltage
js
set
hjgh. There
is
a fuse in this circuit
to
prevent this
condition,
but
in extreme
cases,
the transistor may fail prior
to
activation
of
the
fuse.
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE CONTROL: This control adjusts the voltage
of
the collector power supply
from zero
to
approximately 50 volts. The exact voltage
is
dependent upon the line voltage feeding the
unit. Since this voltage
is
ahead
of
the collector
series
resistor, the voltage
on
the CRT display will
be
dependent
on
both the load and the value
of
this resistor.
Even
with
a collector
series
resistor
of
0
ohm, the voltage
will
not
be
the
same
under high current conditions,
because
of
the
small
but
finite
internal impedance
of
the supply.
CAUTION: The collector voltage control should at all times reduce the trace
on
the CRT
to
a
small
circular spot.
If
the trace will
not
reduce beyond a short horizontal line (rather than
a circular spot), this
is
an
indication
of
the control transistor being over-heated.
If
this
condition occurs, the
unit
should
be
turned
off
immediately
and
allowed
to
cool. Under
normal operating conditions, this should
not
occur,
but
if
operated
for
prolonged
periods,-41-
low voltage and high current, a check
for
this small horizontal line (with the voltage control
off)
should
be
made
at frequent intervals.
VERTICAL
POSITION CONTROL: This control
is
the
same
as
that on any plug-in
unit
and simply
adjusts the trace up and down.
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE SWITCH: This switch
adds
50 volts
to
the collector voltage which
is
then
adjustable from 50
to
100 volts output. This switch in no way deteriorates the current capability
of
the unit.
COLLECTOR
POLARITY
SWITCH: This switch
reverses
the polarity
of
the voltage
on
the collector
terminal,
and
maintains the ground
for
the supply at the emitter terminal.
BASE
POLARITY
SWITCH: This switch
reverses
the polarity
of
the
base
drive current
without
affecting the collector supply in any way.
BASE
VOLTAGE SWITCH: This switch converts the
base
drive generator from a current generator
to
a voltage generator
with
a 1K ohm source impedance. For most applications 1K ohm
is
low enough,
but
if
a lower source impedance
is
desired, a resistor
of
the desired value
can
be
placed
across
the
base
and
emitter terminals
to
obtain the proper impedance. The voltage
per
step will
change,
but
it
can
be
calculated in ohms
by
knowing the current the
base
generator
is
putting out,
and
the value
of
the
resistor. For example:
assume
a 10 ohm source impedance
is
required. The voltage per step
is
then:
(E
=I
x R); E =10 ohms x .01A=
0.1
v/step
(with
the
base
generator putting
out
10 rna/step). The 1K
ohm resistor inserted
by
the
base
voltage switch may or may not be
used
in conjunction with the
external resistor
to
obtain the desired impedance.
-4-
Since
this
is
a 1K -
1%
resistor,
it
can
be
used
in the calibration procedure
(C1)
in
place
of
the
precision resistor specified, merely by putting the switch in the
VB
position. The accuracy
of
the
calibration will
be
affected
to
some
degree
but
not
enough
to
cause
any problems in
general
testing.
HORIZONTAL OUTPUT: This terminal connects
to
the horizontal input
of
the main frame.
If
other
characteristics
are
desired other than common emitter, this terminal may
be
bypassed
and
the
horizontal input
of
the main frame connected directly
to
the point from
where
the voltage
is
to
be
viewed.
AC
RECEPTACLE: Models 682
and
683. This receptacle supplies 115V AC;
50/60Hz
to the unit.
The third wire (ground)
does
not
have
to
be
connected
because
it
is
not
connected internally.
The
reason
is
that the plug-in
unit
is
already connected
to
ground through the third wire
of
the power
supply in the main frame.
It
is,
in fact, undesirable
to
have
this third wire connected
because
it
would
cause
aground loop
and
unnecessary
noise
on
the trace
of
the unit.
CHECK
OUT: The
unit
should now
be
checked
out
by going through the first.smum
steps
of
the
"Operational Check-Out" procedure.
If
it
operates properly do not proceed further.
Since
the
unit
is
checked
and
calibrated at the factory, no further calibration should
be
necessary.
OPERATION: The
unit
is
now ready
for
use.
If
little or
no
previous experience
is
available with a
curve
tracer, the following descriptions may
be
useful.
Grounded Emitter: This
is
the most common
of
all transistor characteristics
and
appears
as
shown
for
a
NPN
type silicon transistor, figure
4.
NO
I N0.2
N0.4
/.---1~---------t----
N0.3
Fig. 4
·5-
This curve will be obtained by the procedure
just
followed. Comparison between the drawing and the
actual curve will
be
helpful in recognizing the different portions
of
the curve.
No.
1.
This
is
the saturation region,
and
can
best
be
seen
with low horizontal voltage
settings. This
means
that
for
any
given
collector voltage the
same
collector current results
relatively independent
of
base
current. This
is
the operating region when the transistor
is
used
as
a saturated switch.
No.
2.
This
is
the portion
of
the curve where the majority
of
transistors
are
operated.
If
these
lines
are
perfectly horizontal, the collector current
is
a function
of
base
current only,
and
independent
of
collector voltage, thus, making
it
a perfect current source. The slope
present
here
is
due
to
the
leakage
represented
by
No.
3.
No.
3.
Generally speaking, the lower this slope, the better the transistor.
On
most silicon
transistors this
leakage
(represented
by
No.
3)
is
almost undetectable.
This
is
also theregion in which the
gain
(or hfe )
of
the transistor
is
read.
The
gain
read
is
in
reality hfe , but since the frequency
is
only 240
Hz,
it
can
be
taken
as
HFE
in
most
transistors. This
gain
is
obtainocl
by
applying a known current
to
the
base
(adjustable by the
base
current switch) and reading the corresponding collector current
on
the vertical
scale
of
the CRT
screen,
(this
scale
is
adjustable by the collector current switch). Now, by dividing
the
base
current into the collector current the hfe
or,#
can
be
obtained.
No.
4.
This portion
of
the curve
is
the breakdown region, and from
it
VcEO
can
be
obtained
by
reading the voltage at which the lowest curve No. 3
passes
through the specified
current
at
which the breakdown
is
measured.
If
while measuring this portion, the
set
of
curves
start
to
move upward rapidly, the
transistor under test
is
heating beyond its rated value,
and
can
be
burned
out
easily
if
left
at
thatvoltage. V
CB
can
be
measured
by shorting the
base
and
emitter terminals.
GROUNDED BASE: This
is
another important characteristic which
can
be
obtained
if
desired. This
is
done simply by reversing the
base
and
emitter terminals
of
the test transistor
to
the test terminals. The
base
generator (which must
be
of
reverse
polarity) now supplies the emitter current. The collector
voltage and current
are
read
as
before. In
some
cases
a blurr
of
the trace will occur
near
the breakdown
of
the transistor. This
is
normal and
difficult
to
prevent.
It
represents
an
oscillation
due
to
the very
high frequency
response
in this configuration,
and
the small
lead
inductance
and
capacitance
is
enough
to
form atuned circuit (which then oscillates
at
an
extremely high frequency). This
same
phenomenon
can
be
observed
in the negative resistance region
of
any tunnel diode characteristic.
GENERAL:
Almost any characteristic
of
any device
can
be
obtained with this curve tracer with the
addition
of
a
little
ingenuity. The primary method
of
obtaining uncommon characteristics
is
to
switch
the terminals around (including the horizontal input
to
the
scope).
In
some
cases,
additional power
supplies or transformers
can
augment the internal
ones.
It
should
be
remembered that the
unit
can
be
damaged.
However,
as
long
as
the current and voltage levels
are
kept low, no harm will come
to
it
or
the device under test.
-6-
I
I
I
I
I
I
i
I
TROUBLE SHOOTING
Before proceeding
with
trouble shooting
of
Models 681, 682,
and
683, the
base
frame
of
the
oscilloscope should
be
checked
by
placing a good plug-in unit into the oscilloscope,
when
checking
Models
681
and
682,
to
make
sure
the trouble
is
in the
curve
tracer
and
not in the main frame.
1.
Proceed
with
the
steps
outlined under the section "Operational Check-Out
and
Calibra-
tion".
2.
If
there
is
a discrepancy in
step
6a
of
the "Operational Check-Out" procedure, look for
the following problems:
a.
If
the
SPOT
fails
to
move
in the vertical direction, there
is
a problem in the vertical
amplifier
or
vertical control
of
Models
681
or
682.
b.
If
the
SPOT
fails
to
move
in the horizontal direction, there
is
a problem in the
horizontal amplifier in the main frame
of
the oscilloscope.
c.
If
a horizontal voltage
of
approximately 50 volts
appears,
there
is
a problem in
the collector power supply; probably a shorted output transistor. This could
happen
if
the curve tracer
is
misused,
or
shorted externally.
d.
If
no
SPOT
appears,
but a shadow
shows
on the top or bottom
of
the
screen,
when
the intensity
is
turned full-up, there
is
a
bad
component in the vertical amplifier
of
Models
681
or 682.
e.
If
a horizontal line
appears,
but
is
not
full
50 volts, there
is
a leaky transistor in
the collector power supply, but
it
will
not
necessarily
be
completely bad.*
3.
If
there
is
a discrepancy in
step
7a
of
the "Operational Check-Out" procedure, the follow-
ing problems should
be
looked for:
a.
If
a vertical line
appears
there
can
be
one
of
two
causes.
i.
Remove
the test transistor
and
if
the vertical line
persists
this
is
a short in
the unit, probably in the wiring
of
the test terminal.
ii.
If
it
disappears,
it
is
an
indication
of
an
open connection
to
the horizontal
amplifier.
b.
If
a horizontal line
appears
but
nothing
else,
first check to
make
sure
R70
is
in
the center
of
it's rotation.
If
R70
is
properly
set,
then the problem
is
either
an
inoperative
base
drive generator or a
bad
connection from
it
to
the test transistor.
*See
operating instructions: CAUTION under COLLECTOR VOLTAGE CONTROL before
trying
to
fix
this problem.
-7-
4.
If
a raster
of
any type
appears,
and
is
controlable
as
previously described, the
unit
is
operating properly
and
any discrepancies
can
be
cleared
up
by
carefully following the
calibration procedure.
5.
If
this
does
not
solve
the problem contact a U-TECH factory representative or a U-TECH
manufacturer's representative
for
further information.
-8-
RECOMMENDED FACTORY PRODUCTION AND
USER
OPERATIONAL CHECK-OUT AND CALIBRATION
OF
MODEL 683
GENERAL: Check-out
and
calibration
of
Model 683
is
divided into three parts:
A. Oscilloscope Calibration
B.
Operational Check-Out
C.
Base
Generator Calibration
All
three parts
are
accomplished utilizing the following listed equipment:
1.
1
K-
.1%
resistor or internal V8 - I8 switch.
2.
A power source:
a.
A
D.C.
variable power
source
if
the Model 683
is
to
be
used
with a
D.C.
scope.
b.
An A.C. variable power
source
if
the Model 683
is
to
be
used
with
an
A.C.
scope.
3.
A calibrated meter A.C. or
D.C.
~
(Parts
2
and
3
are
needed
only
if
acalibrated oscilloscope
is
not available.)
PROCEDURES:
If
a calibrated
X-
Y
scope
is
available this first section (A) may
be
eliminated.
A. OSCILLOSCOPE CALIBRATION
1.
Calibration
of
the
D.C.
Oscilloscope.
a.
Set
the power supply
for
exactly 1.0 volt output by
measuring
with
a
D.C.
meter
that
is
calibrated.
b.
Apply this 1.0
volt
signal
to
the oscilloscope vertical input.
c.
Adjust the
gain
of
the
scope
to
obtain exactly a ten division deflection.
d. This
gives
a vertical sensitivity
of
0.10 volt
per
division, which
is
the output
calibration
of
the Model683.
e.
This calibration must
be
maintained at all times while the Model 683
is
being
used
with the oscilloscope.
f. Calibration
of
the horizontal portion
of
the oscilloscope should
be
accomplished
in the
same
manner except that the voltage, at which
it
is
calibrated, will vary
depending
on
the voltage
range
to
be
measured
with
the
curve
tracer. In most
-9-
cases
a calibrated horizontal
is
not required.
If
it
is
desired
to
measure
the
breakdown voltage
of
a device
it
is
simpler
to
observe
the break point
on
the
scope
and
then determine that voltage by applying a power supply
to
the
horizontal
with
a voltmeter connected
to
it, adjusting the voltage until
it
is
the
sameasthat observed, and reading this voltage
off
the meter.
2.
Calibration
of
the A.C. oscilloscope.
a.
This procedure
is
the
same
as
that previously described in
J~
through
J.fJxcept
an
A.C. power source
and
A.C. meter
are
used.
b. The primary difference
is
that the reading
on
the voltmeter
is
an
average
reading
or
a peak converted
to
R.M.S. reading,
and
that reading
on
the
scope
is
peak,
so
a
conversion must
be
made
to
compensate
for
this difference.
B.
OPERATIONAL CHECK-OUT
1.
2.
Set Model 683
front
panel controls
as
follows:
a.
lc : 1 ma/cm
b.
Rc
: 1K
c.
lb :
0.01
rna/em
d. Polarity switches: NPN,
base
+,
Collector +
e.
Voltage Switch: 0
to
50V.
f.
Base
Drive Switch: Current
g.
Collector Voltage Control:
full
counter clockwise.
Horizontal and Vertical Inputs.
a.
Position: Center
of
rotation
b. Input: D.C. Coupled
(if
possible)
c.
Voltage:
Vertical:
0.1
v/div.
Horizontal: 1.0 v/div.
3.
Connect vertical and horizontal inputs
of
oscilloscope
to
appropriate terminals
on
the Model
683.
4.
Connect a 2N3566
to
the transistor test station.
5.
Apply power
to
Model 683
by
connecting line cord
to
panel
face receptacle.
6.
A spot should appear somewhere near the center
of
the CRT
screen.
a.
By adjusting the vertical and horizontal position controls, the spot should
move
"off
scale" in any direction.
-10-
b.
Any
discrepancy in this
step
indicates a construction error or faulty component in
the vertical amplifier,
or
wiring error in horizontal portion.
c.
If
horizontal line
appears
on
the
screen,
there
is
trouble in the collector power
supply portion.
1.
Advance collector voltage control slowly (clockwise) until a raster
appears
on
the
screen.
a.
If
this raster looks like a transistor characteristic (but
may
not hold
synchronization) the
unit
is
operating properly.
Any
movement of the display,
results from lack
of
sync
with
the line
and
will be corrected later.
b.
If
a horizontal line
appears
(and
nothing
else)
the
unit
is
improperly wired, or the
base
drive circuit
is
not working properly.
c.
If
avertical line
appears,
there
is
ashort.
8.
The Model 683
is
now ready
for
one
hour
ageing
and
stabilization prior
to
calibration.
9.
The
sync control (R66) should
be
adjusted
so
as
to
obtain a
stable
display. Adjusting this
control in both directions will
reveal
a manual
range
that
gives
stable display,
and
the
control should
be
set
tothe middle
of
this
range.
C.
BASE
GENERATOR CALIBRATION:
1.
Connect a 1K precision resistor
(.1%
or greater accuracy) between the
base
and
emitter
terminals
of
the test station.
2.
Connect oscilloscope Horizontal Input
to
the
base
terminal
of
the test station.
3.
Set
horizontal voltage
for
.1
volt/em.
4.
Set
Panel
Controls
as
follows:
a.
Polarity: +
b.
I · Vb switch: I
c.
ffase
current
switc~:
0.2 rna/em.
5.
Position trace at the extreme left
hand
side
and
center vertically
(a
series
of dots should
appear).
6.
Adjust
R70
untilfour dots
appear.
7.
Adjust R73
to
the fu
II
counterclockwise position.
8.
"Zero"
the left
hand
dot
with the position controls
and
do not re-adjust during the
remainder
of
the procedure.
-11-
9. Rotate R73 clockwise, slowly, until
the
"zero"
dot
moves
to
the
right. Then,
turn
back
(CCW)
until
dot
is
zeroed exactly.
10. Adjust R7oso
that
the
fourth
dot
(extreme right dot) intersects
the
6 em line.
If
the
display
is
not
completely stable, it may be necessary
to
repeat
the
procedure described in
paragraph
69.
Steps 8,
9,
10
of
section C
cannot
be performed
on
an A.
C.
coupled oscilloscope
and
therefore,
should
not
be
attempted
unless a D.C. coupled oscilloscope can be obtained for these steps.
-12-
t'
PC-3
PC-I
PC-2
COMPONENT
SIDE
MODEL
681
r
[IT
a_
PC-2
PC-3
COMPONENT
SIDE
MODEL
683
f:
PC-I
---~
IR
8~
-
[l70~741>
PC-2
PC
-3
'
COMPONENT I
~
I
SIDE
I
MODEL
682
I
r-
----_I_--
I
---,
{L.!c:
I
d1
1 I
l-
I
I
I
I
I
L----
I
___________
...J
.....
~.....__"'1'1:
L>:---.....-
[>.....J
...
~
~
-
-
...
.....
--
,.
~
~
m
,_
!'
17
.......
;:
~
I
r
•
n!>
P.
~
~I
~
CD
1..0
-Q:'
~!II
~:
...J
lJ..!
~
0
0
lPL
~
1~
~
u
~
•
f:~
~
>
~
>
r>>
"'-:\"
~"'
~~
.....
i'«~
United States Patent
[72) Inventor
Willian
G.
Dilley
[21
I Appl. No.
[22] Filed
4168N. 425 West, Ogden, Utah
84404
732,393
May27,
1968
[45) Patented Apr.
6,1971
[54] SOLID-STATECHARACTERISTICCURVE
TRACER
ATTACHMENT
FOR
OSCILWSCOPES
10Claims,
22
DrawingFigs.
[52) U.S.CI........................................................
324/158,
324/121
[51]
Int.
CI.........................................................GOlr
31/22,
GOir
13/20
[50] FieldofSearch............................................ 324/158
(T),
158
(D),
113,
121
[56] ReferencesCited
UNITED STATES PATENTS
3,076,140 1/1963 Smith ........................... 324/158
[II]
3,573,618
Primary Examiner-RudolphV. Rolinec
Assistant Examiner-Ernest F. Karlsen
Attorneys-Mallinckrodt
and
Mallinckrodt, P.
H.
Mallinckrodt, Philip A. Mallinckrodt
and
David V.
Trask
ABSTRACT:
An
all solid-state
attachment
unit for various
types
of
standard
oscilloscopes
to
enable
them
to
perform
the
functions
of
a characteristic curve
tracer
for solid-state
devices.
The
attachment
may
be
modular, constructed as a
plug-in unit for certaintypes
of
standard oscilloscopes
so
as
to
make use
of
available power,electronic capability,
and
display
contained within such oscilloscopes,
or
it
may be similar
but
containing a plug-in facility for a
power
supply auxiliary
to
those contained within
the
oscilloscope, so
it
can
be
used with
certain
other
types
of
standard oscilloscopes
not
providing all
the required power supplies,
or
it
may
be
a completely
separate console
adapted
for plug-in connection with a
power
source
and
with
the
vertical
and
horizontal amplifier inputs,
respectively,
of
various
other
types
of
standard oscilloscopes
that
are
not
constructed
to
receive plug-in units.
When
con-
nected with a standard oscilloscope,
the
attachment
unit
of
the
invention in effect constitutes
an
integral
part
of
the oscil-
loscope
and
provides augmented capability therefor, so as
to
make possible
the
visual display
of
characteristics
of
solid-
statedevices undergoing test.
I
--1----l---
'<;757
-,
It=-
1"'
Rl
.----------------
• r
------i
i .I 28 •
I
' !
,.
R:~
I
lc__~::r--~t--t
I
R31
'
i , i .i : I
! . . !
I.
: j
j
s~
I j
R37
,.
'
R6
R7 + ' I
R21
'
,.
!
VERTICAL
~SITION
,
-~~~~~~~~~~-----~
•
51
' ,
52
I'
I I I COLLECTOR II COLLECTOR LOAD '
.____
___
_yg_BJ~
_
_8MP_~8_.
_
CU~RENT_
SWI!CH _ _
__
R~SISTgR
S~ITCH
_
_j
lr-·---
~
FIG
I.
I
Patented
April
6,
1971 3,573,618
r-:
0::
(j
5 Sheets-Sheet 2
r----
------------~--
-------------------,
1
I
I
I
I
I
(!)
z
-
....
..J-
Il.Z
:::E::J
<(
rJ)
I
I
l
I
I
Ill·
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
________________________
r1rll
_______
j
Ill··
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
I I
L---------------------------------------J
INVENTOR.
WILLIAM
G.
DILLEY
BY~
A~
ATTORNEYS
Patented
April
6,
1971 3,573,618
v
CURRENT
5 Sheets-Sheet 3
FIG 4 FIG
5.
S4
=+
S3
=
0-
50V
DEF.
PLATES
S4=-
S3=
0-50V
DEF.
PLATES
FIG.
6.
FIG.
7
S4=
+
S3=
50-IOOV
DEF.
PLATES
DEF.
PLATES
183
FIG
B.
-------------------------------
Is2
.--------------------------------
ls1
VOLTAGE
H
INVENTOR.
WILLIAM
G.
DILLEY
BY~
~;..,._;.__
ATTORNEYS
Patented
April
6,
1971 3,573,618
5 Sheets-Sheet 4
VOLTAGE
FIG
9.
VOLTAGE
FIG
10
IME
TIME
FIG.
II
FIG
12
STEP
STEP
t 2
STEPS
C.R.T
FIG.
13.
110
Volts
A.C
.
.
-------
------------------------ ------------
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
l
BASE
I
DRIVE
:
GENERATOR
I
INVENTOR.
WILLIAM
G.
DILLEY
I
BY
l
________________________________________
l
~~
ATTORNEYS
This manual suits for next models
2
Table of contents
